中南大学2009年考博英语试题

2009年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案4Part BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest。

9. A) Saturday morning B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning. D) Sunday afternoon.10. A) In October. B) She isn't certain.C) In April. D) Between April and October.2) 听短文（3段）Directions: In this section you will hear some short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段.11. How did the speaker and his wife get around in London?A) By taxis. B) By bus. C) On foot. D) By car.12. Which of the following places haven’t they been to during their stay in London?A) Buckingham Palace. B) Oxford Street.C) The National Gallery. D) The British Museum.13. What could they do in London that they can’t do at home?A) Have some very good meals. B) Go shopping.C) See some very good plays. D) Do sightseeing.14. Which of the following is NOT true about the couple?A) They thought English food is bad.B) They will visit London again.C) They visited London last October.D) They didn’t take their umbrella last year.第二段15. In which seasons is basketball played?A) Spring, autumn and winter. B) Autumn, winter and summer.C) Winter, summer and spring. D) Summer, spring and autumn.16. Why is basketball considered a school sport?A) Every student can play basketball well.B) Students play basketball every day.C) All schools and colleges have their basketball teams.D) Students are taught to play basketball at school.17. Which is the most popular sport in summer in America?A) Football. B) V olleyball. C) Baseball. D) Basketball.第三段18. What kinds of shops are mentioned in the United States and Europe?A) Shops that sell cats and dogs.B) Shops that take care of cats and dogs.C) Shops that provide medical treatment for pets.D) Shops that sell jewelry, clothing and food for pets.19. Why do most people own pets?A) to have good and friendly company. B) To make them live a good life.C) To keep away unwanted animals. D) To keep away loneliness.20. Do pets and people around the world all live in the same way?A) No, they don't. B) Yes, they do.C) It's hard to say. D) The passage doesn't tell.Part Two: 阅读理解(20% )Directions: There are FOUR passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段Among the more interesting things to observe as you travel in the world are the ways in which people conduct themselves at parties. In some countries men and women drift to opposite ends of the room and talk to one another; in others they sit in large chairs around the edge of the room and talk only to the people on either side of them, or silently eat and observe the scene.It is normal in some lands for a person to remain patiently silent until he has been introduced, then to talk only to those whom he has "met properly."As you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. At small gatherings they may sit down, but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room or better yet, a little before this point you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his feet (to fetch a drink or greet a friend or open a window) until soon everyone is standing, moving around, chatting with one group and then another. We expect people to move about and be "self-starters." It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves: they will drift around a room stopping to talk wherever they like, introducing themselves and their companions. If this happens, you are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with you; then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes the women do so as well, but often they merely nod and smile. A man usually shakes a woman's hand only if she extends it. Otherwise he too just nods and greets her.The basic rule at big parties is: don't stay in one place for too long. Pick out people who you think look interesting, then go talk to them. Women should not clusterin a group with each other or hide themselves away in a corner. They too move around the room either with their husbands or escorts or alone, whichever they prefer, unless they are strategically located (and attractive!) so that people keep coming up to them. The point of a party is to meet and talk with people; the fact that you are all there together under your host's roof is in itself a form of introduction in our view. As a result, anyone can feel free to talk to anyone else.When you first arrive at a large party, the host or hostess may introduce you to two or three people nearby, but if others are still arriving, he or she may then return to greet newcomers, expecting you to go on by yourself, moving from group to group. If this feels too uncomfortable and frightening, it is quite all right to say to someone, "I am a stranger here and know no one. Could you introduce me to some of the people?" Almost anyone will feel flattered that you turned to him for help and will gladly take you under his wing, introducing you and easing your discomfort.21. This article discusses ___.A) all kinds of parties B) people's activities at partiesC) all kinds of people at parties D) how people should behave at parties22. By saying "We expect people to move about and be “self-starters” the author suggests __.A) introducing yourself actively to other peopleB) being introduced by the host or hostessC) being introduced by other peopleD) starting out23. What's the author's attitude towards American's moving around at parties?A) Agreeable. B) Disagreeable. C) Critical D) Indifferent.24. From the last paragraph we know that ___.A) the host or hostess may introduce all the other guests to youB) you should not speak to strangersC) strangers are willing to introduce themselves to youD) strangers are willing to introduce you to others if you ask for their help25. From this article we can conclude that at parties __.A) we should stay aloneB) we should try to get ourselves known to more peopleC) we only talk to people we are familiar withD) we just nod and greet women but don't shake hands with them第二段It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. CarefulAmerican studies have disclosed the fact that 80 per cent of mothers cradle their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females, but not enough to provide an adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 per cent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but then so do 78 per cent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 per cent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heart-beat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated ("imprinted") on the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside. If this is so then the mother, either instinctively or by an unconscious series of trials and errors, would soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart, than on the right.26. The first paragraph mainly talks about ______.A) the correct ways to hold a babyB) the position in which most mothers hold their babiesC) the significant difference between right-handed and left- handed mothersD) the predominance of right-handedness in the population27. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The predominance of right-handedness could not fully explain why mostmothers hold their babies on the left sideB) Most mothers love to fondle, cuddle and clean their babies.C) There is a slight difference between right-handed and left- handed mothers inthe way of holding their babies.D) Most mothers hold their babies on the left side in order to keep their dominantright arm free to do other things.28. The word "emerges" in the first paragraph can best be replaced by ______.A) turns out B) looks like C) shows D) seems29. The word "it" in "especially as it has just been. . . " of the second paragraph refers to ______.A) the infantB) the mother's bodyC) the sound of the mother's heart-beatD) the rediscovery of the familiar sound30. We can learn from the passage that ______.A) most left-handed mothers hold their babies on the right sideB) only right-handed mothers prefer to hold their babies on the right sideC) the sound of the mother's heart-beat might have a calming effect on the babyD) it is after birth that the baby begins to get used to the sound of the mother'sheart-beat第三段Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.31. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) he has satisfied his hungerD) he has learned to build houses32. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans ______.A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles33. Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?A) A successful career. B) A cozy home.C) A good service. D) A family car.34. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?A)The more goods the better.B) The more mental satisfaction the better.C) The more“luxury” items the better.D) The more earnings the better.35. The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ______.A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable provided the government takes actions第四段The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the death on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological conditions of the drivers. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make aconscious effort to keep emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle-walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the ‘points of manufacture’and through periodic roadworthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.36. