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2011年冬大学英语四级考试模拟题一

City Problems

注意：此部分试题在答题卡I 上。

Part II Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）

Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, mark

Y（for YES）if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N （for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG （for NOT GIVEN）if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New Orleans As experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated （毁坏）city, one question is whether to wall off—or work with—the water.

Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, scientists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, that?s bound to change, says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State University （LSU）in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster, he says, it?s that …now we?ve got a clean slate to start from.”

Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly below sea level, keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Venice?s long-standing adaptations, say it?s best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence—a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.

But before the options can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal.

“We can?t say for sure until this job is done,” says Day, “but the emerging picture is exactly what we?ve predicted for years.” Namely, several canals—including the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s—have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the city?s eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. “One of the first things we?ll see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal,” predicts Day, “which could take a couple of years.”

The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be shored up further in the months to come, although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile dam system, much like a storm surge

barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.

The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone.

After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 （now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project）. Wetland restoration was a key component. “It?s one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses,” says Day, who chaired its scientific advisory committee.

Although the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. “The results are as good as we could have hoped,” he says, “with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per year—enough to offset rising sea levels”, says Day.

Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his Ph.D. at LSU：shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he says,” so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem？” The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level “in 50 to 60 years,”he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts. Boumans even takes it a step further：“You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float.”?

Whether that is technically or politically feasible—Day, for one, calls it “not likely”—remains to be seen, especially because until now, the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there, and where. “there may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return,” says Bill Good, an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Survey?s Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, “Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude.”Every level of government is sure to be involved, and “the process is likely to be ad hoc.”

Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have “a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions,” says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. “I hope that we don?t let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the rush to rebuild the city”.

1. The passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.

2. Two examples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.

3. The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.

4. The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.

5. The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.

6. The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland restoration.

7. The plan of Coast 2050 will get billions of federal funding.

8. New Orleans will likely sink ________________ by 2100.

9. Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment ________________.

10. How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also ________________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）

Section A

Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Blue is the world?s favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority. Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is48by deep blue. Blue and turquoise （青绿色）are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world. Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger. The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile（枯燥的）unless 53 with warmer colors. Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle（喧闹）and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.

［A］represented ［B］engage ［C］refreshing ［D］surround ［E］curved ［F］dominant ［G］lower ［H］balanced

［I］activity ［J］zones ［K］foolish ［L］line

［M］acquires ［N］associated ［O］rash

Section B

Directions：There are 2 passages in the section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］。You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Most shoplifters （商店扒手）agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any

extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as “hoisting”。

But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.

As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.

Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.

When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.

It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.

“As she turned to go,” Chadwick recalled, “she suddenly looked up at the …sputnik? and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.”

“For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.”

57. January is a good month for shoplifters because ________.

［A］they don?t need to wait for staff to serve them

［B］they don?t need any previous experience as thieves

［C］there are so many people in the store

［D］January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them

58. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended ________.

［A］to watch the most desirable goods

［C］to frighten shoplifters by their appearance

［B］to make films that can be used as evidence

［D］to be used as evidence against shoplifters

59. The case last October was important because ________ 。

［A］the store got the dresses back

［B］the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters

［C］other shops found out about the equipment

［D］the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court

60. The woman stealing perfume ________.

［A］guessed what the sputniks were for ［C］could see the camera filming her

［B］was frightened by its shape ［D］knew that the detective had seen her

61. The woman?s action before leaving the store shows that she ________.

［A］was sorry for what she had done

［B］was afraid she would be arrested

［C］decided she didn?t want what she had picked up

［D］wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.

The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct. Or is it？Carcharodon Megalodon, commonly known as Megalodon, is believed to have lived between 1 million and 5 million years ago and thought to have been 52 feet long. It is（or was）a shark that had a jaw 7 or more feet wide. Fairly recently, there has been some speculation about whether it is extinct or just out of reach. But few people believe that Megalodon has found a home deep in the ocean.

