2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版
题型技法指导
专题五阅读理解
真题试做
A
（2012·陕西高考，A）
What brings a nation together？Of the four choices—shared values，language，history，and religion，it's shared values.In our latest poll（民意调查），seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor（因素）bringing a nation together，and six preferred language.Both choices scored high in the poll，suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked.Still，history was not forgotten in some countries，particularly in Mexico and Russia.Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people.The biggest surprise？Not one country picked religion as its top choice.
Respect your elders
In most countries，the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old.
Do you speak Canadian?
Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled，perhaps because the country speaks two official languages，French and English.
Church and state
Most people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride.Religion ranked last in 13 countries—with France scoring it at 1%，the lowest of all.
1．According to the poll，what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together?
A．Language. B．Values.
C．History. D．Religion.
2．In which country did language score the lowest in their national pride?
A．Canada. B．Mexico.
C．France. D．America.
3．According to the charts，shared values and language were considered equally important in ______.
A．Australia B．Brazil
C．China D．India
B
（2012·陕西高考，B）
Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother.Expecting a whole day to relax，he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park，”he'd told his wife.“I'll look after the kids，and you can go visit your mo m.”
Things started well，but just after eight o'clock，his three little“good kids”—Mike，Randy，and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted“breakfast，daddy.”When food had not appeared within thirty seconds，Randy began using his spoon on Alex's head as if it were a drum.Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat（节拍）．Mike chanted“Where's my toast，where's my toast”in the background.Brad realised his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.
Life became worse after breakfast.Mike wore Randy's underwear on his head.Randy locked himself in the bathroom，while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants.Nobody could find clean socks，although they were before their very eyes.Someone named“Not Me”had spilled a whole glass of o range juice into the basket of clean clothes.Brad knew the talk show had already started.
By ten o'clock，things were out of control.Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter.Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.Randy，thankfully，appeared to be reading quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.
At exactly 11：17，Brad called the daycare centre（日托所）．“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife's away.Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes？”The answer was obviously “yes”because Brad was smiling.
4．When his wife left home，Brad expected to ______.
A．go out for a walk in the park
B．watch TV talk show with his children
C．enjoy his first day off work
D．read the newspaper to his children
5．Which of the following did Randy do?
A．Drawing on the wall.
B．Eating apple jam.
C．Feeding the fish.
D．Reading in a room.
6．Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?
A．Because he wanted to clean up his house.
B．Because he suddenly had to go to his office.
C．Because he found it hard to manage his boys.
D．Because he had to take his wife back home.
7．This text is developed ______.
A．by space B．by comparison
C．by process D．by time
C
（2012·陕西高考，C）
Eating too much fatty food，exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure（暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke（中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research，scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants（污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U．S.Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）considers to be of“moderate”（良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However，it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
8．The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______.
A．heart problems and air quality
B．heart problems and exercising
C．heart problems and smoking
D．heart problems and fatty food
9．The underlined word“modest”in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A．relatively high B．extremely low
C．relatively low D．extremely high
10．What can we learn from the text?
A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.
B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.
C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.
D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.
11．The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to ______.
A．inform B．persuade
C．describe D．entertain
D
（2012·陕西高考，D）
Spring is coming，and it is time for those about to graduate to look for https://www.doczj.com/doc/9514115519.html,petition is tough，so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices.Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us，but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos（纹身）nose rings，or certain dress styles.It is true you can't judge a book by its cover，yet people do“cover”themselves in order to convey（传递）certain messages.What we wear，including tattoos and nose rings，is an expression of who we are.Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances，so do companies.Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons，but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom，but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money.Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees（雇员），because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers.There are plenty of well-qualified candidates，so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers.Even though I am open-minded，I can't expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards，as long as its standards are legal.
12．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves.
B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies.
C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
13．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Employees Matter
B．Personal Choices Matter
C．Appearances Matter
D．Hiring Managers Matter
15．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as ______.
A．enthusiastic B．negative
C．positive D．sympathetic
考向分析
分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：
1．选材真实，题材、体裁多样
材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，情景真实、明确，具有浓厚的时代气息。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。
题材多样化，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等等；体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
2．阅读量大、信息丰富
考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量和信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。
近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和十分开阔的思维空间。
3．语篇结构复杂
阅读材料在保留了其原有的语言风格基础上，加大了语篇结构的难度。作者在阐述问题时使用了多种语篇的手段和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。
4．语言难度较大
具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词以及替代和省略手段的运用上。
简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
5．题型设置合理
设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势，不仅考查对文中特定信息的理解和把握，还涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题。2011～2012年陕西阅读理解题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。
总的来说，2012年高考阅读理解试题维系了以往一贯的命题风格，难度也和以往保持一致，生词数量控制合理。文章在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性相结合，信息量大，题材与体裁广泛的特点。
答题步骤
1．快速浏览，掌握大意。
快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。
2．细读全文，找准信息。
抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。
3．复读检查，验证答案。
答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致，是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。
技法指导
历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。
1．细节理解题
①细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
（1）Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?
（2）Which of the following（sentences/statements）is NOT true according to the passage?
（3）According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ______.
（4）The author mentions all of the following except ______.
（5）In the passage，the author states that ______.
（6）According to the passage，when（where，why，how，who，etc.）．..
（7）Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
（8）Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...?
（9）Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?
②细节理解题解题策略
▲直接信息题
细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落或语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如：（2012·北京高考，A篇）
The Basics of Math — Made Clear
Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics，as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas.These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra （代数）and beyond.
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.They also look into exponents（指数），the order of operations，and square roots.In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations，students discover why these operations work，how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics，and how these operations can be used practically.
...
56．What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?
A．Algebra.
B．College Mathematics.
C．Arithmetic.
D．Mathematics Education.
剖析：根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知，Basic Math课程主要涵盖代数的基础知识。C项正确。
▲间接信息题
变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时习惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。如：
（2012·课标全国高考，C篇）
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene，setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon，bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was whe eled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio，it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him，and soon the trees were covered in “snow”．Two more fans were turned on，and a “strong wind” blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
65．What made the author feel cold?
A．The heavy snowfall.
B．The man-made scene.
C．The low temperature.
D．The film being shown.
剖析：根据该段最后可知，拍摄电影时，要通过大电扇人为制造出漫天飞雪、寒风呼啸
的场景，非常逼真，以至于使人感到寒冷。由此可知B项正确。
▲事实细节排序题
此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，再找出最后一个发生的，即采用“首尾”定位法，采用排除法将范围缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
▲数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容。此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题一般涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的计算。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确答案。如：（2012·四川高考，B篇）
The offer is of two kinds：￡20 per room，per night，valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012；￡35 per room，per night，valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012.
46．How much should be paid f or a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?
A．￡70. B．￡40.
C．￡35. D．￡30.