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicles is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.37. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because ________.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe38. The author mentions the psychological condition of the driver in paragraph 3 ________.A) to give an example of the various reasons for road accidentsB) to show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthyC) to show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchersD) to illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving39. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accident?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufacturers of automobiles.40. The author's attitude toward a future without traffic accident is ________.A) doubtful yet still longing for itB) happy and rather confidentC) surprised and very pleasedD) disappointed and deeply worriedPart Three: 完型填空(10% )Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with some blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sometimes it is better not to know the __ (41) __ of a country that you are visiting __ (42) __ it is to know just a little of it. The __ (43) __ is this: the natives of your __ (44) __ country will often rush to __ (45) __ you if you seem completely lost and helpless. But they will usually misunderstand your small __ (46) __ to speak their language. They will think that you know __ (47) __ more than you do. For example, I once asked three people __ (48) __ carefully memorized phrasebook Spanish how to get to a bus station in Mexico City. __ (49) __ each of them poured out a flood of __ (50) __ Spanish. The result was __ (51) __ I didn't understand a word and __ (52) __ around for an hour before I found the station. __ (53) __ I had missed the bus. The next time I encountered a(n ) __ (54) __ like this in another city, I was a lot __ (55) __, so I acted dumbly. Trying to look very pitiful, I __ (56) __ a stranger and asked simply, "Bus station?" He __ (57) __ told me how to get there; he showed me the __ (58) __, walking three blocks out of his __ (59) __ to help a poor, dumb and helpless __ (60) __.41. A) conventions B) customs C) people D) language42. A) if B) unless C) than D) when43. A) cause B) reason C) explanation D) account44. A) host B) home C) foreign D) visiting45. A) help B) show C) tell D) direct46. A) intentions B) attempts C) gestures D) motions47. A) a little B) no C) a lot D) many48. A) with B) by C) from D) in49. A) In fact B) In turn C) In reply D) In charge50. A) complicated B) detailed C) speaking D) academic51. A) then B) what C) so D) that52. A) wandered B) waited C) looked D) travelled53. A) Before long B) Soon after C) By then D) Just then54. A) accident B) chance C) opportunity D) situation55. A) smarter B) clever C) intelligent D) knowledgeable56. A) met B) stopped C) caught D) grabbed57. A) at once B) at first C) not only D) right away58. A) route B) road C) street D) place59. A) place B) house C) direction D) way60. A) loser B) stranger C) layman D) comerPart Four: 词汇及语法结构(20% )（20小题）Directions: In this part，there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.61. Eventually it ________ that not one word of his story to the police was true.A) came off B) came on C) came out D) came up62. The money I've saved is my ________ against hardship.A) safety B) choice C) luxury D) security63. Take a deep _________ and you will feel better.A) air B) look C) breath D) consideration64. The manager said that his secretary usually opened the _________ delivered to the office every morning.A) presents B) mail C) milk D) goods65. A man who lacks _________ will hardly achieve anything.A) luck B) solution C) resolution D) culture66. Jim told a joke which made the whole class ________ with laughter.A) roar B) reflect C) explain D) amplify67. The thieves ________ the papers all over the room while they were searching for the money.A) scattered B) scolded C) screwed D) scratched68. Some creatures, for example, lizards, can ________ lost parts of their bodies, but we human beings can not.A) produce B) reproduce C) develop D) cultivate69. I saw a thief take Norman's wallet, so I ran _______ him, but I didn't catch him.A) into B) after C) over D) near70. He died _______ his life work still unfinished.A) before B) but C) with D) while71. I cannot make an intelligent decision before I look into both sides of the question, ______.A) the dean cannot, too B) neither can the deanC) the dean can neither D) either the dean cannot72. Are you helping to organize the political convention?" "I'm in charge of welcoming the ______."A) out-of-town visitors B) visitors from outside of townC) visitors out-of-town D) outside town visitors73. ______ the book a second time, and you will probably have quite different interpretations of the events described in it.A) If you were to read B) Read C) As you read D) Reading74. ______ breaks the law will be fined or put in jail.A) No matter who B) Whoever C) Those who D) Whenever one75. He is such a careless person that I will be surprised ____________ he doesn't have an accident.A) whether B) if C) as long as D) on condition that76. I have the impression __________ all the pupils of this class are interested in English.A) which B) of which C) that D) of that77. ___________ at New York University, Peter was elected chairman of the student union and organized many exciting activities.A) When being a student B) When he is a studentC) As a student D) As being a student78. When a friend gave Jim a ticket, he ____________ to the game.A) couldn't help but go B) can't help but goC) couldn't help but going D) can't help but going79. ______ the people have become masters of their own country______ science can really serve the people.A) It is only then/that B) It was that/whenC) It is only when/that D) It was when/then80. ______ all his friends and money gone, he felt totally hopeless.A) For B) Since C) Because D) With（以上80题答案请写在答题卡上，谢谢）2009年金陵协和神学院研究生入学考试答题卡准考证号_____________ 1．41.2．42.3. 43.4．44.5．45.6．46.7．47.8．48.9．49.10．50.11．51.12．52.13．53.14．54.15．55.16．56.17．57.18．58.19．59.20．60.21．61.22．62.23．63.24．64.25．65.26．66.27．67.28．68.29．69.30．70.31．71.32．72.33．73.34．74.35．75.36．76.37．77.38．78.39．79.40．80.试卷B 写作及神学英语部分写作(10% 150字以上)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Living in the City or in the Country". The first sentence of each paragraph is given. Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words.1. Many people appreciate the convenience of the city.________2. The countryside is attractive with its rural scenes.________3. However, both the city and the country have their own disadvantages.________神学英语一、词汇（10%）要求给出简单的英文解释1. Ascension：2. Fideism:3. Providence:4. Merit:5. Immortality:二、阅读理解（15%，可用中文回答）A．For Asians, the spirituality of Christianity is more important than dogmatics defined and explained in Western rational categories. Christianity must be seen and experienced as a spiritual force. Asian Christian theologians argue that alongside the great religions of their continent, Christianity cannot continue to claim to be the one and only true religion. It is definitely a true religion, but God is ever greater and Gods’ presence has revealed itself through other spiritual traditions. Reflections on the story of Noah and God’s covenant made with humanity (Gn. 9:1-7) suggest that the growth and development of diverse cultures with their own religious traditions correspond to the great blessing pronounced by God after the flood. Because of God’s universal will to save (I Tm.2:4), it is unthinkable that God would exclude entire continents from divine love and care. God gifted each people with a specific wisdom and revelation. As the Christian scriptures are a source of divine revelation, so too in their way are the scriptures of the world religions.6. According to the passage, what is the feature of Asian Christianity? (2%)7. What is Asian Christian theologians’ attitude toward other religions? (5%)He held that God has with him from eternity his Word and his Wisdom. But for him these two simply coincide with the beginning of God and have nothing to do with the second and third persons of the Trinity. The Word, on the other hand, which in Jesus Christ became flesh, is a creature of God, created by him out of nothing before the beginning of time. Not that he puts the Son on the same plane with other creatures. According to him the Son is a perfect creature, but he is not a creature in the sense in which other creatures are. In referring to the Son as a creature, says he, one should not speak of a generation of the Son, since this would bring him too close to the Father. Only in a derivative sense should the word “generation” ever be used. Under no circumstances may any unity of substance between Father and Son be asserted. This is for him the worst heresy. What must be said instead is that God was not always Father, but that there was a time when he was alone and was not yet Father. Only later did he become Father. Immutability may not be asserted of the Son as it can of the Father. The Son may be called God, to be sure, but his divinity is not an attribute of his being. It is something bestowed upon him by God’s grace.8. What does the underlined word “Immutability” mean? (1%)9. According to the passage, what is the relationship between the Father and the Son? (6%)10. Whose point of view do you think is the passage concerned with? (1%)三、翻译（15%）请将划线部分译成汉语。

