2005地大(北京)考博英语真题

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05年10月考博英语A卷

05年10⽉考博英语A卷中国科学院博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷2005年10⽉------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESOctober 2005PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _______ to protect the dolphins.A. reservationB. rescueC. reserveD. refugee2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that thiswill ________ the memory of the passers-by.A. keepB. easeC. jogD. enhance3. Diamonds have little ________ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. intricateB. intactC. intriguingD. intrinsic4. At the moment she is ________ the netball match between the Japanese team andthe Cuban team over at the playing field.A. arbitratingB. interveningC. refereeingD. deciding5. Any time ________, any period of waiting is because you haven't come and received the message.A. errorB. cutC. lackD. lag6. James Joyce was __________ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A. salutedB. estimatedC. scaledD. measured7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question ______ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.A. rather thanB. other thanC. together withD. as well as8. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and give some _________ to the origin of the solar system.A. sourcesB. interpretationsC. cluesD. observations9. The Japanese Prime Minister’s _________ is a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.A. precedenceB. promiseC. priorityD. procedure10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growthwas ________ 12 percent.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in face ofD. in excess of11. How well a person __________ depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise.A. jumps outB. turns outC. covers upD. turns up12. The skin of the forest keeper _________ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A.is tanned fromB.is colored fromC. is tainted byD. is encoded by13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _________ body and acts independently from all other institutions.A. indifferentB. imperativeC. impartialD. incoherent14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _________ to carrying out the plan.A. committedB. obligedC. engagedD. resolved15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _________.A. struck outB. left outC. ruled outD. counted out16. Hotels and restaurants are an ____ part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.A. insignificantB. integralC. interiorD. inevitable17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not _______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.A. applyB. appealC. attractD. attend18. There are three bodies of writing that come to _________ this question and wewill consider each in turn.A. bear onB. sort outC. figure outD. put on19. Success does not ________ in never making mistakes but in never making thesame one a second time.A. compriseB. conveyC. consistD. conform20. Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ________ the extent of the cruelacts committed by their soldiers.A. live up toB. mark downC. size upD. play downPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs ___21___. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from ___22___ our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) ___23___: If a fire broke out in someone's home ___24___ faulty wiring, he would not be content with ___25___ putting out the fire. ___26___, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a ___27___.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with___28___ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways: ___29___ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a ___30___ that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a ___31___ with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the ___32___of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is ___33___ of pathological guilt.When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may ___34___ unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right ___35___ having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to35. A. at B. in C. as D. forPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then selectthe choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Markthe letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world's most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, th ey have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid '40s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported byboth men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seem ed as clean and stron g as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi's were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population's first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 50s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock'n'roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock," his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without a Cause," cult figures Marlon Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.By the beginning of the '60s, slim jeans had become a leisurewear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid '60s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation---as the uniform of the budding socialand sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations on the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.36.Jeans were first designed for _______.A.soldiersB.WorkmenC. TeenagersD. cowboys37.In the mid 40s, jeans gained popularity because ________.A. they made the wearer look clean and toughB. they were comfortable and looked friendlyC. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD. they stood for freedom and a strong character38.What does the ―real thing‖ refer to in the second paragraph?A.authentic Levi’sB.workwearC. casual wearD. jeans of European style39.The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that _________.A.teenagers wanted to look sexyB.people desired to look strong and manlyC.jeans went well with rock’n’rollD.D.Americans were more rebellious than Europeans40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were ________./doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html ed for military purposesB.the symbol of the ideal of social equalityC.worn by all kinds of peopleD. the outfit of social improvementPassage TwoThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases.Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world's Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as moneylending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in overcrowded areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that it's highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expecta tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.41. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _______.A.more intelligent than other JewsB.more likely to be sick than other JewsC.endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseasesD.more likely to be born with genetic diseases42. According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in ______.A.the whole Europe and Eastern AsiaB. B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countriesC.Eastern Europe and a few Asian countriesD.Eastern Europe and Germany43. Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick are _______.A.diseases caused by absence of an enzymeB.life-threatening genetic diseasesC.diseases that make people more intelligentD.the same disease with different terms44.The ―lucrative job‖ may most probably be a job which is _______.A.ProfitableB.unsteadyC.challengingD.permanent45.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchersbelieve that _______.A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligenceB. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligenceC. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genesD. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance46.From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future ________.A.Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthierB.there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectualsC.Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthyD.the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeplyPassage ThreeSometimes it's just hard to choose. You're in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down it in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff - be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government's philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don't have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don't have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.Choice wasn't supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn't: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you ofsomething you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers' remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.47.The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice_______.A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a mealB. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitationC. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality foodD. it is possible to get to know his customer’s partner48.It is implied that it is the government’s inten tion to _______.A.improve the quality of TV programsB.try to offer greater choice over public service systemsC.make people realize that some lovers are interchangeableD.encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones49.We can infer that the author’s attitude toward s choice is that _______.A.the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoyB.endless choice has only made us more miserableC.it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choicesD. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible50.The author mentioned ―Starbucks‖ in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of _______.A.happinessB.low life expectancyC. perpetual stressD. luxury51.From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can getrecommendation tips on _______.A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitationB.how to deal with your expense budgetC. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunitiesD.how to save money by making a right choice52.We may conclude that it is NOT one of the author’s purposes to _______.AAA. stress the problem of choiceB.discuss decision-making paralysisC. make an analysis of buyers’ remorseD. promote the new book The Paradox of ChoicePassage FourMany things make people think artists are weird –the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and m usic, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his ―Ode to Joy‖. In 1962, novelist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda –to pry our wallets from our pockets –they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). ―Celebrate!‖commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. Thethings that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is ok not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.53.What is most strange about artists?A. They wear special clothes.B. They rarely work in the daytime.C. They mainly depict distressing things.D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.54.What does the author mean by ―a stretch‖?A.a terrible thingB.an exaggerationC.a continuous period of timeD.an exception55.The example that ―Ode to Joy‖ was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustratethat _______.A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB.violent people have a strong desire to be happyC.serious art is often contradictory with happinessD.music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike56.The word ―Celebrex‖ in the advertisement ________.A.misleads people into buying dangerous drugsB.reminds people of a cheerful feelingC.boasts of the effectiveness of a drug/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html es from a religious term57.How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A.The economy would not be boosted if everybody were satisfied.B.There are many new products designed for the forgetful.C.People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.D.We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.58.What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B.Happiness comes when everything dies.C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.D.Happiness is not a good thing.Passage FiveAs students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed, laws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during waiting periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state’s schools $32,000 annually.Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA’s risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives: ―Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents.‖Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it’s time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.59. The author implies that parents should be most concerned about __________.A.flu germsB.pestsC.school administratorsD.anti-chemical activists60. The author would most probably agree that the laws restricting the use of pesticides in schools _________.A.are necessaryB.are harmfulC.are quite effectiveD.reflect health concerns61. The third paragraph shows that in schools ________.A. sometimes pesticides should be used immediatelyB. the cost of using pesticides is very highC.the laws about using pesticides are not properly observedD. using pesticides is a daily routine62. Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that _________.A. their danger has been exaggeratedB. their effects have been proved by EPAC. they are not effective for killing some pestsD.they may cause some illnesses in children63. Allergens associated with cockroaches may ________.A. kill some insectsB. trigger genetic problemsC. cause asthma symptomsD. create environmental pollution64. As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with _______.A.hearingB.digesting/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html municatingD.sleeping65. What is the main idea of the passage?A. New chemicals should be developed to control pests.B. Pesticides should be used frequently to control pests.C.Some policies have ruined the efforts to control pests.D. Schools have ignored the need to control pests.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choosethe most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneTHE LONDON terrorist attacks on July 7 and July 21 changed British Prime Minister Tony Blair. He had long been reluctant to make the fight against Islamo-fascist terror a domestic issue. Last week he outlined security measures to deal with radical clerics who incite violence.Of particular interest is a measure that reads in part: "It is now necessary, in order to acquire British citizenship, that people attend a citizenship ceremony [and] swear allegiance to the country." That's not much different from U.S. law. ___66___ This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U.S. V oting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreign language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog. ___67___U.S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that they can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns. ___68___ Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U.S. history and civics. Isn't it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U.S. politics?___69___ Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn't bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life —that's bias.To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national。

2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature ______ to protect the dolphins.A．reservationB．rescueC．reserveD．refugee正确答案：A解析：考形近词与同义词的辨析。

reservation是“保留地，专用地，禁猎地”，指动物保护区；rescue是“援救，营救”；reserve是“储备物，收藏；自我克制”，如：reserve of food(食物储备)；refugee指“逃亡者，难民”。

根据句子大意，要发展一个海洋自然______来保护海豚，应该选择reservation。

句子大意是：“海洋生物学家正在呼吁要将Cardigan海湾重新发展成一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。

”2．Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will ______ the memory of the passers-by.A．keepB．easeC．jogD．enhance正确答案：C解析：考动词搭配。

难点在于熟悉动词的不熟悉用法。

keep是“保持”，ease 是“使悠闲；减轻，放松”；jog做不及物动词是“慢跑”，做及物动词是“摇动；唤起，提醒”，这是一个不太熟悉的用法；enhance是“提高，增强”。

2005年03月考博英语试题及答案

中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2005年3月考生须知：一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。