剖析：根据该段第一句知，在2012年9月1日至10月31日期间，一晚上20英镑，两晚上应是40英镑，所以B项正确。
▲图表细节题
这类题旨在考查学生的形象思维能力，根据材料进行空间想象的能力。图形识别题，通常有地图、人体实物、统计表等三种形式：简易地图——考查考生方位感；人体实物图——考查考生根据文字叙述进行形象再造能力；仪器仪表统计图——考查考生基本的读图、读数、读表能力。图表题一般会涉及文章内容的核心，解对此类题会大大提升对整篇文章的理解。解题时，针对图表差异的地方，查找原文相应细节。对该细节进行正确合理的理解，不曲解。这是解此类题的核心。
2．推理判断题
①推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
（1）We can know from the passage that ______.
（2）We can infer from the（first/last）passage that ______.
（3）The passage/author implies/suggests that ______.
（4）It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
（5）The underlined sentence indicates that ______.
（6）From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.
（7）The author seems to be in favor of/against ______.
（8）The author's purpose of writing this passage is ______.
（9）The author may probably agree with/support ______.
（10）What's the author's attitude/view/point ______？
（11）How does the author feel about ______？
（12）In the author's opinion，______.
②推理判断题解题策略
▲写作意图推测题
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容，而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如：
（2012·辽宁高考，C篇）
If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake，there would be a lot of candles.He'd need a fan or a strong
wind to help him put them out.
64．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ______.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
剖析：第一段假设如果孔子还活着庆祝自己生日的话，他需要借助强风来帮他吹灭生日蜡烛。由此可知，本段的作用是为了引起读者对所谈话题的兴趣，所以选择B项。
▲态度、观点判断题
作者的态度、思想倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不决，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措词。如：
（2012·福建高考，C篇）
...
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66．The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．tell a customer's story of Jitterbug
B．provide two ways to order Jitterbug
C．give a brief introduction of Jitterbug
D．attract potential customers to Jitterbug
剖析：由整篇文章，尤其是短文最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是推销Jitterbug手机，所以选择D项。
▲逻辑结论及预测想象推断题
逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查考生的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求考生根据文章提供的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题考生首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。
预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文章中没有明确说明，因此考生要根据语篇，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局或后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测。如：
（2012·湖北高考，E篇）
Brrriiinnng.The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning.You jump out of bed，rush into the shower，into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think.A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.Once at the office，you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters.In that sort of mood，who can get down to work，particularly some creative，original problem-solving work?
68．What does the author imply about newspapers?
A．They are solution providers.
B．They are a source of inspiration.
C．They are normally full of bad news.
D．They are more educational than websites.
剖析：根据第一段倒数第二句中“...the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters.”可判断，作者暗示报纸上总是充斥着不好的消息。
3．主旨大意题
①主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
（1）The best title/headline for this passage is ______.
（2）The passage（or the first paragraph）is mainly about ______.
（3）What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
（4）Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
（5）The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ______.
（6）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
（7）The passage mainly tells us that ______.
（8）Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
（9）What's the best/most suitable title of this text/passage?
②主旨大意题解题策略
▲主题句在文首
在说明文、议论文和新闻报道类文体中多采用开头点明主题的方式。因此，要寻找此类文章的主旨大意就要对文章的开头段倍加关注。如：
（2012·湖南高考，B篇）
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.
...
65．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Some places for weekend break.
B．A way to become creative in art.
C．The colourful life in the countryside.
D．Unknown stories of Cambridge University.
剖析：根据文章首句“Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college”可知，这三则广告都是提供给周末休闲无处可去的大学生的。故A项正确。
▲主题句在文尾
部分文章通篇叙事或者议论，直至文章最后才对全文做结论性概括，阐述主旨。此类文章的主旨在文章结尾才能得以体现。
▲主题句贯穿全文
部分文章通篇没有明显的主题句，隐约体现主旨指向，对此类文章就需要我们认真领会每段话题，然后对各段大意加以归纳和概括，得出文章的主旨。如：
（2012·浙江高考，D篇）
As a young boy，I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad.He was a rural mail carrier，and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him.Driving through the countryside was always an adventure：There were animals to see，people to visit，and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop，and Dad did.
...
For me，just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.
60．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The Mail
B．Christmas Letters
C．Special Mailboxes
D．Memorable Travels
剖析：文章主要讲述了作者的父亲，一个普通邮递员的感人故事。文章中，mail，mailboxes，letters等关键词不断出现，所以用The Mail作标题更能突出父亲的职业特点以及他用邮件传达给人们的无私的爱和帮助。故A项正确。
▲文（段）首、文（段）尾主题句。此类文章在引出段首主题句的同时，又在段尾使用不同的句型和词汇，重复段首主题句所阐述的内容，再一次强调主旨大意，并略有引申和侧重，即首尾呼应的写作方法。如：
（2012·全国卷Ⅱ，C篇）
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example，in American culture（文化）the smile is in general an
expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.
...
Our faces show emotions（情感），but we should not attempt to“read”people from another culture as we would“read”someone from our own culture.
...
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits，we may make the mistake of“reading”the other person incorrectly.
52．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Cultural Differences
B．Smiles and Relationships
C．Facial Expressiveness
D．Habits and Emotions
剖析：通过本文三段的段首句都谈及人们的面部表情可知，本文的中心和标题应该与人的面部表情有关，所以C项正确。
4．词义猜测题
①词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
（1）The word “...” in the passage means ______.
（2）The word “...” could be best replaced by ______.
（3）Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to ______.
（4）The word “...” probably refers to ______.
（5）According to the passage，the word “...” is known as ______.
②词义猜测题解题策略
▲根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义
这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出，因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是列举的句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗号（，）、破折号（——）、冒号（：）、分号（；）等来连接。如：
（2012·福建高考，E篇）
But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
72．The underlined word“they”in the second paragraph refers to “______”．A．environments B．holidays
C．wages D．benefits
剖析：they应指代前面提到的名词，其前只有三个名词holidays，wages和benefits，而wages和benefits是用来叙述前面的those的情况的，因此本句中的they指代前面的句子的主语holidays。句意：但是假期是昂贵的，对于那些工资低或靠救济金生活的人们来说，假期通常是很难得到的。所以B项正确。
▲根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义
有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分，分清搭配关系，是判断词义的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定画线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外，转折词but，让步条件状语从句以及unlike，in spite of，despite，however等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。如：（2012·山东高考，C篇）
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started.Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes.The story was picked up by the media，and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world.
69．What does the underlined phrase“teaching them the ropes”probably mean in
the text?
A．Passing them a rope.
B．Directing them to store food for winter.
C．Teaching them a lesson.
D．Showing them how to use the bridge.
剖析：该段的前两句主要介绍了松鼠慢慢适应过桥，并能看到松鼠教小松鼠们怎样过桥。其中，guiding their young 和teaching them the ropes为并列成分，都是松鼠教导小松鼠们怎样过桥的方法，所以D项正确。
▲利用构词法猜词
（1）根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”。
（2）根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet，comfortable hotel overlooking（俯瞰）the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.