2009年6⽉研究⽣英语学位考试真题及答案2009年6⽉研究⽣学位英语考试真题及答案A卷Part I Listening Comprehension (25 MINUTES, 20 POINTS)Section A (1 point each)Direction: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation。

question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Visit her parents.B. Go to the dentist.C. Meet her professor.D. Have a job interview.2. A. Bob is majoring in history.B. Bob is a little boring.C. He likes Bob very much.D. They should invite Bob to the party.3. A. The flight was delayed.B. She didn't like the movies.C. She had seen both movies before.D. No movies were shown on her flight.4. A. It’s drier.B. It’s wetter.C. It’s abnormal.D. It’s an average year.5. A. Western.B. Horror.C. Science fiction.D. Action.6. A. Wait for MikeB. Ask Mike to come.C. Pick Mike up in the morning．D. Stop working for the day.7. A. She doesn’t like playing tennis．B. She was thinking the same as the man.C. She had something else in mind.D. She had suggested the same thing earlier.8. A. Matt wants to be cheered up.B. Matt has lost himself.C. Matt worries little about the game.D. Martha feels a little depressed.9. A. The man is a coward.B. The man is too careful.C. Martha likes chicken very much.D. Martha is not the right person for him.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the balks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause.. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given .by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Mr. Lee always wastes time in class．B. Mr. Lee likes talking about history.C. Mr. Lee always feels bored in class．D. Mr. Lee is a little funny.11. A. Boring.B. Satisfactory.C. Inconsistent.D. Inspiring.12. A. Jim has taken a low end job.B. Jim has got a well-paid job.C. Jim is not hopeless in finding a job．D. Jim is desperate in finding a job.Mini-talk Two13. A. The control of drug trafficking in the United States．B. The anti-drug war about the border between Mexico and U.S．C. The investigation of the death of a retired U.S．general.D. The fight of corruption inside Mexican police.14. A. The criminal groups are growing very rapidly.B. The criminal groups can get more profits now.C. Mexican government has not been serious about the drug trade.D. Mexican government is effective in fighting the drug trade.15. A. 6,000B. 10,000C. 45,000D. 54,000Section C（1 point each)Directions; In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording, you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.请在录⾳结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. For best results with the least risk, tomatoes should be planted when _________.17. Some larger tomatoes may need at least a meter and a half __________．18. The average air temperature should be about _________Celsius．19. There was a time when people thought tomatoes _________，which is not true.20. Some fruits may be called “vegetables” because they are used in delicious foods instead of__________.Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets onyour ,machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21．People who work overtime at any job are more likely to sustain a work-related injury than those who work their regular hours.A. maintainB. endureC. supportD. suffer22. These instruments are so powerful as to enable them to ascertain many facts of the deepest interest.A. put outB. find outC. wear outD. turn out23. Kunz looked set to become a star in his field, but he gave it all up after these failures.A. fixedB. stereotypedC. determinedD. built24. In the disciplines underlying our high-tech economy, America is steadily losing its global edge.A. borderC. appealD. territory25. The Chinese economy is less affected, so there is no reason to take a dim view of economic growth.A. pessimisticB. blackC. vagueD. positive26．The spacecraft touched down on schedule and the astronauts were helped out of it.A. launched B．operated C. landed D. crashed27. In the tropic rainforest there is a wide range of species peculiar to this area.A. specificB. oddC. distinctD. familiar28. The officer distributed among the youngster all the blankets and provisions, withholding himself only a canteen.A. keeping offB. keeping backC. keeping atD. keeping up29．These graduates are more than obliged to the college for the happy four years of college life.A. obligatoryB. reluctantC. indifferentD. grateful30. Regular exercise can keep you energetic and contribute to a productive life in the long run.A. athleticallyB. successivelyC. ultimatelyD. persistentlySection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Observers commented that loss of independence was too high a(n) _________ to pay for peace.A. costC. expenditureD. price32. The journalist who had set out to obtain these important facts__________a long time to send them.A. spentB. tookC. passedD. consumed33．Telling your doctor about all the medicines you take may help avoid serious drug_________．A. interactionsB. interruptionsC. interventionsD. institutions34. Two dozen New Yorkers stood on the platform at the subway station, __________briefcases and newspapers·A. clippingB. clutchingC. clashingD. clarifying35．Each __________ effort a baby makes at speech is a sign of intellectual development.A. cordialB. compactC. clumsyD. chronic36. Iran has expanded its uranium enrichment activities__________ UN demands to scrap its nuclear-related programs·A, in defiance of B. in line with C. in return for D. in relation to37．China moved to ________ its grain production when its grain output had kept declining for five consecutive years．A. turn upB. take upC. step upD. make up38．The most interesting thing ________ Americans is that they are brought up to believe they are the best at evervthing.A. withB. inC. fromD. about39. The dean asked the secretary if there were enough people _________to hold a faculty meeting.A. on purposeB. on endC. on handD. on average40. Visitors to this war museum are ___________ to see photos of mass massacre by Japanese soldiers．A. amazedB. startledC. wonderedD. startedPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It's a new world, and we barely seem to have noticed. Places we ____41_____ with inexpensive low-end manufacturing are going high-tech in a big ____42_____. The spotlight is mainly in China and India, for good_____43______. The Chinese economy is surging, ___44___ by increasingly sophisticated engineering, with products____45____ from automobiles to semiconductors. India has nearly as _____46_____ an economy, powered by a cheap English-speaking labor force who ____47____ in software and services.Along with these ____48_____ giants，countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore are also challenging America’s _____49_____ . If present trends continue, 90% of all the world’s scientists and engineers will be living in Asia_____50_____ 2010, according to Nobel Prize winner Richard E. Smalley, professor of chemistry and physics at Rice University:41. A. deal B. associate C. communicate D. concern42. A. scale . B. route C. Way D. dimension43. A. reason B. purpose C. effect D. health44. A. checked B. burned C. fueled D. extinguished45. A. varying B. differing C. changing D. ranging46. A. tragic B. drastic C. dynamic D. static47. A. surpass B. excel C. overtake D. bypass48. A. emerging B. diverging C. submerging D. merging49. A. manipulation B. presidency C. constitution D.dominance50. A. until B. in C. by D. beforePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneHeadphones used with MP3 digital -music players like the iPod may interfere with heart pacemakers（起搏器）and implantable defibrillators（除颤器），U.S．researchers said. The MP3 players themselves posed no threat to pacemakersand defibrillators, used to normalize heart rhythm. But strong little magnets inside the headphones can foul即the devices if placed within 1.2 inches of them, the researchers told an American Heart Association meeting in New Orleans．Dr. William Maisel of the Medical Device Safety Institute in Boston led a team that tested eight models of MP3 player headphones，including clip-on and ear-plug types, in 60 defibrillator and pacemaker patients．They placed the headphones on the patients' chests，directly over the devices．