下载文档原格式
崭新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程 3 答案Unit 1P3：After ListeningComplete the following statements according to what you have heard.a break relief out in the country fastmove pollution of the city smogin the way we liveP10: Content QuestionsPair workOne of you asks the first six questions and the other answers. Starting from question7, change roles. When you have finished, the teacher may want to put some of the questions to you to check your progress.1.Write and live on a farm.2.Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter.3.No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough.4.They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.5.When the first spring came, it brought two floods. Thesecond flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season.6.He decided to quit his job and start to freelance.7. He has to crawl into black-bear dens for “Sports Illustrated ”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian ”magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster ”for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations ”.8.As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man ’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars.9.They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example：they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city. They still attend the opera and ballet but only a few times a year. They eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.10.A tolerance for solitude and lots of energy.11.They will leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what they ’ve been able to accomplish.12.They chose to live in the country because they want to improve the quality of their lives. Yes, they have finally realized their dream.P11: TEXT ORQANIZATIONWorking on Your OwnDo the exercises and then compare your answers with a partner.1. Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3The writer views his life inthe country as a self-reliantand satisfying one.Part Two Paras. 4-7Life in the country is goodyet sometimes very hard. Part Three Paras. 8-11After quitting his job, thewriter ’s income wasreduced, but he and hisfamily were able tomanage to get by.Part Four Paras. 12-15 A tolerance for solitudeand a lot of energy havemade it possible for thefamily to enjoy their life inthe country.2. Happy Moments and Events Hardships1) growing nearly all their fruits and1)working hard both vegetables in winter and in summer2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle2)harsh environmentrides, etc.and weather condition 3) keeping warm inside the house 3)anxious moments afterthe in winter writer quit his job4) writing freelance articles4)cutting back on daily expenses5) earning enough money while5) solitudemaintaining a happy family life.P12 Language Sense Enhancement1. (1)special qualities(2)a tight budget(3)entertain(4)anyway (5)involved(6)requirement (7)on a small scale(8)temptation(9)instead (10)machineryP15: VocabularyI1. 1)On balance 2)resist 3)haul 4)wicked 5)illustrated6)budget7)lowering8)boundary 9)involved10) economic 11)blasting12)just about2. 1)cut back/down2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for8)think up3.1)pursued his mathematical studies and taught himselfastronomy.2)often generate misleading thoughts.3)attach great importance to combining theory withpractice in our work.4)be suspected of doing everything for money.5)before he gets through life.4. 1)their indoor a profit to invest in2)device the improvement on a global scale3)stacked temptation never dined out1.1)house 2)Home 3)home family 4)household2.1)doubt2)suspected3)doubted4)suspected5)suspectP19 III. Word Formation1)rise 2)final 3)regular 4)cash 5)hows whys6)upped 7)yellowed 8)bottled 9)lower10)searchP 20: Comprehensive ExerciseI . Cloze1.(1)gets by(2)temptation(3)get through(4)improvements(5)aside from (6)suspect (7) supplement(8)profit(9)stacking2. (1)replaced(2)consider(3)quit(4)world(5)tough(6)fuels (7)provide (8)luxuries (9)balance(10)ideal P21 II. Translation1.1)We have a problem with the computer system, but I thinkit ’sfairly minor.2)My father died when I was too young to live on my own. Thepeople of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.3)The toys have to meet strict/tough safety requirementsbefore they can be sold to children.4)Radio and television have supplemented rather thanreplaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5)When it comes to this magazine, it is/carries a digest ofarticles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.2. A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dreamabout. She quit an executive position and opened/set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People likeNancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut backon her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She determined to continuepursuing her vision of a better life.P27 Comprehension CheckP28: Translation1.什么你说那听起来不像你府上的生活其实，不不过是你一个人这么想。
Unit 11. Leave it to Carlos to think of a(n) ingenious solution to our most difficult problem!2. For me, the biggest to becoming an obstacle astronaut is my poor math skills.3. I have no idea how much time elapsed since she left—I fell asleep.4. After college, I traveled through Europe, and the most impressive thingI saw was the Eiffel Tower in Paris.5. Chronologically , which of the following events happened first?6. Steve is one of the most ambitious people I know; he wants to own hisown business by the time he's 25.7. Jack still acts like a(n) adolescent and thinks everything is a game.8. A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip whathe thinks is boring.9. After his plane landed, the prime minister gave a(n) impromptu speechabout global warming.10. I told my parents I wanted to take a year off before going to college,and my suggestion surprisingly met with little resistance.11. The world was shocked by the untimely death of the young singer.12. "How dare you defy a direct order? You're a soldier now!"13. She was permanently disfigured by the fire, but it soon came to represent her determination to succeed in life.14. During the World Cup, attendance in class was down because everyone stayed at home to watch television.15. I had five exams last week—it was like one long, continuous nightmare.16. Normally, we allot one vote to each member, but this is a special case.17. I can remember feeling very insecure when I was young; I was desperatefor my classmates' acceptance.18. Her final year of school was marked by considerable uncertainty as she tried to figure out what to do next.19. I've tried working in the morning, but I find that I'm most productive late at night.20. Ernie is a really decent guy; he would never try to impose his beliefs on someone else.Section B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. We don't have the budget to do everything, so I'm afraid your plan will have to go on the back burner.22. All I need is some peace and quiet, and I'll be able to figure outa solution.23. Brace yourself for some bad news, this doesn't look good.24. It's all down to you! Don't let us down!25. The new evidence creates a lot of uncertainty about who really reached America first.26. I'm only a law school student—I'm hardly in any position to help you with your legal problems.27. In the back of my mind, I have my doubts about whether he's right for the job.28. He is having a shot at cooking his own dinner.29. Jessica had her life mapped out since she was a little girl: college, marriage, children, career.30. Quick, cram the bag under the bed!Part II: Banked ClozeFor ten years, I lived in the city and loved it. Everything was stable, and I didn't have many worries. Then, within one month, I got a(31)promotion at work and my girlfriend and I decided to get married. Suddenly, my life was in (32)transition with big changes ahead!The new position at work was wonderful. I was no longer relegated to the (33)sidelines. My boss was starting to notice all of my hard work! After a (34)lengthy speech about my new responsibilities, my boss took me to my new private office. Fantastic! I didn't have to sit in the (35)rear of the office anymore, behind the copy machine. I loved my job already.My girlfriend also suggested that we move out of the city and buy a house in the suburbs. We had been city (36)dwellers for so long that it was a difficult decision for us to make. On top of that, I was worried about taking out a (37)mortgage for the house. My new job paid better, but our resources were still (38)finite. Finding a down payment would be tough.In the end, we decided to go for it. There's no time like the present, right? With the new job, I could honestly say that I had a (39)budding career, so it felt right to take the plunge and buy a house. After all these changes, we'd be ready to just relax and enjoy life. So, we took on a honeymoon to the (40)coastal California.Part III: Reading ComprehensionIt would be a fairly accurate statement to say that, when I was in elementary school and high school, I was a painfully shy child. I usually kept to myself, had only a few friends, and rarely spoke in class. My parents were always very busy, so they never pushed me to become more involved in activities and meet more people. I was perfectly happy by myself. I spent much of my time with my nose buried in a book. The only times that I ventured away from the comforts of my bedroom were when I explored the seemingly endless aisles of stocked bookshelves at my favourite bookstore.In retrospect, it was no surprise that I read with such an incredible appetite. Reading was my escape. My favourite books were adventure and travel stories—stories that brought the readers to exotic, unexplored, or dangerous places. These were places I longed to go, and they were adventures I yearned to experience, but I knew it was all just a fantasy. I had a hard time working up the nerve to talk to a fellow classmate, I knew there was no way I could travel around the world and live out oneof these adventures. Therefore, I read. I read every book I could find that promised adventure, excitement, or escape. By the time I graduated from high school, I had probably read more books than our school had in its library. It was quite an achievement, but no one knew about it except for me. I told no one because I had no one to tell. My only friend was Justin, and that relationship only existed because we had been next-doorneighbors for fifteen years.Like most of my classmates, I applied to college and eventually worked up the courage to go. It wasn't easy. I had lived at home with my parents my whole life, and I rarely ever thought about leaving. However, it had finally become inevitable; I couldn't stay with them forever. I attended a local college and moved out to live in a dormitory with a roommate. It would be an understatement to say that I was nervous. I was terrified.My roommate's name was Greg, and the first few weeks of school were very awkward. He kept trying to start conversations and be friendly. I was able to answer his questions, of course, but I found it difficult to keep the conversation going. I just wasn't used to it—I had no practice at this sort of thing. Then one day I returned from an afternoon class and found him reading a Jack London book. Suddenly, I found that I had a hundred questions to ask Greg. Did he like Jack London? Which was his favourite book? Did he read a lot? What other authors did he like? The list was endless.To my surprise, Greg was also in love with adventure and travel books. One of his dreams was to travel around the world and follow in the footsteps of some of history's greatest explorers. There must have been magic at work that day. It was as if my shyness suddenly disappeared. Greg and I talked for hours about our favourite books and dreams of travel. I also found it easier to talk to other people at school and make friends since that day. I felt like the world opened up to me. So many things suddenly seemed possible. In fact, Greg and I are planning a great adventure for this summer! It may have taken me a while, but I finally found a way to break out of my shell and start enjoying life.41. Which of the following is a rite of passage that helped the writer to become less shy?A. Attending high school.B. Reading many books.C. Attending college.D. Planning a great adventure.42. In which paragraph does the author compare his desire to read to hunger?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 4.D. Paragraph 5.43. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. A Painfully Shy ChildB. My College LifeC. Travels with GregD. Breaking Out of My Shell44. "It would be an understatement to say that I was nervous. I was terrified." What does the writer mean by this statement?A. He wasn't nervous at all.B. He was mildly nervous.C. He was as nervous as usual.D. He was extraordinarily nervous.45. Which of the following statements can you infer from the passage?A. Jack London wrote exciting stories.B. Jack London wrote dull stories.C. Jack London wasn't a famous writer.D. Jack London was the writer's favourite writer.Unit 21. When was the last time you were in _______ with your childhood friends?A. contextB. contactC. controlD. content2. Like a boat at sea, his mind started to _______ when he wasn't interested.A. floatB. soarC. sinkD. drift3. Mrs Jones didn't trust Jack, so she was very _______ to let him cut her grass.A. reluctantB. reluctantlyC. enthusiasticD. enthusiastically4. My house seems to be in a _______ state of disrepair—something is always broken!A. perpetuallyB. perpetualC. perpetuityD. perpetuate5. The problem needs to be looked at from a historical _______ .A. prospectiveB. directiveC. perspectiveD. executive6. Dr. Carter has written _______ about the brain and its influence on our emotions.A. extensivelyB. intensivelyC. extensiveD. intensive7. The accident of last week _______ a review of school safety policy.A. promptedB. promptC. promptingD. prompts8. I am easily _______ by ice cream, so it's probably the best if I don't look at the dessert menu.A. temptB. temptsC. temptingD. tempted9. Wouldn't it be _______ if we didn't need to worry about money?A. predictableB. marvellousC. astonishingD. depressing10. Researchers claim that there is a _______ link between caffeine and headaches.A. definiteB. definitelyC. definitionD. defined11. It's incredible to see how newborn babies are completely _______ on other people for everything.A. dependingB. dependenceC. dependentD. dependents12. The criminal devised an _______ plan to escape from prison.A. intrinsicB. intricateC. intrepidD. intrusive13. The court brought a _______ against the escaped prisoner.A. persecutionB. persecuteC. prosecutionD. prosecute14. Thank you for the offer to stay for dinner, but we don't want to _______.A. poseB. composeC. proposeD. impose15. Pedro's friends organized a friendly _______ to help him deal with his alcohol abuse.A. contraventionB. inventionC. interventionD. prevention16. It's impossible to not be impressed by the Taj Mahal and _______ at its beauty.A. respectB. flauntC. marvelD. admire17. We should hire an _______ reviewer who isn't biased one way or the other.A. internalB. outdoorC. indoorD. external18. I'm so excited for the new movie that waiting all year for it has been like _______.A. torturesB. torturingC. tortuousD. torture19. Dylan likes to write _______ during his free time on the weekend.A. poetryB. poetC. poeticD. poem20. The waterfall provided a _______ source of soothing background noise.A. continualB. continueC. continuingD. continuitySection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. Last weekend, I fell over and broke my toe.22. Phil will come into his own once his boss recognizes how valuable he is.23. Kevin has been riding a motorcycle from a very young age.24. Among the group members, there was a strong desire for an afternoon of shopping.25. I usually drift off to sleep while watching television.26. The teacher told me off for talking in class again today.27. Do you believe in free will?28. Julie received an award in appreciation of her service to the community.29. Don't try to reason with a child—you won't get very far.30. Once again, Greg was left out of the decision.Part II: Banked ClozeWhen I was a child, my best friend Joseph and I would play a game called "Super Secret Spy." Sometimes I would play the spy and Joseph would play the (31)villain, and sometimes we would reverse the roles. Make-believe games like this were my favourite, and I remember that many summer days were (32)largely spent outside, playing Super Secret Spy.Every time we played, the story had to be different. We played so much that, needless to say, some of the stories got quite (33)bizarre. Eventually, Super Secret Spy was like a science fiction movie; the stories took place on other planets and one of us was an alien. Sometimes, we would wear old Halloween masks so the (34)resemblance to an alien was remarkable!I remember one day in particular. Joseph was the alien and he captured me on a (35)barren, empty planet (my backyard). He threw me in "alien prison" (behind a big tree) and (36)giggled with mischievous delight. At first, I felt all alone and (37)helpless. Then I pulled myself together and remembered that I was the Super Secret Spy!I thought of my escape plan. When Alien Joseph came to check on me in the alien prison, I (38)whirled around quickly and grabbed his alien laser gun. In a (39)blaze of laser fire, I ran past my captor and escaped the alien prison! I was free! Super Secret Spy had won again!Just then, Joseph and I both realized that it was late afternoon, the sun was setting, and (40)twilight was upon us. We were both hungry, so we were incredibly happy when my mother called us inside for dinner. Even SuperSecret Spies and aliens need to eat!Part III: Reading ComprehensionWhen we're young, we can't wait to grow up and get on with life. When we're adults, we long for the carefree days of our youth when we could play all day without worry. This is one of the greatest ironies of life. Indeed, "the grass is always greener on the other side." It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have. It's our nature.That's why it's good practice to instill in our children a healthy respect for childhood. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up. We always ask them, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" We repeatedly tell them, "You can do/have that when you're older." We continually encourage them, "When you grow up, the world will be yours and you can make your dreams come true." It's no wonder, then, that children seem to be in such a rush to grow up, get older, and demand everything that we tell them is coming to them.Children should be free to play the day away. We should encourage them to use their imagination, create entire worlds in a cardboard box, and explore their backyard as if they were exploring an undiscovered country. You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination, nor can you overestimate the value of an inquisitive mind, a respect for the environment, and an urge to question why everything is as it is. These traits are all developed and nurtured when we're children and, without them, we would not be able to function as adults in the modern world.Research has shown that children are happiest and healthiest when they have the freedom to act like children. This may seem obvious, but it's often forgotten as parents push their children to study harder, practice longer, and essentially act like adults. It's important to remember that children are constantly learning.Therefore, they are also learning as they're playing. Exploring nature fosters a respect for the environment that may lead children to become biologists or naturalists. Creating with paint and crayons instills a love of art that might help develop young artists or musicians. Playing make-believe stimulates the imagination in a way that writers, filmmakers, and actors find most useful. Building with blocks helps the mind understand how things are constructed and might lead to an interest in engineering.It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life. However, this should not be the sole purpose of play. Children should play because they're children. It's how they stay happy, healthy, and young. Why should we push them to be something they're not?41. Which of the following sentences is the main idea of this passage?A. It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have.B. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up.C. Children should be free to play the day away.D. It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life.42. Which of the following would the writer of this passage likely NOT agree with?A. Adults should understand that children learn while they play.B. It is important for children to play and act young.C. Many games help children appreciate potential careers.D. Children should concentrate on their schoolwork above everything else.43. "The grass is always greener on the other side" means _____.A. other situations always seem better than the ones we are inB. people always lack confidence in themselvesC. people prefer to live in a less barren landD. people always want their children to grow up fast44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. an entertaining story45. What does the writer mean by "You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination"?A. The ability to think creatively is worthless.B. The ability to think creatively is invaluable.C. The ability to think creatively helps children develop.D. The ability to thinkeatively is a natural part of childhood.*Unit 31. The Eiffel Tower is such a distinctive feature of Paris that the twohave become synonymous.2. I couldn't stop reading his new best-seller since I was so engagedin the characters.3. I hope for your sake that you're not planning to make a surprise visit.4. Did you really just make a(n) analogy between school and war?5. Please don't distort the truth—you made your decision and now youhave to live with it.6. Settle down and stop being so theatrical; the world is not going toend.7. It must've taken a lot of courage to proclaim independence like that.8. It drives me crazy—Carla always knows exactly how to frustrate everyplan I make for the weekend.9. I love listening to Mexican music because the rhythm is so infectious.10. I'm always wary of advertisements for deals that seem too good tobe true.Section B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Next summer, the developers plan to _____ the old school into a museum.A. convertB. converseC. convertsD. converge12. Can you tell me what steps _____ a valid research proposal?A. constitutionB. constituteC. constituentD. consist13. The school received more money and _____ has been able to hire more teachers.A. consequenceB. consequentialC. consequentD. consequently14. Different cultures' varying conceptions of _____ are visible in thetypes of clothes they generally wear.A. jealousyB. modestyC. notorietyD. clarity15. Unfortunately, I didn't practice enough so I failed to _____ for the team.A. qualifyB. succeedC. thriveD. attempt16. Her job is to gather the data and then _____ the results to determine their significance.A. analysisB. analyzeC. analyticalD. analyst17. My _____ clouded my judgment and prevented me from acting rationally when I saw my girlfriend with another man.A. modestyB. clarityC. jealousyD. notoriety18. Jim is in Thailand on vacation; he loves to travel to _____ places.A. eroticB. roboticC. exoticD. mitotic19. Love him or hate him, the President of the United States is one of the most _____ people in the world.A. influentialB. domesticC. instinctiveD. intransigent20. In a change of pace from his recent international focus, the Prime Minister spoke last night about _____ issues.A. exoticB. rhythmicC. expressiveD. domesticSection C: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. Unfortunately, I can't think about anything right now since I'm engaged in a contract dispute with my landlord.22. Warhol's fame is largely due to the fact that he incorporated pop culture references into his art.23. My parents split up when I was four years old, so it was very difficult for me.24. I think my love of nature derives from all the camping trips I took with my parents.25. After several weeks, I finally managed to pin Victor down on a specific date for the photo shoot.26. I saw on the news that soldiers have engaged with rebels in the southern part of the country.27. Donna gives off waves of energy whenever she enters a room.28. The homeless shelter sent out letters to make an appeal for more money.29. Margaret is so shy that her eyes always shy away from mine when I look at her.30. The President's new policy is, so to speak, beneficial for international trade.Part II: Banked ClozeLet me pose a(n) (31)hypothetical situation for you. Imagine that you are very rich and can do almost anything you want. Now imagine that you love art and want to support struggling artists. You decide to (32)commission a painting from a young artist whose work you admire. What would you have him paint?Would you ask for an epic battle set in a(n) (33)mythological world of monsters and fairies or would you ask for a realistic, (34)expressive portrait of yourself? If you chose the latter, you're in good company because that is (35)precisely what I did. I had seen so many beautiful portraits of famous people hanging in museums that I thought it was time to have my very own.It took me a long time to find a highly (36)qualified artist whose work would do justice to my portrait. In the (37)meantime, I studied the artistic process and learned a lot about how art is created. I must admit that, even though I've always admired artists, I never had a full appreciation for their creative talent. I certainly don't have that ability, so I'm incredibly impressed when someone (38)instinctively knows how to create a work of such beauty.I was fairly nervous about seeing my finished portrait. The artist, likewise, was very nervous about showing it to me. In the end, I must admit that he did a(n) (39)sufficient job capturing my likeness. I'm not in love with the painting, but the artist should take (40)consolation in the fact that he did the best he could with his subject. I'm not a very attractive man, so it's almost impossible for my portrait to be beautiful and realistic.Part III: Reading ComprehensionWhen it comes to the arts, many people automatically think of Europe and North America. This is understandable since so many famous artists come from these regions. Many art museums are filled with paintings and drawings from European and North American artists from the past few hundred years. All countries, however, have a unique artistic heritage, so it should come as no surprise that countries throughout Africa and Asia have their own artistic styles and histories.Completely landlocked within Southern Africa, the nation of Botswana is particularly susceptible to cultural trends and influences from surrounding countries, chiefly South Africa. However, there is a burgeoning arts scene native to Botswana, and the country also has a long history of distinct artistic traditions.The oldest evidence of art in the country was found in the Tsodilo Hills, located in northwestern Botswana, in the Kalahari Desert. Dating to 1,000—2,000 years ago, these rock paintings form the highest concentration of rock art in the world and are considered sacred by the San minority culture. Today, the San are known for continuing the ancient arts of decorating ostrich eggshells for jewelry and creating ostrich eggshell beads, which they consider to represent good luck and good fortune. Archaeologists believe this type of bead to be the oldest-known man-made bead; they have been recovered at East and Southern African archaeological digs and dated to 28,000—45,000 years ago.The National Museum and Art Gallery in Gaborone is the centrepiece of modern art in the country. It is widely regarded as one of the best art galleries in Southern Africa; it holds regular exhibitions highlighting the work of local artists and also sponsors an annual celebration for local art and artists. The National Museum also acts as custodian for the cultural heritage and traditions of the country, the duties of which include preservation, education, and promotion. Twentieth and twenty-firstcentury painters include Phillip Segola, Ann Gollifer, and Neo Matome.Spring in Gaborone, the capital city, sees the annual Maitisong Festival—the country's largest celebration of the performing arts. The festival includes free outdoor performances at city arenas as well as ticketed indoor events at Gaborone's theatres and arts venues. Performing arts organizations, such as the Mogwana Dance Troupe, are becoming more popular as more and more people embrace and wish to share their cultural heritage.Local handcrafts, supported in large part by the tourist trade, are generally of the utilitarian variety. Handwoven baskets, one of the specialties associated with Botswana, are of extremely high quality. Made almost exclusively in the Okavango region, they are woven with the leaves of the Mokolwane palm and utilize various roots and barks in order to give the baskets their unique colours and designs (typically associated with the nation's traditional lifestyle). Due to the abundance of cattle livestock, leatherwork has also developed as an important and widespread handcraft. Traditionally used to make clothing, blankets, and sleeping mats, leather is today more often used to make designer bags, belts, and accessories.41. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?A. European art is superior to all other art.B. African art is superior to all other art.C. Every country has a unique artistic tradition.D. Art is only a modern creation.42. Which paragraph discusses the early history of art in Botswana?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.D. Paragraph 6.43. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. All art in Botswana is thoroughly unique to that country.B. Art in Botswana has been influenced by neighbouring countries.C. Art in Botswana is a relatively recent invention.D. All art in Botswana consists of simple decorations.44. This passage is best described as _______.A. narrative fictionB. editorial non-fictionC. first-person historyD. personal memoir45. Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?A. Influential Art of the WorldB. A Critic's Opinion of Art in BotswanaC. Botswana MasterpiecesD. Art Without Notoriety*Unit 4Unit 51. Almost every United States citizen is the descendant of a(n) immigrant by fewer than three generations.2. With a(n) shrug of her shoulders, Nancy showed that she wasn't concerned with their problems.3. Televisions nowadays come with parental controls that help prevent young children from watching certain programmes.4. I don't know about you, but I would never want to encounter a grizzly bear in the woods.。