后缀-ise/ize意思是“使成为……，使……化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
（3）根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries.Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。
We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor.Because of this，most people think that craft（手艺）no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产，规模生产”的意思。
▲根据上下文信息判断词义
根据上下文信息猜测词义题占此类题的绝大部分，做题时既要注意画线词前的信息，也要注意画线词后的信息，有时有参考价值的信息面会延伸到上下段落中。如：（2012·课标全国高考，A篇）
Try hands-on_science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike.They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building.When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun family science show，commonly found in these museums.
58．What does “hands-on science” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Science games designed by kids.
B．Learning science by doing things.
C．A show of kids' science work.
D．Reading science books.
剖析：由“Try hands-on science”部分倒数第二句中的“...while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building”可知，在这个博物馆里，孩子和成年人都可以动手操作。所以hands-on science是指“通过做事情学习科学”。B项正确。
▲根据常识判断词义
根据常识知识猜测词义时，要注意“度”，即：要在忠于原文信息的前提下，适当借助经验和常识来猜测词义，不能脱离原文中的实际进行夸大的猜测。如：
（2012·辽宁高考，B篇）
Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days.Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work.This
type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station（ISS）．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year.They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible.Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.They can communicate with family and friends by email，internet phone and through private video conferences.
60．What does the word“mimic”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Find. B．Copy.
C．Change. D．Lose.
剖析：根据“...they do things on Earth as much as possible” 可知，他们练习模仿他们在地球上的生活方式，所以B项正确。
误区警示
1．细节理解题易错点
如：（2012·上海高考，A篇）
Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile，around-the-world bicycle trip.White had two reasons for making this epic journey.First of all，he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity，which he did.He raised ￡70,000 for the British charity，Oxfam.White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world.He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.
White set off from Trafalgar Square，in London，on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later.He spent more than 1,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains.He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe，the Middle East，India，Asia，Australia，New Zealand and the Americas.Amazingly，he did all of this with absolutely no support team.No jeep carrying food，water and medicine.No doctor.Nothing! Just a bike and a very，very long road.
The journey was lonely and desperate at times.He also had to fight his way across deserts，through jungles and over mountains.He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees，all to help people in need.There were other dangers along the road.In Iran，he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had.The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia.For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him.This part of the trip was slow，hard work and depressing，but he made it in the end.Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.
65．When Phil White returned from his trip，he ______.
A．broke the world record
B．collected money for Oxfam
C．destroyed several bikes
D．travelled about 1,300 hours
【错混透析】根据文章第一段中的“He raised ￡70,000 for the British charity，Oxfam.”可知，他为该慈善基金会筹集了七万英镑。根据第二段中的“White set off from Trafalgar Square，in London，on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later.”可知，他历时299天才成功返回。而1,300小时是他骑自行车的时间，所以排除D项。根据第一段中“He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.”可知他不知自己是否已打破世界纪录，排除A项。根据第二段可以得知他骑坏了四套车胎和三条车链子，但并未提及整个自行车，所以排除C项。B项正确。
【解题指导】细节理解题常见错误类型：
（1）张冠李戴。把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。
（2）扩缩范围。英语文章为了表达准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。
（3）无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。
（4）偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
（5）文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
2．推理判断题易错点
如：（2012·北京高考，D篇）
Wilderness
“In wilderness（荒野）is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous sa ying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched; more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation（开发）brings to such landscapes（景观）is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need —the rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven，these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
...
67．John Sauven holds that ______.
A．many people value nature too much
B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful
C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities
D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong
【错混透析】根据第二段中的“...the danger exploitation（开发）brings to such landscapes（景观）is real.”以及最后一句“To Mr.Sauven，these ‘ecosystem services’ far outweigh the gains from exploitation.”可以看出，Mr.Sauven认为这种“生态系统服务”已经远远超出了开荒的收获，所以他认为开荒是有害处的。B项正确。
【解题指导】推理判断题常见错误类型：
（1）未经推断。把文章中已经明确介绍或说明的内容误以为推理判断的结论。
（2）凭空想象。凭主观想象或自己的常识理解文章中的细节，而不是凭借文章信息进行推理，缺乏文章信息的支持。
（3）断章取义。能够找到文章的信息依据，但理解片面，缺乏思维的严密性。
3．主旨大意题易错点
如：（2012·山东高考，A篇）
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.
...
56．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries.
C．To show the importance of money.
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
【错混透析】文章第一段提到瑙鲁（岛）前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可知，作者的写作目的是引发其他国家对该岛的重视，以示警示。B项正确。
【解题指导】主旨大意题常见错误类型：
（1）以偏概全。要么抓不住文章的主题、脉络，理解偏离中心或断章取义、信息紊乱、不知所云，要么就是误把细节或具体事实当作文章的主题或只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。
（2）范围过大。归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。干扰项归纳、概括笼统，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
（3）主观臆断。做题时全凭自我感觉先入为主、自以为是。所选的答案往往超出文章的内容或背离作者的意图，以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
（4）繁琐冗长。不注意文章标题的特点，所选答案语言不够精练、精彩、吸引人。
4．词义猜测题易错点
如：（2012·浙江高考，A篇）
Easter（复活节）is still a great day for worship，candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs，but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.
And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change，and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.
42．The word “culprit”（Paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to ______.
A．criminal B．judge
C．victim D．producer
【错混透析】根据画线单词所在的句子可知，由于气候的变化，不断上升的温度至少对五种兔子产生有害的影响。可见，该词大意为“罪魁祸首”。A项正确。
【解题指导】词义猜测题常见错误类型：
（1）望文生义。仅仅理解了单词或短语的字面意义，而忽略了其真实的内在意义。
（2）缺乏依据。忽视画线词语所处的特定语境和上下文的信息提示。
一、社会文化、生活故事类
A
The professor heard a light knock on his door.Back in Canada，he always left his office door slightly open when he was in the office，but it wasn't common here in China.His university had given him a big modern office，a free apartment close to the campus，and a good salary.That was the reward for teaching in a rural area.His students weren't the best，but many of them were very appreciative.They'd often give him gifts to show their appreciation：chocolates，sandwiches，cookies and even whiskey.
He opened the door and welcomed the student into his office.The student wasn't one of his best，but he tried hard and was never absent from class.The student was not an English major，but seemed really eager to improve his English.
The professor was a little surprised to see him because his students didn't visit very often and this student had never visited him before.He could see that the student appeared to be very excited，but he had no idea why.The student wanted to show him his TOEIC score.The Test of English for International Communication was a very important test in China.In fact，many employers required a minimum TOEIC score for job applicants.The highest possible score was 990 and many employers demanded a score of 800 or higher.The TOEIC listening and reading test was divided equally into two parts：495 for listening and 495 for reading.
The professor looked down at the student's test score.The result was a big surprise.The listening score was 330 and reading was 295 for a combined total of 625.Expecting to see a much higher score，the professor wasn't quite sure what to
say.Should he congratulate the student on his score？Should he just thank him for sharing the TOEIC result with him?