The headphones interfered with the heart devices in about a quarter of the patients⼀14 of the 60⼀and interference was twice as likely in those with a defibrillator than with a pacemaker. Another study presented at the meeting showed that cellular phones equipped with wireless technology known as Bluetooth are unlikely to interfere with pacemakers.A pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart to speed up or slow heart rhythm. The magnet, however, couldmake it deliver a signal no matter what the heart rate is, the researchers said.An implantable defibrillator signals the heart to normalize its rhythm if it gets too fast or slow. A magnet couldde-activate it, making it ignore an abnormal heart rhythm instead of delivering an electrical shock to normalize it.The devices usually go back to working the right way after the headphones are removed, the researchers said."The main message here is: it's fine for patients to use their headphones normally, meaning the⼣can listen to music and keep the headphones in their ears．But what they should not do is put the headphones near their device,，，Maisel said in a telephone interview.So that means people with pacemakers or defibrillators should not place the headphones in a shirt pocket or coat pocket near the chest when they are not being used, and should not place them over their chest or have others who are wearing headphones rest their head on the patient's chest, Maisel said.51. How can MP3 digital music players hinder pacemakers and defibrillators?A. P3 players can interfere with heart pacemakers and defibrillators．B. The magnets inside the headphones can interfere with pacemakers and defibrillators．C. The loud music beats pose a threat to pacemakers and defibrillators．D. MP3 players are placed too close to pacemakers and defibrillators．52. Dr. William Maisel’s tests showed that ___________.A. headphones had interference with the heart devices in every patientB. half of the models of MP3 player headphones had interference with heart devicesC. headphones had much stronger interference with a defibrillator than with a pacemakerD. headphones had much stronger interference with a pacemaker than with a defibrillator53．Bluetooth is mentioned as an example of cell phones that _____________.A. have little interference with the heart devicesB. are used in the tests in Dr. William Maisel’s studyC. are equipped with wireless technologyD. will replace the MP3 player headphones54. The magnets inside the headphones can cause problems by _________.A. sending out electrical shock to damage heartsB. sending out signals to make hearts beat too slowC. seeding out signals to make hearts beat too fastD. making the heart devices malfunction55. People with pacemakers or defibrillators should __________.A. never use MP3 digital music playersB. not use MP3 headphonesC. not use the headphones near their heartsD. put the headphones in a pocket when they are not being used56. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to ___________.A. report the effects of cell phones on heartsB. warn people not to use modern gadgetsC. compare different headphone productsD. inform people of the safe use of MP3 playersPassage TwoCyber crime is likely to bring about as much destruction as the credit crisis in the coming years if international regulation is not improved, some of the world’s top crime experts said Damage caused by cyber crime is estimated at $100 billion annually, said Kilian Strauss, of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)．"These criminals outsmart us ten, or a hundred to one,，，Strauss told Reuters, adding more Internet experts were needed to investigate and tackle cyber crime.Criminal organizations are exploiting a regulatory vacuum to commit Internet crimes such as computer spying, money-laundering and theft of personal information, and the scope for damage is vast, experts told a European Economic Crime conference in Frankfurt. "We need multilateral understanding, account and oversight to avoid, in the years to come, a cyber crisis equivalent to the current financial crisis,”Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, said.Internet crime is also a threat to national security, they said. Several countries, including the United States, have voiced concern over some hackers’ abilities to electronically spy on them’and disrupt computer networks．Calls for greater regulation of the Internet come at a time of regulatory renaissance, with policymakers looking to support the powers of financial sector watchdogs in the wake of the global financial crisis．"Because of the transnational nature of identity-related crime, and especially of cyber-crime, if we do not tackle the crime everywhere we will not solve it anywhere,” Costa said. The President of Interpol, Khoo Boon Hui, said increasingly highly technological gangs from Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa ～coming up with ever～sophisticated ways of swindling money from vulnerable people. He also said there was a trend of company bosses being bribed by fraudsters claiming to have guilty evidence about their firms.Strauss, who works as Senior Program Officer at the Office of the Coordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental activities, said Internet crime watchdogs could learn a lot from criminals willing to switch sides．57. The main idea of the passage is that _________.A. cyber crime is as destructive as the credit crisis in the coming yearsB. damage caused by cyber crime is very serious and will get worseC. to fight cyber crime requires enhanced international regulationD. international organizations should be established to crush cyber crime58. According to Kilian Strauss, _____________.A. cyber criminals are 10 or 100 times smarter than Internet expertsB. Internet exerts are 10 or 100 times smarter than cyber criminalsC. as cyber criminals are very smart, more experts are needed to light against themD. the investigation of the cyber crime takes time and money59. Criminal organizations can commit internet crimes because _________.A. there is no effective regulationB. they can exploit the present regulationsC. no country has paid enough attention to themD．the current financial crisis has put the authorities at a loss60. To win the war against cyber crime; __________.A. policymakers should support their governments financiallyB. each country should solve its own problems effectivelyC. United States should play a very important roleD, international cooperation is crucial61. The underlined word swindling (in the 5th paragraph) is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. bribingB. cheatingC. corruptingD. robbing62. Straus believes that ___________.A. Internet security experts can learn a lot from cyber criminalsB. if cyber criminals will cooperate with the police, they can be helpfulC. Internet crime watchdogs will make cyber criminals shift groundsD. international」organizations can solve the problems of cyber crimePassage ThreeIt's hard to know who to trust these days．When we see people staging protests we think, Wow！These folks are passionate about their cause⼀otherwise, why would they stand in the rain for hours？But sometimes it's a show: You and even your Congressman may have been raised to power by manipulative marketers who pay serious money to hire protesters.It's a mean trick. Let's say you want to stage a political rally, but you just can't find enough people for a good turnout. What you need are folks with lots of time on their hands, who can be persuaded to make a fuss over almost anything. Solution: Head down to a homeless shelter and take out cash.No joke⼀hiring the homeless is catching on. Last October, a Georgia activist pushing a state law to crack down on illegal immigrants paid 14 homeless men ＄10 each to hold signs and march around. It worked. People thought the rally was genuine⼀a local radio station even broadcast it live. But listeners had no idea this was just a crowd for hire.Pay for rage works⼀the homeless get a little income and the lobbying group gets a crowd. The only losers are citizens and. the media, who think the whole show is legitimate. After 'a Phoenix TV station recently noticed rallies featuring the homeless, they asked some of the protesters, who were holding signs about a local labor dispute, what they were upset about. Many had no idea. "All we do is stand out here and hold the signs，，’said one.Some bold organizers have been known to "borrow'’ people's names. In one case a few years ago, members of Congress were swamped with telegrams about a telecom bill. But some constituents were confused when they got phone calls from their concerned Congressmen⼀because they'd never written in to begin with. It turned out that thousands of the telegrams were faked by a telecom-industry PR firm. And guess what? No aspect of this campaign appears to have violated Postal Service regulations．