Unit 3Active Reading 1Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 (b)2 (c) 3(c) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (c)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone or something (lean)2 a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together (sum)3 the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligence and imagination (vision)4 used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation (particularly)5 a feeling that you do not trust someone or something (suspicion)6 to press or move your hands or an object over a surface (rub)5 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 If you are doing an advanced course in something, is it at (a) a high level, or (b) a low level?2 If you peer at something, is it (a) difficult, or (b) easy to see?3 If you get a glimpse of something, do you see it (a) clearly and for a longtime, or (b) not very clearlyand for a short time?4 Is a radical idea (a) traditional and widely accepted, or (b) new and different? (This word indicates some fundamental changes in ideas or actions.)5 If you are in agony about something, do you feel (a) in pain and uncomfortable,or (b) happy andcomfortable?6 If you do something in the presence of someone, are they (a) with you, or (b) somewhere else?7 If someone affirmed something, did they (a) show they respect and approve ofit, or (b) not respect ordisapprove of it?8 If you do something on purpose, do you (a) mean to do it, or (b) do it byaccident?6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in the boxes in Activities4 and 5.1 Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they are afraid of change.2 Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are in the presence of a genius who had an extraordinary vision of the future.3 You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as the handwriting is so bad.4 It doesn’t take an advanced level of intelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be able to work out the sum.5 If you lean forwards, you may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you’ll probably only catch a glimpse of him.6 I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I’m still in agony.7 Tom’s excellent exam results affirmed the teacher’s faith in his ability.8 The police think the fire was started on purpose.7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you thwart something, do you (a) stop it, or (b) encourage it?2 If there is a dearth of something, is there (a) a lot of it, or (b) not enough?3 Does unmitigated encouragement suggest (a) completely positive, or (b) slightly negative support?4 If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, do you think they say (a) nice things, or (b) bad things about the teacher?Active Reading 2Dealing with unfamiliar words4Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. Integrate 2 creative 3 logical 4 transfer 5 critical 6 effective 7identify8. generate 9 recall5 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 transfer2 logical3 effective4 integrate5 critical6 generate7 identify 8 recall 9 creative6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. Youmay need to makeother changes.1 Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particular field. (specialize)2 I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can’t remember where it was we had the conversation. (thrust; the setting in which)3 It’s a very long and difficult book, and I’m afraid people may feel under great pressure when they turn the first pages. (overwhelmed)4 Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensible and practical way. (rational)5 Students can get help with money. (financial)Students can get financial help.6 The amount of help is different from one university to another. (extent; varies) Reading and interpreting8 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 b2 b3 a4 bLanguage in usemuch1 Match the sentences with the uses of much .1 (b)2 (c)3 (a)2 Rewrite the sentences using not think much of.1 I didn’t think that lesson was very good.I didn’t think much of that lesson.2 None of us like the timetable we’ve been given for this term.None of us think much of the timetable we’ve been given for this term.3 I’m afraid I’ve got strong doubts about what I’ve written.I’m afraid I don’t think much of what I’ve written.4 Our professor is always criticizing this book.Our professor doesn’t think much of this book.5 I don’t like the theme of this week’s essay.I don’t think much of the theme of this week’s essay.6 I don’t agree with Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types.I don’t think much of Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types.3 Complete the sentences using much rather or much prefer .1 I’d much rather work in the l ibrary than in my room.2 Li would much rather study with a friend than on her own.3 Personally I much prefer taking notes to being given photocopies.4 Some people would much rather start writing straight away than spend a lot of time reading.Now write two more sentences about your own study preferences. Use much rather and much prefer .• I would much rather listen to lectures than read the lecture notes.• I would much prefer asking questions after class to asking questions in class.4 Rewrite the sentences using much less .1 I can’t even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely can’t speak the language.I can’t even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language.2 Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly not practised. Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised.3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it.Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it.4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so of course they didn’t understandhim.Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much less understood him.5 I haven’t got a PC in my room, so obviously I haven’t got an Internet connection.I haven’t got a PC in my room, much less an Inter net connection.6 I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what he said.I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, much less criticize what he said. while / when + participle5 Rewrite the sentences.1 When you choose a course, think about the amount of study it will require. When choosing a course, you should think about the amount of study it will require.2 When you are writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme. When writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme.3 Always keep a record of your sources when you do research on the Internet. Always keep a record of your sources when doing research on the Internet.4 Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while he is explaining basic concepts.Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while explaining basic concepts.5 I had a brilliant idea while I was sitting in the library this morning.I had a brilliant idea while sitting in the library this morning.subject-verb inversion6 Rewrite the sentences using subject-verb inversion.1 If I had known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.Had I known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.2 I would have corrected the work, if I had noticed the mistake.I would have corrected the work had I noticed the mistake.3 If you had thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.Had you thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.4 If he had shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.Had he shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.5 They would have improved the facilities, if they had received more money from the government.They would have improved the facilities had they received more money from the government.7 Complete the sentences about yourself using the inversion structure Had I + verb.1 I would have enjoyed myself more had I had a higher university entrance exam score for computer science.2 Had I known about this football match, I would have made different arrangements for the weekend.3 I wouldn’t have worked so hard had I known the exam was so easy.4 Had I received this college’s information earlier, I would have gone to a different college.8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 “……在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。
Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 simple (humble)2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong(justify)3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo)4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months(calendar)6 a child, or a young person (youngster)7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm)8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)Unit 8 High days and holidays2705 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recentlybecome more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admitdoes have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from agenuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comfortsof the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind.6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)someone who has lived in America before others arrived?4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happyand relaxed with it?5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or(b) change it?7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state?2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will have good orbad results?3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to whathas been said, adding extra information?4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trick or cheat people, or (b) normalevents in everyday life?6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attentionto it?Language in useBe it / they ...1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Wheth er it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings.Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world fromgetting smaller.Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.fronting2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival.That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas.That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks.Unit 8 High days and holidays2744 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West.That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.as3 Rewrite the sentences using as .1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, theflower sellers were doing a busy trade.On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flow ers for the women in your life, the flowersellers were doing a busy trade.4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the childrenready for school.A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.collocations4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumps because everyone elseseems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card.6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious.7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking.8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you!5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’slove and gratitude. In themorning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with muchcursing and c lattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve theirHigh days and holidays Unit 8275wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet withfury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (☞pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。
Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。