试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用普通答题纸。

二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。

修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。

若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。

请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。

三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。

时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：Ⅰ听力20分钟20分Ⅱ词汇15分钟10分Ⅲ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅳ阅读60分钟30分小计110分钟75分试卷二：Ⅴ英译汉30分钟10分Ⅵ写作40分钟15分小计70分钟25分CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2005PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He needs more fresh air. B. He is willing to go out.C. He is too sick to go out.D. He opened the window.2. A. Their friemts. B. Daily activities.C. Past experiences.D. Historical events.3. A. To buy a ticket. B. To pay a fee.C. To pay back a debt.D. To buy a gift.4. A. Give information. B. State preferences.C. Ask permission.D. Attract attention.5. A. In a gymnasium. B. In an art exhibition.C. In a shop.D. In a hotel.6. A. 19 dollars each. B. 38 dollars each.C. 30 dollars altogether.D. 36 dollars altogether.7. A. Jack is a gentleman. B. Jack does everything right.C. Jack is a desirable husband.D. Jack behaves immaturely sometimes.8. A. It was remarkable to both the man and the woman.B. It was not suitable for the woman.C. The man hated this kind of movie.D. The woman complained about its quality.9. A. See how much the jacket is.B. See if the jacket there is blue.C. See if there is a cell phone in the jacket.D. See if there was anything turned in this morning.10. A. The man has caught a cold. B. The woman was caught in a rainstorm.C. The weather forecast was inaccurate.D. It rained very heavily.Directions:In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be a few questions. Both the talk and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on Talk 1.11. A. Language comes from physical labor.B. Language learning is a long-term endeavor.C. Language reflects history.D. Language study is very important.12. A. Constructing a wheel. B. Making a choice.C. Coming back.D. Turning around.13. A. The overthrow of a class. B. The overthrow of a tyrant.C. The overthrow of a belief.D. The overthrow of an act.Questions 14-17 are based on Talk 2.14. A. It‟s a wonderful idea.B. It‟s not a smart thing to do.C. It‟s too difficult to put into practice.D. It‟s interesting to the decision maker.15. A. Telling people about your degrees.B. Promising that you will make good achievements.C. Introducing your job responsibilities.D. Talking about the needs of the potential employer.16. A. The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance.B. The results of making more money on an international market.C. The results that the employer has seen in the past.D. The results that your potential boss does not want to see.17. A. Proving that you are capable of doing the job.B. Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you.C. Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge.D. Claiming that you are better than any other applicant.Questions 18-20 are based on Talk 3.18. A. They exercise dogs twice a day.B. They learn how to be responsible for dogs.C. They encourage dogs to go for long walks.D. They like dogs too much to care about other things.19. A. Working for the police.B. Relaxing with other dogs.C. Protecting businesses.D. Guiding the blind.20. A. Dogs ride in public transport.B. Dogs bite their owners when in a rage.C. Vehicles run over stray dogs.D. People always keep dogs on leads.PART ⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility22. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. did away withD. gave way to23. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing‟s budget-cutting move might its preparation for the games.A. degradeB. deliberateC. deployD. defend24. You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.A. so long asB. otherwiseC. unlessD. whereas25. They continued to about and enjoy themselves until they became tired.A. strokeB. strollC. stammerD. string26. The survey asked 750 school children about the values and beliefs they from television.A. pick upB. take upC. put upD. make up27. I am grateful for your invitation, and I‟d like to accept your offer with pleasure.A. delightedB. innocentC. graciousD. prestigious28. I must you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again.A. relayB. bidC. sendD. deliver29. Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my and have dinner with me.A. resentmentB. requirementC. requestD. reservation30. That singular ach ievement was not just about Korea‟s arrival as a football force but as a self-confident mature nation to be seriously.A. copedB. shownC. establishedD. taken31. Europe as a unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own.A. incidentalB. apparentC. cohesiveD. descendent32. On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him at the time and which later became material for his books.A. inadequatelyB. systematicallyC. profoundlyD. simultaneously33. Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to my error.A. make do withB. make up forC. go in forD. go along with34. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would , for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute35. With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but theycouldn‟t any practical uses for it.A. come up withB. do justice toC. get even withD. look up to36. He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable than those Grant Richards had given him.A. itemsB. termsC. articlesD. specifications37. Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, weather, and widespread crop loss.A. intensiveB. extremeC. unpleasedD. unique38. There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with contempt.A. utterB. soleC. intimateD. corresponding39. The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A. recededB. impliedC. compliedD. declined40. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives inPART ⅢCLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose the most suitable of the words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 41 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 42 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 43 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 44 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate ofmedical opinion is shifting in 45 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 46 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 47 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 48 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 49 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 50 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 51 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 52 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 53 , and ECGs(心电图)are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 54 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 55 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.41. A. Then B. Though C. Since D. Even42. A. why B. how C. if D. what43. A. runners B. exercises C. patients D. cases44. A. initiation B. evidence C. incidence D. indication45. A. favor B. positive C. inclination D. bias46. A. good B. well C. much D. far47. A. weight B. amount C. degree D. quality48. A. however B. because C. but D. so49. A. at B. to C. for D. in50. A. taking up B. trying on C. getting over D. doing with51. A. beyond B. by C. with D. of52. A. anyone B. none C. some D. nobody53. A. of course B. at all C. after all D. by far54. A. readily B. suddenly C. already D. ready55. A. having B. had C. having been D. havePART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passages in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, the orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old manappeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leavinga trace.56. Samarkand lies .A. in a desertB. high in the mountainsC. in front of DamascusD. between the mountains and the airport57. The author said that he was overawed by .A. the beauty of the sceneB. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the placeD. the world of Allah and Muhammad58. The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble” because .A. it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light59. The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to .A. the ones his ancestors had keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope60. The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because .A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers61. The market has changed in character because now .A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and items of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell therePassage 2The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust” is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child‟s satisfying experiences at this early age.Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.”Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected.It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment‟s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers‟ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children‟s needs and by their overall attitude.62. The sense of trust in an infant is under development when .A. the infant experiences some satisfactionB. adults‟ trust is adequateC. the infant learns how to moveD. the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize63. The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children .A. to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on childrenB. to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during infancyC. to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their childrenD. to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality64. Babies might mistrust the world if .A. they did not receive food when they were hungryB. they mastered their body movements too quicklyC. someone came too close to themD. they saw an object disappear65. The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs .A. before maternal affection is providedB. when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environmentC. when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordinationD. as a result of maternal separation66. A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that .A. the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climaxB. the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environmentC. the child‟s sense of trust is destroyedD. no sense of trust has ever developed67. According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is .A. the type of techniques used by the motherB. the sensitivity of the childC. maternal loveD. the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes68. How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child?A. By showing confidence and experience in front of the child.B. By applying techniques taught by psychologists.C. By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants.D. By offering smiles and comforts.Passage 3I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others aresatisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering—and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don‟t recommend this—and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably—and, usually, utterly benignly—a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don‟t make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don‟t worry about bacteria.Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning—and found to be essentially thesame. A ccording to Dr. Gerba‟s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.69. What is the main idea of this passage？A. We don‟t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.70. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A. healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the familyB. a germ-free home is not only possible, but significantC. unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the airD. our immune systems are too weak to fight against the food poisoning bacteria71. In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “... manage this” means “to manage the process of .A. killing the bacteria in your bodyB. multiplying to a significantly large numberC. raising the room temperatureD. sterilizing the perishable food72. According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. make the room dryB. keep the food in the refrigeratorC. wash your hands as much as possibleD. clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products73. From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes .A. the danger of virusesB. the common existence of virus particlesC. the short life span of virusesD. the difficulty in killing viruses74. The word “bug” used in Paragraph 5 means .A. a bacteriumB. a coldC. a fluD. a virus75. According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive .A. if he washes his hands every time he touches a surfaceB. if he only washes his hands with soap and waterC. if he could not win over the bacteria in his homeD. if he does not fight against the bacteria at homePassage 4Until recently the halls of North High in Minneapolis were lined with vending machines where students could buy soda pop and other sugary drinks, as they can in most other high schools in the nation. But with rates of childhood obesity sky-rocketing, the Minneapolis school district worried about pushing pop. The district needed a way to keep its lucrative vending contract with Coca-Cola while steering kids toward more healthful beverages.Bryan Bass, North‟s assistant principal, took the challenge. He stocked 12 of North‟s 16 vending machines only with water, priced at 75 cents a bottle. Three machines dispensed juice and sports drinks for $1. Only one sold soft drinks, at $1.25 per can. “We located the water machines strategically outside our buildings, so when you come out of a classroom what you see is a water machine,” says Bass. “We also decided to allow water in classrooms but not juice or pop.” The result? Profits from the vending machines nearly tripled, from $ 4,500 to $11,000 in two years. They‟re now in their third year, and says Bass:“Water has become …cool.‟”North‟s suc cess demonstrates what many obesity experts and parents believe: Kids will learn to make healthful food and drink choices if they have access to them and are motivated to do so. “Price is a powerful motivator,” says Simone French of the University of Minnesota, an expert on school-based obesity prevention. She‟s impressed with North‟s efforts, but she says the problem is implementing these strategiesthroughout society. “Obesity is the biggest health issue facing kids,and we‟ve got to do more.”How to do mo re was outlined last week in the Institute of Medicine‟s 460-page action plan, mandated by Congress, on “Preventing Childhood Obesity.” Chaired by Emory University‟s Jeffrey Koplan, the plan is the first comprehensive look at childhood obesity and what government, industry, schools, communities, families, and medical professionals can do to reduce its impact. “I think this is similar in importance to the first Surgeon General‟s Report on Smoking and Health in 1964,” Koplan says. That landmark document led to the health warning on cigarette packages and a ban on cigarette advertising on TV.76. In most American high schools, selling soft drinks is .A. encouragedB. allowedC. unlawfulD. unprofitable77. Water has become “cool” in the Minneapol is school district partly because .A. water is provided freeB. most kids can afford nothing but waterC. water machines are put in noticeable positionsD. children have realized the harm of sugary drinks78. We can infer that in terms of healthful drinks for kids, Simone French and some other experts are .A. confident about children‟s choicesB. pessimistic about the futureC. puzzled about which approach to takeD. worried about how to motivate children79. By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that .A. more children tend to smoke today than yesterdayB. both obesity and smoking require the attention of schools and society.C. the present plan on obesity would function similarly as a landmark.D. obesity and smoking are both health problems.80. The primary purpose of this passage is to .。

