丁晓钟14年超精讲

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4. 虚拟语气 ............................................................................................................................................ 11 1). if 引导的非真实条件句 —— 时态错位 ................................................................................ 11 2). 时态错位：............................................................................................................................... 12 3). Should + do ................................................................................................................................ 13 III. Vocabulary ................................................................................................................................................. 14 IV. Cloze .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 1. 考题特点 ............................................................................................................................................ 21 1) 逻辑关系题................................................................................................................................ 21 2）语义衔接题 ............................................................................................................................... 22 3）语词辨析题 ............................................................................................................................... 22 4）固定搭配题 ............................................................................................................................... 22 5）语法考查题 ............................................................................................................................... 23 2. 做题思路： ........................................................................................................................................ 23 V. Reading ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 1.记叙文 .................................................................................................................................................. 24 2.论说文 .................................................................................................................................................. 25 VI. Translation .................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 1 翻译步骤 ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。 VII. Writing ........................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。 1. 模板 ....................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 1) 首段 引出话题 ............................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 2) 扩展段........................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 3) 结尾段........................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 2. 话题 ....................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 VIII. Suggestions ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

完型1. [A] affected2. [B] up3. [C] act4. [B] perplexing5. [C] accounts6. [B] matter7. [D] as long as8. [A] awareness9. [C] enough10. [D] by11. [C] subject12. [A] contrary to13. [A] evidence14. [D] misleading15. [B] for example16. [A] duly17. [D] continued18. [C] However [原文是but, 但根据考生回忆，考试原文空格后有个逗号，并且只有however 一个表转折的词。

(but后不用逗号)]19. [B] tended20. [D] hitting常规阅读21. [B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.22. [A] free themes.23. [D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. [A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.25. [D] Prominent Critics in Memory26. [C] the possible restriction on their granting27. [D] It may change the legal practice in the U.S.28. [C] change of attitude29. [B] are often unnecessarily issued30. [A] A looming threat to business-method patents31. [B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas32. [D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. [A] the power of influence goes with social interactions34. [C] are influenced and then influence others35. [C] the readiness to be influenced36. [A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules37. [D] the weakening of its independence38. [C] act on their own in rule-setting39. [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets40. [D] sympathy排序41. B42. F43. D44. G45. A争议题解析23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.【其他答案】[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.【点点答案】[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.【解析】我们根据题干中的Shaw 和Newman定位到原文第三段，注意，题干是问：Shaw 和Newman最可能同意什么？也就是在问shaw 和Newman的观点是什么。

写给考江南大学营养与食品科学专业的学弟学妹们~碎碎念有点长，没耐心直接跳到专业课…..江大营卫考研有问题可以问我qq 492458216DUANG~你！真！的！要！考！研！吗！！！？这段话的主旨是考研请慎重！慎重！慎重！！重要的的话要说三遍╮(╯▽╰)╭文史社会类的学科我不了解，就我们理工科来说，考研三种情况（个例排除在外）：1、为了转换专业背景（跨考）；2、dream to be a scientist或者对以后从事专业相关的工作更有优势；3、逃避就业压力。

如果是第三种，请你更加慎重的对待你的决定，就业压力不会与你的学历高低呈负相关，只会更加严峻。

一旦决心考研，请坚定意志坚持到底，摇摆不定只会错失最佳的学习机会与学习状态。

每年都会有很多人以打酱油的态度来备考或者在临上考场12月份的时候放弃了，以及最最最最最不能理解的--考完政治或者英语之后弃考！！！so..如果你决心已定，往下看~关于二战。

先说说我自己，去年我还在犹豫二战的时候给乐国伟老师写了邮件，乐老师劝我说，小姑娘时间最宝贵，能调剂就调剂一个可以接受的学校或者去工作；我爸说，你要想好不要准备到一半后悔了（我有那么不靠谱么....）；我妈说，你要做好失败的准备。

综上摇摆很久之后，我终于在毕业季结束再次投入了备战当中。

毕竟年纪大了么这半年自己也挺无奈的，但同时我也非常珍惜自己度过的这半年，一个人生活学会了很多更加珍惜时间更好的处理外界的压力及其它，感谢后来陪我一起奋斗的@toto。

如果你选择二战也请慎重再决定，要先明白承受失败的后果。

经常有人问我江大营养考研的问题，我整理成下面几条信息：1、食品学院研究的课题跟你期望中的吻合吗？我们每个人应该都遇到过高考填报志愿时候被专业名称误导而填报让自己后悔四年的专业的情况，所以千万不要重蹈覆辙。

想要了解专业的具体情况可以询问在读的师兄师姐，耐心回答你问题的他们都是折翼的天使~；2、营养专业每年报考人数200＋，最后录取20人左右不难看出竞争是非常激烈的，复试竞争更加激烈。

【环球网校免费课堂第五期】五招教你搞定2014年中级经济师专业课复习各位2014年备考环球网校经济师的朋友们大家好，报名已经陆续展开了，报完名的亲们，必须要开始复习了!没报完名的亲们，同样需要赶紧开始学习，因为不管何时报名，考试时间就在那里，2014年11月1日，风雨无阻!该怎么学呢?环球网校经济师小编统计了一下，这段时间每天在环球网校经济师交流群和环球网校经济师微信里，问这个问题的亲们越来越多!上一期我们给大家准备了如何复习中级经济基础，不知道大家有没有认真看，又没按照计划认真执行。

如果你的答案是“是”，那么估计学习起专业课来，你也会更快入手。

如果你还没看过上一期课堂，那么不妨先去看看环球网校经济师第四期免费课堂。

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第一招：选择适合自己的专业这个问题，其实更多的环球网校经济师学员是从哪个专业好考的角度在问。

实际上，经济师各个专业之间难度差别没有那么大，所谓的专业选择都是跟大家的自身条件有关的。

在此环球网校经济师小编跟大家强调两点：第一，选择专业的时候一定要先问一下单位的人事部门，了解清楚单位在聘中级职称时是否对专业有特殊要求，尤其是一些专业领域相关的单位，如建筑类、房地产类、地税类等等;第二，如单位无特殊要求的话，建议大家根据自己的工作岗位和专业情况选择。

例如，您是人力岗位，可以选择中级人力;您是财务岗位，可以选择中级财税。

当然，如果您之前考过其他职称类或者执业类考试，如人力资源管理师、会计师，对照环球网校经济师专业目录选择相对应的专业，备考复习起来一定会快一些，容易一些。

点击查看2014年如何选专业!第二招：合理安排专业课复习时间上次环球网校经济师小编就说过，环球网校经济师备考中，中级经济基础和专业实务的复习时间比例应该是1.5:1，这个是至少的。