That means your name could be used next in support of a corporate cause you've never heard of. All of this amounts to a corruption of our democratic system: You can't trust someone who's calling you about a political issue, and if you write to your Congressman, he might not trust that you haven't been manipulated.Maybe the solution starts with unmasking all those protest rallies that are just outrage-for-hire purchased down at the local shelter.63. From the first paragraph it can be learned that _________.A. those protesting in the cold rain are respectableB. most Congressmen were elected by fake votesC. in come cases protesters are hiredD. people staging protests are passionate64. Which of the following statements is true？A. The homeless tend to organize protests and rallies．B. Political rallies are sometimes manipulated by power and money.C. The homeless are to blame for deceiving the public and media.D. Political rallies attended by the homeless are on the decline.65．The passage implies that sometimes _________.A. people were deceived into believing that this was a real and legal rallyB. the hired protesters. knew clearly what they were pushing forC. such protests have never attracted any attentionD. organizers paid generously for these protesters66. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 "pay for rage works" means that _________.A. organizers of such rallies have to pay the participantsB. expressing anger can lead to good solutionsC. the homeless have to be paid moreD. hiring people to show your outrage is effective67. To shape the Congressmen's opinion, a telecom-industry PR firm ___________.A. asked the constituents to send telegrams to the CongressmenB. wrote to local residents for supportC. tried to violate Postal Service regulationsD. sent telegrams to the Congressmen in the names of local constituents68. Protest rallies of this kind might result in ___________.A. business deceptionsB. disappearance of political trustC. the increase of the homelessD. the collapse of a political partyPassage FourIt had been a long, brutal day on the sales floor for young Brent. He'd had his share of "ups"-what retail salespeople say when it's their turn with the next customer-and more than his share of downs．And now he was in danger of being shut out for the day.He hadn't been shut out in a long rime. Even in his early days with the company, he could always sell something to someone. He was a natural. But not on this day. This，of course, exposed him to some good-natured ridicule from his associates，who took not-so-secret delight in seeing the sales genius get his stroke of misfortune.Brent had more at stake here than just professional pride and reputation, however. Brent was a new father: He and his wife,Kay, had decided that she would be a full-time mom, which meant he would financially support the family. When he did well on the sales floor, finances weren't a problem. But when he struggled to make sales，the whole family struggled.Toward the end of the day, a man came in to buy a suit. This was potentially a good sale, the kind that can turn a bad day into a good one-just like that. Brent worked hard to make the sale. But the man hesitated. Brent knew all too well the look he saw in his eyes-the look of a customer about to walk out the door empty-handed. When it became clear that the man was going to leave to do a little comparison shopping, Brent handed him his business card and invited him to return after he'd had a chance to look around.The man looked at Brent's card, then took a long look at Brent."So you're Brent's boy," the man said, referring to the card that identified him as Brent Jr."Do you know my dad?" Brent asked.“Sure do," the man said. T hey chatted for a moment, establishing the link between father and son. Then the man said, "Your dad's a good man. If you're anything like him…well, tell me again about that suit."Brent called his father that night, but not to recount the story. "I just wanted to thank you," he said, "for giving me a name I can be proud of."69. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that as a salesman Brent was ___________.A. creativeB. hard-workingC. experiencedD. warm-hearted70. Th e underlined words “stroke of misfortune" in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________.A. change of fateB. bad luckC. a rare opportunityD. an unexpected reward71. It is known from the passage that ____________.A. Brent's family had to struggle to make ends meetB. Brent's family had to experience a temporary hard timeC. the family's future depended on Brent and his wife keeping their jobsD：the family's well-being was closely related to Brent's sales performance72. As soon as the man entered the store to buy a suit,＿·A. Brent felt that his chance finally cameB ．Brent decided to chat with him for a whileC. Brent gave him his greeting and business cardDent was sure that he couldn'‘make the sale73．Brent made a call to his father because heA. had had a good day on the sales floorB ．had met an old friend of his father’s earlier in the day·'E}-s proud of his～’s achievementD. was grateful for having a respectable name74. We can learn from the story that＿．A. we should cherish what we havekey to success is to never give即C. it is important to have a good reputationD. our family is the most valuable treasurePassage FiveIf the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming（临时抱佛脚）is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like "Evolution" or "World history 1914 to present" into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a ．hopeless approach for retaining information. But it's not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, arid it doesn't necessarily need dogged discipline and routine.To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the "spacing effect" on long-term memory. In other words，they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as "Who invented snow golf?" (Rudyard Kipling) and "What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food?" (Norway)．Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then～tested up to a year later.The findings？Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into th eir heads during one sitting.’ But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day that's closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the test-but not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following· Monday, you should study on Wednesday for maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned.Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers don't realize the error of their ways．"Even in the scientific community, cram type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular," he told me in ⼏an email.‘`And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting．”75．Which of the following can best describe professors，attitude towardcramming？A. Rationally rejecting．13}.,Xeasonably ignoring.C ．Readily accepting. D．Reluctantly helping.76．The new study on cramming＿·AV&kes us confused about how to understand“B ．proves the correctness of the general understandingC，points out the problems with what's popularly knownD ．raises questions as to what should be avoided77．Paragraph 2 mainly describes＿．A. the necessity of the testB. the procedure of the testC. the selection of the test subiectsVIC content of the test questions78．According to the passage,. the most important cramming strategy is。