2005年全国医学博士统一考试英语听力录音文本

2005Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The questionwill be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answersmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the fight answer.Sample AnswerA B C DSection A1. W: Congratulations! I understand you will be admitted to Peking University. When are youleaving for Beijing?M: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.Q: What does the man mean?2. M: Hello, this is Jason Smith. I’m calling to see if my urine test results are in.W: Doctor White just sent them to the lab this morning. So the earliest data will be back in tomorrow’s afternoon.Q: What does the woman mean?3. M: I’m taking a collection for the AIDS patients. Would you like to give?W: Just a minute when I get my purse.Q: What will the woman do next?4. M: Oh, that hurts!W: What happened? Did you cut yourself?M: Yes, on the edge of this paper. I’m not bleeding. But my finger is really hurt.Q: What happened to the man?5. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new digital camera?M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately.Q: What does the man mean?6. M: One of the members of the Student Union is quitting. Do you know anyone who will beinterested in taking this place?W: I’m not sure. But I will certainly keep an eye out for you.Q: What will the woman probably do?7. W: Have you been the dentist to have your wisdom tooth pulled out?M: I have an appointment with the dentist this afternoon.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: See, it looks normal enough. It’s smaller than a regular video camera and it doesn’t weighmuch but you can use it to photograph the unseen. Do you know what I mean by that?W: You photograph through solid?Q: How does the man describe the physical features of the camera?9. W: The new shampoo I’ve been using lately smells nice. But it makes my head skin itchterribly.M: It’s probably all those harsh chemicals. You should try the kind I use. It’s all natural.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?10. M: Have you been to the new fitness center since it is opened?W: Are you kidding? Tomorrow is the deadline of my project.Q: What does the woman mean?11. W: I’m trying to find a book by Rod Serling? Don’t you know where should I look?M: He is a playwright, isn’t he? Log on to this computer, click on drama and then search by the author name. See?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?12. M: What’s Bill doing here today? I thought he was supposed to be out of the office on Fridays.W: He decided he’d better have Mondays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Bill?13. W: I have to go out of town on my family emergency. Can you cover my speech class for me?M: Sure. I hope your emergency works out ok.W: Thanks. My father is in the hospital and I need to arrange for his discharge.Q: Why is the woman unable to teach her class?14. M: I should have a CT scan, should not?W: In a couple of weeks.M: Ok. Should I keep taking these tablets in the meantime?W: I’m going to prescribe something else.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?15. M: Who broke the printer?W: I don’t know. It was jammed when I tried it.M: It bugs me when somebody does that and just leaves it that way.Q: How is the man feeling now?Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passages OneQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Recent studies of patients at sleep clinics have re ve al ed significant facts about the causes of insomnia as well as ways to deal with it. It is no surprise that stress and depression are linked toinsomnia.Also, insomnia may be caused by physical illness: itching, aches, asthma, arthritis, ulcer and heart problem that involve shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing.What can you do if you suffer from insomnia? Two things: you can eat certain foods that will help you fall sleep and stay asleep. And you can do certain things that are sleep-inducing. Here are some guidelines:A. If you had a bad night sleep, don’t stay in bed later than the next morning.B. Don’t go to bed earlier the next night, stick to your usual bedtime and rising pattern.C. Don’t nap during the day. Naps cut down on night sleep time.D. Never lie awake in bed for more than thirty minutes. By lying in bed sleepless, you can form an association between your bed and sleepless.E. Get as much exercise as possible, preferably in the morning.As for food intake to help you sleep, make sure that your diet is a balanced one and rich in tryptophan, an amino acid found in certain foods. The body can convert tryptophan to air tryptophan and then to serotonin, a body chemical crucial to the sleep process. If you include in your daily diet food high in tryptophan, such as apples, eggs, cheese, fish and meat and incorporate some of the sleep-inducing activities into your life, the chances are good that you will achieve a pattern of restful and suiting sleep.16. What is the talk mainly about?17. Which of the following is not mentioned as an illness inducing insomnia?18. What is the speaker’s advice to insomniac who had a bad sleep?19. Why are the insomniac advised to include food high in tryptophan in their daily diet?20. What is the speaker’s attitude toward the future of the insomniac?Passage TwoQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:There are two kinds of people in the world and I’m one of them. I’m the kind of person who likes to be on time for things. In fact, I like to be early. Let’s say, I need to catch a flight which is leaving at 4 p.m. Usually, I am at the gate, ticket out, ready to go no later than 7:14 a. m. My wife is the other kind of person. For her, the ideal way to catch a plane would be to arrive at the airport as the plane was taking off.Part of this is a cultural difference. I grew up in Wasp that is white Anglo-Saxon protestant household and my wife grew up in a Cuban household. Wasps tend to follow schedule strictly; Cubans tend to be more relaxed. If a Wasp wedding is scheduled to start at 2 p.m Saturday, the wedding march will start at 2 p.m. sharp and the bride would come down the aisle at 2:03 no matter what, even if the originally scheduled groom has bailed out and the bribe has to use an emergency back-up groom taken right off the street. Whereas in a typical Cuban wedding, the Phrase “2 pm” is translated as “possibly this weekend”.But the difference between my wife and me is not totally cultural. I think it is also gender-related. I believe that men and women do not view the time the same way. I think that in general, women think there is more time in the universe than men do.21. What is the talk mainly about?22. What kind of person is the speaker?23. If a Wasp wedding is scheduled to start at 2 p.m, what time then would the bribe come downthe aisle?24. How would a Wasp family react if the originally scheduled groom has bailed out?25. Which of the following is not mentioned as a reason for the difference between the couple? Passage ThreeQuestions 26-30 are based on the following talk:W: Well, Mr. Jason. There is a nerve running behind your knee and your hip and through your spine.M: Ehr.W: When you lift your leg, that nerve should fly in and out of your spine quite freely. But with your leg, the nerve won’t fly very far. When you lift it, the nerve is trapped and it’s very sour.When I bend your knee, that takes the tension off and eases the pain. If we straighten it, the nerve goes tight and it’s painful.M: Ay!W: Now, what’s trapping the nerve? Well, your MRI scan confirms that you got a damaged disc in the lower part of your back.M: Oh, I see.W: The disc is a little pat of gristle which lies between the bones in your spine. Now, if you lift heavily in a wrong way, you can damage it. And that is what happened to you. You damaged a disc. It’s pressing on the nerve in your spine so that it can’t fly freely. And that’s the cause of the pain you’ve been having.M: Aha.W: Now, we are going to try to solve the problem first of all with bed rest to let the disk get back to normal and with drugs to take away pain and help the disc to recover. We’ll also give you some physiotherapy to ease your leg and back. I can’t promise that this will be entirely successful. And we may have to consider an operation at a later date.26. What does the woman most probably do?27. What is the woman doing now?28. What caused the damages to the man’s health?29. What is the location of the damaged disc?30. Which of the following is not mentioned as a piece of advice given by the woman?。

1997-2010年中国地质大学(北京)博士英语答案

（下载后Ctrl+A全选，然后选择字体黑色即可显示）1997-2010年中国地质大学（北京）博士入学考试答案1997年：填空答案preparingan, sincewas, grewlikekindcome/ be; tells; beenheated; temperature; turns/changes enough; Let’sat; hadnext; indespitefeweruntildid; damagehappen; ownsenjoyingabout; billion; atpass; tookwhosesuccessful; succeeded; published; over; information;appeared; an; agreed; stage/phasedoubt; just/ really; reason; act/ work applied; neitherThought; able1998with; anaffectingbetweengrew; ws; has; since; likehwose; whenpassed; took; faileduntil; comes; idearate; situation/problemmission/ aim/purposeroseexperiment rely/depend; Withoutpublished; result; dealtakenreasons; tryingcausing/ bringon; insurprised;would; werewhich; millionwhether;should;held; in; just;attendused/abledoubttaking; managed; began1999whichequal; largerfree/ sparehowever;delay/ postponewhose; in/lyingpuzzled/depressed; tonobody; easy; bothcausing; idea;bringing/ causingwish; decision; find out; taking/ hiring. doubt; these; bad; ask/invite; pressure; before; comes; like; case; were already; other; soongrew;born; moved/assigned; it; from; finished; admitted; became; entered; located; busy; careergot/ receivedregrettailureThough/Although; praise/ congratulate 2000nervus/ worried/ anxious/ uneasy/fidgety/tense; travelled/ flown;worrywrotemay/might; rombetter; missnoisemeasuringtake; passed; done; studyingseeing/ meeting; the /her/ourlikeunlikethan; elementsjam; took; place/office/ factory equipment; imported; learning/ studying; excpt/ save/savingaffected/ decidedwhilecompany/ corporation; world enough; harderused; however/ acutallyexplain; obvious/clearstolen;prevented/stoppedrather; nothinglaughingluckily/fourtunately; balming; things/materials/goodswouldn’t; less; consider/ think2001funrathersurprised/astonishedin; bycausedin; byalthough/though; keptplease/ satisfied/happy; lackfind/consider/think; however; on scientists; working; health/ condition out; return; callcaught; stuck ; way;was;hadtend; moreover/ also/ besides; much/far; problem/ question/difficulty; such; repairing/ maintainingan; killedused. Quitted/ stopped; cancer;seeing/watching; advertisement complicated/puzzling/ boring/ inintelligible/dull; fall;sleepy/ frowsy/ boredattend; reserve;book; trouble/difficulties/ problems/ troublespesrsuading; offered/provided/ given; refused ; nobody; job2002at; tookavoid/ prevent; hitmustbored/ tired; needs/ wantsseen; used; rid; too costly/ expensive in; by ; gettingother/ more; lots; these8. occured/ happened; killed; did; recover as; wasn’t ；foundwhose;tell/ see/distinguish/find; year shouting/crying/ yelling; difficulty/ trouble/ problemneither; government; merge; jobs composed; latteridentify/ analyzeGames; on ; announcement / decision average/ incredibleregret; missedreputation/ name; angry/ surprised/ desappointedcomplain;themselves; against warned; choice/ alternatiive/ option 2003was; grewclearly/ neatly/carefully/ distinctly some; decided/ intendedinvented; centurybymeanschef/ cook; talent/ skillringing; perhapswhoseenough; wonder/ doubtmentioned/described/reported; held unless; exceptions/ optionspopularhwole/hottestangry/ furious/ indignant; of ; stolen smoking; health/lungplaying; minesurprisedbroke; ought; managedsettle; smaller/bigger/largercarried; results/ findingsreally/ comletely/such; would ; on watching; hardly/ couldn’tboth; much/ far/ becominggot/received/read; postponed/ delayed driving; countriesnone; now/ available/stocked/ left2004an; unlikemuch/farcarry/ liftexplained; difficultydamaged; forshallturned/ handedtired/ exhausteditsome; pregnantcharges; check;stayedaboutwore; elseownsinterestedfun; happy; almost/ enarly; untilwritten/ published/ printed; none; trying/eager; happenhad; wonderexpectedoftenanswering;; annoyedgive; the ; expert; lot since/ asloaf; unfortunately/unluckily; cheap reachapply; expired; Embassy; lasts/takes 2005weather; drove closes/ opens; checksmoothly; lessexcept; elsemaytaught;job; facotry/ plantangry; would; tookwith; enjoyed/ funduring; moises/noisejokes; everlooking; wait; findapprove; thing/ habit; chance/possibility/ dangerof; used; prison/ jaildifficulty; complainwent/left; start/ go/ leaveby; workprevent/stop/avoidneither;work/orderplanned; unable; howeversucheachheavier/fattermust;strange/oddfew;reluctant/unwillingwithout; unless2006returning/ back; foran; doubt; howeveroftendifference; look. Are.seem microscope;nakedbefore; excited; staying; blocks ; forward at; regards ;soonidea; anyone/ anybodyavailable; mind ;insteadgettingthose; what/ anything; other; along/in/ on/ downunder; coolertook could; exactly ; contrast; tends left; wanted; wouldn’ttime; had; fortunately; another; charge unusual/strange; wondermaking/giving/delivering; helpbitten/chasedhad/ madehis2007wroteallowed/permitted/ asked/ told reading; agosurprsing/odd/funnytimes; often/frequentlyin; saysdelayed/ postponed; informed/ clear differencespent; wonderno; dealan; enjoy; know;whiletaughtidea/suggestion; goingbigger/smaller/largerattended; sponsored/held; a lasted; followed; some/ all/oneused; injured; still; if/though; since rose; for; dropping/fallingwhose;doing; until; need/havebetter; mightsoonsold; according; story/storey; as2008attendOlympic; heldwhoseaccidentweighimportedsome; about; inlet; carclean; before/unlessbigger; couple; take; onsince; went; taughthit/striken/damaged; collapsed/ damaged; killed/deadan; provide/offer/find; matter补充说明：关于provideProvide 常用的结构是provide sb withsth,和provide sth for sb 如：The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.宾馆为顾客提供一项擦鞋的服务。