这个是根据两个科目的知识量和考点来定的，中级经济基础内容非常多，涉及面很广。

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(使)无性繁殖，克隆. ①条理清楚的，连贯的②一致的，协调的. ①巧合,巧事②(意见、爱好的)一致,符合. 一致的,符合的,巧合的. 战斗,斗争,格斗. 与…斗争,与…战斗. ①命令,指示②司令部③指挥,控制,掌握. ①命令②指挥,掌握,控制③俯临,俯瞰④博得. ①犯(错误等),干(坏事等)②使()承担义务,承诺③把…托付给,将…置于() ④调拨…供使用,拨出. ①承诺,允诺,保证②信奉,献身③承担的义务. 赔偿,补偿,酬劳. ①补偿,赔偿②补偿(或赔偿)的钱物. 竞争. ①构思,构想出,认为②怀(胎) . ①(常与连用)构想出,设想②怀孕. ①秘密的，机密的②表示信任(或亲密)的，担任机密工作的. 保存,保藏. ①组成,构成②设立,任命. 合同，契约. 订约，使缩短，感染. 召集(会议),集会. 调节，协调.[] 坐标. 同等的，并列的. ①法人团体的,公司的②全体的,共同的. 使相互关联. 相关,关联(, ). ①点…的数目,计算②把…算入③认为,看作. ①数,计算②值得考虑,有重要意义. ①计数,总数②(控告的)一项罪状. 与对方地位相当的人,与另一方所用相当的物. ①覆盖，掩盖②范围为③包括，涉及，适用于④报道，采访⑤掩护. 盖子，封面，掩蔽(物). ①信任，信用②信贷，赊欠③信誉，荣誉，声望④学分. ①相信，信任②把…归于()③把…记入贷方. 无犯罪的. 批评家，评论家. 跨种族的. 课程（复数形式：或）. ①损坏,损害②[.]损害赔偿(金) . 损坏,损害. ①日期,日子②时期,年代③约会,约会的对象④枣椰. ①给…注明日期②确定…的年代③和…约会. ①( , )源自,追溯到②过时,逐渐陈旧. ①黎明,拂晓②开端,起始. ①破晓②开始,出现,显露. 最后期限，截止日期. ①正派的,得体的②体面的,像样的,相当好的③宽厚的,大方的. 疏散，分散. 欺骗性的. 认为,视为,相信. 缺点,缺陷,毛病. 变节,叛变. ①缺乏,不足②缺点,缺陷. ①否认,否定②拒绝. ①沮丧的,压抑的②萧条的,不景气的③下降的,降低的. 拼命地，绝望地. ①装置,设备,器械②手段,策略. ①扩散,(使)弥漫②传播,散布. ①(文章等)冗场的,漫无边际的②弥漫的,散漫的. ①空间的②...维的, ...度空间的③...次(元)的. 丢弃,抛弃. ①区别,辨别,识别(, )②歧视,区别对待(). 令人厌恶的,令人作呕的. ①可(任意)处理的②一次性的,用后即可丢弃的. ①区别，差别，特性②声望，显赫③荣誉，勋章. 区分,辨别. 差异, 多样性. 文件,文档,文献,档案,公文. 用文件(或文献等)证明,记载. ①(活动、学问等的)领域，范围②领地，势力范围. 统治的，占优势的，突出的，显著的.①在…中占首要地位②支配，统治，控制③高于，俯视. 处于支配地位，拥有优势. 低迷时期. ①驾驶,驱车旅行②车行道,路③运动④干劲,积极性. ①驾驶,开动,用车送②将(钉、桩等)打入③驱,赶④迫使,驱使. 驾驶,驾车. 迟钝地,单调乏味地. ①[书面语]居住②沉湎于，老是想着，详细谈论(). 居住者,居民. 元素，成分，要素，元件，单元；[]基础，原理，纲要，自然力，(恶劣)天气. [常用被动式]①使埋入(或嵌入，插入)②使深留恼中. ①使具体化,具体表达,体现②概括,包括,收录. ①拥抱②包括,包含③包围,环绕④采用,接受. (互相)拥抱. ①拥抱②包围,环绕③热忱. ①浮现，出现()②(问题等)发生，显露, (事实等)暴露. ①发射,发出②说出,表达③发表,发行(货币等). 濒危的，. 努力，尽力. ①实施，执行②强迫，迫使. 工程师. ①设计,建造②策划. 登记,注册,入会,入学,入伍. 保证，担保，确保. 想象,设想. 时期,时代. 时代,纪元. ①伦理的②(合乎职业)道德的③(药品)合乎规格的,凭处方出售的. 种族的. 评估,评价. ①使筋疲力尽②用尽,花光,耗尽③详尽论述. ①排气装置②(排出的)废气,废液. ①期满，(期限)终止②断气，死亡. ①开拓,开发,开采②剥削. [不以人作主语]①使容易,使不费力②促进,推进. ①因素，要素②因子，因数. ①包括，把…计算在内②对…作因式分解，分解…的因子. ①(车、船、飞机等)费用②乘客，旅客③饮食物. ①饮食②过日子，生活③[主语]进展. 过错，缺点，故障，毛病. 挑剔，找…的缺点. ①特征,特色②[.]面貌,相貌③特写,专题节目④故事片. 突出,由…主演. 费，酬金. ①肥沃的,富饶的②多产的,丰产的③(想象力或创造力)丰富的. 虚构的,编造的,小说式的. ①凶猛的，残酷的，好斗的②狂热的，强烈的③猛烈的，激烈的，狂暴的. 有限的,有限制的,限定的. ①适合，适当，合身②发作，痉挛. ①合适的，适当的②健康的，健壮的. ①使适合，使适应，合…的身②安装，安放. ①适合，合身②符合，适应( ). 有裂纹的，有瑕疵的，有缺陷的. ①羊群,(鸟、兽等)一群,一伙人②一大批,众多,大量. 群集,聚集,成群. ①波动,涨落,起伏②(人)动摇. ①[.]亲属,家人,父母②人们. 民间的. ①伪造(货币、文件等)，假冒②锻造，锤炼. ①收养,养育②鼓励,培养,促进. 养育的,收养的. ①易碎的,脆的,易损坏的②脆弱的,虚弱的. ①欺诈，诈骗②骗子. ①使沮丧，使灰心②挫败，使受挫折. 燃料. ①给…加燃料②激起. 履行,实现,完成. ①基金②[]资金，存款，现金. 为…提供资金，给…拨款. ①缺口，裂口②间隔，间隙③差距，不足，缺陷. ①一般化,普遍化,广义性②概括,归纳. ①(使)一般化,(使)普遍化②总结,概括,归纳③普及,推广. ①真的,非人造的②真诚的,真心的. 有天才的. ①忧郁的,沮丧的②令人沮丧的,令人失望的③阴暗的,阴沉的. 拨款，授予物. 授予，准予，同意. ①地,地面,土地②场地③根据,理由. 