Sensing the professor's hesitation，the student interjected，“You don't understand.Before I took your class I couldn't speak English.I had no confidence.But now I can speak.Thank you for everything.”
Now the professor understood.He'd made a real difference in the life of this student and the student just wanted to show his appreciation.The professor now knew what to say.“You're welcome.I'm glad you've made so much improvement.Keep up the good work.”
As the student left，the professor knew that of all the moments in his teaching career，this was one he would never forget.It was a special moment，a moment which made him realize that he could make a big difference in his students' lives.Without doubt，he had chosen the right profession.
1．We know from the first paragraph that ______.
A．the professor is now working in Canada
B．the door of the professor's office was closed
C．the professor wasn't used to working in China
D．the students in the university，though not the best，are rich
2．The underlined word “interjected” in Para.5 can be replaced by “______”．A．refused B．broke up
C．puzzled D．cut in
3．Why did the student come to visit the professor?
A．To practise oral English with the professor.
B．To show his TOEIC score to the professor.
C．To show his appreciation to the professor.
D．To ask the professor to change his score.
4．What's the best title for this passage?
A．A foreign professor.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．A keen English learner.
D．Appreciation makes a big difference.
B
It is not so long ago that the extended family lived under the same roof.Children grew up knowing their cousins，aunts and uncles，grandparents，and other relatives.These children felt connected.
In these not too long ago times people were connected to their food.Most people grew their own vegetables and fruit.Many families had a house cow for milk，cheese，butter and cream.Most families also had meat animals.When visitors came unexpectedly，dad would kill the chicken for dinner.Everyone was involved in cooking and mealtimes were a social event.When the meal ended，most of the family was involved in cleaning up and washing up.How different is the situation today?
The fast life is all around us—fast food，fast cars，fast conversations，fast families，fast holidays.Our fast-paced life has weakened these connections.We hav e been fooled into thinking we need，or even must be fast and have what the “fast life” gives us.As a result，stress is leading to many new health problems.
The solution is the Slow Movement.It aims to address the issue of “time poverty” through making connections.It supports a growing cultural shift towards slowing down.It has spread to more than sixty countries and become a worldwide movement.
The Slow Movement tells us that we need to slow down and connect with our life.We need connection to people—ourselves，our family，our community，our friends，—to food，to place（where we live），and to life.
By being part of the Slow Movement，many people have known how they lost connection to most aspects of their life and to the natural world and rhythms around them.And more importantly，they have reconnected—they have lived a new connected lifestyle.
1．The writer implies that the family in the past ______.
A．shared the similar value
B．lived in small houses
C．lacked food
D．were big
2．If we are connected to our food，we ______.
A．buy our food by ourselves
B．prepare and cook our food by ourselves
C．eat each meal slowly
D．enjoy our mealtimes with other family members
3．According to the writer，many people have ______.
A．benefited from fast life
B．unwise opinions about fast life
C．got used to fast life
D．diseases caused by fast food
4．What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To support a world-wide movement.
B．To support traditional cultures.
C．To explain the disadvantages of disconnected life.
D．To explain the importance of making a connection.
C
Jets will be forbidden to take off or land across South Korea and anxious parents will pray while their children take annual exams that could lead them to one of the country's top universities and eventually a good job for life.As well as prayers at churches and temples in this country of 50 million people，the 690,000 students who sit the exams on Thursday have been increasing their chances by eating toffee（太妃糖），to help the right answers stick，and staying away from bananas and seaweed （海藻），which might make them blunder in the tests.
“I have been so stressed just looking at other mothers send their children off to good colleges，”said Kwon Jeong-hee，whose son is taking the so-called CSAT tests for the second time.Kwon was praying at the Jogyesa Buddhist temple in downtown Seoul，which has held special prayer meetings for parents of CSAT exam takers.Many anxious parents have been praying for weeks，if not months.“I haven't allowed guests into my home recently because of superstitions（迷信）against strangers，and I don't let my son eat seaweed soup because it can cause one upset，”she said.
The exams are a major event here，and society tries to make things easier for stressed students.During oral tests，jets will be banned from taking off and landing，and drivers are forbidden from sounding their horns.Police vehicles will even take late-running students to the exam rooms.Even the stock（股票）exchange will open an hour late to reduce the chance that students will be caught in traffic on the way to the exams.
“The mothers are more anxious than the children，”said Yu Mi-ran，who has prayed daily at the church in central Seoul for over 20 days for her daughter.Along with toffee，students are given presents of forks to help them “stab” the correct answers，
while toilet paper is also good luck as in Korean it is called “pul-da”，a homonym （同音词）for “solve”．Porridge is also a banned food for test takers as “cooking porridge” in Korean is also slang for “messing up”．
1．According to the passage，CSAT exam takers had better eat more ______.
A．porridge B．toffee
C．seaweed D．bananas
2．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．many Korean parents are superstitious
B．Kwon Jeong-hee doesn't care for her son
C．porridge affects the natural growth of young people
D．young people usually don't worry about their future
3．The author's attitude towards parents who pray for their children could be described as ______.
A．negative B．positive
C．critical D．objective
4．The und erlined word “blunder” in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by “______”．
A．fail B．sleep
C．spot D．succeed
D
Carol Wang and Emily Ellenberger live 7,000 miles apart，but the teenagers share many similarities.Both are attentive，determined，sociable and computer-savvy.Yet once the school bell rings，the differences between the two college-bound students' experiences are striking.
Carol's school in China is sharply focused on math and sciences.In one day she takes two math classes，two physics classes and three chemistry classes.In Emily's school in Maryland，interest in these subjects is dwindling（变小）．Much of Emily's school time is active—oral exams，lab work and yearbook.In China，Carol's teachers deliver rote lectures，a style known as tianya，the Chinese w ord for force-feeding a duck.Emily leaves the classroom for field hockey practice at 2：10 p．m.，while Carol sits at her desk for another two hours，interrupted only by a class in physical education.
But at the end of the day，which student is smarter？Which system will produce the most successful generation of young adults?
The answers are debatable（有争议的），but there is no denying Chinese motivation in the fields of math and science.In China，almost 40 percent of students study engineering，and more are entering the field.By contrast，only about 5 percent of American students currently major in engineering and those numbers have been on the decline for the last 15 years.
“I think that science education has sort of been spinning_its_wheels in America，”said Howard Putt erman，a biology teacher at Quince Orchard High School，Emily's school.“I have at least 15 to 20 kids a year who flat out tell me，‘science isn't my thing.I don't like it.I'm not good at it.’”
Soon Carol and Emily will be going to college.Carol wants to study biology；Emily wants to play field hockey，and perhaps major in business or design.“American kids are more independent than Chinese kids，”said Carol's father.“They have their own opinions，and they're quicker to adapt to society when they grow up.”
1．Compared with Emily Ellenberger，Carol Wang is ______.