unit 1Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other crabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year?(b) They became more serious.2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(c) Theyd spent all night in the library.3 Which students had already planned their future?(c) The quieter ones who didnt have the best grades.4 Why did the writer go home?(d) It was a national holiday.5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(c) He wanted to tell him something about life.6 What advice did his father give him?Get to know yourself better.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious - the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takes more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there will always be (5) resistance from producers because it's too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your (7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We've seen a place we like and we're applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces of nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it (a) been prepared, or(b) not been prepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?3 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentally and physically?4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post witha rope?5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance?6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) halfempty?7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?8 Ifyou have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or(b) understood it?Reading and interpreting9 Work in pairs. Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.1 In the fall ofourfinal year, our mood changed.Why does the passage begin with a time expression?The use of the time expression, together with the past tense, is a signal that this is a narrative with a sequence of events. The word our indicates that this is a story of personal experience.2 But there was something else.What is the purpose of this short sentence?This indicates that studying for the final exams was not the only concern of the students. So it is a transition from studying for final exams to the next topic getting a job after graduation.3 I went home at Thanksgiving ...Why does the writer change from we to I?Because this changes the focus onto the writer as an individual. The we paragraphs are general background to the main narrative about thc individual, which is coming.4 "So?" he said.What is the effect of the change to direct speech?This change to direct speech opens a moment-by-moment dialogue. This slows down the narrative of events but gives a good impression of how the writer found it difficult to say what he wanted to do and how the father made few comments.5 Crabs fascinated me.How does the focus change with this sentence?The topic shifts to crabs. The sentence also arouses the readers' interest - we expect some fascinating new information ab6ut crabs here. Later, we realize how the topic of crabs,is connected with the son finding a job, and the crabs' behaviour leads the father to give memorable advice.6 My father started the motor and we set off back home.Is this an effective conclusion? Why / Why not?Yes, we don't know what happens next, but the implication is fairly clear that the father would support the son's idea of travel and of being a writer. It makes a better conclusion not to say it explicitly, as it leaves a lot of room for personal interpretation.10 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 What sort of relationship do the father and son have?The son seems afraid of being criticized for his ideas about a career and expects resistance from his father. However, the father actually supports what his son wants, but he makes him think about it by watching the crabs. So at the beginning we feel their relationship may not be good, but later it becomes clear that they have a good relationship and, in fact, their relationship has improved by catching crabs together.2 Do you think the son respects his father?The son does respect his father, and the crab-catching episode adds to this respect because the father finds a good way of showing support to his son and making him think more about his plans.3 Do you think the father understands his son?Yes, because he says, "I kind of wish I'd done that when I was your age." Also, his way of teaching his son - through observing crabs - shows that he understands his son well.4 What is the father trying to tell his son by showing him the crabs?He is teaching his son not to follow conventional expectations and peer pressure. He tells his son not to be pulled back by others, and to find out more about himself- what he enjoys, where his interests and skills are, how he wants to work, because if he doesn't figure these things out, he will never be happy.5 How successful do you think the "crab story" is?It is successful in showing the father-son relationship through catching crabs and it makes readers think about not being pulled back by others.6 Is the father pleased that his son wants to be a writer?He doesn't say so, but it seems he wanted to travel or write when he was young himself. His use of the words, "Interesting idea" and "Interesting choice", could be ambiguous, or may show support. The way he says "We've never had a writer in the family" does seem to be positive. So he's pleased but he doesn't want to say it directly.Developing critical thinking11 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 How important is it to be ambitious in life?It is a complicated question. On the one hand, it seems good to be ambitious because most people want to be successful and having an ambition probably makes you work harder for your goals and that's good. On the other hand, we feel some reservations. Some people are ambitious to be extremely rich, famous or powerful. We really wonder whether these are the most important things, because some ambitious people seem to work only for themselves, so they work against other people rather than for or with others. On balance, we suppose it is important to be ambitious, but it depends on exactly what kind of ambition you are thinking of.2 Is being ambitious a positive part of personality?Well, this is one of those qualities which are OK as long as you don't go to extremes. We think it probably depends on how ambition is related to the rest of your personality. What we mean is this: If a person only focuses on ambition it can get out of proportion - too much ambition can lead to all sorts of negative aspects of a personality. But being ambitious can be very positive if it is related to other positive qualities like wanting to make an effort and do your best with honesty and sincerity, and also to help your family, other people and your country. So our conclusion is: Yes, ambition is a positive part of personality as long as it is related to other positive qualities.2 How much time should students spend planning their future?Well, if you don't spend any time planning a future, it may never happen. If you spend too much time planning it, it won't happen either, because you won't actually be doing anything about it, only thinking.We think the father in Catching crabs is right: You need to spend some time thinking about what you enjoy and what interests you, where your skills are, and then plan to try some jobs in those areas in order to discover what you are good at and what makes you happy. We think, as students, this is as much a matter of thinking and planning as of trying out different things, for example, doing part-time jobs and holiday work to get experience. So we conclude by saying that planning and doing go together, really.Is it part of a university's role to help students choose a career?Universities are supposed to teach students advanced knowledge and skills within different disciplines, to help them develop their thinking, creativity and awareness of citizenship, cultures and peoples in the world. Of course, helping students choose a career is not the same as getting them work. It is more a matter of helping them identify what they are good at and how their majors may prepare them for different professions. We think universities can help us choose a career by providing information about different professions and jobs, and by inviting professionals and employers in different fields to universities to talk to students. So, to conclude, yes, we think this is part of a university's role, a small but important part.。
Unit 4active reading (1)3 1 3 94(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualiza (5)bet (6)ascertain (7)marbin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl5(1)visualiza (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)marbins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling6(1)inquisitive (2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts (6)dispirited (7)prohibitively7 b a b b a bacctive reading(2)3 b c b b b a5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation (7)implication (8)horizons6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast (4)implication (5)economics horizons7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering (5)stability (6)curse8 a a b a b a a a a bLanuage in use61(a)Yes,i do.but other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don't want to spoil the book.(b)The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c)They may face social and econommic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find it difficult to join the malinstream society.(d)The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2(a)You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people ignorance and most people do not like to show this in public.(b)It's a human excuse because it means that you didn't know the law on that point , but it is not a legal excuse.(c)Yes.in the early days of the stock market in china, some people bought shares in the belief that all shares would like money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. they bought the shares in ignorance about how the manket works and they had little idea of the risks.3(a)I would feel complimented because that's a nice thing to say to anyone.(b)It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg they large number of opponents.(c)Not at all,because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical andit is very difficult to climb without training。
Unit 4active reading (1)3 1 3 94(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualiza (5)bet (6)ascertain (7)marbin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl5(1)visualiza (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)marbins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling6(1)inquisitive (2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts (6)dispirited (7)prohibitively7 b a b b a bacctive reading(2)3 b c b b b a5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation (7)implication (8)horizons6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast (4)implication (5)economics horizons7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering (5)stability (6)curse8 a a b a b a a a a bLanuage in use61(a)Yes,i do.but other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don't want to spoil the book.(b)The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c)They may face social and econommic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find it difficult to join the malinstream society.(d)The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2(a)You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people ignorance and most people do not like to show this in public.(b)It's a human excuse because it means that you didn't know the law on that point , but it is not a legal excuse.(c)Yes.in the early days of the stock market in china, some people bought shares in the belief that all shares would like money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. they bought the shares in ignorance about how the manket works and they had little idea of the risks.3(a)I would feel complimented because that's a nice thing to say to anyone.(b)It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg they large number of opponents.(c)Not at all,because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical andit is very difficult to climb without training。
新标准大学英语3Unit1Active reading(1)4. b c c d c a5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy8.b a b b b a b bActive reading(2)4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite6.a b a a b b a a7.a b b a a b b b aLanguage in useUnit2Active reading5.definite perpetual whirl blaze giggle prompt tumble6.prompted definite whirl perpetual blazing giggling tumbled7.blinked barren tag torture resemblance napkin8.a a b a a b a a a b bActive reading4.d a b d c c5.a a a b a a a6.notion continual dependent on ethnic largely temptation outsiders reluctance external7.a b a a b a b aLanguage in use3.（1）fires blazed (2)hair tumbled (3)close-knit /tight-knit(4)knit brows/eyebrows(5)sun blazing (6)knit jumper/hat (7)prices tumbleUnit3active reading(1)1 D D2 B C B B B A4 (1)constitute (2)simultaneously (3)qualified (4)rhythm (5)derive (6)composer (7)sufficiently5 (1)composer (2)constitute (3)simultaneously (4)qualified (5)sufficiently(6)rhythm (7)derived6 (1)proclaim (2)analogy (3)clarity (4)for the sake of (5)potent(6)costumes7 a b a a b a a aactive reading(2)3 (1)It's a world-famous portrait painted by Vermeer around 1665.(2)Griet,a young girl who is thought to work in Vermeer's house.(3)The setting and some of the main ideas are factual but the details of the story are speculation and fiction.(4)Griet was a maid in Vermeer's household and she became his model.Vermeer thought she had some artistic talent.(5)Vermeer's daughter and wife found out that Griet was modeling for Vermeer.Griet got embarrassed when the wife stormed into the studio,so she left.(6)According to the film,the earrings are finally delivered to Griet and the audience is left wondering if she marries Pieter.The novel does not talk about it.4 b c a b a b a c b b5(1)viewer (2)portrait (3)domestic (4)interior (5)consequently (6)engage (7)commission6(1)portraits (2)commission (3)domestic (4)interiors (5)consequently (6)engage (7)viewer7(1)converted (2)grind (3)distort (4)pierce (5)scandals (6)features (7)in the meantime8 b a a b a b a a alanguage in use51 (a)It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes.(b)They are liked by many people.(c)It asks people to give money,probably for a charity.(d)They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward with any relevant information.2 (a)You have lots of medicl qualifications.(b)It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.(c)They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.3 (a)You are planning to get married with the person.(b)The government forces are fighting the rebels.(c)You talk to them and try to interest them in a converstaion.4(a)You can exchange the money in banks at the airport, a according to the current exchange rate.you should be sure to check the exchange rate becauce it can change from day to day.(b)They convert into beds so that pepple can use them for overnight guests.(c)They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural ones.5(a)The beans or seeds become powder.(b)No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.(c)It stops slowly and will prpbalay become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly.Unit 4active reading (1)3 1 3 94(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualiza (5)bet (6)ascertain (7)marbin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl5(1)visualiza (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)marbins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling6(1)inquisitive (2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts(6)dispirited (7)prohibitively7 b a b b a bacctive reading(2)3 b c b b b a5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation (7)implication (8)horizons6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast (4)implication (5)economics horizons7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering (5)stability (6)curse8 a a b a b a a a a bLanuage in use61(a)Yes,i do.but other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don't want to spoil the book.(b)The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c)They may face social and econommic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may find it difficult to join the malinstream society.(d)The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2(a)You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people ignorance and most people do not like to show this in public.(b)It's a human excuse because it means that you didn't know the law on that point , but it is not a legal excuse.(c)Yes.in the early days of the stock market in china, some people bought shares in the belief that all shares would like money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. they bought the shares in ignorance about how the manket works and they had little idea of the risks.3(a)I would feel complimented because that's a nice thing to say toanyone.(b)It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg they large number of opponents.(c)Not at all,because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training。
