动词的时态和语态
时态
一般现在时
(1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
(2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。
I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it.
我一做完，就与你一同去。
Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
一般过去时
表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。
—Your phone number again？I didn’t quite catch it.
——再重述一下你的电话号码好吗？我没记下来。
—It’s 9568686.
——是9568686。
一般将来时
(1)“will＋动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
(2)“be going to＋动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。
Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.
看那乌云，要下雨了。
(3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
(4)位移动词如come，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。
I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow.
明天下午三点我会到达北京。
He is coming.他将要来。
They are leaving for Tibet.他们将要去西藏。
(5)be to ＋动词原形
①表示计划，安排。
When are you to leave for New York?
你计划什么时候去纽约？
②表示指令，相当于should。
You are to report it to the police.
你应该把这事报告给警察。
③表示“打算，想要”。
If we are to be there before ten，we’ll have to go now.
若我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
现在/过去进行时
(1)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
I first met Lisa three years ago，she was working at a shop then.
我第一次遇见莉莎是在3年前，那时她正在一家商店工作。
—Hey，look where you are going!
——嘿，看看你往哪儿走！
—Oh，I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.
——噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。
(2)表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情感，常与always，continually，constantly连用。
He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)
他总是先为别人着想。
He is always making the same mistake. (表厌烦)
他总是犯同样的错误。
(3)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。
I don’t really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，
我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。(暂时性)
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完成)
(4)表示按计划、安排要做的事。
I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.
我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划)
(5)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
—Is this raincoat yours？——这是你的雨衣吗？
—No，mine is hanging there behind the door.
——不是，我的在门后挂着呢。
现在完成时
(1)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你的。
Please don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
车未停，请不要下车。
(2)It/This is/will be the first(last，second，third...)time that...和It/This is the best(worst，most interesting)＋n.＋that...结构的从句要求用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing.
这是我第一次听她唱歌。
It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.
这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
过去完成时
(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when；No sooner had...done...than...中从句用一般过去时。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家，天就下起了倾盆大雨。
No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.
我们刚出发，轮胎就爆了。
(2)表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用过去完成时
表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.
我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。
现在完成进行时
(1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。
I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.
我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。
(2)表示动作刚刚结束(有时指出结果)。
My clothes are wet.I’ve been walking in the rain.
我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。
(3)表示重复(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。
She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.
两个星期以来她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
语态
被动语态使用要点
不及物动词不能用于被动语态
如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)
我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
表示状态的动词不用于被动语态
如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like 等。
The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。
What’s become of her？她怎么了？
主动形式表被动的几种情况
(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。
The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。
(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有
sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。
This type of recorder sells well.
这种型号的录音机销路很好。
He doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。
This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。
(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义
通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等动词的主语时，表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。
The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。
这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。
The children need to be looked after.
(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
She is easy to approach.她平易近人。
The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。
不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略
在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。
I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。
She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。
get (got)＋过去分词也可构成被动语态
get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。
John and Jane got married last month.
上个月，约翰和简结婚了。
They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。
1. (2009年安徽卷)Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. A．are enjoying B．are to enjoy
C．will enjoy D．will be enjoying
【解析】句意为：丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断，选用将来进行时will be doing。
【答案】 D
2. (2009年辽宁卷)My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa. A．have left B．leave
C．left D．will leave
【解析】句意为：我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作，before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。
【答案】 B
3．(2009年上海卷)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people________not to touch any unattended bag.
A．had always been warned
B．were always being warned
C．are always warning
D．always warned
【解析】句意为：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
4．(2009年山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
【解析】句意为：在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of＋n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。【答案】 C
5. (2009年江苏卷)—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I________know.I________go and visit her.
A．didn’t；am going to B．don’t；would
C．don’t；will D．didn’t；will
【解析】句意为：——Ann在住院。——哦，真的吗？我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般过去时；第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿，打算”。
【答案】 D
6. (2009年江苏卷)—Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? —Sorry.________.
A．It’s repaired
B．It has been repaired
C．It’s being repaired
D．It had been repaired
【解析】句意为：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
7．(2009年浙江卷)—What do you think of the movie?
—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.
A．missed B．had missed
C．miss D．would miss
【解析】句意为：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情，故选A。
【答案】 A
8. (2009年全国卷Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998，and________since.