A．more attentive
B．less determined
C．more able
D．less active
2．The underlined part “spinning its wheels” in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A．making great progress
B．making useless efforts
C．moving the cars' wheels
D．having great development
3．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．More and more Chinese students study engineering.
B．Emily is far smarter than Carol in the future.
C．Carol's and Emily's fathers are living in China.
D．It's difficult to find a job as an engineer in China.
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Carol and Emily Working Hard for College
B．East Meets West in the Classroom
C．Different Systems Have the Same Results
D．Carol and Emily Study Far Apart
二、史地、自然、科普、新闻类
A
The space view from the International Space Station may be a little sharper for some astronauts now.
When NASA's space shuttle Discovery arrived at the station on Saturday，it was carrying a handful of new superfocus glasses.These glasses are designed to let astronauts who wear glasses focus on objects at various distances by moving a slider on the bridge.
“The new glasses could be a big help to astronauts，many of whom have aging eyes，”researchers said.“I think this is going to be a significant improvement for some individuals，”said C．Robert Gibson，a vision consultant in NASA.
“The average age of the astronauts in NASA today is 48，”Gibson said，“and as a result many suffer from presbyopia（老花眼）．Simple tasks like reading can become a challenge.”
The solution fo r many middle-aged people is to get reading glasses.But these options have shortcomings，such as distortion（失真），or a limited field of view，Gibson said.
“Superfocus glasses take a different approach.They are built using a set of front lenses to hold the wearer's distance prescription，while inner lenses contain a clear fluid.Moving a slider on the glasses' bridge adjusts this fluid，allowing people to focus on objects that are nearby or in the middle distance，”company officials said.
The result，according to Gibson，is a sharp distortion-free image at a variety of https://www.doczj.com/doc/9514115519.html,ers can shift from reading a book，for example，to looking across a room just by sliding the bar.
Superfocus glasses may indeed help middle-aged astronauts read the station's many instrument panels，but the glasses do have their limits.They can't be worn on spacewalks，for example.“Astronauts can't adjust them in their spacesuits，” Gibson said.
1．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．Astronauts' aging eyes are no longer a big problem.
B．Astronauts have a better sight of the Earth from space.
C．Astronauts' sight problems will be cured in the near future.
D．Superfocus glasses will have a bright future among the elderly.
2．What do we know about the superfocus glasses?
A．They use the same lenses as reading glasses.
B．They make the sight distorted due to a limited field of view.
C．They provide vision at different distances with distortion.
D．They use both a set of front lenses and inner lenses.
3．What is the slider on the glasses used for?
A．Protecting the users' eyes.
B．Fixing the glasses in the spacesuits.
C．Holding the users' distance prescription.
D．Adjusting the fluid to help the users see more clearly.
4．What problem are the superfocus glasses facing?
A．They have some side effects.
B．They affect the wearer's health.
C．Astronauts can't wear them when space-walking.
D．Astronauts can't wear them in the middle distance.
5．Where can we most probably find this text?
A．In science fiction.
B．In a research paper.
C．In a travel magazine.
D．In a science news report.
B
On 13 August 1961 the East German government started building the Berlin Wall，which separated West from East Berlin.It was made up of large concrete walls，barbed wire and guard towers.
The East German authorities claimed that building the wall was important to defend Communist East Berlin from the capitalist western section of the city.They called West Germans fascists who still believed in Hitler.In reality，however，the Berlin Wall was built to stop thousands of East Berliners from emigrating（移居）to the free western part of the city in search of a new and better life.
When Berliners woke up on August 13,1961，their city had completely changed.The border to West Berlin had been closed.East German soldiers started putting up fences throughout the city.Telephone lines were cut and transportation connections between east and west were stopped.Within the next few months a strong concrete wall was built.
The wall was not only built straight through Berlin but also around the border to East Germany.All in all it was over 140 kilometers long and up to 4.5 meters high.Barbed wire，electric fences and trenches（战壕）were among the barriers that the wall contained.
Many Germans wanted to escape to West Germany because they saw that life there was better than that in the east.From 1961 to 1989，about 5,000 people tried to escape from East Germany.In the 28 years when the wall existed people tried to escape in many different and strange ways.At the beginning they crossed by simply climbing over the fences.As the wall became stronger and wider people tried to get to the west by crashing trucks into it or even by digging tunnels under the wall.Successful attempts also included an escape in a hot air balloon.
The East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all citizens of the German Democratic Republic could travel across the border freely.In the weeks and months that followed the wall was torn down.East and West Berlin became one undivided city.Almost a year later，on October 3,1990 East and West Germany were reunified.
1．The real purpose of the East Germans' building The Berlin Wall is to ______.
A．cut all the connections with West Germans
B．defend Communist East Berlin from the capitalist
C．stop East Berliners from moving to the western part
D．create a new and safe environment for the East Berliners
2．Which of the following statements about The Berlin Wall is CORRECT?
A．It in all existed for 28 years.
B．It was begun in 1961 and finished in 1989.
C．It was built by the West German government.
D．It was made up of large stones and guard towers.
3．Many East Germans tried to escape to West Germany regardless of their lives mainly because ______.
A．they were badly treated in East Germany
B．they couldn't connect with their family
C．they wanted to live a better life
D．they believed in Hitler
4．What does the fifth paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The poor living conditions of East Germans.
B．Ways for East Germans to escape to West Germany.
C．Reasons for East Germans to escape to West Germany.
D．The fighting conditions of East Germans to earn freedom.
5．East and West Berlin became undivided ______.
A．when the German Democratic Republic was founded
B．when all citizens could travel across the border freely
C．after East and West Germany were reunified
D．after the wall was torn down
C
Weather is the state of the atmosphere in a certain place at a certain time.Weather always changes and is different all around the world.It depends on many elements.It may be warm and sunny in one place but cold，windy and rainy somewhere else.
Temperature is one of the most important elements in our weather.How warm or cold it is depends on many factors.The temperature of the air is higher when sun rays hit the earth.Temperatures also vary from season to season.During the summer the earth's axis（轴）is tilted towards the sun，so the rays of the sun hit us more directly.The days are longer and we get more sunlight.
Temperatures also depend on altitude（海拔）．It gets colder when you are higher up in the mountains and it's warmer near sea level.The temperature decreases about 0.7 ℃ per 100 meters.Places near the sea usually have more moderate climates than areas far away from the coast.There the summers are very hot and winters very cold.
Air pressure is the weight of the air.Cold air is heavier and sinks to the ground while warm air rises.When air moves it produces wind.Air moves from high pressure areas to places where the air is not so dense.
Humidity is the amount of moisture（水蒸气）that is in the air.Warm air expands and can hold more moisture than cold air.When the air can hold no more moisture it forms small droplets called clouds.Meteorologists（气象学家）often measure the relative humidity in the air.That is the amount of water in the air compared to how much water the air at that temperature can really hold.Relative humidity can reach nearly 100%.The_air_is_completely_saturated_with_water.