建立,使打基础. ①着陆,落地②搁浅. ①有罪的，犯罪的②内疚的，心虚的. ①使烦恼,骚扰②不断地侵扰、袭击. 危险,危害,公害. 冒…的危险. 危险的，冒险的，碰运气的. 阻碍，妨碍. 历史(上)的,有关历史的. ①空的,中空的,凹陷的②(声音)沉闷的③虚伪的,空虚的. 洼地,洞,穴. ①敌意,恶意②敌对,对抗③[.]敌对行动,战争状态. 假设,假说,前提. 理想地,完美地. ①认出,识别,鉴别,验明②使等同于,认为一致()③认为与…有关系. 认同(). ①照明，照亮②阐明，启发. 不成熟的，未完全发育的. 移民，侨民. 使生效，履行，实施. 工具，器具，用具. 给人深刻印象的,感人的,令人难忘的. 不充分的,不适当的. ①倾斜，倾角②倾向，爱好. 不能理解的,不可理喻的. ①合并,使并入②使组成公司③包含,加上,吸收. 个人主义,利己主义. (使)工业化. 必然性. ①设计独特的,精巧的,巧妙的②灵巧的,有创造才能的. ①(混合物的)组成部分,成份,(烹调的)原料②(构成)要素,因素. 居民,住户. ①主动性，首创精神②主动的行动，倡议③主动权. ①吸(气)②鼓舞,激发③给…以灵感. ①本能,直觉②生性,天性. 制定，创立，开始. ①(教育、慈善等)社会公共机构②制度,习俗③设立,创立,制定. ①[常.]指示,用法说明②教学,教导. 保险，保险费. 完整的,整体的,必不可少的,[数]积分的. ①正直,诚实②完整(性),完全. ①智力,智能,才智②智者. 相互作用,相互影响. ①侵入,侵略(别国)②侵害,侵犯(权益等)③(疾病等)侵袭④(游客等)涌入. 说反话地,讽刺地. 不可抗拒的. ①(血、水等的)流出②发行,(报刊的)期、号③问题,争端④结果,结局. ①发布,发行,出版②使流出,放出③发给. 流出,发出. 联结点,(道路等的)会合点,枢纽. ①迟的,晚(期)的②最近的,新近的③已故的,以前的. 迟,晚. 诉讼. 层,阶层,层次. ①法律,法规②立法,法律的制定(或通过). 立法者. ①合情合理的②合法的,法律认可的. 使合法. ①(宾馆、剧院等的)大厅，休息室②院外活动集团. 向(议员等)进行游说. ①位置,场所②特定区域③(电影的)外景拍摄场地. 逻辑上,伦理上,符合逻辑地,合乎常理地. ①奢侈,华贵②奢侈品. ①维持，保持②维修，保养③坚持，主张④赡养，负担. ①机动(动作)②操纵,运用③花招,策略④[.]演习. ①操纵,设法使…变动位置(, )②调遣,使…演习. ①机动,演习②用策略,耍花招. ①大的,大而重的,大块的②大量的,大规模的. ①机械装置②机制,机理③办法,途径. 混乱状态，脏乱状态，混乱局面，困境. 搞乱，弄糟，弄脏. ①(候鸟等)迁徙,移栖②移居(尤指移居国外),迁移. ①温和的,温柔的,和善的②温暖的,暖和的③轻微的,不严重的. 矿物,矿石,矿物质. 缩小的模型,缩图,缩影. 微型的,缩小的. ①少数,少数派②少数民族. ①不端行为②通奸③不善的管理. 处置…不当,管理…不善. 混合的,混杂的. ①可移动的,运动的,活动的②流动的,机动的③多变的,易变的. 移动电话, 手机. ①活动性,流动性,机动性,能动性,灵活性②迁移率. ①谦虚地,谦逊的②适中的,适度的,不太多的③羞怯的. ①动力,冲动,势头②动量. 监听，监视，监测. ①监听器，监视器，监测器②(计算机)显示器③(学校的)班长. 巨大的，怪异的. 引起…的动机,激励,激发,启发,诱导. ①移动,搬动,开动,推动②感动,鼓动③提议,动议④动摇,使改变主意. ①动,移动,行动,前进②迁移,搬家③进展④动议,提议. ①动作,行动,步骤②移动,搬家,迁居③走棋. ①名字,名称,姓名②名声,名誉. ①给…取名②叫出…的名字,指定③提名,委派. ①航行(学),航海(术),航空(术)②导航,领航. 疏忽. ①概念，观念②意图，想法. ①迫使②施恩于,帮…的忙③使感激. ①观察,观测②注意,监视③[常.]观测资料,观测数据④言论,意见. ①注意到,察觉到②观察,观测③评论,评说④遵守,奉行. 障碍(物)，妨碍. ①奇特的,古怪的②临时的,不固定的③单的,不成对的④奇数的,单数的⑤挂零的,剩余的. [.]可能性,机会. 子女，子孙，后代. 反对. 在(…)对面. ①对面的②相反的,对立的. 对立面,对立物. 过时的，不流行的. 胜过，超越. (因年龄增长而)革除或放弃，过大而不适于，长得比…快(大) . 生出，长出，突出. ①比…(在重量上)重,在重量上超过②比…(在重要性、影响上)重要,胜过. ①捆扎，(把…)打包②(使)挤在一起，塞满. 包，小盒，包裹. ①纸②报纸③[.]文件④论文⑤书面作业，试卷. 纸质的. 裱糊. 自相矛盾地,荒谬地. ①特定的,某一种的②特殊的,特别的,特有的③(过分)讲究的,挑剔的④详细的,详尽的. [.]详情,细节. ①社交聚会②党,政党③一方,当事人,( 双方). ①补片,补丁②斑点,斑纹③一小块地④眼罩. 补,修补. ①模式，式样②图案，花样. 仿制，模仿. 回报，支付，偿还，发工资，成果，收效. ①同龄人，同等地位的人②贵族. 仔细看，凝视(). ①穿透,透过②渗透③看穿,识破,洞察. 透入,渗入,深入(). 领年金者,领养老金者,抚恤金领取者. ①柱,支柱②台柱,栋梁. 似是而非的,貌似有理的,似乎正确的. 思索,考虑,沉思. (使人民)居住(于), 使人口聚居于, 移民于, 殖民于. 占有,拥有. 推迟，使延期. 贫穷,贫困. 怀孕的，妊娠的. ①(开)处方,(开)药方②规定,指示③[法律]时效. ①出席的,到场的②现在的,目前的. ①现在,目前②礼物,赠品.①赠送,呈献②介绍,引见③提出,展现. 普遍的,流行的. 私有化. 程序,手续,步骤. ①过程，进程②工序③法律程序. 加工，处理，办理. ①宣告,宣布,声明②显示. ①程序②计划,规划,大纲③节目,节目单. 为…编制程序. 相称地,成比例地,均衡地. 繁荣的. 原型. 假如,若是,倘若. ①问题②疑问,不确定③难题,需讨论(或考虑)的问题. ①询问,审问②怀疑. ①举起, 提高,提升②建立,竖起③筹集,征集④唤起,引起,激起⑤提出⑥养育,饲养,种植. (工资、薪金的)提升,增加. ①理性的,理智的②合理的. 