A．had not been heard of
B．has not been heard of
C．had not heard of
D．has not heard of
【解析】句意为：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关
系，故用被动语态，所以选B。
【答案】 B
9. (2009年福建卷)According to the literary review，Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.
A．will make B．had made
C．was making D．makes
【解析】句意为：这篇文学评论说，莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态，当介绍一种理论时，常用一般现在时。
【答案】 D
10．(2009年辽宁卷)Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair________all day.Could you speak to her now?
A．phones B．has phoned
C．has been phoning D．phoned
【解析】句意为：打扰了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗？根据句意和时间状语all day可知，此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感，如：不满，抱怨，责备等。注意，现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束，侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。
【答案】 C
1．(2010届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验)—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? —Terry？Never！She________tents and fresh air!
A．has hated B．hated
C．will hate D．hates
【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯，她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。【答案】 D
2．(2010届安徽芜湖一中一模)—Got your driving license?
—No.I________too busy to have enough practice，so I didn’t take the driving test last week. A．was B．am
C．have been D．had been
【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习，以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之
前，因此应该用过去完成时。
【答案】 D
3．(2010届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A．will graduate B．will have graduated
C．graduates D．is to graduate
【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句，而本句的主句是将来时，所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【答案】 C
4．(2010届甘肃天水一中段考)I________in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A．lived B．have lived
C．had lived D．was living
【解析】“我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述，过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响，故用一般过去时。
【答案】 A
5．(2010届苏州调研)—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?
—Sorry，I________.Would you please say it again?
A．hadn’t listened B．wouldn’t listen
C．wasn’t listening D．didn’t listen
【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看，说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议，因此，使用过去进行时，表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。
【答案】 C
6．(2010届合肥检测)Although many measures________，the world’s economy is still going down.
A．were taken B．have been taken
C．will be taken D．are taken
【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take与measures之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。
【答案】 B
7. (2010届福建检测)Since the beginning of the vacation，I______across the country，and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A．had traveled B．will travel
C．have been traveling D．was traveling
【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since＋过去的时间点，结合后面的“my next stop i s the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
【答案】 C
8．(2010年东城检测)Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A．have been affected B．have affected
C．are affected D．affect
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为：政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.结构，这里说的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
9．(2010年长春第一次调研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.
—Impossible.She________the Internet with me in my home then.
A．surfed B．had surfed
C．would surf D．was surfing
【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知，昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上网，因此用过去进行时。
【答案】 D
10．(2010年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A．advise B．have advised
C．are advised D．had been advised
【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。
【答案】 C
11．(2010届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh，more and more new substances________in the past years.
A．discovered
B．have discovered
C．had been discovered
D．have been discovered
【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知，这里应用现在完成时；句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系，故选D项。
【答案】 D
12．(2010届成都联考)—Look！Everything here is under construction.
—What’s the pretty small house that________for?
A．is being built B．has been built
C．is built D．is building
【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时，名词house是动词build的承受者，所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的？
【答案】 A
13．(2010届江西高安中学月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai? —Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but________.
A．has been lost B．get lost
C．lost D．got lost
【解析】前面的问句以及tried暗示时态应为一般过去时，因此选got lost。
【答案】 D
14．(2010届皖南八校联考)We’ve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.
A．are not discussed
B．have not been discussed
C．is not being discussed
D．has not been discussed
【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation，表示的是一件事，谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时，即这件事还没有被讨论。
【答案】 D
15．(2010年西安质量检测)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.
A．is decorating B．has been decorated
C．is being decorated D．has been decorating
【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知，应用现在进行时；又依据语意可知，房子正在(被)装修，因此选C。
【答案】 C
1．(2011·东北三省四市联考)—What’s that terrible noise，David?
—Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.
A．were tested B．will be tested
C．are being tested D．have been tested
解析：考查动词的时态。根据问句中的What’s that terrible noise 可知，这里应该用进行时态，噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案： C
2．(2011·北京西城模拟)The atta ckers were arrested and didn’t know where they________.
A．would take B．are taken
C．were being taken D．will be taken
解析：句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn’t know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。
答案： C
3．(2011·南京模拟)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them________taken in the past.