Precipitation is what comes down to earth from the clouds in the atmosphere.The most common forms are rain and snow.Other forms include hail，sleet，drizzle.The amount of precipitation that a place gets is different and depends on many factors.Areas near the coast get more rain than places in inner regions.Sometimes high mountains stop wet air from getting to other places.
1．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Elements of the weather.
B．Temperatures of the weather.
1、 My uncle and aunt's biggest dream was to own a farm. When they were fed up ①_________ their life in the city last year, they bought a farm and began to live there. Last month, I paid a visit to them and lived on their farm for several ②_________ (day). Growing up in a city,I had never tried horse riding. While I was there, my uncle often rode a horse around ③_________ farm. One day, he suggested that I should try riding a horse,but I ④_________ (immediate) refused. "What will happen if I fall ⑤_________ the horse suddenly?” I thought. But my uncle insisted that I should have a try. He said that every man should try horse riding. But I did not climb on the horse that ⑥_________ (prepare) for me whatever he said. The next day. some people came to visit the farm. Among them was a 10-year-old boy ⑦_________ biggest dream was to ride a horse. ⑧_________ he had never tried horse riding,he wasn't afraid at all. He climbed on a horse and enjoyed himself very much. I was so ⑨_________ (shame) of myself when I saw that. I finally decided ⑩_________ (try). You know what? It wasn't as scary as I thought at all. 2、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “The only female giant panda in Britain ①(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being②(close) monitored, but it’s unclear ③she will give birth. It’s hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.” Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14, ④(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are ⑤only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several ⑥(time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth. Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult⑦(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (伪怀孕)”, during ⑧ their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not. The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain communication between the zoo and Scottish government ⑨(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda ⑩(direct) at the Royal
高考英语二轮复习策略 英语卷无论是考试形式、试题结构，坚持稳定为主，注重基础考查，重点考查考生“在特定语境中语言运用能力”，即运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。始终不变的重点知识，考生应该将其列为复习内容，同时抓牢基础知识，不要一味做偏、难、怪题。现提供以下三大点备考建议供参考： 一、回归基础，突出对主干知识的复习 高考英语改革虽然从强调知识考查向注重综合语言运用能力转变，但是还应认识到能力要有扎实的基础作为依托。尤其是到最后冲刺阶段更要重视基础知识的复习。一模后，一些考生普遍都有这样的感觉：很多题目“一看就会，一做就错”。造成这种现象的根本原因在于对基础知识的掌握不牢固。只有扎扎实实地从基础做起，才能“一看就会，一做就对”。英语基础知识包括词汇、语法、句型等。词汇复习应做到从不间断、反复巩固。除了记忆和理解之外，尤其要注意常用词汇的使用和辨析，以及一词多义的掌握。语法复习要理清基本概念，着重复习主干知识。比如，动词的时态、语态、语气，非谓语动词、情态动词等都是高考常涉及的知识点。但切记不要在钻研语法的难点上花过多时间，
英语语法不是数学公式，在不同的语境中用法就不同。 二、查漏补缺，强化专题训练 一模结束后，复习的重点要放在查漏补缺上。将做过的试卷整理后，建立错题档案，弥补知识漏洞，进行强化记忆和训练。比如，在建立错题档案时发现在非谓语动词、从句方面出错率比较高，就应该重点复习这方面的知识。不要注重记多少题，重要的是记住老师在课堂上对这些题的分析过程。抄录资料或刊物上的讲解也是值得推荐的方法。到考试前再回顾、反思、比较、消化，以期达到遇到同类试题不再出错的目的。复习中要加强题型专项训练，在训练中提高解题能力和解题速度；尤其要重视听力训练，所选听力材料不宜过难，语速要适中。复习中应适当加强对重点内容的强化训练和题后分析，提高“考点识别、寻找已知条件、排错求证”的思维能力。训练快速阅读的能力，提高带着问题快速搜索信息，根据上下文提示进行逻辑推断的能力。多读一些原汁原味的文章，通过广泛涉猎，培养英语语感，提高对词、句、篇的理解速度和准确度。专项训练要多、模拟测试要适当。 强调阅读语速是语言实际运用的主要特征之一，一般应保持在60wpm左右，按照“高中英语课程标准”要求，高中毕业时甚至应该达到70―80wpm.在平时训练中一定要注意 坚持阅读速度的要求。在真实语言环境中，所接触材料的篇
题型重组练(三) (建议用时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 (·浙江名校新高考研究联盟联考)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study. Almost two-thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)． Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem. The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
2012届高考英语二轮专题复习词汇系列（一） 【必会词汇】 时刻：dawn, deadline, instant, moment, by the time, from now on, in time, on time 时段：age, century, decade, future, interval, period, stage; contemporary, permanent, temporary, forever, meanwhile, for a time/ while, for the time being 频度：annual, daily, frequent, occasional, regular, monthly, weekly, yearly, occasionally, once, seldom, twice, at a time, at times, time and time again, now and then 时序：final, former, previous, afterward(s), ago, eventually, ever, first, gradually, immediately, just, last, late, later, next, shortly, since, soon, then 相关：介词: after, at, before, by, during, for, in, on, since, throughout, until, upon 动词: last, pass, run, take 连词: after, as, as soon as, before, hardly…when, no sooner…than, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while 天气：寒冷天气：frost, ice, snow, wind, freeze, cold, freezing, snowy, windy, 温热天气：heat, warmth, clear, dry, fine, fresh, hot, mild, sunny, warm 云雨天气：cloud, downpour, rain, rainbow, shower, storm, thunder, thunderstorm, lightning, pour, cloudy, cool, damp, rain, wet 雾：fog, mist, foggy 其他：climate, forecast, weather, changeable, terrible 自然灾害：名称：earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane, volcano, typhoon, 相关动词：blow, burn, burst, destroy, die, erupt, predict, rescue, ruin, shake, supply, survive 其他：ash, damage, danger, death, disaster, nature, survival, victim, dangerous, muddy, natural 天气(Weather) 相关话题 天气与人类的生活息息相关，谈论天气，是老百姓最关注的话题之一。在写作中weather涉及的主要内容有：a. Describing weather ( sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.) b. Understanding weather reports (conditions, temperature, rain, snow, wind, sun, cloud) c. Dressing for the weather (coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.) d. Extreme weather (storms, gales, hurricanes, etc.) 1. 常见描述天气状况的词汇有： rainfall(降雨), snowfall(降雪), storm(暴风雨), sandstorm(沙尘暴 ), temperature(气温 ), bright, clear, fine, sunny, windy, cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy(有雾的 ), cool, hot, dry, wet, warm, cold, chilly（寒冷的）, freezing, frost(霜冻)etc. 2. 谈论天气常用的句型： 1). Asking about the weather(询问天气情况) a). What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather today?/How is it today?今天的天气怎么样？ b) How do you like our weather? 你知道我们这儿的天气怎么样？ c). Is the weather always like this? 天气总是这样吗？ d). Is it always as cold as this? 天气总是这样冷吗？
2012届高三英语二轮专题复习----七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （1） Are you truly happy? 1 These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves．The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life． ● Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you h appy．Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value． ●Surround yourself with happy people． 2 On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious． ●When something goes wro ng, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity．Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor． ● 3 These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness． ● 4 You can treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance．Then you will be subconsciously（下意识地）putting yourself in a better mood． ●Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness．Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy． ●Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness． 5 A．It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way．B．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood． C．Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? D．It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself． E．Is true happiness hard to reach for most of us? F．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy． G．Speak your trouble out to your close friends openly． （2） You can never be too sure these days in the United States of your neighbours or even your customers!