2009年考研英语真题（word版）【2】All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of i t creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore –and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a f ather’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]l ocate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testing。

2009年湖北博士入学考试英语湖北联考试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30 % )Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless，that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact，the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets(木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.he workers and employees are anxiou，not only because they might find themselves out of a job；they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally a，R，d ih:'t-ellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subodinates. They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again——by psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century" free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities——those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man.1. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is.A.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society，though functioning smoothlyB. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligibleC. a humble component of the society，especially when working smoothlyD.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .A.they are faced with the fundamental realties of human existenceB.they are deprived of their independence and productivityC.they are likely to lose their satisfactory jobsD.they are farther away from genuine life3.Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could.A.get higher salary and more self-respectB.have more chance to be further promotedC.prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.keep far away from this compititive world4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should .A.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesB.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realties for granted5.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might be best summarized as one of the .A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.toleranceQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human beings.Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms，particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said，however，about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms ofrichness of life.An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant，most distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away，it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean，the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct specIes.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species，their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteritics with 750,000 species ofinsects.If basic，broad categories such as phyla andclasses are given more emphasis than differentiating between species，then the greatest diversify of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopics and animals，including larva's or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.6.What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C.The sea is even richer in life than the mrlforests.D.Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.7.Why does the author compare coral reefs with rain forests(para. 1)?A.They share many similar species.B.They are approximately the same size.C.Most of their inhabitants require water.D.Both have many different forms of life.8.The passage suggests that most rain forest species are .A.insectsB.bacteriaC.mammalsD.birds9.The author argues that there is more diדersity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because .A. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsB. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster pace10. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.C. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.D. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality，or the relationship between cause and effect. A simple example of a cause is the movement of a paddle as it strikes a ping-pong ball; the effect is the movement of the ball through the air. In psychology and other sciences，the word "cause" is often replaced by the term “independent variable”.This term implies that the experimenter is often "free" to vary the independent variable as he or she desires (for example，the experimenter can control the speed of the paddle as it strikes the ball). The term“dependent variable”replaces the word"effect"，and this term is used because the effect，depends on some characteristic of the independent variable (the flight of the ball depends on the speed of the paddle). The conventions of science demand that both independent and dependent variables be observable events，as is the case in the ping-pong example. In the case of biorhythm theory，the independent variable is the number of days that have elapsed between a person's date of birth and some test day. The depedent variable is the person's level of performance on some specified task on the test. Notice that although the experimenter is not free to choose a birthday for a given individual，persons with different dates of birth can be tested on the same day, or a single subject can be tested on several different days.In order to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables，many scientific theories make use of what are called intervening variables. Intervening variables are purely theoretical concepts that cannot be observed directly. To predict the flight of a ping-pong ball，Newtonian physics relies on a number of intervening variables; including force，mass，air resistance，and gravity. You can probably anticipate that the intervening variables of biorhythm theory are the three bodily cycles with their specified time periods.It should be emphasized that not all psychological theories include intervening variables，and some psychologists object to their use precisely because they are not directly observable.The final major component of a scientific theory is its syntax，or the rules and definitions that state how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured，and that specify the relationships among independent variables，intervening variables，anddependent variables.It is the syntax of biorhythm theory that describes how to use a person's birthday to calculate the current status of the three cycles. The syntax also relates the cycles to the dependent variable，performance，by stating that positive cycles should cause high levels of performance whereas low or critical cycles should cause low performance levels. To summarize，the components of a scientific theory can be divided into four major categories：independent variables，dependent variables，intervening variables，and syntax.11. Based on the passage，causality may have the meaning that .A. cause and effect can be independent of each otherB. there is hardly anything that happens without a causeC. dependent and independent variables affect each otherD. cause and effect may vary respectively in most events12. According to biorhythm theory，.A. one's behavior can be predicted by knowing his or her birhtdayB. nobody can choose his or her date of birth as he or she wishesC. an individual's performance is irrelevant to hisor her birthdayD. a person's level of performance varies according to the test date13. Many theories for predicting the relation ship between cause and effect .A. testify their complete conformity withgeneral scientific principlesB. justify the identity of dependent，independent，and intervening variablesC.specify the time periods of bodily cycles in terms of psychological testsD. verify their prediction by variables inconsisitent with conventions of science14. The example of the ping-pong ball used to .A. indicate a hard nut to crack in physicsB. predict variables in a person’s performanceC.prove a common feature most theories haveD. show the negligibility of intervening variables15. The word “syntax”used in the last paragraph refers to the.A. rules used for ordering and connecting words in a sentenceB. principles defining the connections among different variablesC. definitions describing the impact of biorhythm on one's behaviorD. criteria measuring a person's performance levels with biorhythmQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes，entertainers，and entrepreneurs，not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find."Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual，" says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance. " Ravitch's latest book，Left Back：A Century of Failed School Reforms，traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools，concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically，to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others，they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path，says writer Earl Shorris，“we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege，”write historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life，a Pulitzer Prize winnig book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics，religion，and education. From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality，common sense，and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints of children: "Weare shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 1 0 or 15 years and cme out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twaill:ֺ‎f Iuckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids beingcivilized——going to school and learning to read——so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect，according to Hofstadter，is different from native intelligence，a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical，creative，and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp，manipulate，reorder，and adjust，while intellect examines，thinks，wonders，theorizes criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim theirhostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”16. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A. The habit of thinking independently.B. Profound knowledge of the world.C. Practical abilities for future career.D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.17. We can learn from the passage that Americans have a history of.A. undervaluing intellectB. favoring intellectualismC. supporting school reformD. suppressing native intelligence18. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are .A. identicalB.similarC. complementaryD. opposite19. Emerson，according to the passage，is probably .A. a pioneer of education reformC. a scholar in favor of intellectB. an opponent of intellectualismD. an advocate of regular schooling20. What does the author think of intellect?A.It evolves from common sense.B.It is second to intelligence.D. It underlies power.C.It is to be pursued.Part II Vocabulary (15 % )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoeces marked A，B，C and D. Choose th ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in thebrackets.21. In the process of acquiring knowledges，as much can be learned from seeking as from finding，from journeys as fromA. travelB. destination D. seeking D.seeking22. Weare meant to live dangerously and should not be sheltered. Life is a perilous adventure；its richness is in its .A. hazardsB. securityC. peaceD. length23. Mary thought she would never meet Tom again，but by a curiousthey finally met.A. coincidenceB. incidenceC. incidentD. accident24. The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man's guilt，but in.A. hollowB. emptyC. voidD. vain25. The team's efforts to score were by the opposing goalkeeper.A. surpassed C. frustrated D. furtheredB. doubled26. A friend may be ，casual，situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. superficialD. critical27. This is the industrialist's ：invest，and risk going bankrupt，or not invest and risk losing your share of the market.A. paradoxB. junctionC. premiseD. dilemma28. The key to success is remembering that every hurdle crossed is one less hurdle in the of your personal ambition.A. pursuitB.proportionC. promotionD. propulsion29. Although he did not state his opinion，thewas that he doubted my words.A. interruptionB. implicationC. impositionD. interaction30. My work with leaders from all walks of life has me that they were not born leaders-they are made.A. advocatedB. impliedC. convincedD. illustrated31. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and an understanding of what you have read.A. come up toB. come acrossC. come aroundD. come up with32. In the museum there is a of the ship Mayflower.A. supplementB. nucleusC. miniatureD.valve33. Employees are not slaves who must bear being order around. They would not put theirin their pocket.A. arroganceB. conceitC.prideD. prime34. This was conducted to find out how many people prefer TV serious to films.A. examinationB. inspectionC.analysisD. survey35. The statistical figures in that report are not. You should not refer to them.A. accurateB. fixedC. delicateD. rigid36. All theoriesfrom practice and in turn serve practice.A. originateB. restrainC.modifyD. reflect37. This research has attracted wide coverage and has been featured on BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A. messageB. imformationC. mediaD. data38. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick upwonderful in the market.A. batteriesB. bargainsC. basketsD. barrels39. Amy was elected chairman of the committee by avote.A. ambiguousB. synonymousC. simultaneousD. unanimous40. Developments in ship design and construction methods came about into challenges encountered in trading.A.awarenessB. responseC. contrastD. agreement41.In many places£¬ illness was seen either as an invasion of the body by some poison or it was to the work of an angry god，malignant magic，or witchcraft.A. contributedB. attributedC. tributeD. distributed42. His new theory has caused an enormous throughout the civilized world.A.solidarity C. sermonB. sentimentD. sensation43. The captain of the ship entered the details in the .A. loungeB. logC. motelD. shipwreck44. Some 4 000 private importers，exporters and wholesalers were nationalized andinto a huge government monopoly，the State Trading Corp.A. incorporatedB. inclinedC. resignedD. resorted45. She has but a faint of dialectical materialism.A. sacrificeB. reactionC. notionD. clue46. among young people is difficult to expect or achieve.A. AssuranceB. ProbabilityC. RelianceD. ConfQrmity47. The swimming pool is the children's favorite in summer.A. cradleB. hauntC. headingD.hedge48. In of Mr. Mainwaring's years of service，the company presented him with agold watch.A. contradictionB. appreciationC.confrontationD. apprehension49. They their hunting skills for the life of settled farmers.A. forsookB. forgedC.sacrificedD. reserved50.If you can't give up smoking completely，at least try to.A. take downB. turn downC.cut downD. set downPart III Cloze (10 %)Directions: For each numbered braclE~("1h the following passage£¬ fill in a suitable word inthe blank on the ANSWER SHEET.Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many 51. The simple 52for this is that there more different ways of looking at things 53 in the first kind of society. There are more ideas，more disagreements 54 interest，and moregroups and organizations 55 different beliefs. In 56，there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 57 societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by 58more areas of life to decision. In a simple-racial 59，there are 60 occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for61 because everything seems to be the same. And 62 conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed.Social change is also likely to occur more frequently and 63 in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material，for example£¬ in technology rather than in values；in the 64 basic and emotional aspects of society than in their opposites；in form rather than in 65；and in elements that are66to the culture rather than in strange elements.67，social change is easier if it is gradual. For example，it comes68 readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp differences. This is one reason why change has 69 come more quickly to Black Americans as 70 to other American minorities，because of sharp difference between them and their white counterparts.Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 % )Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 71. Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experierices，any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school，as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students' own experIence. So far，it will be in line with what is called the "progressive" movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the scienceofeducation on its wn ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters while contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization，it is false to its own position as scientific. 72.In cooperationwith a philosophy of education，it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively developtoward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers liveand woward forming the attitudes of purpose，desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions.Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences，especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriGulum. In a formal sense，the battle has been won，but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject- matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts" and truths. 73.The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation，inquiry，reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence.Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central placein education.Finally, the science and philosophy of educatin can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, betreen theory and practive, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully.Indeed it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a acence and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.Part V Chises-English Translation(15%)Directions：Translate the following paragraph into English and write youyr translation on the ANSER SHEET.一本好书就是一位益友。

Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind" and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. "But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book "This Year I Will..." and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being ________.A. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be________A. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23. "ruts"(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to ________A. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing________?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one's birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing failsto__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is__________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It's problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly therethan it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education inpoor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system__________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that__________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that educationemerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education__________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "So much important attached to intellectual pursuits " According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . "Our main end was to catch fish. "36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century NewEngland___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in MassachusettsBay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanderswere often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference。

The University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University - a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a "college education in a box" could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content - or other dangers - will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest （rather than lowest） paid professionals?"Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow's university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world.A second group, mentors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between -or even during - sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.11.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,A.he is in favour of it.B.his view is balanced.C.he is slightly critical of it.D.he is strongly critical of it.12.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13.According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.bining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the Three new roles envisioned for tomorrow's university faculty, university teachersA.are required to conduct more independent research.B.are required to offer more course to their students……C.are supposed to assume more demanding duties.D.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Which category of writing does the review belong to?A.Narration.B.DescriptionC.persuasionD.Exposition.Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at one's neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back （which after all was no more than fair）, but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in "very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph meansA．loans. B． accounts C．killings D．bargains.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomedA. the introduction of the rifle.B. the spread of British rule.C. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade.23. Building roads by the BritishA. put an end to a whole series of quarrels.B. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.C. lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.D. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beA. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule.C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D. The Pathans at war.业革命把人口分散到各地，蒸气机的发明以及后来的汽油机发动机确保了方便的机动性，在这以前，向我们目前所知道的这种礼仪般的家族团聚情况可能很少发生。

2009年MBA（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation 5. WritingSection I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.1．The poor lady was too ______ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A．engagedB．exhaustedC．ignorantD．energetic正确答案：B解析：本题考点为形容词语义辨析。

根据上下文，exhausted与后面的distressed形成恰当的语义衔接，意为“疲惫而悲痛的”，故选项B为正确答案。

2．At first ______ , the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A．glanceB．gazeC．stareD．view正确答案：A解析：本题考点为介词与名词的固定搭配。

At first glance为固定搭配，意为“乍一看”。

根据题意，选项A为正确答案。

3．Delegates agree to the plan in ______ , but there were some details they didn’t approve.A．disciplineB．theoryC．principleD．nature正确答案：C解析：本题考点为介词与名词的固定搭配。

2009考研英语真题参考答案以下《2009考研英语真题参考答案》由考研英语答案频道为您精心提供，欢迎大家参考。

答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

47. 一种制度的副产品，只是逐步被注意到的，而这种效果被视为实施这种制度的一个指导性因素更加缓慢得多。

48. 在和他们接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行动对他们的倾向的影响，但是也不像与成年人打交道那么简单。

49. 既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们禁不住考虑我们是否在形成获得这种能力的力量。

50. 因此，我们可以在上面所考虑的广阔的教育过程之内区别出一种比较正规的教育，即直接的教导或学校教育。

Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. 应用文参考范文Dear editor，I am writing this letter to advise you of the pressing situationwe are facing now. As we know, being accustomed to using plastic bag in our daily life, some of us still take the “white pollution” for granted. Plastic bag has become the indispensible part of our life, and the “white pollution” now is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which greatly worsens our environment.To save the situation from further aggravating, I would like to suggest that: firstly, our government should make a set of laws to punish the groups and individuals who are still polluting the environment; secondly, new technologies should be used to produce degradable and renewable materials; thirdly, the local media can make full use of its own influence to intensify the publicity in order to enhance people’s awareness of environment.I hope that my suggestions are helpful, thank you for your attention!Sincerely yours，Li MingPart B52. 短文写作参考范文In the drawing, what first appears in front of us is a huge spider web, on which innumerable people are attached, like the catch of the owner of the web. What is more ironic is they are imprisoned in respective cabins, choosing contacting on line rather than communicating face to face.There is no doubt that the Internet provides us with considerable convenience. However, it drives too many individuals to be addicted to the fictional experience, and hence forget the traditional and most efficient communication method. Indifference has become a not uncommon phenomenon in the modern world. The following reasons may be contribute to thephenomenon. To begin with, people in mounting numbers, who are vividly called netters, indulge in on-line activities, because science and technology develops too fast for people to adapt to it. The Internet, in particular, moving forward with an unimaginable speed, provides people with a convenient tool of getting in touch with others, which lacks weighing its correctness. Moreover, the fierce competition also plays a role of forcing people to fear the situation, which results in people’s habit of wallowing in the unreal world.Hence, it is the high time that we highlighted the imperative of face-to-face communication between people. The joint efforts of the specialists, the netters and the educators are needed to cultivate the whole society with the essentiality. Only in this way can we expect a healthy development of the relationship among individuals.考研英语栏目推荐链接：。