A．are not B．were not
C．hadn’t been D．wouldn’t be
解析：句意为：人们开始了解到由于在过去没有采取必要的预防措施从而造成了大多数的环境问题。in the past暗示出用过去时态；hadn’t been 指在一个过去的动作或时间之前发生的事情；wouldn’t be 表过去将来，故B项正确。
答案： B
4．(2011·日照市调研考试)—Monitor?
—I’m not monitor of our class.I________with the teacher until the monitor is elected.
A．will just help B．am just to help
C．am just helping D．have just helped
解析：考查时态。下句意为：我只是在帮助老师，直到选出班长为止。根据上下句语意可知，此处用现在进行时，表示答话者当时所处的状态。
答案： C
5．(2011·南京第一次模拟)—I hear you________at Smith’s.
—Yes，I________there for about three months.
A．work；had been working B．worked；was working
C．are working；have been working D．worked；have worked
解析：本题考查时态。听说你正在Smith’s 上班，因此应该使用现在进行时态；我在那里已经工作大约三个月了(可能还会持续下去)，因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。
答案： C
6．(2010·海淀区第二学期期中练习)—Why didn’t you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?
—Oh，sorry.But I________the film.
A．see B．saw
C．have seen D．had seen
解析：考查动词的时态。由语意可知，这个电影在上周六(last Saturday)之前就已经看过了，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此应该用过去完成时。
答案： D
7．(2010·3月济南模拟)A big step ________to strengthen China’s health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.
A．has been taken B．is being taken
C．was taken D．had been taken
解析：考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。
答案： A
8．(2011·哈尔滨检测)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me，I ________five pounds.
A．will have lost B．will lose
C．have lost D．am losing
解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为：我已经减肥好几个月了，等下次再见我时，我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时，故A项正确。
答案： A
9．(2011·苏州一模)—Are you going to further your studies after graduation?
—Well，I________yet.I might make some other choices.
A．didn’t decide B．haven’t decided
C．don’t decide D．hadn’t decided
解析：本题考查动词时态。从答语：也许还有别的打算可知，目前还没有做出决定，故用现在完成时。
答案： B
10．(2011·陕西宝鸡检测)Mary，I should tell you it is the third time that you________ your homework.
A．forgot to do B．forgot doing
C．have forgotten to do D．had forgotten doing
解析：考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is(was)the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”，表示“是某人第几次做某事”，在此句型中，若前面为it is，则that 从句用现在完成时，若前面为it was，则that 从句用过去完成时；而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事，forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。
答案： C
11．(2010·3月济南模拟)—We thought he would have won the game.
—What a pity！He ________too nervous when playing.
A．had been B．has been
C．was D．would have been
解析：考查动词时态。句意为：他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述，用一般过去时。
答案： C
12．(2010·潍坊质量监测)My headache________me.I thought it was going away，but now it’s getting worse and worse.
A．is killing B．was killing
C．kills D．killed
解析：考查时态。从now 可知：我现在头疼得厉害。
答案： A
13．(2010·潍坊第一次模拟)Tom is now in our class，but he once________in Westbrook High School for a term.
A．has studied B．studied
C．had studied D．studies
解析：考查时态。句意为：汤姆现在在我们班，但他曾经在韦斯特布鲁克高中呆过一个学期。从once可知，用一般过去时，一般过去时也可以和一段时间连用。
答案： B
14．(2010·海南五校联考)—When did you move to Sanya?
—In 2008.But I________in Tibet for 8 years.
A．has worked B．has been worked
C．have been working D．worked
解析：考查时态。由题干可知答话人在2008年搬到三亚之前曾在西藏工作过8年，叙述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
答案： D
15．(2010·4月济南模拟)—Can you give some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry.My mind ________.