2005年4月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试(B)试题及答案(B)

2005年4月北京地域成人本科学士学位英语一致考试(B)试题及答案(B)北京地域成人本科学士学位英语一致考试（B）2005.4 ．23注意事项一、将答题卡( 纸 ) 上的姓名及学生代号用中文和阿拉伯数字填好。

二、认真阅读题目的说明。

三、在 120 分钟内答完整部试题。

四、答案必定写在答题卡上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

五、用铅笔这样划答案：[A] [B] [C] [D]，用其余符号答题者不记分。

六、如要变动答案，一定先用橡皮擦去本来选定的答案，而后再按上边的规定从头答题。

Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scoreson certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence wemean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If wewant to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of howmuch he knows what to do.(76)For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about thesituation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can,and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probablyisn ’ t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can ’ t ma work out right, he doesn ’ t feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life,a special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.If you look at children, you ’ ll see great difference between what we call “children and “ not-bright ”children. They are actually two different kinds of people,not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the brightchild really wants to find out about life — he tries to get in touch with everythingaround him.(77) But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his owndream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.1.According to this passage, intelligence is __________.A. the ability to study wellB. the ability to do well in schoolC. the ability to deal with lifeD. the ability to get high scores on some tests2.In a new situation, an intelligent person__________.A. knows more about what might happen to himB. is sure of the result he will getC. concentrates on what to do about thesituation D. cares more about himself3.If an intelligent person failed, he would__________.A. try not to feel ashamedB. learn from his experiencesC. try to regret as much as possibleD.make sure what result he would get4.Bright children and not-bright children__________.A. are two different types of childrenB. are different mainly in their degree of clevernessC. have difference only in their way of thinkingD. have different knowledge about the world5.The author of this passage will probably continue to talk about __________.A. how to determine what intelligence isB. how education should be foundC. how to solve practical problemsD. how an unintelligent person should be taughtPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Human needs seem endless. (78) When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the -enriching “”lifevel. (79)While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called“ luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.6.According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when __________A. he has saved up enough moneyB. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC. he has satisfied his hungerD. he has learned to build houses7.It can be inferred from the passagethat by the end of World War II, most Americans __________.A. were very richB. lived in povertyC. had the good things on the first threelevels D. did not own automobiles8.Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?A. A successful career.B. A comfortable home.C. A good meal.D. A family car.9.What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?A. The more goods the better.B. The more mental satisfaction the better.C. The more “luxury ” items the better.D.The more earnings the better.10.The author tends to think that the fifth level __________A. would be little better than the fourth levelB. may be a lot more desirable than the firstfour C. can be the last and most satisfying levelD. will become attainable before the government takes actionsPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem isthat these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world.(80)In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “ he went pale and begin to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese “surprise” can be described in a phrase like 'they stretched out their tongues!' Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better thanmen at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.11. According to the passage, __________.A. we can hardly understand what people's gestures meanB. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe theirfeelings in words or gesturesC. words can be better understood by older peopleD. gestures can be understood by most of the people while words can not12.People's facial expressions may be misunderstood because __________.A. people of different ages may have different understandingB. people have different culturesC. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a differentway D. people of different countries speak different languages13.In the same culture, __________.A. people have different ability to understand and expressfeelings B. people have the same understanding of somethingC. people never fail to understand each otherD. people are equally intelligent14.From this passage, we can conclude __________.A. words are used as frequently as gesturesB. words are often found difficult to understandC. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelingsD. gestures are more efficiently used than words15.The best title for this passage may be __________.A. Words and FeelingsB. Words, Gestures and FeelingsC. Gestures and FeelingsD. Culture and UnderstandingPart II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentencethere are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choosethe ONE answer that best completesthe sentence.Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.16.History is a record of mankind; different historians, __________, interpretit differently.A. thereforeB. on the contraryC. howeverD. consequently17.It was not until it got dark __________ working.A. that they stoppedB. when they stoppedC. did they stopD. that they didn't stop18.Before the child went to bed, the father asked him to __________ all thetoys he had taken out.A. put offB.put up C.put away D.put out19.Thinking that you know __________ in fact you don't is not a good idea.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.which20.“__________ does Mr. Johnson go to London on business?”“ At least once a month. ”A. How manyB. How longC. How oftenD. How21.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, __________, of course, made the others jealous.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which22.Evidence came up __________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what23. He __________ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A. was almost hurtB. was almost to hurt himselfC. was almost hurt himselfD. was almost hurting himself24. I suppose you are not serious,？A. do IB. don't IC. are youD. aren't you25. This composition is good __________ some spelling mistakes.A. exceptB. besidesC. except thatD. except for26.When I say that someone is in Shanghai for good, I mean that he isthere__________.A. to find a good jobB. for tile time beingC. to live a happy lifeD. for ever27. Rubber differs from plastics __________ it is produced naturally and not in file lab.A. at thatB. in thatC. for thatD. with that28. Women all over the world are__________ equal pay for equal jobs.A. calling on B, calling aboutC. calling offD. calling for29. With the bridge __________, there was nothing for it but to swimA. was destroyedB. destroyingB. being destroyed D. destroyed30.Having no money but __________ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. wanted no oneC. not wanting anyoneD. to want no one31. The children lined up and walked out __________A. in placeB. in conditionC. in orderD. in private32.The teacher, as well as all his students, __________ by the dancer's performance.A. was impressedB. had impressedC. impressedD. were impressed33. __________ is well known, the key to success lies in hard work.A. AsB. ThatC. WhichD. What34.The doctor will not perform the operation __________ it is absolutely necessary.A. soB. ifC. forD. unless35. Today the police can watch cars __________ on roads by radar.A. runB. to runC. runningD. to be run36. The little boy saw the plane __________ and burst into flames.A. completeB. compelC. crashD. clutch37. Beijing is well __________ its beautiful scenery and the Great Wall.A. known asB. known toC. known aboutD. known for38. From her conversation, I __________ that she had a large family.A. deducedB. decidedC. declaredD. deceived39. This question is too hard, it is __________ my comprehension.A. belowB. beyondC. overD. without40. In order to buy her house she had to obtain a __________ from the bank.A. financeB. capitalC. loanD. debt41.Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil __________only iftheir sulfur content is low.A. burningB. to burnC. being burnedD. to be burned42.Space vehicles were launched into outer space __________ search ofanother living planet.A. toB. atC. inD. for43. You two have got a lot __________.A. in generalB. in commonC. in allD. in any case44. It is time to __________ fields in which they are just as capable as men.A. keep women'sB. stop to keep women outC. keep women awayD. stop keeping women out of45.Frank's lessons were too hard for him, and he soon fell __________ the restof the class.A. behindB. downC. offD. away fromPart III Identification(10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then mark tile correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.46. It was in this school where he had studied for four years.A B C D47. Being felt that she had done something wonderful, she sat down to rest.A B C D48. Jane had a great deal of trouble to concentrate on her studyA Bbecause of the noise in the next room.C D49. The way which the different kinds of rock lie on one anotherA B Chelps to tell the story of long ago.D50. We were young men when we first met I n London, poor, struggle,A B Cfull of hope and ideas.D51. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partlyA Bbecause the person who delivered it had such a pleasant voice.C D52. According to our estimate, only one out of three companyA Bmanagers have been trained in the field of management.C D53. Today we have made great achievements, but tomorrow we shall winA B Cstill great victories.D54. Lewis had to travel by bus as his car had been damagedin anA Baccident some days before and he was failed to get it repaired.C D55. Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popularA B Cduring the past fifty years.DPart IV Cloze(10%)Directions: there are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.About a month ago I was present at a serious occasion I the reading of a will. I can remember one passage that particularly struck me. It ran something ( 56 ) this.“ And I direct that $ 10,000 be (57 ) . to old William B, whom I have wishedto help for many years, (58 ) always put off doing so.( 59)” Itthe last words of a dying man. But the story does not(60 )there. When the lawyers came to ( 61 ) outthe bequest (遗赠 ), they discovered that old William B had(62 ) , too, and so the ( 63 ) deed was lost.I felt rather ( 64 ) about that. It seemed to me a most regrettable ( 65 ) that William should not have had his $10,000 just (66 )somebody kept putting ( 67 ) giving it to him. And from (68 )accounts, William could have done with the(69 ) . But I am sure (70 ) there are thousands of kindly little deeds waiting to be ( 71 )today, which are being put off “(72 ) later. ”George Herbert, in praise of good intentions, (73 ) that “ One of these days is better than (74 ) of these days. ” But I say (75that)is better than all.56. A. about B. forC. likeD. of57. A. consumed B. paidC. costD. devoted58. A. but B. orC. stillD. and59. A. has been B. wereC. isD. was60. A. remain B. endC. finishD. appear61. A. find B. pointC. putD. carry62. A. died B. disappearedC. escapedD. hidden63. A. invaluable B. identicalC. goodD. historic2005年4月北京地域成人本科学士学位英语一致考试(B)试题及答案(B)64. A. exciting B. sorry C. faithful D. happy65. A. matters B. dream C. task D. thing66. A. because B. for C. as though D. till67. A. off B. into C. in D. on68. A. every B. some C. any D. all69. A. payment B. money C. regrets D. expense70. A. whether B. of C. that D. often71. A. protected B. done C. made D. rewarded72. A. until B. still C. too D. toward73. A. implies B. marked C. regrets D. says74. A. some B. any C. all D. none75. A. Morning B. Spring C. Today D. TimePart V Translation(20%)Section ADirections: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read inthe part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.76.For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks aboutthe situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. (Passage 1)77.But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world;he seems to have a wall between him and life in general. (Passage 1)78.When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat,when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance intoview. (Passage 2)79.While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stressesmental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. (Passage 2)80. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “ he went pale and begin tremble ”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.(Passage 3)Section BDirections: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You shouldtranslate them into English. Be sure to write clearly.81．使我感觉诧异的是，他的英语说得这样的好。

北京大学考博英语题(04、05年)