2012高考英语第二轮复习策略 2011年，全国很多地区进入了新课改，新课改高考英语究竟怎么考？试卷结构如何？同学们该如何备考才能达到最佳效果？这些都是学校、英语教师、学生和家长都比较关注的一个热点话题。 整体上看，2011年各地新课改高考英语试卷都严格按照考试大纲和各省考试说明的要求编制，试题有较高的区分度。 试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路，始终坚持了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际”这一命题原则。单项填空题着重考查在语境中的语法运用和对词义的正确理解，不拘泥于单纯的知识点，而加强了对知识点综合运用能力的考查；完形填空更加注重篇章结构能力的考查，加强对“预阅”能力的考查，要从前后句和前后段的综合理解、推断中才能作出选择；阅读理解直接从文章中找答案的题目逐渐少了，主观推测的题目逐渐变了，出现“推测作者意图”的题目；改错题逐步弱化语法，增强篇章综合分析能力；书面表达从几种日常写作题型格式逐渐注重实际运用。 除此之外，部分省市的试卷中采用了新题型或在原有的题型上做了一些新的调整，从命题上更加“注重基础、强调应用、突出语篇、注重交际”，试题越来越注意题目设置的巧妙、灵活性、通用性、应用性、社会性。越来越注意对学生能力的考查，渗透着新课改的思想。 变化篇：重基础→考点考查，稳中求进，尝试新题型。 通过认真分析2011年新课改后全国各省（市、区）的高考英语试题，新课改后各省（市、区）的高考英语试题有一些共性，也有一些差异。 基础知识：英语知识运用测试的内容基本为单项填空（语法和词汇知识）和完形填空。差异性比较大的是广东省和陕西省。广东省测试的方向为语言知识及运用，内容分为完形填空测试和语法填空测试两个板块。陕西省在英语知识运用方面测试的方向为语音知识（满分5分）、情景对话（满分5分）、单项填空（满分15分）和完形填空（满分30分）。 阅读理解：在阅读理解方面大部分地区测试的形式相同。安徽、福建、浙江等3个地区阅读篇数为5篇；宁夏、海南、吉林、黑龙江、山东、陕西、北京、江苏、天津、辽宁等10个地区阅读篇数为4篇；广东、湖南、上海等3地区阅读理解只有3篇。广东省在阅读方面增加了信息匹配试题，即阅读一篇应用文及相关信息，按照要求匹配信息。湖南省在写作中增加了任务型阅读和阅读表达。上海市把阅读分为四个板块来测试，包括完形填空、阅读理解、选择标题和读写阅读。
第三组 (建议用时：45分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Strange Wedding Traditions around the World Flinging raw rice and breaking a glass underfoot may seem like strange ways to celebrate a marriage, at l east if you’re not used to American customs. Strange as some U．S. wedding traditions may be, they certainly cannot take the (wedding) cake for overall wedding weirdness.Those honors go to these 5 strange wedding traditions around the globe. Blackening of the Bride and Groom (Scottish) For Scotland’s tradition of blackening of the bride, which has expanded to now include the groom, absolutely anything goes. This includes tars, feathers, pillow stuffing, dirt, rotting food, sour milk, flour—you name it and you get it, you can certainly pile it on.The blackening takes place prior to the wedding, which at least spares the tux (无尾礼服) and the wedding dress, but any time or location is fair game.Once blackened, the lucky newlywed-to-be is paraded through the streets or tied to a tree as said “friends” announce the wedding.Blackening suppose dly prepares the person for any humiliation (羞耻) that life has yet to bring, as nothing could be as humiliating as being blackened. Breaking Dishes (German) Throwing plates is typically something you do after you’ve been married a few years, unless you’re from Germany.The wonderful tradition of breaking dishes actually takes place prior to the wedding at the rehearsal dinner.Tradition says the more dishes you break, the more good luck the new bride will receive.This counts double if she’s lucky enough to get a brand new set of china as a wedding gift.After this part, the bride and groom join forces to sweep up the mess, a gesture that ensures nothing will ever get broken in their home again. Keep Your Feet on the Floor (Irish) Irish legend has it that the bride must keep her feet on the floor while she’s dancing with the groom to ensure little fairies attracted by her beauty won’t kidnap her.The quick and clever fairies are always eager to get their hands on beautiful things, and legend says the bride has long been a prime target. Irish legends throughout the ages full of tales of fairies stealing brides, although it’s not clear where the brides end up and if the destination is better than where she planned to spend her honeymoon. Passing a Rolling Pin(擀面杖)(Polish) How many Polish people does it take to pass a rolling pin? It depends on how many people are at the Polish wedding! The tradition is pretty much what it sounds like，as people stand in a circle and pass a rolling pin from one person to the next，but there’s a rule—no hands are allowed，and each person must grad and then pass the pin along using only their legs.While it is not immediately evident what the tradition means or why people do it，it is evident it would be great video to capture for future generations to enjoy. No Bathroom Breaks for Three Days(Tidong tribe，Northern Borneo) Can your bladder (膀胱)really explode? Folks who follow a marriage tradition in Northern Borneo put this question to the test.Newlyweds in the Tidong tribe must stay in their home for three days—without a single bathroom break.That means no No.1, no No.2 during this three-day period. The background of this tradition is extremely unclear... as is the feeling people probably get after not relieving
2018届高考英语二轮复习专题 mother died ____ hungry and cold Afrom,of Bof,from Cfrom,from Dofof 6 If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither Ainto Bafter Coff D out of 7 This is a mon mistake ____ students A between Bover C among D about 8 My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old Afor Bto Cat Das 9 _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy A At, in B On, with C After, by D /, over 10I don’ t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics A after, on B after, with C behind, in D behind, at 11 Nobody knows it ____ me A except for B except that C besides D but 12 The windois never opened ____ in summer A but B except C except for D but for 13 It happened ____ the Long March A during Bin Cat Dfor 14 We go to school ____ a bike Ain Bon Cby Dove 15 It’s very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me Aforfor Bof,of Cof,forDfor,of 16 Fresh air is good ____ your health Aat Bfor Cof Dto 17The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to
高考英语二轮复习高考题型重组练（三） Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2019·青岛市质量检测] Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human-interest stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye. When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community. The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods. The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent，“ Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead，we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.” 体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：面对灾难，采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助别人 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。 1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey? A．They volunteered to make bread for their community. B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store. C．They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.