光线,射线. 准备就绪. ①收割，收获②获得，得到.回弹. ①招待会,欢迎会②接受,接纳③接待,迎接④(收音机、电视机等的)接受效果. (经济的)衰退,衰退期. 恢复，痊愈. ①寻回，收复，重新得到②使复原，使康复③挽回，弥补. 回收利用，使再循环. 精致,精确,(言谈, 举止等的)文雅,精巧. 拒绝，谢绝. 废物，垃圾. ①管制，控制②调整，调节. 增强, 加强, 增援. ①释放，排放②解除，解脱③放开，松开④发布，发行. ①排斥的,防…的②讨厌的,令人厌恶的. 有声望的,声誉好的,有名气的. ①居民,定居者②住院医师. ①居住的,定居的②住院的,住校的,住在住所的. 零售商. 报仇,复仇. 为…报仇. ①(尤指大宗的)收入，收益②(政府的)税收，岁入. ①撤销,推翻②使位置颠倒,使互换位置③使反向,使倒转. 反向,倒转. ①相反情况,对立面②反面,背面,后面③挫折,逆境. 相反的,反向的,倒转的. (使)复苏，(使)恢复. ①报答，奖赏②报酬，奖金. 报答，酬谢，奖励. ①严密的,缜密的②严格的,严厉的. ①(宗教等的)仪式②例行公事,老规矩. ①作为仪式一部分的②例行的. (使)腐烂,(使)腐败. 腐烂,腐败. ①(使)毁灭,(使)毁坏②(使)破产. ①毁灭,毁坏②[.]废墟,遗迹. 乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的，生活在农村的. ①牺牲,舍身②献祭,供奉③祭品. ①牺牲,献出②献祭. ①拯救,解救②解救措施. ①大小,规模②等级,级别③[.]天平,磅秤④比例(尺)⑤刻度,尺度.①攀登,(用梯子等)爬越②[与或连用]按比例增加或减少. ①学校的，学校教育的②道学的，学究的. 经院学者. ①季节的,季节性的②周期性的. 不证自明的,不言而喻的. ①自我保护②自卫,自卫本能. ①严厉,严肃,严格②严重,凛冽. 防护物, 护罩, 盾；. () 保护, 防护. 机灵地，敏锐地，精明地. ①模仿,模拟②冒充,假装. ①罪(恶),罪孽②[口语]罪过,失礼,无礼. 犯罪,违反戒律,凡过失. ①跳，蹦②跳过，略过，漏过③跳绳④跳槽，改行. 跳跃，轻跳. ①薄片,切片②一份,部分. 切(片). ①滑动，滑倒，滑落②溜走③下降，跌落. ①使滑动②摆脱，闪开③放过，放走④塞，放. ①滑，滑倒②过失，差错③片条，纸片. 专门的，专科的. ①思索的,臆测的②投机的. 分裂，分离，裂开. ①使分裂②劈开，撕裂③分担，分享. 分裂，裂口. ①损坏,破坏②宠坏,溺爱. (食物)变质. [.]战利品,掠夺物,赃物. 自然地，自发地，本能地. ①斑点,污点②地点,处所③少量. ①点缀②玷污,把…弄脏③认出,发现. ①货摊②[]正厅前座③(发动机)熄火，失速④小房间，小隔间. ①(使)熄火，(使)失速②(使)停止，停顿. ①库存，现货②股票，股份. 进货, 储备.常备的. 战略的，战略上的. ①力, 力气②实力，力量③强度，浓度④强点，长处. 伸展，延伸，延续. ①拉长，拉紧，伸展②使倾注全力，使紧张.①一段时间，一段路程，连绵的一片②伸展，延伸，延续. ①顽固的，顽强的，倔强的②难对付的，难克服的. ①绊(一下),绊倒②蹒跚③说话结结巴巴④偶然碰见,无意中发现() . ①主题,题目②学科,科目③(试验等的)对象④主语. ①受…支配的,取决于…的()②易遭…的() . ①使服从()②使遭受(). 随后的,后来的. 代用品,代替者. 以…代替() . 代替,代理. 接连的，连续的. ①顶点,最高峰②最高阶层. 最高级别的. 表面的,肤浅的,浅薄的. ①增补(物),补充(物)②增刊,副刊. 增补,补充. ①(人群等)蜂拥而出②(感情等)洋溢,奔放③(波涛等)汹涌,奔腾.①(感情等)洋溢,奔放②急剧上升,猛增③浪涛般汹涌澎湃. 胜过,超越. 沼泽,湿地. ①淹没②难道,压倒. 裁缝. ①裁剪，缝制②使适应(特定需要). 气质，性情，脾气. ①出自本性地,本质地②喜怒无常地. ①紧张,紧张状态②拉紧,绷紧③张力,拉力. 试验(性)的,试探(性)的. ①作证②(常与连用)表明,证明. 证明,证实,表明. ①(使)倾斜，(使)倾侧，(使)翘起②(用语言或文字)攻击，抨击. 倾斜，倾侧. ①触摸,碰到②触动,感动③接触,涉及. 触摸,接触. ①接触,碰到②触觉③(完工前的)细小变动,润色④少许,一点. 有毒的,中毒的. ①路径，小道②跑道，径赛③轨道④轨迹，车辙，踪迹. 追踪，跟踪. 悲剧，惨案，灾难. 特征, 特点, 特性. 交易，业务. ①搬，转移②调动，转学③转让，过户. ①迁移，转移②调动，转学③转车，换乘. ①转移，调动②转车，换乘. ①使改观,改革②变换,把…转换成. ①播送,发射②传送,传递,传染. ①透明的②明显的,清楚的. ①审讯,审判②试用,试验③讨厌的人或事物. ①三部分的,三方的②三倍的,三重的. (使)增至三倍. ①学费②(某一学科的)教学，讲授，指导. ①[英](大学)指导教师,[美]助教②家庭教师③监护人. ①当(…的)指导教师,当(…的)家庭教师,辅导②监护. 孪生儿之一，双胞胎之一. 孪生的，成对的. 不可改变地,坚定不移地. ①切去…的下部②削(价),削弱(力量、地位等). 不合乎要求的, 不受欢迎的, 不良的. 无敌的,无比的,不相配的. 非正统的,异教的,异端的. 空前的. 毫无保留地，不客气地. 可变性，易变性. ①植被,植物,草木②(植物的)生长,呆板单调的生活. 经由,经过,通过. 牺牲品,受害者. ①美德,德行②优点,长处③效力,功效. 签证. ①看得见的,可见的,令人瞩目的②明显的,显然的③可得到的. ①视觉的,看得见的②形象的,栩栩如生的. 浪费，损耗，废物. 任性的，固执的，故意的. ①屈服，顺从()②倒塌，垮掉. ①出产，生产②让出，放弃. 产量，收益听力要点听力第一部分为个对话题，在放录音之前，或者是试题间隔对题干信息进行分类。