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题2006-08-16 10:56:00Part One Listening Comprehension （略）Part Two Structure and Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are__________, existing only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive42. Brooding and hopelessness are the__________of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupationsB. promisesC.frustrations D. transactions43. What__________about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward44. __________considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man45. Not until the 1980's__________in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens46. The buttocks are__________most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatal damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likey to cause fatal damage to47. The concept of internet,__________has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to__________the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduce B.yield C. relinquish D. waver49. His request for a day off__________by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away50. The index of industrial production__________last year.A. raised up by 4 per centB. rose up with 4 per centC.arose up with 4 per centD. went up by 4 per cent51. Please__________if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me upC. look me outD. look to me52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered__________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up53. By the end of the year 2004, he__________in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served54. __________there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith__________the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could__________.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody had been mourning56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even__________.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it58. Among the first to come and live in North America__________, who later prospered mainly in NewEngland.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there59. The cargo box has a label__________on it. Please handle it with care.A. “flexible”B.“break” C.“fragile” D. “stiff”60. __________we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well asPart Three Reading ComprehensionⅠ. Directions: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneWhat Makes a “Millennial Mind”?Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1, 000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of “Millennial Minds” -that's barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the “Millennial Minds” are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine “Millennial Mind” affect our lives even now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine wha t the world was like before.Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a “Millennial Mind”, the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature, and its personal cost.61. The first paragraph tells us that__________.A. Focus had a list of “Millennial Minds” worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of “Millennial Minds”C. Focus's list of the “Millennial Minds” consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the “Millennial Minds”62. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the “Millennial Minds”.B. A “Millennial Mind” needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the list of the “Millennial Minds”.D. The “Millennial Minds” are those who have changed human lives so much that people of later generations can not remember what things were likein the past.63. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “transcendent genius” means__________.A. people who are exceptionally superior and great in talentB. people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generationsC. people whose genius has been passed down to the present timeD. people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list64. In the third paragraph, t he phrase “cast light on” can be replaced by__________.A. shine overB. light upC. shed lighton D. brighten upPassage TwoTribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of SARSOn the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carol Urbani died of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the fast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.http:The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitals stock up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbani's superior urged him to take a few days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill-with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said:“Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me.” Dr. Urbani developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said:“He was very much a doctor, his first goal was to help people.”He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.65. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Dr. Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in Hanoi.B. There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipment.C. He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infected.D. Dr. Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in place a series of infection-control measures.66. In the third paragraph, “three weeks of round-clock effort”means__________.A. for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stoppingB. Dr Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under controlC. for three weeks Dr. Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the new diseaseD. After three weeks hard work to control SARS, the hospital superior thought it was time to stop the clock67. According to the context, the word “doused” in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with__________.A. extinguishedB. eliminatedC.solved D. delugedPassage ThreeGlassSince the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow.Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying moldable stages until it flows like a thick syrup. Each of these stages allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus open to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.68. According to the passage glass cools and becomes rigid differently from metals because__________.A. it has an unusually low melting temperatrueB. it does not set up a network of interlocking crystalsC. it has a random molecular structure of a liquidD. it is made from a mixture of silica, lime, and soda69. In the phrase “without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process” in the second paragraph, a substitute for the word “customarily” maybe__________.A. continuouslyB. certainlyC.eventually D. usually70. Glass can be easily molded into all kinds of forms because__________.A. it melts like liquid when heatedB. it softens gradually through varying stages when heatedC. it retains the shape at the point when it is suddenly cooledD. various heating techniques can be used in making glassⅡ. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. (71) If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression. Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart. (72) Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones. It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease-or any other catastrophic disease-become worse at the time of diagnosis. (73) The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens. All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. (74) It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified. Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (75) Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.Part Four Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (76) __________. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (77)__________. In cultures that firmly believed in an (78)__________, and believed further that thedeparted could enter that afterlife only (79) __________they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (80)__________rulers, the riches (81)__________with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person's eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (82)__________goods were replaced (83)__________symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (84)__________real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (85)__________step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and —finally —me re tributes of respect.”Part Five ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, adda word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g.1 (86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun begane.g.2 (87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (88) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not(86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providingcomputer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. (91) “This is a reflecting of the commission's commitment to bring tomorrow's technology to consumers today,” said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94) once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.Part Six WritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises试题详解Part One Listening Comprehension(略）Part Two Structure and Written Expression41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. B56. B 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. APart Three Reading ComprehensionⅠ.Passage One61. C 62. C 63. A 64. CPassage Two65. D 66. B 67. APassage Three68. B 69. D 70. BⅡ.(71) If you are seriously ill, it's good for you not to be panic and depressed.(72) Medical researchers, among whom Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, is the first one, have found out that depression can not only result in other illness but also aggravate existing ones.(73) Once they know what illness they've got, they get worse.(74) For most people, it's difficult to accept the terrible fact and remain sensible, but we should at least have confidence in ourselves.(75) Even if you get a HIV diagnosis, it is still possible for you to avoid the outbreak.Part Four Cloze Test(76) dead (77) traditions (78) afterlife (79) if(80) the (81) or(82) grave (83) by (84) for(85)lastPart Five Proofreading(86) been being (87) (finD. it (easier) (88) taking Taken(89) (industries), and (equipment)(90) in under(91) reflecting reflection考博，免费考博网(92) wide widely (93) and given given (94) while (95) like asPart Six WritingEpidemic Diseases and Public Health CrisesWhen SARS epidemic swept across China and stirred up even the entire globe last year, people finally came to realize the concept of public health crises, which in reality have already affected our life in various ways. Why didn't we recognize this until our life has been endangered? Surely, epidemic diseases as a kind of public health crises, have contributed to people's perception of public health crises.Public health itself is not new, but the term ”public health crises “has been fresh for most people in China. It includes not only outbreaks of diseases, but also water erosion, deforestation, desertification and many other problems which mankind as a whole must face. Ever since the industrial revolution and great economic expansion, people's life has been challenged in one way or another due to lots of irresponsible behaviors of mankind. Most of the time, people have accustomed to their ordinary way of life and do not spare time in comprehending the imminent crises.On the other hand, epidemic outbreaks always take on a very severe outlook and thus pose direct dangers to common people. They affect people's daily activities and even their lives, and that is why they can successfully arouse people's concerns about their own health. To some extent, our awareness of our dining habits and carelessness in protecting the environment can be attributed to the outbreak of some epidemics, like SARS and bird flu.We should all be gratitude for this awareness brought about by some epidemics. As China and the world's economy continue to expand, governments and people are fully aware that some measures have to be taken to fend off any possible danger to public health.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 Americanhildren under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewis h identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “Thisnew study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that su ch rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often calledcapital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.。