Unit 3Active Reading 1Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 (b)2 (c) 3(c) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (c)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone or something (lean)2 a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together (sum)3 the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligence and imagination (vision)4 used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation (particularly)5 a feeling that you do not trust someone or something (suspicion)6 to press or move your hands or an object over a surface (rub)5 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 If you are doing an advanced course in something, is it at (a) a high level, or (b) a low level?2 If you peer at something, is it (a) difficult, or (b) easy to see?3 If you get a glimpse of something, do you see it (a) clearly and for a longtime, or (b) not very clearlyand for a short time?4 Is a radical idea (a) traditional and widely accepted, or (b) new and different? (This word indicates some fundamental changes in ideas or actions.)5 If you are in agony about something, do you feel (a) in pain and uncomfortable,or (b) happy andcomfortable?6 If you do something in the presence of someone, are they (a) with you, or (b) somewhere else?7 If someone affirmed something, did they (a) show they respect and approve ofit, or (b) not respect ordisapprove of it?8 If you do something on purpose, do you (a) mean to do it, or (b) do it byaccident?6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in the boxes in Activities4 and 5.1 Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they are afraid of change.2 Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are in the presence of a genius who had an extraordinary vision of the future.3 You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as the handwriting is so bad.4 It doesn’t take an advanced level of intelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be able to work out the sum.5 If you lean forwards, yo u may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you’ll probably only catch a glimpse of him.6 I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I’m still in agony.7 Tom’s excellent exam results affirmed the teacher’s faith in his ability.8 The police think the fire was started on purpose.7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you thwart something, do you (a) stop it, or (b) encourage it?2 If there is a dearth of something, is there (a) a lot of it, or (b) not enough?3 Does unmitigated encouragement suggest (a) completely positive, or (b) slightly negative support?4 If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, do you think they say (a) nice things, or (b) bad things about the teacher?Active Reading 2Dealing with unfamiliar words4Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. Integrate 2 creative 3 logical 4 transfer 5 critical 6 effective 7identify8. generate 9 recall5 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 transfer2 logical3 effective4 integrate5 critical6 generate7 identify 8 recall 9 creative6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. Youmay need to makeother changes.1 Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particular field. (specialize)2 I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can’t remember where it was we had the conversation. (thrust; the setting in which)3 It’s a very long and difficult book, and I’m afraid people may feel under great pressure when they turn the first pages. (overwhelmed)4 Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensible and practical way. (rational)5 Students can get help with money. (financial)Students can get financial help.6 The amount of help is different from one university to another. (extent; varies) Reading and interpreting8 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 b2 b3 a4 bLanguage in usemuch1 Match the sentences with the uses of much .1 (b)2 (c)3 (a)2 Rewrite the sentences using not think much of.1 I didn’t think that lesson was very good.I didn’t think much of that lesson.2 None of us like the timetable we’ve been given for this term.None of us think much of the timetable we’ve been given for this term.3 I’m afraid I’ve got strong doubts about what I’ve written.I’m afraid I don’t think much of what I’ve written.4 Our professor is always criticizing this book.Our professor doesn’t think much of this book.5 I don’t like the theme of this week’s essay.I don’t think much of the theme of this week’s essay.6 I don’t agree with Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types.I don’t think much of Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learni ng types.3 Complete the sentences using much rather or much prefer .1 I’d much rather work in the library than in my room.2 Li would much rather study with a friend than on her own.3 Personally I much prefer taking notes to being given photocopies.4 Some people would much rather start writing straight away than spend a lot of time reading.Now write two more sentences about your own study preferences. Use much rather and much prefer .• I would much rather listen to lectures than read the lecture notes.• I would much prefer asking questions after class to asking questions in class.4 Rewrite the sentences using much less .1 I can’t even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely can’t speak the language.I can’t even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language.2 Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly not practised. Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised.3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it.Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it.4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so of course they didn’t understandhim.Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much less understood him.5 I haven’t got a PC in my room, so obviously I haven’t got an Internet connection.I haven’t got a PC in my room, much less an Internet connection.6 I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what he said.I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson,much less criticize what he said. while / when + participle5 Rewrite the sentences.1 When you choose a course, think about the amount of study it will require. When choosing a course, you should think about the amount of study it will require.2 When you are writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme. When writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme.3 Always keep a record of your sources when you do research on the Internet. Always keep a record of your sources when doing research on the Internet.4 Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while he is explaining basic concepts.Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while explaining basic concepts.5 I had a brilliant idea while I was sitting in the library this morning.I had a brilliant idea while sitting in the library this morning.subject-verb inversion6 Rewrite the sentences using subject-verb inversion.1 If I had known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.Had I known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.2 I would have corrected the work, if I had noticed the mistake.I would have corrected the work had I noticed the mistake.3 If you had thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.Had you thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.4 If he had shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.Had he shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.5 They would have improved the facilities, if they had received more money from the government.They would have improved the facilities had they received more money from the government.7 Complete the sentences about yourself using the inversion structure Had I + verb.1 I would have enjoyed myself more had I had a higher university entrance exam score for computer science.2 Had I known about this football match, I would have made different arrangements for the weekend.3 I wouldn’t have worked so hard had I known the exam was so easy.4 Had I received this college’s information earl ier, I would have gone to a different college.8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 “……在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。
第3册全新版大学英语综合教程Unit8课后答案第3册全新版大学英语综合教程Unit8课后答案Text AContent questions1.at his mother’s funeral, the writer swore that one day he’d do something about conditions like hers2.one night,the writer went out for dreinks with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS. They talked about their parents then and wanted to do something as a legacy for them. The stem cell research company Stemagen thus came into existence3.they are concerned about the reproductive possibilities of cloning when Dolly was born4.human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong because the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actuallyabnormal,with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth,etc.5.the writer shows a positive attitude towards therapeutic cloning. He holds that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of rist to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings who are undergoing some awful things.6.the writer honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it7.because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the world know that cloning is coming along8.their purpose in creating disease-specific stem cell lines is to study the causes of specific diseases,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. If the stem cell lines are created forany given individual and are later transplated back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.9.the writer holds that in reality it is transcendent because when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long ago, at least in part10.it brought teras to his eyes because the research was donefor his mother,and he realized that if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her11.in the process of analysis, the embroys were destroyed by necessity. In other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, they had to destroy the cell\12.because the writer thinks that logically, an embryo is not life, although it is a potential life. The vast majorityof embroys never become life—they just generate , don't implant and dieLanguage sense enhancement1) in some ways 2)make the most of 3)individual 4)replicated5)roadmap 6)in place 7) resulst from 8)dissuade 9)Quite honestly10)legislateVocabulary1.1) complications 2)tremendous 3)brillian 4)analysis \5)transplant , transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways 9)eyesight10)in reality 11)implanted 12) procedures2. 1)focus 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through5)carry out 6)work on 7)feed on 8)settled over3. 1)resulted from a childhood illness2)was condemmed by the trade unions as endangering jobs3)in place,even those with presistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behaviour5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer4. 1)misconceptions, potential, make the most of ,2)donated, cntentious issue, and opponents3)a fraud , in some ways, condemn himII Collocation1)permission to adopt her2)a willingness to restart peace talks3)failure to find meaning in life4)his determination to realize his ideals5)attempt to blow up the bridge6)an opportunity to pursue a college degree。