第四部分外语运用能力测试(英语)(50题，每题2分，满分100分)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. He added that the state government has made _________ arrangements for the conference.A. accurateB. absoluteC. adequateD. active2. This video may be freely reproduced __________ commercial promotion or sale.A. as forB. except forC. thanks toD. up to3. You ___________ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.A. have better notB. had better notC. have better not toD. had better not to4. Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, _________ the time when we were drinking it strong and black, without sugar.A. duringB. forC. beforeD. since页脚内容15. By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _________ today.A. as much asB. as that ofC. as many asD. as those of6. Saffron returned to London to __________ her acting career after four years of modeling.A. followB. chaseC. seekD. pursue7. He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite ____________ his expectations.A. matchesB. makesC. reachesD. realizes8. ___________ my neighbor's kid with his coming exam, I spend an hour working with him every day.A. To helpB. HelpingC. HelpedD. Having helped9. When I worked as a bank clerk, I had the opportunity to meet a rich ___________ of people: students, soldiers and factory workers.A. diversityB. kindC. rangeD. variety10. Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it _____________ replaced.A. should have beenB. would have beenC. could have beenD. might have beenPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:页脚内容2In this part there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, nor do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day's stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one's social life.11. For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their ____________.A. professional requirementB. regular practiceC. refreshing breakD. unpaid work12. Happy hours are held because office workers need to ___________.A. have a good rest after workB. stay away from household workC. make new friendsD. celebrate their achievements13. The phrase "filled to capacity" in Paragraph 2 means the pub is _____________.A. too crowdedB. rather entertaining页脚内容3C. completely fullD. very noisy14. Happy hours contribute to office workers' __________.A. cooperation in societyB. promotion in their companyC. connection in societyD. loyalty to their company15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The happy hour is a social gathering in America.B. People avoid talking about work at happy hours.C. Happy hours are held on weekdays only.D. People exchange work experiences at happy hours.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were _____________.页脚内容4A. fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB. more SLOH-ers than expectedC. as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD. hardly any SLOH-ers17. The phrase "a leg up" in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. an instinctB. an advantageC. a fightD. a chance18. The study of modem creatures ___________.A. is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB. finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC. has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD. reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19. According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to ____________.A. be lazyB. be timidC. live longD. sleep less20. In the last paragraph the author ____________.A. compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB. offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC. analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD. emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ers页脚内容5Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks. Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as "hello", or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y. This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access.When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called "passfaces". In order to access the system a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for the United States Senate.21. What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?A. They do not ensure security.B. They are difficult to remember.C. They have to be changed frequently.D. They limit computer accessibility.22. One can make a password safer by _____________.页脚内容6A. inserting pictures between numbersB. avoiding the use of letters altogetherC. setting up a firewall against computer hackersD. using complicated combinations of numbers and letters23. "Passfaces" is a method to get access to a system through ___________.A. remembering a large number of facesB. selecting photographs of faces one likesC. recognizing a sequence of face picturesD. showing one's face in front of the computer24. One advantage of "Passfaces" over a password is that ____________.A. it is easier to rememberB. it is more complicatedC. it takes less time to log inD. it allows one to write less25. What does the author think of the password?A. R is an old system that needs improvement.B. It provides as much security as before.C. R should be abandoned by computer users.D. It has developed to an advanced stage.Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart:页脚内容7FedExServiceRestrictions U.S. EXPRESS FREIGHTINTERNATIONALEXPRESSFREIGHTINTERNATIONAL AIR CARGO1 or2 DayFreight3 DayFreightInternationalPriority Freight orEconomy FreightInternationalPremium orExpress FreightInternationalAirport toAirport页脚内容8Minimum weightper piece orshipment 68kg68kg68kgNo minimumrestrictionsNo minimumrestrictionsMaximum weightper piece 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kgMaximum length Plus girth per piece 762cm762cm762cm762cm762cmMaximum lengthper piece 302cm302cm302cm页脚内容9302cm302cmMaximum heightper piece 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm26. Which of the following might be a proper title for the chart?A. FedEx Freight Measurements and MethodsB. FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other CountriesC. FedEx International Freight Customer Service GuideD. FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions27. What's the minimum weight a shipment must reach in order to be transported by air?A. No restrictions.B. 68kg.C. 122kg.D. 997kg.28. If you need to ship something 300cm long within US, which service can you choose?A. Shipment in less than 1 day.B. Shipment in 1 or 2 days.C. Shipment in 3 days.D. Shipment in more than 3 days.29. What does "girth" possibly mean?A. Measurement around an object.页脚内容10B. Measurement of object weight.C. Formula to calculate object width.D. Formula to calculate object length.30. FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods' ____________.A. maximum weight per pieceB. maximum length plus girth per pieceC. maximum length per pieceD. maximum height per piecePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Fueled by weather, wind, and dry undergrowth, uncontrolled wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their way—in mere minutes.31 , more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, consuming everything—trees, bushes, homes, even humans—in its 32.There are three conditions that need to be 33 in order for a wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any material 34 a fire that will burn quickly and easily, including trees, grasses, bushes, even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire 35 to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to 36 hot enough to start burning. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide 37 heat to spark a wildfire.38 often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play a positive role in nature. They 39 nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They remove diseased plants and harmful insects页脚内容11from a forest ecosystem (生态系统). And by burning 40 thick trees and bushes, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of young plants to grow.31. A. After all B. Above all C. In sum D. On average32. A. route B. track C. path D. trace33. A. stable B. present C. fixed D. favorable34. A. surrounding B. keeping C. causing D. making35. A. acquires B. needs C. captures D. meets36. A. materials B. places C. temperatures D. conditions37. A. additional B. excessive C. plentiful D. sufficient38. A. Although B. As C. If D. Whereas39. A. drive B. reduce C. return D. assign40. A. over B. through C. below D. beyondPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, eachfollowed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriatelysuits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Speaker A: Hi. My name is Mark. I'm from Houston, Texas.Speaker B: I'm Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you?Speaker A: ___________.页脚内容12A. I was born in 1990B. I've been here for yearsC. I'm 19 years oldD. I'm a first-year student42. Speaker A: I'm getting pretty bored. We should do something despite the rain.Speaker B: ____________. What do you have in mind?A. I back you up.B. Who cares?C. I'm with you.D. I like the rain.43. Man: We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman: ___________.Man: Yes, we did. In fact, we even encountered a lion.A. Didn't you?B. How did it go?C. I bet you had a great time.D. I guess you did.44. Man: Do you know Jason's phone number?Woman: ____________.Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.A. Just a second.B. Not that I know of.C. I can't think of it now.D. Why ask?45. Interviewer: Let me see if I understood you. You mean that you can work extra hours if needed, right?Interviewee: ______________.A. Yes. No matter what you say.B. Yes. Thank you for your clarification.C. Yes. You sure understand me.D. Yes. Absolutely.页脚内容1346. Speaker A: Thanks to John, we've lost our most important client.Speaker B: I've told you he's not proper for the position.Speaker A: __________.A. I don't really agree with youB. I should have listened to youC. It doesn't matter. I trust himD. Thank you for being so helpful47. Greg: Hey Merlin. I'd like to ask you a question.Merlin: ____________.Greg: Well, I'm thinking about going to Sweden. What's the best time to go?A. Yes, go ahead.B. Sorry, I'm kind of busy.C. OK, what's up?D. Yeah, what's on your mind?48. Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Desler.Man: Should we stop at the shopping center?Woman: _____________. The wedding's not until next week, but I won't have time later to get them anything.A. Won't be necessaryB. I suppose soC. It's your callD. If you insist49. Donald: Let's eat out, shall we?Mason: I'm broke. I've gone through my paycheck for the week already.Donald: Don't worry. ___________.页脚内容14A. We can find a wayB. Let's split the billC. Just fast foodD. It's my treat50. Teacher: Richard, class begins at 9, and you are late.Student: I know, but I missed my bus. I'm sorry.Teacher: ___________. You have to be here on time.A. Don't mention itB. That's no excuseC. You needn't beD. No problem英语:1-5 CBBDC 6-10 DCADA11-15 BACCB 16-20 ABCDB21-25 BDCAA 26-30 DABAB31-35 DABCB 36-40 CDACA41-45 DACCD 46-50 BCBDB页脚内容15。