There are many known “Living Fossils”：Coelacanth,Sea Cucumbers,Sea Urchins, Lobsters, Sea Stars. The common ones like lobsters and sea urchins are not really looked on as anything amazing. They?ve been around for thousands of years or more, and are easily accessible to us. What if they weren?t accessible and yet still existed？We would label them extinct. The discovery of a live Coelacanth,a fish long believed extinct,challenged some scientists?long-held beliefs on extinction. There have been recent discoveries of incredibly large squid, and deep-sea fish never before seen by scientists.

In the 1960s the U.S. Navy set up underwater microphones around the world to track Soviet submarines. The network,known as the Sound Surveillance System,still lies deep below the ocean?s surface in a layer of water known as the “deep sound channel”。The temperature and pressure of the channel allow sound waves to travel undisturbed. NOAA?s Acoustic Monitoring Project has been using the Sound Surveillance System to listen for changes in ocean structure like ocean currents or volcanic activity. Most of the sounds recorded are common and of no concern. One sound, identified in 1977 by U.S. Navy “spy” sensors, was odd. It was obviously a marine animal but the call was more powerful than any of the calls made by any other reported sea creature. It was too big for a whale. Could it be a deep-sea monster？One possibility was a giant squid, but no one is sure. It was named “Bloop”。Could it be Megalodon？If Megalodon is still alive down in the bottom of the ocean, we may some day soon discover it. Then what？Deep sea diving will never be the same, that?s for sure！

62. The following is commonly known EXCEPT ________.

［A］Megalodon, the largest shark, is extinct

［B］Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach

［C］Megalodon was 52 feet long and had a jaw 7 or more feet wide

［D］Megalodon lived between several million years ago.

63. What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is extinct？

［A］The discovery of many “Living Fossils”。

［C］The discovery of a live Coelacanth.

［B］The discovery of the fossils of lobsters.

［D］The discovery of the fossils of sea urchins.

64. What was special in their recorded sounds？

［A］To listen for changes in ocean structure.

［B］To listen for changes of ocean currents or volcanic activity.

［C］To Make sure whether there was a giant squid deep in the ocean.

［D］To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.

65. What was special in their recorded sounds？

［A］A strange, powerful animal sound was heard. ［C］A sea monster?s sound was heard.

［B］A big whale?s sound was heard. ［D］A giant squid?s sound was heard.

66. What can be concluded from the passage？

［A］Scientists? discoveries always change people?s belief.

［B］There are too many secrets to be discovered.

［C］Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.

［D］“Deep sound channel” allows sound waves to travel undisturbed.

Part V Cloze （15 minutes）

Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation. Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70 .Most Americans are able to 71 cars. The average price of a 72made car was, 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up 73750 in 1975. During this period American ear manufacturers set about 74their products and work efficiency. Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars. For this reason, 77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a family?s total earnings today. In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average family?s 80 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 81 8.3 of a family?s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 82 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years. The84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy85the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item.

67. ［A］kinds ［B］means ［C］mean ［D］types

68. ［A］denied ［B］reproduced ［C］replaced ［D］ridiculed

69. ［A］hardly ［B］nearly ［C］certainly ［D］somehow

70. ［A］trip ［B］works ［C］business ［D］travel

71. ［A］buy ［B］sell ［C］race ［D］see

72. ［A］quickly ［B］regularly ［C］rapidly ［D］recently

73. ［A］on ［B］to ［C］in ［D］about

74. ［A］raising ［B］making ［C］reducing ［D］improving

75. ［A］unusual ［B］interested ［C］average ［D］big

76. ［A］slowest ［B］equal ［C］faster ［D］less

77. ［A］bringing ［B］obtaining ［C］having ［D］purchasing

78. ［A］part ［B］half ［C］number ［D］side

79. ［A］clearly ［B］proportionally ［C］obviously ［D］suddenly

80. ［A］income ［B］work ［C］plants ［D］debts

81. ［A］used ［B］spent ［C］cost ［D］needed

82. ［A］months ［B］dollar ［C］family ［D］year

83. ［A］famous ［B］quick ［C］superior ［D］inferior

84. ［A］running ［B］notice ［C］influence ［D］discussion

85. ［A］then ［B］so ［C］as ［D］which

86. ［A］starting ［B］leaving ［C］keeping ［D］repairing Part VI Translation （5 minutes）

Directions：Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. The chairman requested ________________________（所有书面资料都要储存在电脑硬盘上）.