考研英语二推荐用书考研复习选参考书很重要，量要适中，搭配要合理全面。

市面上的参考书可谓“乱花渐欲迷人眼”。

以下是的关于二推荐用书，希望大家认真阅读!1. 单词类最为推荐的依次有：单词类最为推荐的参考书和软件同英语一，外加《老蒋绿皮书讲词汇》2. 真题类最为推荐的依次有：《老蒋绿皮书讲真题》——蒋军虎; 《张剑黄皮书真题系列》——张剑; 《考研英语历年真题超精解》——丁晓钟3. 阅读类最为推荐的依次有：《高分阅读老蒋80篇》——蒋军虎; 《张剑黄皮书阅读150篇》——张剑; 《考研英语同源阅读80篇》——陈正康4. 作文类最为推荐的依次有：《老蒋绿皮书讲作文》——蒋军虎; 《张剑黄皮书写作系列》——张剑; 《考研通关66篇》——高教版，陈正康2月-3月中旬复习方案1：单词入手：15，16级同学普遍反映朱伟练恋有词比较好，朱伟老师讲单词特色主要是通过历年真题记单词，把单词融入真题句子记忆，这种方法很好。

单词记忆要贯穿在考研复习始终，比方3-5月阶段单词肯定还没记忆完，这时候要边记忆单词边开始阅读复习了。

目前官方的网站17年英语用的朱伟老师16版的练恋有词，网上都有视频对应书籍卖，大家先看16版的。

这里不太推荐何凯文以及刘一男词汇，何凯文主讲长难句和阅读，作文，单词不是强项。

刘一男的一些记忆方法刚开始听起来觉得不错，听到后面的感觉就是还不如自己记忆，更不推荐红宝书，新东方绿皮，红皮书之类的这类死记硬背的书籍。

另外尚志的那个逐词精讲班视频有同学说好，有同学说不好，我们自己没看过，所以不做评价。

当然你自己也可以试试听，选择你认为讲的好的看就行。

2：长难句：推荐何凯文的长难句视频，有时间也可以看看，主要是讲句子和语法，何凯文的长难句讲的不错。

3.其他一些导学班(导学班根本都是在在推销自己或者为自己的书吹牛打广告)根底班视频暂时都可以不看，比方翻译，作文，完型，新题型暂时都可以不看，你如果时间多无聊也可以听听。

revolution appears to be falling into place. 【点友翻译】： 摇曳的叶子：既然从投资圈到总统竞选，清洁技术和再生能源的头条新闻无处不在，长期允 诺的完全的电动车的基础看起来正在逐渐落实。 杭州方舟：现在从改造世界到总统选举，清洁技术和可再生能源在各个地方都登上了头条， 对长期以来所希望的完全的电车改革的基础逐渐变得清晰起来。 linghu: 因为从投资世界到总统竞选，清洁技术和可再生能源在各领域都是头条新闻，长期 承诺的全电动车革命的基础似乎尘埃落定。 lijunlijun005: 由于清洁性技术和可循环能源无论在什么地方都会被置于首位，从世界的投资 到总统的大选都可以看出，可是对于长期全电驱动的汽车革命的基础似乎没有准备好。 【点评】now that, make headlines, investing world, long-promised 是理解难点，可能翻译有误。 【翻译】因为从投资界到总统竞选，关于清洁技术和可再生能源的头条新闻无处不在，人们 期待已久的全电动车革命的基础似乎正在逐渐落实。 【总结】 now that 既然，由于，因为 clean tech 清洁技术 renewable energy 可再生能源；替换：sustainable energy make (the) headlines 成为头条新闻（重要新闻）; 替换：hit (the) headlines 【造句】：High-tech cheating at a national postgraduate entrance exam venue in Siping, Jilin
【超精解】
①
For at least the last decade, electric vehicles have been a hot topic in industry and

丁晓钟老师微博英语学习散句整理汇编（完整版）使用说明：此资料乃在下全面收集、汇编丁晓钟老师自微博注册以来至2013年全年在微博上发布的所有英语学习散句而成，供大家一同分享，如有不足，还望海涵。

理念：基本功是王道，技巧只有建立在强大的基本功之上才能起效。

考研英语虽然难，但再难，从根本上考得还是大学英语的基本功。

只要能研究透外刊视频班、外刊超精读、真题超精解，细水长流，通过长期而非短期的努力点点夯实基本功，高分必然不在话下。

实力为主，技巧为辅；真题、题源外刊是王道；打通阅读和写作，以阅读带动写作，以写作促进阅读。

望各位丁门同仁谨记师尊教诲，摒弃无用技巧，扎实强化基本功，先超精读吃透外刊书和外刊视频，闲暇时辅助泛读BBC NEWS,然后逐年逐文逐段逐句逐字吃透20年真题，长期坚持，水到渠成。

祝各位同仁复习顺利，马到成功！更多最新内容，请各位登陆丁老师的微博及时学习：/xzding2013.121.We guarantee you that you will cough to death in the Heavenly Dynasty.2.The hero will enjoy eternal glory!3.Dear clocks, It's a hard road to success, but you're truly on your way!4.Hold on, guys! I do believe you're just days away from success!5.#分享图表作文加分句型#The upward / downward trend can be put down to a host of factors. 这个上升(下降)趋势可以被归结为许多因素。