高考英语二轮复习策略 高三英语复习在如火如荼的进行着，同学们的复习效果可谓是冰火两重天，有的同学掌握了英语的学习规律，复习的十分轻松，有的同学因为不得法，整天向我抱怨英语难学，有的甚至因为英语的瘸腿而与名牌大学失之交臂，许多家长也对孩子的英语是忧心忡忡。小编的八个必方法供同学们参考。 一、多听老师的，少自作主张 虽然同学们之前经历过很多考试，但高考对于我们来讲还是有些陌生。就算有些学生在高一、高二已经做过高考题，对于自己的知识缺陷到底有哪些，高考的重点是什么也不一定有非常清晰的了解。而高三的英语第一轮复习主要就是从语法和词法两个方面帮助大家梳理知识，并对应试策略加以指导。教高三的教师大都有着非常丰富的高考经验，也都会制定详细的教学计划，因此我们在安排自己的复习内容时要尽量和老师同步，把当天复习的内容彻底搞清楚，并辅以相应的练习加以巩固。遇到不会的，应该第一时间请教老师，千万不要留到最后甚至弃置不管。 二、多用碎时间，少搞大突击 英语学科是非常适合利用零碎时间来学习的。五分钟的时间能干什么?也许别的学科可以安排的复习活动并不多，但是英语却有很多。比如我们可以背单词，可以做一篇速读，
可以朗读一篇文章，可以做若干个单项选择，可以听听力，可以翻看任何英语的杂志、报刊甚至小说等。总而言之，时间是海绵里的水，挤挤总是有的。当然，如果我们要复习一个比较重要的语法项目，或者做一套英语试题的时候，我们也需要相对完整的时间，但基于语言学习的灵活性，同学们要培养语言学习的意识。Learning is anytime, anywhere with anyone。(学习无处不在)有些学生在制定自己的复习计划时，把一个星期中的七天分别给了不同的科目，这样做是不太科学的。正确的做法是每天复习两至三科为宜，而英语虽然持续时间不需要很长，但每天都接触确实十分必要的。A little bit every day makes perfect(点滴铸就完美)。 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 近几年的高考越来越重视同学们运用英语的能力，逐渐削弱了对于语法的考察。纵观一份高考英语试卷，单纯考察语法的题目几乎没有。善于观察的学生更会发现，即使是在语法聚集的单项选择题中，也是强调语境的理解。此外，还逐渐加大了词义、词语辨析的考察。完形填空的四个选项是没有语法的错误的，考察大家是否能够根据文章的意思，选择用法上最恰当的词。阅读理解更是考察大家对于篇章的理解。当然，语法并不是不重要，有很多重点的项目是需要同学们掌握的。只是提醒大家在复习的时候，要做到从语言的
2012年高考英语第二轮复习的技巧和策略 基础知识:英语知识运用测试的内容基本为单项填空(语法和词汇知识)和完形填空。差异性比较大的是广东省和陕西省。广东省测试的方向为语言知识及运用,内容分为完形填空测试和语法填空测试两个板块。陕西省在英语知识运用方面测试的方向为语音知识(满分5分)、情景对话(满分5分)、单项填空(满分15分)和完形填空(满分30分)。 阅读理解:在阅读理解方面大部分地区测试的形式相同。安徽、福建、浙江等3个地区阅读篇数为5篇;宁夏、海南、吉林、黑龙江、山东、陕西、北京、江苏、天津、辽宁等10个地区阅读篇数为4篇;广东、湖南、上海等3地区阅读理解只有3篇。广东省在阅读方面增加了信息匹配试题,即阅读一篇应用文及相关信息,按照要求匹配信息。湖南省在写作中增加了任务型阅读和阅读表达。上海市把阅读分为四个板块来测试,包括完形填空、阅读理解、选择标题和读写阅读。 书面表达:书面表达是新课标各地区都考查的一个方面,但是还是有一些差异。广东和北京是比较有特点的两个地区。广东考查的是基础写作和读写任务写作两部分,满分40分;北京考查的是情景作文和开放作文两部分,满分35分;其他几个地区考查的都是根据所给内容写一篇短文,满分25分(宁夏、海南、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、天津、辽宁、福建、湖南、江苏)或者30分(山东、陕西、浙江、上海)。 短文改错、单词拼写:短文改错和单词拼写已经逐渐被新的题型所替代。新课改省份只有陕西省既测试了单词拼写,又测试了短文改错;宁夏、海南、吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、浙江等6个地区考查了短文改错,测试的方式和以往的高考短文改错已经有所不同。广东、山东、安徽、天津、湖南、江苏、上海等7个地区测试的是读写任务、阅读表达、任务型读写、任务型阅读或者句子翻译等题型。上海测试了翻译句子。 从试题对学生英语能力的考查方向来说,新课改后各地区的英语试题重点在考查学生的听、读和写等三个方面的能力;考查学生运用英语知识来获取信息、处理信息和传达信息的能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力。从试题的模块设置上来看,对听力的考查是个大趋势,新课改后只有陕西在高考试题中没有设置听力测试,其余15个地区都考查了英语听力。英语知识运用(语法、词汇、完形填空等)、阅读理解和写作是英语考查的三个主要方面,以后可能会继续考查下去。读写任务、阅读表达、任务型读写、任务型阅读或者句子翻译等类型的试题会逐渐普及开来。单词拼写、语音知识、情景对话、短文改错很可能会慢慢的退出高考英语试题的历史舞台,被新的题型所替代。 策略篇:重基础→提能力,构建“点?线?面”的立体复习网络 新课标体系下的新高考其考查目的有别于传统模式下的高考,最主要体现的是对同学们使用英语能力的考查,强调在具体语言环境下,听力﹑单词﹑语法、阅读、写作等方面的“实战应用”。因此同学们在复习时的策略应在“用”字上下工夫。即“以用为本”。强调在具体语言环境下,单词语法、阅读、写作等方面的“实战应用”。下面针对具体的部分我将分别给出建议,供大家参考。 1. 听力:分场景听。分成不同的场景,进行专项训练。这样可以有效地总结相关的单词和句型。加深对单词与短语在具体某一环境的理解,并熟练掌握相关话题的出题点。做到遇词不生,遇景不慌。加强对广播和英语电视新闻的主题和大意理解。强化态度题和观点题训练。除平时坚持听力训练外,早自习读书强调读出声也是很重要的一方面。在二轮复习中,同学们可以根据各个话题进行专题训练。 (2)单词:分文章记。新课标的词汇要求:7级要求学会使用2 400~2 500个单词和300~400个习惯用语或固定搭配。8级要求学会使用3 300个单词和400~500个习惯用语或固定搭配。如何记这些单词呢?玖久《专项突破英语》的主讲专家肖鹏老师建议,应该针对不同的场景和