Unit8Active reading (1)Language points1 She was called Katya, a dewy-eyed, sweet girl from Voronezh, who accepted Yakov on his ownreckoning. (Para 1)As dew falls in the early morning and symbolizes innocence and newness, the word dewy-eyed meansinnocent and lacking in experience about life.Reckoning means one’s own view and account.The sentence means that an innocent-looking girl from a less sophisticated city than Moscow was willingto believe Yakov’s own high opinion of himself.2 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’s love and gratitude. (Para 2)To bask means to relax in the sun. Here it depicts how comfortable and pleasant Soviet women feel on thisday.3 Their husbands, with much cursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family … (Para 2)The expression with much cursing and clattering of pans means with a lot of swearing and bangingabout – as they were not used to doing it, they made many mistakes.4 A Soviet woman’s days are usually taken up with … nipping out of work at lunchtime to buysomething for dinner … (Para 3)To nip out means to go out for a very short time probably unofficially. It is a slang and is similar to theexpressions pop out and sneak out.5 Their husbands … by drinking themselves into a stupor with toasts “to our beloved ladies …”(Para 4)Stupor is a state in which you cannot think, speak, see, or hear clearly, usually because you have drunktoo much alcohol. Sadly, Russia does have a serious alcoholism problem and early death from overconsumptionof vodka is far too common.6 “I certainly will,” said Yakov, squeezing in between Liza Minelli and Katya and draping an armaround each of them. (Para 10)Yakov fit in between Liza Minelli and Katya although they were sitting close together, and put an armaround each girl.7 Yuri and Emily arrived and we covered blinis with thick sour cream and red caviar and drankchampagne, as families did all over Voronezh. (Para 13)Sour cream is fermented cream, which is smoother and thicker. Eastern European food is noted for its sourflavours.Caviar usually refers to the roe or eggs of the sturgeon, a large fish, and is a very expensive special food.It can also refer to other commoner fish roes.Unit 8 High days and holidays264Reading and understanding4 Answer the questions.1 How well does the writer know the Soviet Union?Not very well. The others have to explain the tradition of International Women’s Day to the writer.2 What was Yakov doing when the writer met him?He was buying roses.3 Where does the writer live?Room 99 of a hostel.4 What do the Russian men do on International Wome n’s Day?They buy flowers for the women in their life and do some house chores for them.5 What kind of daily life do Russian women usually have?They have a very busy life with lots of chores to do.6 What do the Russian men do after they’ve prepared breakfast for their wives? They meet up with friends and drink themselves into a stupor.7 What is the usual number of flowers to buy in Russia?An odd number.8 Why did Yakov buy 14 flowers?He planned to give Katya five flowers and the girls in Room 99 three for each. Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to put something somewhere in a careless way, especially something that is heavy (dump)2 to lie, sit, or lean in a relaxed or lazy way (lounge)3 loved very much by someone (beloved)4 to move somewhere quietly and secretly so that no one can see you or hear you(sneak)5 a feeling of very strong anger that usually does not last very long (fury)6 to talk about other people or about things that are not important (gossip) 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 I unexpectedly met an old friend in the shopping mall yesterday. (bumped into)2 The men demonstrate how true and honest their love for their wives is by drinkinga lot. (sincere)3 While the men are doing the shopping, the women will clean the carpets, and dust the room. (vacuum)4 Please remain here and wait for a while – she will come back soon. (stick around)5 I think it is a good idea to soak clothes before washing them. (advisable)6 After hearing what he had been through, her eyes were full of tears. (filled up with)High days and holidays Unit 82657 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If someone is dewy-eyed, are they likely to (a) lack experience about life, or (b) be in love?2 If someone accepts you on your own reckoning, do they (a) accept you without considering if you arewhat you claim to be, or (b) have a clear idea of your real character?3 If you bask in your fame, do you (a) feel bothered, or (b) enjoy being famous?4 Does charred mean (a) black and burnt, or (b) cooked perfectly?5 If something shrivels in the summer heat, does it (a) grow rapidly, or (b) become smaller and not fresh?6 If someone’s face turns scarlet, is it because they feel (a) embarrassed or angry, or (b) tired and hungry?7 If you go to bed on the dot of 11 pm, do you sleep (a) at exactly 11 pm, or(b) around 11 pm?8 If you pop into somewhere, do you (a) go there only for a short time, or (b) stay there for a long time?9 If someone is in a stupor, are they unable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, orunable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, or(b) not completely conscious?Active reading (2)Chinese or Western, it’s a time to relaxLanguage points1 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent. (Para 4)The word justified means having an acceptable explanation or reason. The writer then gives theexplanation in the following sentence.2 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes … (Para 5) The writer does not want to get into the question of whether what has happened has been good or bad. Thepoint is to agree that there has been change and it has consequences.3 Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. (Para 5)The expression get a feel for something means to be accustomed to something or to have or develop anunderstanding of something and skill in doing it.4 Nothing comes without a rider in this global market. (Para 6)A rider is an American expression for a clause added to a law or legal document, often setting an extracondition.The sentence means nothing in the modern world comes without some unexpected or unwantedconsequences.5 Be it on the mainland or in the highly developed West or in the poorest of societies, a festival carriesthe same meaning. (Para 7)The sentence means festivals have the same meaning whether in China, the advanced economies of theWest or the least developed nations.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The writer thinks the Chinese celebrate Christmas because (d) .(a) it’s a Western festival(b) the world has undergone a great deal of change(c) it’s a festival which carries the same meaning in both the East and the West(d) it has become a festival which is celebrated around the world, and everyone can relax during thattimeHigh days and holidays Unit 82692 Some scholars fear that celebrating Christmas in China (a) .(a) may threaten Chinese culture(b) means that the Chinese blindly follow the West in every way(c) causes Chinese festivals to lose their charm(d) is a good example of Western decadence3 The Chinese attach more importance to Christmas than a couple of decades ago because (b) .(a) television and the Internet have become uniting factors(b) changes throughout the world make them look differently at the world and at China’s place in it(c) we belong to a global village(d) most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar4 Enjoying a Western festival doesn’t mean that (c) .(a) the Chinese approve of Western decadence(b) the Chinese are left untouched by the festive season(c) the Chinese follow the West without thinking(d) the Chinese culture is free of decadence5 The writer believes that the scholars and students (b) .(a) can save society from the influence of a world which is getting smaller(b) have a point of view which should not be rejected(c) are what are referred to as conservatives(d) are right in thinking Chinese festivals have lost their charm6 The basic message of Christmas (d) .(a) is similar to Eastern principles of helping others(b) has the same charm as Chinese festivals(c) is one of Western culture, which attracts youngsters more than other Chinese(d) is one of goodness, love of mankind and help for the poor which is relevant to everyoneDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 simple (humble)2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong(justify)3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo)4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months(calendar)6 a child, or a young person (youngster)7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm)8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)Unit 8 High days and holidays2705 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recentlybecome more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admitdoes have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from agenuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comfortsof the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind.6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)someone who has lived in America before others arrived?4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happyand relaxed with it?5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or(b) change it?7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state?2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will have good orbad results?3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to whathas been said, adding extra information?4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trickor cheat people, or (b) normalevents in everyday life?6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attentionto it?Language in useBe it / they ...1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Whether it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings.Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.fronting2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival.That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas.That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’enjoying breaks.Unit 8 High days and holidays2744 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West.That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.as3 Rewrite the sentences using as .1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, theflower sellers were doing a busy trade.On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, the flowersellers were doing a busy trade.4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the childrenready for school.A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.collocations4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumpsbecause everyone elseseems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card.6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious.7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking.8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you!5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’slove and gratitude. In themorning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with muchcursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve theirHigh days and holidays Unit 8275wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet withfury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。
Unit 8一、词汇短语PART 2. Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class Readingheredity [ n. 遗传，遗传性；遗传的特征【例句】Modern medical search results have proved that some diseases are present by heredity.现代医学研究成果证明有些疾病是遗传的。
to a large extent在很大程度上predestination n. 预定，预言；天数；天缘【例句】Our acquaintanceships are accidental, perhaps this is by chance a predestination.我们的相识是偶然的，也许这偶然是一场缘分。
vacuum [n. 真空，空间；真空吸尘器【例句】Her death left a vacuum in his life. 她去世后，他的生活很空虚。
【词组】vacuum sth. (out) 用真空吸尘器清扫(某物)【助记】va-挖cu-铜um-你妈为了挖铜，你妈竟然用上了真空吸尘器。
observable[] adj. 看得见的，显著的n. [物] 可观察量；感觉到的事物【例句】Similar trends are observable in mainland Europe. 类似的趋势在欧洲大陆也能见到。
【词组】an observable improvement 看得出的改进identical [adj. (to. with)同一的，同样的【例句】We are identical in our views of what should be done. 我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。
【词组】be identical to/with 和…的一模一样【助记】ident(同一性)+ical(形容词后缀)→同一的respond n. & v. 回答；(to)响应，做出反应【例句】I offered him a drink but he didn’t respond. 我请他喝酒，但他未作回答。
新世纪⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程3课后习题答案完整版UNIT8Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What should you do when you are traveling abroad according to the speaker?A) Get to know about the manners of the foreign country.B) Try to remember your own manners.C) Read some books about the manners of that country.D) Observe closely the foreigners’ manners.2) How do Americans feel when Chinese point to the nose to ind icate ―me‖?A) They think it strange. B) They feel it funny.C) They find it amazing. D) They feel puzzled.3) Who never bothers to use two hands to give or receive a gift?A) Chinese. B) Bulgarians.C) Indians. D) Americans.4) To Indians, what is the left hand used for?A) Serving dishes. B) Passing food at table.C) Washing themselves. D) Showing disagreement.5) What does the passage mainly tell us?A) It is necessary to adapt to different cultures.B) Cultural misunderstanding is common today.C) Cultural differences are a worthy topic to study.D) People of different cultures may have different manners.Task Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.1) When Chinese stamp their feet to show anger , Americans interpret this as showing impatience . Chinese clap for themselves after a speech. Americans may see this as being immodest .2) Americans may pat other adults on the head to show sympathy, affection, or encouragement. This behavior could insult Chinese.3) A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there think it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.4) Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at the other to show that he is disagreeing. But in many other parts of India a rotating movement of the head is to show agreement .5) In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander.Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) What causes culture shock according to the author?Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing the familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs and symbols include all the countless ways and means we resort to for daily survival.2) How does an individual feel when he or she enters a strange culture?Like a fish out of water, he or she feels frustrated and anxious.3) How do people react to the frustration and anxiety caused by culture shock? At first they may reject the environment which causes the discomfort, thinking that the ways of the host country are bad because they make them feel bad. And then they may enter another phase of culture shock, which is called―regression‖. They start missing their home country and the home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. All the difficulties and problems back home are forgotten and only the good things are remembered.4) What is the relationship between culture and the individual?The individual lives not only in a physical environment but also in a cultural environment. The individual must learn the culture he or she is born into because he or she is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. Once learned, culture becomes a way of life.5) What is ethnocentrism and what characterizes it?Ethnocentrism is a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. People with this attitude identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark that is rude to the individual as well as to the race or the nation. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.6) What can we do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible?To get over culture shock as quickly as possible, we have to get to know the people of the host country. For this purpose, we must, first of all, learn its language. When we are able to talk with the natives of the host country, we will be confident and a whole new world of cultural meanings will open up for us. Then, we must try to find out the value and interest pattern of the native people. In this way, we can find it quite easy to get people to talk to us and be interested in us. Thirdly, we can join the activities of the people, whether it is a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1–3 We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Two 4–6 Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other people’s cultural background and our l ack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment.Three 7–9 To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1. We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. (Para. 1)People working under the same conditions may contract occupational diseases owing to the dangers associated with the work. More broadly and figuratively,as here, the phrase ―occupational disease‖ can be applied to the unpleasant consequences associated with any activity.2. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. (Para. 2)These familiar cues can exactly tell us what to do and how to do things, which helps us deal successfully with the various situations we encounter. Without these numerous cues, we cannot enjoy peace of mind or efficiency in work and life.3. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. (Para. 3)When you step into a new culture, you tend to feel that your own culture back home is the best; it is only after you return to your homeland that you will find the culture of your own nation or race is by no means perfect.4. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. (Para. 4) Culture develops and accumulates through a long but hardly noticeable process.5. It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups. (Para. 5)People tend to regard their own culture and lifestyles as the best; meanwhile, they tend to regard the behavior of an individual from another culture as apermanent trait of his or her national group. Accordingly, an awareness of this fact should help us deal with a new culture more successfully.6. But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you. (Para. 7)Language is the principal symbol system of communication. Knowing the language of the host country is a principal means by which we can settle down comfortably and confidently in a new culture.Task Three Voicing Your ViewsA Chinese marketing manager in Beijing was sent to Los Angeles for a two-year sales promotion. It should have been a thrilling experience but, like a fish out of water, he felt very uncomfortable soon after he got there. Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the challenges he might have possibly met and the symptoms of his discomfort. And then give him some suggestions so that he could get over culture shock as quickly as possible.Write down your outlines first and then present your ideas to the whole class.ChallengesThe following tips may be of some help.1. He cannot communicate well;2. He is not familiar with the transportation system;3. He does not know how to make purchases;4. He cannot adapt to the food;5. He finds difficulties in seeing a doctor;6. He does not know how to open a bank account, etc.Symptoms1. anxiety, frustration, depression, and resentment;2. insomnia, loneliness, and homesickness;3. rejection of the new environment and unwillingness to interact with others;4. lack of confidence; feelings of insecurity or helplessness;5. compulsive eating and drinking, etc.Suggestions1. He should learn English well;2. He should learn about the gestures, facial expressions, customs, values, and beliefsof the American people;3. He should maintain contact with Chinese people for a sense of belonging;4. He should participate in community activities to get familiar with the Americanculture;5. He should value relationships at work to get support;6. He should follow his ambition and continue his plan for the future, etc.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Put down the right word from Text B in the space provided according to the given definition. The first letter of each word is already given.Example: f orgettable: not important or good enough to be remembered1) s lice: cut into thin flat pieces2) t ender: easy to bite through; soft3) p roof: facts, information, documents, etc., that prove sth.4) f uneral: a ceremony, usu. religious, of burying or burning a dead person5) p reserve: prepare (food) for being kept for a long time by some special treatment6) f amiliarity: the freedom of behaviour usu. only expected in the most friendly relations7) p roclaim: make (esp. news of national importance) known publicly, esp. using speech rather than writing8) i ngredient: any of the things that are formed into a mixture when making sth., esp. in cooking2 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from Text B. Both the explanation and the number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears are given in brackets. Be sure to use the proper form.Example:She’s against the idea, but I’m sure I can win her over .(gain the support of, often by persuading: Para. 1)1) I like the house but I think the price is a bit on the high side .(rather; too: Para. 6)2) Remember to hold your breath when you dive into the water.(stop breathing for a short time: Para. 7)3) Be careful. The road is icy, wet, and slippery .(difficult to stand on without slipping: Para. 15)4) Half drunk, Michael got up and helped ... to some more brandy.(serve oneself with food, drink, etc.: Para. 16)5) I invited her to join us, but she declined .(refuse (a request or offer), usu. politely: Para. 17)6) You can improve the flavor of the sauce by adding a little red wine.(the quality of tasting good: Para. 20)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1) Why did the narrator ask her boyfriend to praise her mother’s cooking? Because her mother was proud of her skill of cooking. By asking her boyfriend to praise her mother’s cooking the narrator hoped that he would win her mother’s favor. 2) What was her mother’s first impression of Rich?He looked rather plain with too many freckles across his nose.3) What mistakes did Rich make at the dinner table?At dinner he drank two full glasses of the French wine he had brought while everybody else had a half-inch ―just for taste.‖He did not know how to use chopsticks and how to show appreciation for the food the mother cooked. He ate big portions of the dish he liked, instead of taking only a polite spoonful. He declined the tender and expensive new greens the narrator’s mother had carefully prepared. What is worse, he spoiled the flavor of the mother’s famous dish by pouring too much soy sauce into it.4) Why did the narrator shudder when she remembered how Rich parted with her parents?When he shook hands with her parents, Rich showed that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients and he addressed them by their first names, which sounded quite impolite. Nobody except a few older family friends, had ever called them by their first names.5) What did Rich think of the evening?He thought it was good and that everything had gone well that night. He was expecting to see the narrator’s parents again.6) Why didn’t the narrator tell her mother that she was getting married? Because at every possible moment when she was alone with her mother, her mother would be voicing her dissatisfaction with Rich. So the narrator did not have a chance —not even the courage — to tell her mother about her marriage plan.7) Why couldn’t Rich understand the narrator’s mother?It was the cultural differences that caused their misunderstanding. Rich did not know much about Chinese table manners and he took others’ words literally.2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1) She can only cook looking at a recipe. (Para. 4)She is poor at cooking and could not cook creatively; no one would enjoy the dishes she cooked.2) Rich obviously had had a different opinion on how the evening had gone. (Para. 23)Rich didn’t realize at all how serious his mistakes were in my parents’ eyes. Instead, he thought what he had done was proper in the situation.3) When we got home that night, I was still shuddering, remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents’ hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients. (Para. 23)He did not realize that he had shaken my parents’ hands in a way that had irritated them.4) How long d oes it take to say, Mom, Dad, I’m getting married? (Para. 26)It is extremely easy to tell them that you are getting married.Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.Text A abroad dictate reject transmit transplant tremendousText B burst delay flavor proof slice slippery splash tender1) Do you have any proof that it was Jeremy who stole the bike?2) Could you slice a piece of cake for me? I want to taste it.3) A large number of trains were delayed because of bad weather conditions.4) Laura rejected all her parents’ offers of financial help and started to make an independent living.5) The company has increased its share of the market both at home and abroad .6) The tennis club rules dictate that suitable tennis shoes must be worn on the courts.7) I’m afraid I’d have to throw away my T-shirt because there are splashes of paint on it.8) To make the meat tender enough for my grandmother, I cooked it for a long time.9) It has been raining for a whole week and the dam is likely to burst under the heavy weight of water.10) The food we had last night had no flavor at all; perhaps we should go to another restaurant next time.11) Some diseases are transmitted from parents to children; they are called hereditary diseases.12) My uncle has spent a tremendous amount of money on that house — much greater than he had expected.13) The stepping-stones (踏脚⽯) look really slippery ; I don’t think I will be able to get across the stream without getting wet.14) Adults are often less flexible (随遇⽽安的), so they need more time to adapt themselves to the new surroundings when they are transplanted to another place.2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.Text A a fish out of water as such build up by means of enter into get over identify oneself with open up orient oneself to result fromText B from head to toe hold one’s breath on the … side win over1) I’m afraid I shall be like a fish out of water if I live abroad.2) It’s a traditional Chinese custom for a bride (新娘) to be dressed in red from head to toe .3) Everything here is new to me; I need some time to orient myself to the new surroundings.4) He is a child, and must be treated as such ; it’s unreasonable to treat him like an adult.5) This hat is a bit on the small side for me. Would you please show me a bigger one?6) While traveling in Italy I made myself understood mainly by means of sign language.7) Talk to someone or a professional about your problems. Don’t let your depression build up .8) He disagrees at the moment, but I’m sure we can win him over to our point of view.9) They are reluctant to identify themselves with any organizations because they hate to get involved in any public affairs.10) The doctor told me it was only a stomach upset, not food poisoning, and I would get over it in a day or two.11) They refuse to enter into any discussion on this matter; therefore the problem can’t be solved for the time being.12) Soon after she settled down in the city she realized that a completely new life was opening up before her.13) He explained that his bad temper resulted from his lack of sleep; he had been working for three days and nights without any rest.14) Only two out of the twenty applicants could get the jobs offered; we all held our breath while waiting for the results to be announced.Increasing Your Word Power1 Study the following confusable words and fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the proper words. Be sure to use them in their proper forms.accusecharge (sb.) with doing wrong or breaking the law 指责，谴责；控告，告发accuse sb. of (doing) sth.He was accused of robbery.blameconsider (sb. or sth.) responsible for (sth. bad) 责怪，怪罪，把…归咎于blame sb.blame sth. on sb.blame sb. for (doing) sth.be to blame for (doing) sth.1. Don’t blame me if it doesn’t work—it’s not my fault.2. She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.3. She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.4. Which driver was to blame for the accident?chargebring an esp. criminalcharge against / state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime; accuse 控告；指控charge sb. with (doing) sth.He was charged with stealing the jewels.condemnexpress very strong disapproval of (sb. or sth.) 谴责，强烈指责condemn sb. / sth. as1. Many people would condemn violence of any sort.2. The law has been condemned by its opponents as an attack on personal liberty.criticizejudge with disapproval; point out the faults of 批评；指责criticize sb. for (doing) sth.The report strongly criticizes the police for failing to deal with this problem.scoldspeak angrily and complainingly to (sb. who has done sth. wrong) 责骂；斥责scold sb. for (doing) sth.Did you scold her for breaking the window?1) She is charged with murdering her husband.2) We love peace and we strongly condemn war.3) If I walk in wearing muddy boots, Dad will scold me.4) The children were not to blame for the accident. It was not their fault.5) The man had been accused of kidnapping (绑架) a movie star and was found guilty in court.6) The terrorist action was condemned as an act of cruelty and barbarism (野蛮).7) Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother since she never encourages him.。