88. ________________________ （如果我是你）,I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.

89. Do you mind ________________________（推迟这次会议到本季度末）？

90. ________________________（考虑到各种各样的因素）, our subjects should be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum.

91. ________________________（理完发之后）,Professor Smith went straightly to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.

2011年冬大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一答案

Part I Writing

City Problems

Nowsdays, millions of migrant workers flock into cities in search of jobs and better living. However, with the sharp rise in the urban population, many problems arise in the development of cities.

Firstly, cities become more and more crowded, putting much pressure upon transportation, housing, sanitation, education, employment and so on. City services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point. Secondly, a growing number of private cars emit a huge amount of carbon dioxide, leaving the air mercilessly polluted. What is more, the city is also threatened by an increase in crime. There is not a single day passing without the report of someone being robbed, kidnapped or even murdered.

Last but not least, city-dwellers are not only separated from the nature but also isolated from each other, even not knowing name of their next-door neighbor.

All these problems have harmed the attractiveness of the city. More people may seek to live in the suburbs if there isn?t any improvement.

Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）

1—7 Y Y N N Y Y NG 8.another meter 9.piped in from the river. 10.not yet clear Part III Listening Comprehension

11---15 DBBCB 16---20 BAAAB 21---25 CABDA 26---30 BCABA

31---35 DCBDA

36.programs 37.enrollments 38. offering 39. demand 40.professions

41. repair 42. increased 43.avoided

44.Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education.

45.Various courses are offered, among which foreign languages, computers and communication courses are popular.

46. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive.

Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）

47---51 N A F D C 52---56 G H I M J

57---61 C B D A B 62---66 B C D A C

Part V Cloze （15 minutes）

67---71 BCBAA 72---77 D B D C C 78---82 ABACA 83---86 BCBC

Part VI Translation

87. all the written materials be stored into the hard disk of computers

88. If I were you

89. postponing the conference to the end of this quarter

90. With various factors considered

91. After having his hair cut

大学英语四级考试真题及答案.doc

2016 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题及答案【篇一：2016 年12 月大学英语四级翻译作文题目及答案】翻译一：在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 as a symbol of good luck, longevity and happiness in chinese culture, the color of red can be seen everywhere during springfestive and other festive/ joyous occasions. cash is usually put in red envelopes as gifts for relatives and close/intimate friends. also, red is much-welcomed / fashionable in china because of its association with chinese revolutions and the communist party. however, red does not always represent / equal to good luck and joy. red was previously used to write the names of the deceased so it is seen as an offence to write chinese people ’s names in red ink. 翻译二随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。 with the reform and opening-up of china, a great many young people nowadays prefer to hold western-style wedding: the bride wears white wedding gown because the color is considered to symbolize purity/is considered as the symbol of purity. however, in tradition chinese culture, white is often used on funerals. so, do bear in mind that white flowers should never be used as a gift to celebrate someone ’s recovery, especially not for the aged or those who are seriously ill.

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

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大学英语四级考试真题第三套 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

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2007年6月大学英语四级考试A卷试题以及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。标题：Welcome to our club 书写提纲： 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Welcome to English club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills. You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, you active participation is helpful to strengthen the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers. You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@https://www.doczj.com/doc/9112948740.html,. The deadline for entries is Sept.25th. Come on, join us now! 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; Y(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10. complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750.000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And thai number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and

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