中国地质大学考博英语试卷答案05年

1.The Chinese characters for “coal” and “bad luck” have the same sound (mei), so some superstitious people areconvincedthat digging for coal means bringing bad lucks to oneself.2.Wang Weiping went to the US as a visiting scholar for a year and a half. When he returned back to Beijing, heestablishedA B Ca joint research project with the geologists on the campus where he had done his research.D3.Half of samples we brought back from our expedition to northwestern Tibet are being analysed in this lab. The otherhalf4.In recent years India has witnessed many terrible fires in factories and dormitories. The reasons of these fires areusuallyA Bclear, but this has not led to much effective action to cut the number of deaths from such disasters.C D5.After graduating from Fudan University and working for SINOPEC for five years, Li Weidong went to Australia tostudyA Bfor a MBA. He expects to get his business degree in early 2006.C D6.That construction firm has a poor safety record. When a worker gets hurt or killed, the managers usually givecertain amount of compensation to the family of the victim, but they don t take the safety problem very seriously.C D7.Thank you very much indeed for editing my latest paper and speaking to Professor Johnson about my precariousfinancialA Bsituation. I greatly appreciate all your helps.C D8.Fatalities in China’s coal mines are much too common. No matter whether the mines are large or small, the death rateA Bfrom accidents is unacceptably high. Miners need better safety, not better safety regulations.C D9.Yesterday a police stopped me on the street and asked me to show my identification papers. I had no idea why hewasA B Cstopping me and he wouldn’t explain his action. ED10.The only trip that I have ever taken abroad was to South Korea, but I have ever traveled to 18 provinces of China,includingA BCTibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. I hope to travel to India on business next year.D11.In part because of increased demand from China and India, both which have rapidly growing economies, the prices ofoil,A Biron and other key resources have almost doubled since the early 1990s.C D12.I stepped up to the inspection window, then I showed the customs official my ticket, passport and entry card. HestudiedABmy visa for what seemed a long time before he finally handed everything back to me.C D13.Three Chinese leading geologists came to the conference and took part in a very stimulating panel discussion. It was14.Yesterday Li Weidong and I took a small truck to Tianjin to pick up some new equipments for our laboratory. On thewayA B Cback we had to change a tire.D15.It wasn’t until Anne received John’s letter from Brazil that she learned of learn of v,+prep. 得知，获悉，听说（与learn about同义）his decision to break off their engagement. HeA B Chadn’t had the courage to tell her directly, so he informed her by letter instead. ED16.Over the years I have found that Chinese students who usually have good math training tend to make bettertechnicians thanA B C17.always make it possible for him to get a good job and earn plenty of money.C D18.In order to do research in this border area we must first apply for permission from the China government. I am notsureA B Chow easy it will be for us to get such permission for work this summer. It’s already May now, after all.D19.Some geographers predict that Beijing and Tianjin will eventually grow together, becoming one gigantic urbancomplexwith 40 million inhabitants. Tianjin, which is in the southeast of Beijing, today has about half the population of the capital.C D20.Both Henan and Anhui have good rail links with the rest of China, but Anhui benefits from being closer tothe Shanghai area. Otherwise the economic problems that Henan faces are more or less the same with those of Anhui.[1] Women live longer than men. This is unfair, but true. In developed countries the average difference in lifespans is five or six years. In the poor world the gap is smaller, owing to the risks of childbirth, but nowhere is it absent. The question is why?[2] That question can be answered at two levels. An evolutionary biologist would tell you that it is because women get evolutionary bonus points from living long enough to help bring up the grandchildren. Men, by contrast, wear themselves out competing for the right to procreate in the first place. That is probably true, but not much help to the medical profession. However, a group of researchers at John Moores University, in Liverpool, England, has just come up with a medically useful answer. It is that while 70-year-old men have the hearts of 70-year-olds, those of their female peers resemble the hearts of 20-year-olds.[3] Professor David Goldspink and his fellow researchers looked at 250 volunteers aged between 18 and 80 over the course of two years. All the volunteers were healthy but physically inactive. The team's principal finding was that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25% between the ages of 18 and 70, while that of the female heart remains undiminished.[4] Each volunteer's heart function was measured before exercise and at peak exertion on a treadmill. In particular, the researchers measured blood flow and blood pressure. Their subjects were also given an ultrasonic scan to measure the size of the chambers of their hearts, the thickness of the heart's muscular wall, and its filling and emptying actions.[5] The researchers found that between the ages of 20 and 70, men lose one-third of the contractile muscle cells in the walls of their hearts. Over the same period, women lose hardly any contractile cells. There is a strong link between the number of these cells and the function of the heart. What remains a mystery is why men lose these cells and women do not.[6] A previous theory of why women outlive men suggested that the female sex hormone, oestrogen, could have a protective effect on the heart. But Dr Goldspink dismisses this idea, saying that there is no discernible drop-off in female heart function after menopause, when oestrogen levels decrease dramatically. However, oestrogen does have a beneficial effect on blood vessels. The study found that blood flow to the muscles and skin of the limbs decreases with age in both sexes. The changes in the structure of the blood vessels occur earlier in men, but women catch up soon after menopause.[7] It's not all bad news for men, though. In a related study, the team found that the hearts of veteran male athletes were as powerful as those of inactive 20-year-old male undergraduates. But can men really recover lost heart function after a lifetime of inactivity and poor diet? Is it ever too late to start exercising? “I think the answer is no,” says Dr Goldspink.“The health benefits to be gained from sensible exercise are to be recommended,regardless of age.” So if you are male and middle-aged, get on with it.1 Professor Goldspink and his colleagues discovered thatA women have stronger hearts than men doB men’s hearts are damaged by the effort to procreateC childbirth weakens women’s heartsD men’s hearts lose power as they age2 Dr Goldspink’s group used ultra-sound toA assess the characteristics and operating capacity of each volunteer’s heartB check the size of the area surrounding each volunteer’s heartC create pictures of each volunteer’s heart as it filled and emptiedD measure the efficiency of each volunteer’s heart before and after exercise on the treadmill3 According to the facts presented in the article, the female hormone oestrogenA shields the female heart from the effects of agingB promotes the flow of blood to a woman’s arms and legsC causes a decline in female heart function after menopauseD greatly improves the quality of blood in women4 At menopause, the amount of oestrogen in a woman’s bodyA rises slightlyB fluctuatesC plungesD soars5 Most males reading this article would probably conclude that they shouldA eat a richer dietB be more careful about the kind of exercise they getC give up smokingD get more exercise[1] When I was a student in the 1960s, anyone who believed that there might be life on other planets was considered a crackpot. Now all that has changed. The claim that life is widespread in the universe is not only respectable, it also underpins NASA's ambitious astrobiology program. Find another Earth-like planet, astrobiologists say, and life should have happened there too. NASA is spending billions of dollars to search for life on Mars, the most Earth-like of our sister planets. But we may not need to go all the way to Mars to find another sample of life. It could be present under our very noses. No planet is more Earth-like than Earth itself, so if life started here once, it could actually have started many times over.[2] Geologists believe life established itself on Earth about four billion years ago. Australian rocks dated at 3.5 billion years contain fossilized traces suggesting that microbes were already well established by then. But the ancient Earth wasnot a pleasant place. Huge asteroids and comets mercilessly pounded the planet; the biggest impacts would have covered our globe in burning rock vapor, boiling the oceans dry and sterilizing the surface worldwide.[3] How did life emerge amid this violence? Quite probably it was a stop-and-go affair, with life first forming during a lull in the bombardment, only to be annihilated by the next big impact. Then the process was repeated, over and over. As the bombardment began to abate and the impacts diminished in severity, isolated colonies of primitive microbes sheltering deep underground managed to survive. One of these colonies was destined to become life as we know it.[4] What about the preceding life forms? Were they all completely destroyed? It's possible that pockets of microbes could have survived in obscure hiding places until the next genesis, opening up the tantalizing prospect of two or more different forms of life co-existing on the same planet. Although they would compete for resources, one type of life was not necessarily bound to eliminate the rest. After all, "life as we know it" includes many very different species of microbes that exist side by side.[5] Thus, microbes from another genesis – life of a very alien, still unfamiliar type - could conceivably have survived on Earth until today. The chances are that we wouldn't have noticed. Under a microscope, many microbes appear similar even if they are as genetically distinct as humans are from starfish. So you probably couldn't tell just by looking whether a micro-organism is "our" life or alien life. Genetic sequencing is used to position unknown microbes on the tree of life, but this technique employs known biochemistry. It wouldn't work for organisms on a different tree using different biochemical machinery. If such organisms exist, they would be eliminated from the analysis and ignored. Our planet could be teeming with alien microbes without anyone suspecting it.[6] How could we go about identifying "life as we DON’T know it"? One idea is to look in unusual environments. Our awareness of the range of conditions in which life can thrive has been extended greatly in recent years, with the discovery of microbes dwelling near scalding volcanic vents, in radioactive pools and in total darkness far underground. Yet there will be limits beyond which our form of life cannot survive; for example, temperatures above about 130 degrees Celsius. If anything is found living in even harsher environments, we could examine it to see whether what enables it to survive is so novel that it cannot have evolved from known life.[7] Identifying alien organisms in less extreme settings would be a much harder challenge, especially if they use the same basic molecules as familiar life - nucleic acids and proteins. But there is one sure indicator. The building blocks of proteins, called amino acids, are all unbalanced in the same distinctive way. Viewed in a mirror, these "left-handed" amino acids would appear right-handed. Such mirror-image molecules exist, but the life forms we are familiar with don't use them. Most biochemists think it is just an accident that "life as we know it" selected the left-handed version. If this supposition is correct, then there is a 50-50 chance that alien life would have favored the right-handed version. Such "anti-life" would eat "anti-food": right-handed amino acids and other mirror molecules. This offers a simple way to filter out known life from alien life. Prepare a culture medium of anti-food and see if anything flourishes. Of course it's a long shot, but it is easy to try, and scientists at the Marshall Space Flight Center are now testing the response of microbes from various extreme environments to a bowl of anti-soup.[8] Even if alien life has not survived to the present day, it may still have left traces. Geochemists have identified organic detritus from ancient microbes in rocks as old as 2.7 billion years. Alien organisms might have left remnants containingodd suites of molecules or produced distinctive geochemical alterations like unusual mineral deposits. These remnants would still give us a genuine “second sample”, a form of biology that is unrelated to familiar life. By comparing the way evolution works in both cases, we could identify which features of life follow from general principles and which are just accidents of history.[9] But there is a more profound dimension to this research. Nobody knows how life began. Somehow a mixture of lifeless chemicals assembled itself into a primitive organism, presumably through a long and complex sequence of chemical reactions. Our ignorance of this process is so great that scientists can't even agree on whether it was a gigantic, one-time chance event, or the expected and frequent outcome of intrinsically life-friendly natural laws, as the astrobiologists hope. The discovery of a second sample of life on Earth would confirm that bio-genesis was not a unique event and strengthen the belief that life is written into the laws of the cosmos. It is hard to imagine a more significant scientific discovery. Our view of the universe and our place within it would be forever transformed, and we would at last have the answer to the biggest of the big questions of existence: Are we alone?6 The word “crackpot” in paragraph 1 meansA a ceramic object with a serious flawB a person with the ability to see far into the futureC someone whose views and insights show that he is far ahead of his timeD someone with strange opinions not respected by most educated people7 When he wrote this article, one objective of the author was probably toA influence the public in favor of spending more money on inter-planetary space travelB answer critics of government spending on basic scientific researchC win public support for research on fossil microbes and microbes living in extreme environmentsD criticize NASA for regarding Mars as the best place to seek confirmation that life exists or has existednot only on Earth but elsewhere in the universe8 The author hypothesizes that early life on EarthA arose many times both despite and because of the violence of the environmentB was helped to diversify by the violent environmentC had to be microbial in order to survive amid the violence of the environmentD would necessarily have survived till our times, given the nature of Earth’s environment9 If it actually exists, the “anti-life” referred to in paragraph 7A traveled to Earth from another planetB is based on “right-handed” amino acids or other right-oriented moleculesC would cancel out “life” if brought into contact with itD can readily be detected with conventional genetic sequencing techniques10 Scientists todayA think that life is a bizarre chemical accident almost certainly limited to EarthB are still unable to achieve a meaningful consensus on how life probably arose on EarthC generally share the view that life on Earth is the product of a single huge eventD agree that conditions in the universe favor the emergence of life on countless planets1. Last Saturday the ___weather____ was beautiful, so John got into his car and ____drove___ to the beach.2.Do you know when the bank ___opens___? I need to cash a ________check_______.3.The traffic in Stockholm moves ___fast_____ even at the rush hour. Usually I can get home from work in __less___than half an hour.4. Everyone ___except__ John and Silvia has seen the film. Is there anything _____else_______ to do this evening?5.Why did you send him the article by regular post? You _______should_______ simply have e-mailed it to him.6.My father has ___taught___ mathematics at a secondary school in Shanghai since 1980. My mother has a__job/career_ as chief accountant in a small manufacturing _______factory_______.7.Alan got very ___excited___ when he heard the news. He turned red in the face and started to shout. I was afraid he________would_______ have a heart attack. It _____took_______ him a long time to calm down.8.We brought some toys for the children to play _____with_________. All three girls seemed to have_____fun_______. We heard them laughing and giggling all afternoon.9.You’ll have to keep very still ______during_/in_______ the performance. The musicians are particularly eager thatthe people in the audience not make ____noise____ while they are playing the two new pieces by the Russiancomposer.10.I’m not very good at telling ______jokes________. Even when the ones I tell are extremely funny, no one__nearly____ laughs. Stories, on the other hand, are no problem for me to tell.11.On Monday I start my new job. I’m really __looking___ forward to it. I can’t _____wait _________ to meet my newcolleagues and ___find____ out what my duties are.12.I don’t _____approve_________ of smoking. It’s such a disgusting ___thing/action___! It’s especially disturbingwhen young people smoke. Don’t they read? Aren’t they aware of the _______danger________ of getting cancer from cigarettes?13.The court has decided that John Adams is guilty _____of_______ stealing from the company that he _____used____to work for. He is being sent to ______prison______ for five years.14.Did you have any __trouble__ finding my office? A lot of visitors _____complain____ about how hard it is to locate.15.It’’t __go/hurry__ now, they’ll be late and the instructor will beannoyed.16.A: How can we get rid of this foul smell?B: ______Keep________ opening all the doors and windows. Maybe that will ______help/work____.17.The authorities ought to put a traffic light here. A light would help to ______avoid_________ accidents.18.One of my roommates is from Jilin and the other is from Baotou. It isn’t surprising that _______none_______ ofthem knows how to cook Sichuan food.19.Our TV set is out of _______order________. The repairman is coming to look at it tomorrow.20.The project was _____planned_____ to be completed last month, but we were __unable__ to finish the work onschedule. _____Fortunately_______________, the authorities were willing to give us an extension.21.Jane is ________such/really______ a liar that you can never trust anything she says.22.We often lend _______each______ other DVDs of foreign films.23.The more you eat, the ______fatter_________ you get.24.Look at all the puddles on the street! It ___must____ have rained pretty hard last night. It’s ___surprising___ that Ididn’t hear any rain falling while I was in bed. Did you?25._Few__ governments can afford to support research in particle physics nowadays. It is hugely expensive. Even theAmerican government is ______ difficult _________ to provide money for new particle physics projects.26.How can I call John ___without___ his telephone number? You can’t call someone _unless__ you have his phonenumber, and John’s is unlisted, so there’s no way to get it that I know of.。