Unit8Active reading (1)Language points1 She was called Katya, a dewy-eyed, sweet girl from Voronezh, who accepted Yakov on his ownreckoning. (Para 1)As dew falls in the early morning and symbolizes innocence and newness, the word dewy-eyed meansinnocent and lacking in experience about life.Reckoning means one’s own view and account.The sentence means that an innocent-looking girl from a less sophisticated city than Moscow was willingto believe Yakov’s own high opinion of himself.2 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’s love and gratitude. (Para 2)To bask means to relax in the sun. Here it depicts how comfortable and pleasant Soviet women feel on thisday.3 Their husbands, with much cursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family … (Para 2)The expression with much cursing and clattering of pans means with a lot of swearing and bangingabout – as they were not used to doing it, they made many mistakes.4 A Soviet woman’s days are usually taken up with … nipping out of work at lunchtime to buysomething for dinner … (Para 3)To nip out means to go out for a very short time probably unofficially. It is a slang and is similar to theexpressions pop out and sneak out.5 Their husbands … by drinking themselves into a stupor with toasts “to our beloved ladies …”(Para 4)Stupor is a state in which you cannot think, speak, see, or hear clearly, usually because you have drunktoo much alcohol. Sadly, Russia does have a serious alcoholism problem and early death from overconsumptionof vodka is far too common.6 “I certainly will,” said Yakov, squeezing in between Liza Minelli and Katya and draping an armaround each of them. (Para 10)Yakov fit in between Liza Minelli and Katya although they were sitting close together, and put an armaround each girl.7 Yuri and Emily arrived and we covered blinis with thick sour cream and red caviar and drankchampagne, as families did all over Voronezh. (Para 13)Sour cream is fermented cream, which is smoother and thicker. Eastern European food is noted for its sourflavours.Caviar usually refers to the roe or eggs of the sturgeon, a large fish, and is a very expensive special food.It can also refer to other commoner fish roes.Unit 8 High days and holidays264Reading and understanding4 Answer the questions.1 How well does the writer know the Soviet Union?Not very well. The others have to explain the tradition of International Women’s Day to the writer.2 What was Yakov doing when the writer met him?He was buying roses.3 Where does the writer live?Room 99 of a hostel.4 What do the Russian men do on International Wome n’s Day?They buy flowers for the women in their life and do some house chores for them.5 What kind of daily life do Russian women usually have?They have a very busy life with lots of chores to do.6 What do the Russian men do after they’ve prepared breakfast for their wives? They meet up with friends and drink themselves into a stupor.7 What is the usual number of flowers to buy in Russia?An odd number.8 Why did Yakov buy 14 flowers?He planned to give Katya five flowers and the girls in Room 99 three for each. Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to put something somewhere in a careless way, especially something that is heavy (dump)2 to lie, sit, or lean in a relaxed or lazy way (lounge)3 loved very much by someone (beloved)4 to move somewhere quietly and secretly so that no one can see you or hear you(sneak)5 a feeling of very strong anger that usually does not last very long (fury)6 to talk about other people or about things that are not important (gossip) 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 I unexpectedly met an old friend in the shopping mall yesterday. (bumped into)2 The men demonstrate how true and honest their love for their wives is by drinkinga lot. (sincere)3 While the men are doing the shopping, the women will clean the carpets, and dust the room. (vacuum)4 Please remain here and wait for a while – she will come back soon. (stick around)5 I think it is a good idea to soak clothes before washing them. (advisable)6 After hearing what he had been through, her eyes were full of tears. (filled up with)High days and holidays Unit 82657 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If someone is dewy-eyed, are they likely to (a) lack experience about life, or (b) be in love?2 If someone accepts you on your own reckoning, do they (a) accept you without considering if you arewhat you claim to be, or (b) have a clear idea of your real character?3 If you bask in your fame, do you (a) feel bothered, or (b) enjoy being famous?4 Does charred mean (a) black and burnt, or (b) cooked perfectly?5 If something shrivels in the summer heat, does it (a) grow rapidly, or (b) become smaller and not fresh?6 If someone’s face turns scarlet, is it because they feel (a) embarrassed or angry, or (b) tired and hungry?7 If you go to bed on the dot of 11 pm, do you sleep (a) at exactly 11 pm, or(b) around 11 pm?8 If you pop into somewhere, do you (a) go there only for a short time, or (b) stay there for a long time?9 If someone is in a stupor, are they unable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, orunable to think or act normally because they’re (a) too sleepy, or(b) not completely conscious?Active reading (2)Chinese or Western, it’s a time to relaxLanguage points1 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent. (Para 4)The word justified means having an acceptable explanation or reason. The writer then gives theexplanation in the following sentence.2 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes … (Para 5) The writer does not want to get into the question of whether what has happened has been good or bad. Thepoint is to agree that there has been change and it has consequences.3 Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. (Para 5)The expression get a feel for something means to be accustomed to something or to have or develop anunderstanding of something and skill in doing it.4 Nothing comes without a rider in this global market. (Para 6)A rider is an American expression for a clause added to a law or legal document, often setting an extracondition.The sentence means nothing in the modern world comes without some unexpected or unwantedconsequences.5 Be it on the mainland or in the highly developed West or in the poorest of societies, a festival carriesthe same meaning. (Para 7)The sentence means festivals have the same meaning whether in China, the advanced economies of theWest or the least developed nations.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The writer thinks the Chinese celebrate Christmas because (d) .(a) it’s a Western festival(b) the world has undergone a great deal of change(c) it’s a festival which carries the same meaning in both the East and the West(d) it has become a festival which is celebrated around the world, and everyone can relax during thattimeHigh days and holidays Unit 82692 Some scholars fear that celebrating Christmas in China (a) .(a) may threaten Chinese culture(b) means that the Chinese blindly follow the West in every way(c) causes Chinese festivals to lose their charm(d) is a good example of Western decadence3 The Chinese attach more importance to Christmas than a couple of decades ago because (b) .(a) television and the Internet have become uniting factors(b) changes throughout the world make them look differently at the world and at China’s place in it(c) we belong to a global village(d) most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar4 Enjoying a Western festival doesn’t mean that (c) .(a) the Chinese approve of Western decadence(b) the Chinese are left untouched by the festive season(c) the Chinese follow the West without thinking(d) the Chinese culture is free of decadence5 The writer believes that the scholars and students (b) .(a) can save society from the influence of a world which is getting smaller(b) have a point of view which should not be rejected(c) are what are referred to as conservatives(d) are right in thinking Chinese festivals have lost their charm6 The basic message of Christmas (d) .(a) is similar to Eastern principles of helping others(b) has the same charm as Chinese festivals(c) is one of Western culture, which attracts youngsters more than other Chinese(d) is one of goodness, love of mankind and help for the poor which is relevant to everyoneDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 simple (humble)2 to show that there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong(justify)3 to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary (undergo)4 a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something (feast)5 a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months(calendar)6 a child, or a young person (youngster)7 pleasant or attractive qualities or features (charm)8 the quality of being morally good (goodness)9 to express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it (preach)Unit 8 High days and holidays2705 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There is some (1) justification to scholars’ fears that a lot of Chinese (2) youngsters have recentlybecome more interested in festivals from the Western (3) calendar, such as Christmas which I must admitdoes have some (4) charm. The world is (5) undergoing many changes, and even though we come from agenuinely modest and (6) humble culture, we’re more and more attracted by the bright lights and comfortsof the West. But Christmas is actually a winter (7) feast and is similar to our own festivals because it(8) preaches the importance of being morally (9) good and showing love for mankind.6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1 Is oriental likely to mean (a) Eastern, or (b) Western?2 If you vent your feelings, do you (a) express them strongly, or (b) hide them?3 Is an indigenous American likely to be (a) someone who has arrived from another country, or (b)someone who has lived in America before others arrived?4 If you feel at one with something, are you likely to feel (a) unhappy and uncomfortable, or (b) happyand relaxed with it?5 Is zeal likely to be (a) great energy and enthusiasm, or (b) a lack of interest?6 If you want to conserve something, do you want to (a) keep it as it is, or(b) change it?7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you’re caught in a trance, are you likely to be (a) aware, or (b) unaware of your state?2 If something happens for good or bad, do you (a) know, or (b) not know whether it will have good orbad results?3 Is a rider likely to be (a) a condition to what has been said, in order to limit it, or (b) an addition to whathas been said, adding extra information?4 Is an anomaly likely to be (a) a contradiction, or (b) a usual feature?5 Is skulduggery likely to be (a) secret activities that are intended to trickor cheat people, or (b) normalevents in everyday life?6 Are mundane affairs likely to be (a) interesting and exciting, or (b) not interesting and exciting?7 Is decadence likely to be (a) highly moral behaviour, or (b) immoral behaviour?8 If you shut your eyes and ears to something, do you (a) pay attention to it, or (b) refuse to pay attentionto it?Language in useBe it / they ...1 Rewrite the sentences using Be it / they …1 Whether it’s Christmas or any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Whether it’s in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years. Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Whether it’s with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Whether children are good or naughty, they are blessings.Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Whether they are scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.fronting2 Rewrite the sentences using fronting.1 It is not surprising that Christmas has become a global festival.That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 It may be justified that scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas.That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 It’s no different from our ancestors’ enjoying breaks that we enjoy an occasion to relax today.That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’enjoying breaks.Unit 8 High days and holidays2744 It is the reason we celebrate Christmas that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar.That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 It is something we need to remember that decadence is not the sole preserve of the West.That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 It is something we should not forget that Jesus was born in the East. That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.as3 Rewrite the sentences using as .1 The men, because they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.The men, as they want to please their wives, leave them to sleep and go out to meet friends.2 In the same way as people did all over Russia, they enjoyed blinis and champagne. They enjoyed blinis and champagne as people did all over Russia.3 On International Women’s Day, because it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, theflower sellers were doing a busy trade.On International Women’s Day, as it’s important to buy flowers for the women in your life, the flowersellers were doing a busy trade.4 In the same way as women do all over the world, a Soviet woman starts her day by getting the childrenready for school.A Soviet woman starts her day by getting the children ready for school as women do all over the world.collocations4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 You shouldn’t sneak up on people like that. You scared me!2 A festival can be a really difficult time if you are feeling down in the dumpsbecause everyone elseseems to be enjoying themselves when you’re not.3 Notting Hill Carnival had very humble beginnings but it is now one of Britain’s biggest festivals.4 You can sneak a preview of his new movie on the Internet.5 It was really mean of him to dump his girlfriend in a Christmas card.6 Festivals have their charm, even if you are not religious.7 The party was a bit boring so we sneaked away when no one was looking.8 After a while living in a big city began to lose its charm.9 We ate a very humble meal of bread and cheese sitting in the park and watching the May Day parade.10 I wish you could sneak me into your suitcase so that I could come with you!5 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 On International Women’s Day, Soviet women bask in their menfolk’slove and gratitude. In themorning, as it is a holiday, they lounge in bed instead of going out to work. Their husbands, with muchcursing and clattering of pans, cook breakfast for the family; by ten o’clock they proudly serve theirHigh days and holidays Unit 8275wives a charred and shrivelled egg. Beside the woman’s plate will be a bunch of flowers and a little gift,a bottle of scent perhaps, or a pair of tights, which she will exclaim over until the children, scarlet withfury, insist that their mother makes them their proper breakfast. (pans 在原文中其实泛指厨房里的物件，译成汉语时应为“锅碗瓢盆”。