本句型也可用于漫画作文分析原因，主语换成The trend等。

6.#分享加分句型#The cartoonist seeks to underscore the supreme importance of (doing) sth.7.#必背加分用法分享#写个句子送给大家，可用于投诉信: Your after-sales service is far from outstanding. 加分亮点为be far from outstanding，用途很广泛，还可用在英语一二大作文里，如The quality of cars with local brands was far from outstanding. 背!8.#造句#Thanks to China's supreme leader, Baozi, or steamed stuffed bun, is suddenly a buzzword on the nation's social networks. 时事学英语!unching a violent attack against them should be at the center of your priorities! (对它们发起猛烈攻击应该是你们的重中之重!) Doing sth should be at the center of one's priorities. 又是一个作文加分句型，快背!10.Dear clocks, fear nothing! It's time to test your limit.11.#分享加分句型#Working out solutions to the problem should be the central focus of our policy-making. 必背!!!12.What are your ways to motivate yourself?12.You must find ways to motivate yourself!13.#分享加分句型#The trend is a symbol of the growing spending power of Chinese.14.Simply put , it is my firm belief ,I will taste success with you help ！15.Let's embrace challenges ahead!16.#分享加分句型#The trend, if not curbed, would endanger our nation.17. #分享加分句型#The trend is indicative of our growing power in the auto industry.18.#分享加分句型#China cannot afford to ignore innovation.19.睡觉前随手写个句型送给大家，很多作文能用: The picture deepens my understanding of the crucial importance of (doing) sth.20.You have gained an edge over your rivals.21.As a college student in the Ivory Tower,I am convinced that my English writing skills taught by Mr.Ding will top the world.22.19 days to go! wanna lead a more decent life? redouble your efforts!23.You are right on the tipping point of success.24.He made headlines. Persistence prevails when all else fails!25.#造句#Over the period from 2006 to 2010, the auto industry in China has seen robust growth in market share. 这种句型可用于英语二作文图表描写。

英语考试个人感想总结英语考试的心得体会(三篇)最新英语考试个人感想总结(推举)一在这次期中考试中，我以一本书为载体，对学生两个月的所学进展了整个摸查，就想看看经过这段时间的学习，学生的学习力量有了怎样的提升，所以，这次考试的成绩是我将来的工作的方向。

(一)对试题的思索;这次考试，我共五道大题，分值100分，时间长度90分钟.第一道大题是听力题，由于是受时间，分值的影响，我只选用了15道题，分值每个一分。

考察根底学问局部我选用了目标中的单项选择原题，是想看看学生读书了没有。

从近100道题中，选了15道，其实也是这局部的精华局部，学生常常备考的题型。

主要涉及了定语从句，新学词组的变形，并涉准时态，语态等问题，第三道大题是考察学生力量的完形填空的20个小题，这道大题有些难度，是选取二类校的下学期期中考题中的一道大题，就是想看看学生的底子有多厚，还有多少提升的潜力，但可庆幸的是，学生比我想象中的答题要答得更抱负些，很是欣慰。

接下来，我考察了学生的阅读力量，主要从速度，和精确度两方面衡量，阅读##第1篇较简洁，做得不错，后两篇明显看出差异性，有待学生提高。

最终我考察了作文，一篇写人，一篇写事。

##第1篇写的不错，缘由是背过类似的范文，##第2篇明显看出学生写不出来了，由于没有样板，说明孩子们的敏捷性，实际交际力量还是很差的，符合他们的认知特点。

(二)对成绩的思索;高一1，2班同学们的思维，学习习惯，和听讲状况还有许多不同。

1班学生灵动性好一些，但比拟不踏实，主动性不强，好的学生和弱的学生差异性很大，而且有个别同学偏科现象很明显。

2班同学踏实，但敏捷性很差，同学之间的差异性不大，尖子生也不多，所以整体显得比拟慢一些，成绩不如1班抱负。

高一1班;不及格人数7人，及格率72%，平均分63.56. 高一2班;不及格12人，共26人，近一半同学不及格。

平均分60.37，及格率53.85%。

(三)对教学的反思;面对教材，经过了几轮的教学，思想观念我有了些转变，我不是以往对新课程是逐一讲解，面面俱到，往往是学生觉得枯燥无味，真可谓“穿新鞋，走老路”，我这学期就主动从学生入手，让他们讲讲课文中的许多内容，如讲到朋友是，我先让学生进展自我介绍，让学生通过语言，把握社交技巧，到达语言的使用功能。

2014标准常识：讲义+26【14年名师班标准版常识判断】
2015年国家名师模块班
蔡金龙主讲：判断推理名师模块班（2014-2015最新版）：57讲+讲义+习题册
郜爽主讲：言语理解与表达名师模块班：33讲+讲义
顾斐主讲：言语理解与表达名师模块班（2014-2015最新版，2014.03上线）：45讲+讲义
李委明主讲：数量关系名师模块班（2014-2015最新版）：讲义+43讲+课前知识三份李委明主讲：数量关系名师模块班（扩展1：广度）（2014-2015最新版）：讲义+24讲李委明主讲：数量关系名师模块班（扩展2：深度）（2014-2015最新版）：讲义+30讲李委明主讲：资料分析名师模块班（2014-2015最新版）：讲义+24讲
罗红军主讲：常识名师模块班（2014-2015最新版）：讲义+40讲
申论-钟君（此部分官网沿用14年省考）：69讲+讲义+真题本
2014国考行测真题详解：真题+21~135等13个视频
2015年华图名师教材班：
行测（更新完毕）：常识8+推理10+数量关系9+言语理解与表达13+资料分析3
申论（更新完毕）：16讲
华图密训班次
行测（更新完毕）：判断推理3+数量6+言语理解与表达5
申论（更新完毕）：6讲。

第六章 公共部门的人力资源管理
`
公共组织人力资源概述（7）
x 传统的政府人事管理模式
◦ 我国公共组织人事管理模式的转变
x 特点：缺乏分类、权限集中、方式陈旧单一，制度缺失 x 局限性：
x 高度集中的单一管理模式导致责权分离、管人事管理脱节，人事矛 盾激化 x 管理权限过分集中强化了“人治”，忽视了法治，人事工作和关系简 单化 x 集中单一的管理体制限制了竞争机制发挥作用，“铁饭碗”、“铁交 椅”、“大锅饭” x “国家干部”管理的单一模式造成管理方式僵化落后，缺乏活力，强 化了“官本位”意识
x 主要对象 x 管理主体 x 依据
x 人事行政的核心是人与事“关系”
x 事得其人、人尽其才、才尽其用是人中管理的出发点和归宿
第六章 公共部门的人力资源管理
`
公共组织人力资源概述（2）
◦ 相关概念
x 公共组织人力资源管理是对公共组织就业人员特别是政府公 务员进行有效开发、合理配置、充分利用和科学管理的一系 列制度、法令、程序和方法的总称。 x 招聘、录用、培训、晋升、调动、考核、评价、薪酬、离退 x 关于人力资源的需求预测、规划和开发管理活动 x 人事行政的作用具体表现为：
第六章 公共部门的人力资源管理
`
公共组织人力资源概述（6）
x x x x x x x
◦ **公共组织人力资源管理的过程
公共组织的人力资源规划：编制干部队伍发展规划 公共工作职位和职责的分配：工作分析、职位分类等 人力资源的获取：招聘与选拔 人力资源的绩效评估和报酬管理：考核与激励 人力资源的开发：培训与提升 流动和流出管理：岗位交流、解职、辞职、退休 人力资源管理中雇员关系：信息交流、文化建设、冲突管理
第五章 沟通与协调