A．is wandering B．was wandering
C．has wandered D．has wandered
解析：考查动词的时态。从语境可知“刚才你说话的时候，我走神了”，此处强调“过去某个时刻正在进行”的状态，所以用过去进行时，答案选B项。
答案： B
模块八动词的被动语态 (1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态； 如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。 主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。 在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 (2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动 词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可 (1) 被动语态的用法： ①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省 略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故) This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的) ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻) A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里
将要修建一条铁路) ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的) A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主 人宰杀的) (2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： + 受者) + (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点： ①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary. →He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典 →他得到老师一本字典) 也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出 原句的间接宾语。 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary. →A dictionary was given to．． him by his teacher.(老师给他一本 字典→一本字典由老师送给了他) /His father made him a kite. →A kite was made for ．．．him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他) ②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to. 如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. →The poor man was made to．． work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
动词的时态和语态练习 1 Unless he___ to help us, we shall lose the game. A promises B will promise C would promise D had promised 2 Would you please give him this message the moment he__. A arrives B arrived C will arrive D will be arriving 3 The moment I __ her, I knew something___ wrong. A have seen, gone B had seen,had C saw, was D see,had gone 4 I’m sure he will help her if she___ him. A asks B asked C would ask D had asked 5 However hard you__,you will never succeed in pleasing her. A should try B will try C would try D try 6 As soon as I __ home,I’ll have a hot bath. A have got B will get C get D am getting 7 As soon as i__ the crossroad, the traffic light__ red. A had come to, turned B had come to, had turned C came to, turned D have come to, have turned 8 I’m sure he’ll come to see me before he__ Beijing. A leave B left C will leave D leaves 9 We will not come to any decision until we__ a chance to discuss the problem thoroughly. A are having B had C have D will have 10 She won’t believe it until she__ it with her own eyes. A see B has seen C saw D will see 11 It___ nearly two weeks__ I had received his letter. A is, that B was, that C is, since D was, since 12 It is five years since my dear aunt__ here. A left B has left C is left D had left 13 If it__ rain tomorrow, we will ho9ld the sports meet. A won’t B doesn’t C will D wouldn’t 14 There was complete silence when he___the radio. A has turned off B turned off C had turned off D turns off 15 I don’t know when he ___ ,but when he __ I’ll speak to him. A will come, comes B comes, comes C comes, will come D will come, will come 16---When__ again? ---I’ll let you know as soon as he___. A he returns, returns B will he return, will return C he returns, will return D will he return, returns 17 When I see Jane in the street, she always__ at me. A smiled B has smiled C was smiling D smiles 18 Who__ to school earliest in your class every morning? A come B comes C is coming D are coming 19 Sound travels in the same way as light___. A does B do C travel D traveled 20 It won’t be long before such a thing__ again. A will happen B happens C is happened D happened
英语动词时态语态知识点详解 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 例句： He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/ the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more…the more…(越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 例句： We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
第 7 讲动词的时态和语态 1. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. (2018浙江卷) A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given 【答案及解析】1. C 考查动词的时态。句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。 【答案及解析】幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。易误选A项，gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中。 2. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.(2018浙江卷) A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating 【答案及解析】2. D 句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。 3. For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2018浙江卷) A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of 【答案及解析】3. B 句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象中要难得多。由此推断此处的梦想从过去到现在。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。 4. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(2018浙江卷) A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing 【答案及解析】4. C 句意：在过去的几十年中，由于全球变暖，北冰洋的海冰一直在减少。 5. — What do you think of the movie? — It's fantastic.The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it.(2018浙江卷) A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss 【答案及解析】5. A 根据语境，“错过电影开头”这一动作发生在过去，故用过去时。
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
动词的时态和语态 一、.英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态或被动语态，或语法规定的其他情况。 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分 二、动词的时态 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常