中国地质大学博士入学试题_应用地球物理基础

中国地质大学（北京）
2005年博士研究生入学考试试题
试题名称：应用地球物理基础编号:
满分100分，选择答题分数不能超过100分。

例如，如果在第一题中选择3道题，则在第二题中可以选择11道题。

一、论述题（每题15分，至少任选3道题，最多不得超过4道题）
1、以你个人的工作经历或学习体会就当前人类社会面临着“人口膨胀、资源匮乏、生态环境恶
化”等重大问题，论述地球物理方法的作用和意义。

2、什么是地球物理方法？它包含哪些分支方法？以地球物理任一种方法为例，试说明其应用前提
及如何提高其应用效果。

3、试阐述现代电子和计算机技术的发展对地球物理学科的影响。

二、问答题（每题5分，至少任选8道题，最多不得超过11道题）
1、绘图示意说明地磁要素有哪些? 地磁场垂直分量Z随纬度的变化规律？在两极、赤道附近Z
的数值与方向特征如何？
2、简述布格重力异常的地质-地球物理涵义。

3、写出联系重磁异常的泊松公式，并说明式中各量的含义与该式的作用。

4、说明磁异常△T 的物理意义及其与垂直磁异常Z a，水平磁异常H ax ,H aY的关系。

5、如何从重磁异常平面等值线图上识别断裂构造？
6、简述重磁勘探在区域和深部地质地球物理调查中的应用。

命题组组长：魏文博
命题组成员：管志宁、李金铭、谭捍东
2005年4月6日。

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2005PRAT 1.lmagine that you are on a train to Shanghai.In the seats in front of you there are two foreigners, and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his job.He says what he does,not what he is or what field (profession or occupation)he is in.On your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professions.As you listen,decide what the speaker is.Then find the correct word on the list and write the nunber beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.For instance,suppose you hear this:(Speaker P)“Well,I don’t enjoy lecturing very much,especially to younger students,but I do love my research.I’d be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocs.However,that’s just not the way university departments operate.”You decide that the speaker must be a professor,so you find “a professor”on your list.You see that the number beside it is 61;you then write the number 61; in the blank beside p on your answer sheet.By the way,in reality there is no P and no 61,and“a professor”is not one of the choices on your list. This is just a theoretical example.You will now have three minutes to read the list.[SILENCE]All right,now let’s begin![15 points]1 an accountant 会计31 a librarian2 an actor 32 a mathematician 数学家3 an airline pilot民航驾驶员33 a mechanic机修工（技工）4 an architect建筑师34 a mechanical engineer机械工程师5 an astronomer 天文学家35 a military officer6 a biologist 36 a novelist小说作家7 a chef 烹调师37 a nurse8 a civil engineer土木工程师（建筑）38 a paleontologist古生物作家9 a concert pianist高级钢琴演奏师39 a press photographer新闻摄影师10 a construction worker 40 a plumber管道维修工（水暖工）11 a corporate executive企业执行总裁41 a poet诗人12 a dentist牙医42 a police detective侦探（刑警）13 a dietician营养师43 a police patrolman普通警察（巡警）14 a diplomat外交官44 a pop singer流行歌手15 an electrician电工45 a postman邮递员16 a fashion designer时装设计师46 a private businessman私营企业家（个体商人）17 a film critic电影评论家47 a private detective私人侦探18 a film director 电影导演48 a psychiatrist心理医生19 a flight attendant飞机乘务员49 a psychologist心理学家20 a florist花店老板50 a publisher出版商21 a geologist 51 a radio announcer电台播音员22 a geopgysicist 52 a schoolteacher(primary)23 a graphic designer图形设计员53 a schoolteacher(secondary)24 a hairdresser发型设计师54 a software engineer25 a hardware engineer硬件工程师55 a store clerk/shop assistant26 a hotel manager 56 a surgeon 外科医生27 a journalist 57 a tax official税务员28 a judge法官58 a travel agent 旅行社职员29 a lab technician 59 a university student30 a lawyer 60 a vet 宠物医生（兽医）PART 2. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A,B,C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet. REMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices: A,B,C,D or E(= no error).1. The Chinese characters for “coal” and “bad luck” have the same sound (mei), soAsome superstitious people are convinced that digging for coal means bringing bad lucks toB C Doneself.2. Wang Weiping went to the US as a visiting scholar for a year and a half. When heA Breturned back to Beijing, he established ajoint research project with the geologistsCon the campus where he had done his research.D3. Half of samples we brought back from our expedition to northwestern Tibet are beingA B Canalysed in this lab. The other half are being analysed in a lab at Columbia University.D4. In recent years India has witnessed many terrible fires in factories and dormitories. TheAreasons of these fires are usually clear, but this has not led to much effective action toB Ccut the number of deaths from such disasters.D5. After graduating from Fudan University and working for SINOPEC for five years, LiA BWeidong went to Australia to study for a MBA. He expects to get his business degree in early 2006.C D6. That construction firm has a poor safety record. When a worker gets hurt or killed, theA Bmanagers usually give certain amount of compensation to the family of the victim, but theyCdon‟t take the safety problem very seriously.D7. Thank you very much indeed for editing my latest paper and speaking to Professor JohnsonA Babout my precarious financial situation. I greatly appreciate all your helps.C D8. Fatalities in China‟s coal mines are much too common. No matter whether the mines are large or small,A Bthe death rate from accidents is unacceptably high. Miners need better safety,Cnot better safety regulations.D9. Yesterday a police stopped me on the street and asked me to show my identification papers. IA Bhad no idea why he was stopping me and he wouldn‟t explain his action.C D10. The only trip that I have ever taken abroad was to South Korea, but I have ever traveled to 18A Bprovinces of China, including Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. I hope to travel to India on businessC Dnext year.11. In part because of increased demand from China and India,Aboth which have rapidly growing economies, the prices of oil, iron and other key resourcesBhave almost doubled since the early 1990s.C D12. I stepped up to the inspection window, then I showed the customs official my ticket, passport andAentry card. He studied my visa for what seemed a long time before heB Cfinally handed everything back to me.D13. Three Chinese leading geologists came to the conference and took part in a very stimulatingA B Cpanel discussion. It was on the spread of deserts worldwide and ways to halt their expansion.D14. Yesterday Li Weidong and I took a small truck to Tianjin to pick up some newA Bequipments for our laboratory. On the way back we had to change a tire.C D15. It wasn‟t until Anne received John‟s letter from Brazil that she learned of his decision toA Bbreak off their engagement. He hadn‟t had the courage to tell her directly, so heCinformed her by letter instead.D16. Over the years I have found that Chinese students who usually have good math training tend toA Bmake better technicians than students from Iran, Egypt or Latin America. Of course,Cthere are exceptions.D17. Zhang Jianguo became a computer engineer chiefly because his parents urged him thatA having computer skills would always make it possible for him to get a good job andB Cearn plenty of money.D18. In order to do research in this border area we must first apply for permission fromA Bthe China government. I am not sure how easy it will be for us to get such permission for workC Dthis summer. It‟s already May now, after all.19. Some geographers predict that Beijing and Tianjin will eventually grow together, becoming oneA Bgigantic urban complex with 40 million inhabitants. Tianjin, which is in the southeast of Beijing,C Dtoday has about half the population of the capital.20. Both Henan and Anhui have good rail links with the rest of China, but Anhui benefits fromAbeing closer to the Shanghai area. Otherwise the economic problems that HenanBfaces are more or less the same with those of Anhui.C DPART 3. Read the two articles below carefully and completely. (Notice that the paragraphs are numbered.) Then answer the questions that follow. In each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.You are not allowed to use a dictionary. However, we have provided short lists of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the two texts. Read the vocabulary lists before you begin the articles.VOCABULARY FOR PASSAGE 1a blood vessel:a tiny tube that carries blood through your bodybonus points: extra points (in a competition that the person with the greatest number of points wins)a chamber: a room or compartment. The human heart has four chambers.evolution: the gradual change in plant and animal species over long periods of natural history. Related adjective: evolutionarya hormone: a chemical produced by your body that stimulates and controls processes such as growth and sexual developmentmenopause: the time in a woman‟s life when she loses the ability to become pregnantto procreate: to reproducea treadmill: a piece of exercise equipment with a flat moving surface that you walk or run on while staying in the same placean ultrasonic scan: a way of examining an inner part of the body by using very high-frequency sound to create a pictureveteran (adj): having long experiencea volunteer: someone who offers to do something without being forced, or sometimes without being paid[1]Women live longer than men. This is unfair, but true. In developed countries the average difference in lifespans is five or six years. In the poor world the gap is smaller, owing to the risks of childbirth, but nowhere is it absent. The question is why?[2]That question can be answered at two levels. An evolutionary biologist would tell you that it is because women get evolutionary bonus points from living long enough to help bring up the grandchildren. Men, by contrast, wear themselves out competing for the right to procreate in the first place. That is probably true, but not much help to the medical profession. However, a group of researchers at John Moores University, in Liverpool, England, has just come up with a medically useful answer. It is that while 70-year-old men have the hearts of 70-year-olds, those of their female peers resemble the hearts of 20-year-olds.[3]Professor David Goldspink and his fellow researchers looked at 250 volunteers aged between 18 and 80 over the course of two years. All the volunteers were healthy but physically inactive. The team‟s principal finding was that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25% between the ages of 18and 70,while that of the female heart remains undiminished.[4]Each volunteer‟s heart function was measured before exercise and at peak exertion on a treadmill. In particular, the researchers measured blood flow and blood pressure. Their subjects were also given an ultrasonic scan to measure the size of the chambers of their hearts, the thickness of the heart‟s muscular wall, and its filling and emptying actions.[5]The researchers found that between the ages of 20 and 70, men lose one-third of the contractile muscle cells in the walls of their hearts. Over the same period, women lose hardly any contractile cells. There is a strong link between the number of these cells and the function of the heart. What remains a mystery is why men lose these cells and women do not.[6]A previous theory of why women outlive men suggested that the female sex hormone, oestrogen, could have a protective effect on the heart, But Dr Goldspink dismisses this idea, saying that there is no discernible drop-off in female heart function after menopause, when oestrogen levels decrease dramatically. However, oestrogen does have a beneficial effect on blood vessels. The study found that blood flow to the muscles and skin of the limbs decreases with age in both sexes. The changes in the structure of the blood vessels occur earlier in men, but women catch up soon after menopause.