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二、重要的环境因素（三）金融环境1.金融机构:金融机构：主要是指银行和非银行金融机构。

2.金融工具（1）金融工具的分类（2）金融工具的特征(2014年新增)【例题3•多选题】下列各项中，属于衍生金融工具的有（）。

A.股票B.互换C.债券D.掉期【答案】BD【解析】常见的基本金融工具有货币、票据、债券、股票；衍生的金融工具主要有各种远期合约、互换、掉期、资产支持证券等。

【例题4•多选题】下列属于金融工具特征的有（）。

A.风险性B.收益性C.流动性D.稳定性【答案】ABC【解析】金融工具特征的有风险性、收益性、流动性。

故选项ABC正确。

3.金融市场（1）基本内容主要包括①拆借市场（一般不超过一个月）②票据市场：包括票据承兑市场和票据贴现市场再贴现、转贴现）③大额定期存单市场④短期债券市场等（信誉好、期限短、利率优惠主要【提示1】有价证券的发行是一项复杂的金融活动，一般要经过以下几个重要环节： （1）证券种类的选择； （2）偿还期限的确定； （3）发售方式的选择。

4.利率利率：是资金的价格，是衡量资金增值的基本单位，是资金的增值同投入的资金的价值比，是资金的增值同收入资金的价值比。

利率可以用下式表示：=无风险收益率＋风险收益率 =K 0＋IP ＋DP ＋LP ＋MP=（纯利率＋通货膨胀预期补偿率）＋（违约风险补偿率＋流动性风险补偿率＋期限风险补偿率）( )。

（2010年）A.基本获利率B.流动性风险补偿率C.通货膨胀预期补偿率D.违约风险补偿率E.期限风险补偿率【答案】BCDE【解析】根据金融市场上利率的构成公式“名义利率＝纯利率＋通货膨胀预期补偿率+违约风险补偿率＋流动性风险补偿率＋期限风险补偿率”，故选项A 是错误选项。

【例题6•单选题】下列关于利率构成的各项因素的表述中，错误的是（ ）。

（2013年）A.纯利率是受货币供求关系和国家调节影响的没有风险、没有通货膨胀情况下的平均利率B.通货膨胀预期补偿率是由于通货膨胀造成货币实际购买力下降而对投资者的补偿，它与当前的通货膨胀水平关系不大，与预期通货膨胀水平有关C.流动性风险的大小可用一项资产转化为现金的速度来衡量，如果变现能力强，流动性风险就大借款人无法按时支付利息或偿还本金而对投资者的补偿风险补偿率：风险与要求的报酬率成正向变动资产不能迅速转化为现金，变现力弱而对投资者的补偿D.期限风险是指在一定时期内利率变动的幅度，利率变动幅度越大，期限风险就越大【答案】C【解析】资产的变现能力强，资产转化为现金的速度快，流动性风险就小。

2014年考研英语（⼀）真题超精解【电⼦版】丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年2014年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题Section I : Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)4 impact on our professional, social, and personal5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing — much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A] where [B] when [C] that [D] why2. [A] improves [B] fades [C] recovers [D] collapses3. [A] If [B] Unless [C] Once [D] While4. [A] uneven [B] limited [C] damaging [D] obscure5. [A] wellbeing [B] environment [C] relationship [D] outlook6. [A] turns [B] finds [C] points [D] figures7. [A] roundabouts [B] responses [C] workouts [D] associations8. [A] genre [B] functions [C] circumstances [D] criterion9. [A] channel [B] condition [C] sequence [D] process10. [A] persist [B] believe [C] excel [D] feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A] according to [B] regardless of [C] apart from [D] instead of13. [A] back [B] further [C] aside [D] around14. [A] sharpness [B] stability [C] framework [D] flexibility15. [A] forces [B] reminds [C] hurries [D] allows16. [A] hold [B] track [C] order [D] pace17. [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on18. [A] irregularly [B] habitually [C] constantly [D] unusually19. [A] carry [B] put [C] build [D] take20. [A] risky [B] effective [C] idle [D] familiar- 1 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年Section II : Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit — and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed, “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” — protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at ?71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phase “to sigh on”(Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C] to register for an allowance from the government.[D] to attend a governmental job-training program.- 2 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all. [B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A] uneasy. [B] enraged. [C] insulted. [D] guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reform will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession — with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states; a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients. [B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms. [D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. [B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major. [D] Receiving training by professional associations.- 3 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance. [B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers. [D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession. [B] keeps lawyers form holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. [D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for research have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research— as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism — that is the culture of research, after all — but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth. [B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C] an example of bankers’ investments. [D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A] the profit-oriented scientists. [B] the founders of the new awards.[C] the achievement-based system. [D] peer-review-led research.- 4 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A] controversies over the recipients’ status. [B] the joint effort of modern researchers.[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes. [D] the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them. [B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor. [D] History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are[A] acceptable despite the criticism. [B] harmful to the culture of research.[C] subject to undesirable changes. [D] unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study-abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets and self-reliance — as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and something legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical. [B] Appreciative. [C] Contemptuous. [D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to- 5 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education. [B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education. [D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history. [B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies. [D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets. [B] cautious about intellectual investigation.[C] conservative about public policy. [D] biased against classical liberal ideas.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter” [B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education [D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into thenumbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable — for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece;the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mappingthe entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. [C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surfaceof the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working aroundthe ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety ofhigh-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Suchsearches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the- 6 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveysinvolve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. →45.Section III : TranslationDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behaviour and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.- 7 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年- 8 -Section IV : WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition. You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)【参考答案】Section I : Use of English1. [A]2. [B]3. [D]4. [C]5. [A]6. [A]7. [C]8. [B]9. [D] 10. [C]11. [D] 12. [A] 13. [B]14. [A] 15. [D] 16. [B]17. [D]18. [C]19. [C] 20. [B]Section II : Reading ComprehensionPart A21. [B] 22. [C] 23. [D]24. [A] 25. [D] 26. [D]27. [C]28. [B]29. [A] 30. [C]31. [D] 32. [B] 33. [B]34. [A] 35. [A] 36. [A]37. [C]38. [C]39. [D] 40. [B]Part B41. [C] 42. [F] 43. [G]44. [D] 45. [B]丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年- 9 -Section I : Use of English{⼀} ①As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. ②We suddenly can’t remember 1 where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. ③As the brain 2 fades , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ④ 3 While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a 4 damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 wellbeing . ①很多⼈到了中年，会经常发现⾃⼰的记忆⼒和思维清晰度不如以往。