用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时 结构：do/does have/has be(am/is/are) 标志语：often，always，usually，sometimes,never,every day ,in +时间段，等。 （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示主语的身份和特征 a. He goes to school every day. b. He is a student/handsome. (2)表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. (3)少数动词用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情。此类动词有begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等 The train leaves at 8:50. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. （4) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。常考的此类从句有：as soon as，until，if和when引导的从句。 a. If you come this a fternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When he graduates, I’ll go to coun tryside. 2.一般过去时 结构：did 标志语：yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last..., in 1998 (1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. (2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. ※”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “be used to”+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于….. a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used to swimming in winter. （3）在具体的语境中表示“刚刚；刚才”，而暗含“现在不那样了”。 Oh, it’s you, John. I didn’t know you were here. 3.一般将来时 结构：will do、shall do、be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in + 时间段，in 2010等 （1）表示将来的动作或状态 We will travel Beijing tomorrow. （2）几种表达将来的区别 1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划或打算要发生的动作或者按迹象要发生的事情。We are going to have a meeting today. It’s going to rain. “be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? “be about to“+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We were about to leave when it rained. （3）go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
掌门百所名校模题汇编 考点7 动词的时态和语态 A组课堂专项训练 1.【2013·山东省济南市高三1月检测】Hello! I’m calling to cancel the appointment I________ with Dr. Smith. A. am making B. have made C. will make D. had made 1．【解析】B句意：你好，我打电话来取消我和斯密斯先生的约会。The appointment后加了定语从句，从句的时态为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故选B项。 2.【2013·浙江温州八校联考1】I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare any time, for I _________ a composition which I have to hand in this morning. A. wrote B. was writing C. had written D. have written 2．【解析】B考查动词时态。句意：昨晚我本想帮助你但我没能腾出时间来，因为我正在写一篇我今早必须交的作文。根据时间状语this morning可知我上午一直在写作文，故选B项。3．【2013·河北省五校联盟调研考试】— Is Paul playing both soccer and tennis for the school? — He ______. But now he has given up playing tennis. A.is B. has C. was D. Had 3．【解析】C考查动词时态和语态。句意：Paul现在还在学校足球队和网球吗？--他曾经是，但现在他放弃了打网球。根据题意可知他曾经想在学校足球队和网球队可知是过去时态，相当于He was playing…,故选C项。 4.【2014届江苏省无锡市洛社高级中学等三校高三12月联考】He is out of work, feeling as if he has _________ nothing. A. established B. accomplished C. abolished D. Guaranteed 4．【解析】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：他失业了，觉得自己一无所成。established建立；accomplished 创建；abolished废除，废止；取消等；完成；达到（目的）；guaranteed保证；担保。故选B项。 5.【2013·河北省五校联盟调研考试】— Put these glasses away before they______. —OK, I’ll put them in the cupboard. A.have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken
动词的时态和语态一、动词的5种基本形式及其变化规则 二、时态的构成及其意义
三、含情态动词的谓语结构 1. You must( dial ) the wrong number. There is no such a person. 2. She can’t ( read ) about the explosion. She didn’t know anything about it. 3. He might( sleep ) next door. Let’s not disturb him. 4. They are so tired now. They must(work) all day. 四、谓语动词各时态的助动词及其作用：1、时态2、否定3、疑问 实践：把下面各句中write的相关谓语改为否定 1. Usually I write novels in the morning. 2. Usually he writes novels in the morning. 3. I wrote a novel last year. 4. I can write a novel. 5. I was good at maths when I was in junior school. 五、改错 1. He go to school from Monday to Saturday, but he not have classes on Sunday. 2. Ice felt cold. 3. They not drank wine, but now they do.
专题七动词时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占1—2道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。 一?识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态? [例]①More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent [解析] 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态?答案为B? 动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语? (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等? (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等? (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years…等? (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等? (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等?
1．The boy is happy because he ___________(sell) out all the newspapers. 2．The plan _____________(give) up because of rain. 3．If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing. 4．Where ____________you____________(be) these days? 5．Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon. 6．Mike says he _________(want )to be a worker after he _________ (finish )school. 7．The last bus ____________just ________(leave) when they ________(get) to the bus stop. 8．She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work. 9．Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound. 10．I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine. 11．”Where ________we________(meet)?”“Let’s meet outside the park gate.” 12．I_________(be) afraid Mr Johnson __________(not visit) out school tomorrow. 13．I _________(lost) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere? 14．________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai? 15．We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 16．I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground. 17．The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. 18．Where ________your watch _________(lose)? 19．________the doctor __________(send) for last night? 20．Three children ___________(take) good care by the nurse. 21．Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse. 22．Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves. 23．What language ________(speak) in Australia? 24．The colour TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25．He said he __________(stay) here for another two days. 26．The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once. 27．“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.” 28．We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29．“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home”30．The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night. 31．I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before. 32．When we reached the town, it _______(get) dark. 33．We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 34．Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month. 35．I ________(wait) until he comes back. 36．You ________(watch) TV after supper, aren’t you? 37．They _________(be) to that small village several times. 39．Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow? 40．Could you tell me if you _________(read) the story book? 41．He said the lights in the room _________(go) out when he opened the door. 42．I _________(be) fifteen soon. 43．Tom, your aunt _______(come) this afternoon . 44．My teacher often _________(tell) us not to play on the street.