[7]It‟s not all bad news for men, though. In a related study, the team found that the hearts of veteran male athletes were as powerful as those of inactive 20-year-old male undergraduates. But can men really recover lost heart function after a lifetime of inactivity and poor diet? Is it ever too late to start exercising? “I think the answer is no,”says Dr Goldspink, “The health benefits to be gained from sensible exercise are to be recommended, regardless of age,” So if you are male and middle-aged, get on with it.1 Professor Goldspink and his colleagues discovered thatA women have stronger hearts than men doB men‟s hearts are damaged by the effort to procreateC childbirth weakens women‟s heartsD men‟s hearts lose power as they age2 Dr Goldspink‟s group used ultra-sound toA assess the characteristics and operating capacity of each volunteer‟s heartB check the size of the area surrounding each volunteer‟s heartC create pictures of each volunteer‟s heart as it filled and emptiedD measure the efficiency of each volunteer‟s heart before and after exercise on the treadmill3 According to the facts presented in the article, the female hormone oestrogenA shields the female heart from the effects of agingB promotes the flow of blood to a woman‟s arms and legsC causes a decline in female heart function after menopauseD greatly improves the quality of blood in women4 At menopause, the amount of oestrogen in a woman‟s bodyA rises slightlyB fluctuatesC plungesD soars5 Most males reading this article would probably conclude that they shouldA eat a richer dietB be more careful about the kind of exercise they getC give up smokingD get more exerciseVOCABULARY FOR PASSAGE 2to abate: to become less intenseto annihilate something: to destroy something completelyan asteroid: a large piece of rock traveling in spaceto bombard something: to attack something by throwing objects at it and hitting it many times. Related noun: bombardmentto be bound to happen: Something that is “bound to happen” will almost certainly happen.a comet: a ball of dust and ice that travels through space on a regular path. We see a comet as a bright object in the sky with a tail of light.detritus: waste material left after something has been destroyed, used or erodedgenesis: the beginning, birth or origin of somethinga long shot: something that is not very likely to succeed (but which MAY succeed)a lull in something: a period of little or no activity, a period of calma microbe: a tiny living thing that can be seen only through a microscopeNASA: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the US space agencyorganic: having the element carbon(C) as one of its componentstantalizing (adj):exciting to think about, but perhaps not obtainalbeto teem:to be abundant, to abound, to exist in great numbersto underpin something: to be a key part of the basis for something[1]When I was a student in the 1960s, anyone who believed that there might be life on other planets was considered a crackpot. Now all that has changed. The claim that life is widespread in the universe is not only respectable, it also underpins NASA‟s ambitious astrobiology program. Find another Earth-like planet, astrobiologists say, and life should have happened there too. NASA is spending billions of dollars to search for life on Mars, the most Earth-like of our sister planets. But we may not need to go all the way to Mars to find another sample of life. It could be present under our very noses. No planet is more Earth-like than Earth itself, so if life started here once, it could actually have started many times over.[2]Geologists believe life established itself on Earth about four billion years age. Australian rocks dated at 3.5 billion years contain fossilized traces suggesting that microbes were already well established by then. But the ancient Earth was not a pleasant place. Huge asteroids and comets mercilessly pounded the planet; the biggest impacts would have covered our globe in burning rock vapor, boiling the oceans dry and sterilizing the surface worldwide.[3]How did life emerge amid this violence? Quite probably it was a stop-and –go affair, with life first forming during a lull in the bombardment, only to be annihilated by the next big impact. Then the process was repeated, over and over. As the bombardment began to abate and the impacts diminished in severity, isolated colonies of primitive microbes sheltering deep underground managed to survive. One of these colonies was destined to become life as we know it.[4]What about the preceding life forms? Were they all completely destroyed? It‟s possible that pockets of microbes could have survived in obscure hiding places until the next genesis, opening up the tantalizing prospect of two or more different forms of life co-existing on the same planet. Although they would compete for resources, one type of life was not necessarily bound to eliminate the rest. After all, “life as we know it” includes many very different species of microbes that exist side by side.[5]Thus, microbes from another genesis-life of a very alien, still unfamiliar type-could conceivably have survived on Earth until today. The chances are that we wouldn‟t have noticed. Under a microscope, many microbes appear similar even if they are as genetically distinct as humans are from starfish. So you probably couldn‟t tell just by looking whether a micro-organism is “our” life or alien life. Genetic sequencing is used to position unknown microbes on the tree of life, but this technique employs known biochemistry. It wouldn‟t work for organisms on a different tree using different biochemical machinery. If such organisms exist, they would be eliminated from the analysis and ignored. Our planet could be teeming with alien microbes without anyone suspecting it.[6]How could we go about identifying “life as we DON‟T know it”?One idea is to look in unusual environments. Our awareness of the range of conditions in which life can thrive has been extended greatly in recent years, with the discovery of microbes dwelling near scalding volcanic vents, in radioactive pools and in total darkness far underground. Yet there will be limits beyond which our form of life cannot survive; for example, temperatures above about 130 degrees Celsius. If anythingis found living in even harsher environments, we could examine it to see whether what enables it to survive is so novel that it cannot have evolved from known life.[7]Identifying alien organisms in less extreme settings would be a much harder challenge, especially if they use the same basic molecules as familiar life-nucleic acids and proteins. But there is one sure indicator. The building blocks of proteins,called amino acids, are all unbalanced in the same distinctive way.Viewed in a mirror, these “left-handed”amino acids would appear right-handed. Such mirror-image molecules exist, but the life forms we are familiar with don‟t use them. Most biochemists think it is just an accident that “life as we know it “selected the left-handed version. If this supposition is correct, then there is a 50-50 chance that alien life would have favored the right-handed version. Such “anti-life” would eat “anti-food”:right-handed amino acids and other mirror molecules. This offers a simple way to filter out known life from alien life. Prepare a culture medium of anti-food and see if anything flourishes. Of course it‟s a long shot, but it is easy to try, and scientists at the Marshall Space Flight Center are now testing the response of microbes from various extreme environments to a bowl of anti-soup.[8]Even if alien life has not survived to the present day, it may still have left traces. Geochemists have identified organic detritus from ancient microbes in rocks as old as 2.7 billion years. Alien organisms might have left remnants containing odd suites of molecules or produced distinctive geochemical alterations lik eunusual mineral deposits. These remnants would still give us a genuine “second sample”, a form of biology that is unrelated to familiar life. By comparing the way evolution works in both cases, we could identify which features of life follow from general principles and which are just accidents of history.[9]But there is a more profound dimension to this research. Nobody knows how life began. Somehow a mixture of lifeless chemicals assembled itself into a primitive organism, presumably through a long and complex sequence of chemical reactions. Our ignorance of this process is so great that scientists can‟t even agree on whether it was a gigantic, one-time chance event, or the expected and frequent outcome of intrinsically life-friendly natural laws, as the astrobiologists hope. The discovery of a second sample of life on Earth would confirm that bio-genesis was not a unique event and strengthen the belief that life is written into the laws of the cosmos. It is hard to imagine a more significant scientific discovery. Our view of the universe and our place within it would be forever transformed, and we would at last have the answer to the biggest of the big questions of existence: Are we alone?6 The word “crackpot” in paragraph 1 meansA a ceramic object with a serious flawB a person with the ability to see far into the futureC someone whose views and insights show that he is far ahead of his timeD someone with strange opinions not respected by most educated people7 When he wrote this article, one objective of the author was probably toA influence the public in favor of spending more money on inter-planetary space travelB answer critics of government spending on basic scientific researchC win public support for research on fossil microbes and microbes living in extreme environmentsD criticize NASA for regarding Mars as the best place t seek confirmation that life exists orhas existed not only on Earth but elsewhere in the universe8 The author hypothesizes that early life on EarthA arose many times both despite and because of the violence of the environmentB was helped to diversify by the violent environmentC had to be microbial in order to survive amid the violence of the environmentD would necessarily have survived till times, given the nature of Earth‟s environment9 If it actually exists, the “anti-life” referred to in paragraph 7A traveled to Earth from another planetB is based on “right-handed” amino acids or other right-oriented moleculesC would cancel out “life” if brought into contact with itD can readily be detected with conventional genetic sequencing techniques10 Scientists todayA think that life is a bizarre chemical accident almost certainly limited to EarthB are still unable to achieve a meaningful consensus on how life probably arose on EarthC generally share the view that life on Earth is the product of a single huge eventD agree that conditions in the universe favor the emergence of life on countless planetsPART 4. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. In each blank you must write ONE appropriate word. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Remember: put one and only one word in each blank. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer is automatcally wrong. Putting nothing in a blank also counts as an error. [50 points]1. Last Saturday the was beautiful, so John got into his car and to the beach.2. Do you know when the bank ? I need to cash a .3. The traffic in Stockholm moves even at the rush hour. Usually I can get homefrom work in than half an hour.4. Everyone John and Silvia has seen the film. Is there anything to do thisevening?5. Why did you send him the article by regular post? You simply have e-mailed it to him.6. My father has matrhematics at a secondary school in Shanghai since 1980. Mymother has a as chief accountant in a small manufacturing .7. Alan got very when he heard the news. He turned red in the face and started toshout. I was afraid he have a heart attack. It him a long time to calm down.8. We brought some toys for the childrent to play .All three girls seemed to haveWe heard them laughing and giggling all afternoon.9. You‟ll have to keep very still the performance. The musicians are particularlyeager that the people in the audience not make while they are playing the two new pieces by the Russian composer.10. I‟m not very good at telling .Even when the ones I tell are extremaly funny, no onelaughs. Stories, on the other hand, are no problem for me to tell.11.On Monday I start my new job. I‟m really forward to it. I can‟t tomeet my new colleagues and out what my duties are.12.I don‟t of smoking. It‟s such a disgusting !It …s especiallydisturbing when young people smoke. Don‟t they read?Aren‟t they aware of the of getting cancer from cigarettes?13.The court has decided that John Adams is guilty stealing from the company that heto work for. He is being sent to for five years.14.Did you have any finding my office? A lot of visitors about howhard it is to locate.15.It‟s time the students to class. If they don‟t now, they‟ll be lateand the instructor will be annoyed.16.A: How can we get rid of this foul smell?B: opening all the doors and windows. Maybe that bill .17.The authorities ought to put a traffic light here. A light would help to accidents.18.One of my roommates is from Jilin and the other is from Baotou. It isn‟t surprising thatof them knows how to cook Sichuan food.19.Our TV set is out of .The repairman is coming to look at it tomorrow.20.The project was to be completed last month, but we were to finishthe work on schedule. ,the authorities were willing to give us an extension.21.Jane is a liar that you can never trust anything she says.22.We often lend other DVDs of foreign films.23.The more you eat, the you get.24.Look at all the puddles on the street! It have rained pretty hard last night. It‟sthat I didn‟t hear any rain falling while I was in bed. Did you?25. governments can afford to support research in particle physics nowadays. It ishugely expensive. Even the American government is to provide money for new particle physics projects.26.How can I call John his telephone number?You can‟t call someoneyou have his phone number, and John‟s is unlisted, so there‟s no way to get it that I know of.THE END。

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