大学英语四级经验技巧大学英语四级经验技巧阅读理解：每个人做这部分题目的方法都不同。

但是我觉得很重要的一点就是——你一定要认真揣摩、了解出题者的习惯、思维方法。

其实这部分题目是最需要考试技巧的，当然，也是最重要的部分。

2分一个，基本上这部分做得好，过就没问题了。

这里有几点值得注意：一。

千万不要奢望把*里每个单词都认出来。

也不要想把每篇*都理解透彻。

那是英语狂人们的事情。

我们要做的是——把题目做出来。

二。

一般*比较长的，题目就相对简单。

*比较简单的，题目相对难，陷阱就比较多，需要归纳什么的就比较多，而归纳、概括的问题也就是阅读理解部分的难点。

说这点是想提醒心理上要做好准备，不要被吓坏了，也不要看*简单就掉以轻心。

三。

遇到一时读不懂得*或者做不出来的题目就跳过去，不要耗时间。

做完了别的，回过头来，可能很容易就可以读懂。

或者做着别的，忽然灵光一闪，就行了。

呵呵四。

在做真题的时候，一定要根据答案认真揣摩出题者的思维方式。

注意总结再什么样的情况下标准答案会是怎么样。

有了一个模糊的感觉后，你下次遇到这样的题目、*，基本就能猜出来了。

不要坚持自己的观点，在这个时候。

除非有天你成了出卷子的人。

这部分题目我自己的作题方法：先大概的看一遍*，知道*大概讲什么。

然后看一边题目和答案。

这样我就知道了第二遍认真阅读的时候哪些是重点了。

然后就开始认真的阅读*，带着后面的那些问题阅读。

这遍看完后就开始正式做题目了。

这时候会需要再到*中去找一些数据啊什么的。

由于有了两遍的阅读，基本就很容易找到了。

这部分不妨多花点时间，但是也不能过于多，因为往往你考虑什么归纳提阿什么的。

想半个小时和想半分钟的效果是一样的，可以先放下，回头再想再做。

再就是，一般阅读理解部分的出题模式也就那么几种，你熟悉了后，注意培养那种在阅读*的时候本能的反应——哦，这里是出题点，那里的数据能会问。

这样对提高阅读的速度和做题的效率很有帮助。

6. 词汇、语法：我自己没怎么专门的复习过语法，词汇的积累主要是靠大学英语6册和阅读英文书得来的。

君哥来了：秒杀写作钟君主讲2014年3月27日目录一、优秀申论文章的五度空间：高度、深度、广度、力度、风度 (2)二、构思——谋篇布局 (4)三、论点——立意 (4)四、论据 (5)五、论证 (5)六、表达——高分的关键 (14)七、申论文章的五个得分突破点 (17)八、真题训练 (24)一、优秀申论文章的五度空间：高度、深度、广度、力度、风度高度：体现主流价值深度：体现洞察力广度：体现视野效度 / 力度：体现可操作性风度：表达生动但不口水，体现文字驾驭能力◆高度、深度、广度、力度详解高度：2014年国考地市级作文范文：直面缺陷，享受幸福首先，要正视苦难，在艰苦奋斗中体悟幸福。

艰苦奋斗是正视苦难，拥抱幸福的基本态度。

社会焦虑是人们不幸福的重要原因。

在经济快速发展和生活水平不断提高的今天，社会焦虑源于人们物质的无节制欲望和信仰的缺失。

艰苦奋斗是一种人生信仰，亦是一种生活态度，更是一种人生态度。

成由俭，败于奢。

生于忧患，死于安乐。

艰难困苦、玉汝于成。

功崇惟志，业广惟勤。

我们的国家、社会和个人，唯有不畏艰难、矢志奋斗，才能建立信仰、知足常乐，方能稳中求进、赢得未来、体悟幸福。

其次，要笑对挫折，用伟大梦想点亮幸福。

泰戈尔曾经讲过，负担将变成礼物，受的苦难将照亮你的路。

积极乐观，怀揣梦想是面对各种挑战，迎接幸福的精神动力和价值支撑。

梦想寄寓人们对美好生活的向往，为人们的理想播散上一层诗意的光辉。

没有梦想的人生是暗淡的，没有梦想的民族是悲哀的，没有梦想的社会是沉闷的，缺少梦想的时代是乏味的。

面对困难，与其悲观地唉声叹气，不如用梦想点亮未来，为战胜困难点燃希望。

当前，以国家富强、民族振兴和人民幸福为主要内容的中国梦就是广大人民群众战胜困难，点亮幸福的精神旗帜。

最后，要直面问题，用改革创新追求幸福。

改革创新是迎接挑战，克服困难，解决问题，实现幸福的根本路径。

生活中的缺陷、人生中的挫折、社会中的矛盾，必然存在，不可避免。

(1)真题什么时候开始做？——现在就可以开始做了。

虽然很多同学会认为真题太宝贵了，就十来套，一下就写完了怎么办？大多数人都推荐反反复复做真题，我也觉得反复做真题是一条可行的路，并且许多前辈们也通过反复做真题提高了英语成绩。

但就本人的亲身实践来说，我本人只做了1.5遍真题，就达到了比较好的效果。

我推荐大家从1998年的真题开始做，在暑假前做完98到04或者05年真题，张剑真题解析书（黄宝书）的基础版就是从98到04年的，这些年份比较久远的真题难度较低，非常适合刚开始备考考研英语的同学，此外丁晓钟老师的考研英语真题超精解上册收录的真题也比较充实，是从96年开始的。

到了暑假的时候，就可以开始做04到09年的真题了，我在这时候关注了丁晓钟老师的微博，受益良多，他分析到06年、10年的试卷十分难，所以建议06和10年两年真题留到复习冲刺阶段再做。

如果说98到04年的真题是基础阶段的话，那04到09的真题就是你巩固阶段该好好练习的。

暑假结束，9月份开始做10、11和12这三年的真题，虽然说重复做真题是大家实践之后觉得好的方法，但我本人其实也还是不大习惯做以前做过的题目，于是这三年的题目我11月份才写完。

大家不必学我，我三个月只写三套真题，量是太少了的，这9-11月是冲刺阶段，可以加大练习的力度，在做完12年前所有的真题后，请重做04到12年的真题，可以重做一遍，你觉得不够，甚至可以做两遍。

我把宝贵的12月贡献给了政治和专业课，但每人情况不一样，我还是希望大家能够在12月份也保持做真题的状态。

至于13年和14年的真题，13年的考前两个礼拜再写。

我在考英语前一天晚上才开始做最新一年的真题（对我来说是13年真题，对大家来说是14年真题，希望大家把14年的真题尤其是真题的阅读和完型部分留到考前一天再写），个人觉得考前磨刀十分有必要——如果你觉得考前一晚太紧张没心思写真题，那就再提前一两天再写最新一年的真题。

此外，我不知道大家的做题习惯是怎么样，我就分析下我自己做真题的习惯吧，考研的题型是完型、阅读A （精读）、阅读B（新题型）、阅读C（翻译）、小作文、大作文。