1.（美国大兵的一句粗话）I’m up to my neck in your bullshit.你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了。
2. Louisa (a peasant girl): As you have come to my house, I feel greatly honored.
原译：路易莎（一位农家姑娘）：光临寒舍，蓬荜生辉！
改译：路易莎（一位农家姑娘）：您到俺家来，真是贵客临门。
3. To the world you are someone, to someone you .are the world.天地之间，尔乃某人，某人心中，尔乃天地。
4. His father passed away at an advanced age of ninety last week. 他那九十高龄的父亲上周去世了。
5.The soil had been stripped off and blown away, so the tree roots were left naked; the tree bowed their limbs to the ground in embarrassment, like humans whose bottoms were exposed.
土壤已全部脱落，被风吹走了。树根裸露在外；树木就像光着屁股的人一样，难为情地把树枝弯向地面。
6. Man for the field and woman for the hearth; Man for the sword and she for the needle. Man with the head and
woman with the heart; Man to command and woman to obey.
男人耕作主外，女人持家在内；男人征战沙场，女人缝补家中；男人富有理智，女人富有感情；男人发号施令, 女人惟命是从。
7.这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。
What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
8.天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide;Over grass that the wind has battered low;Sheep and oxen roam.
9.寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。
(译文1）Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!
（译文2）I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, so lonely, without cheer.
10.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
11. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”
Confucius said:“He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”
12. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things,
to make inventions and to make revolution.”
13. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。They have done much more for the state than we have.
14. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 15.We’d appreciate it if you could airmail us the relative literatures as soon as possible.
贵方如能尽快将相关资料航空邮寄给我方，将不胜感激。
16.The speed of an aeroplane is, to some degree, associated with the shape of its body and wings.
在某种程度上，飞机的速度与身体及翅膀的形状有关。
17.Aggression took many forms: the unilateral denunciation of treaties and international commitments, interference in the internal affairs of other states, the use of threats against weaker neighbors, the imposition of unequal relationships, outright armed attack against the territories of other states and their dismemberment, the subjugation of colonial people and the denial of the right of self-determination and fundamental human rights.
侵略有多种形式：单方面废除条约与国际义务，干涉别国内政，对弱小邻国进行威胁，强迫实行不平等关系，赤裸裸地武装进攻别国领土和肢解别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权和基本人权等。
18. 经常接触某人或某物往往会使人喜欢上那个人或事物，而不是越来越瞧不起他们。
Frequent exposure to something or someone will usually cause liking rather than contempt.
19.一个女人只要不是明显的驼背，机会一到，就可以想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。
20. From nuclear safety to food additives, we are bombarded with often contradictory and confusing information about risks. 从核安全到食品添加剂等自相矛盾又令人困惑的危险信息纷至沓来。
21.她本来还想再要一个孩子，但现在从医学角度来看，已经是不能的了。
The second child she dreamed of might now be medically impossible.
22.本地区严禁砍伐松林。No one is allowed to clear-cut the pine forest in this region. /Pine tree felling is prohibited here!
23.不入虎穴，焉得虎子？If one does not enter the tiger's den, how can he get a tiger’s cub?
24.Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today. 今日事，今日毕。
25.The business of a business is business.在商言商。
26.The metal was cooled in the air, having been heated to a definite temperature in the furnace.
这种金属先在炉内加热到一定温度，而后置于空气中冷却。
27.一旦机器出现故障，就把电门关上。Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
28.像她那么漂亮的姑娘竟爱上了这么一个丑八怪，真有意思!
It is funny that a beautiful girl like her should fall in love with such an ugly man.
29.That famous scientist is getting married again. The bride is only 24, while the scientist is already 70. That’s really another May-to-December marriage.
那位著名科学家又要结婚了。新娘才24岁，而那位科学家却已经70岁了。真是五月配十二月的婚姻。
30.They were all hot-headed types. They bugged and bugged and bugged each other and half an hour later they were playing cards, calmly and jollily as if nothing had happened.
他们都是那种火爆性子，先是没完没了地你刺激我，我刺激你，半个小时之后却又心平气和、谈笑风生地打起扑克来了，什么事都没了。
31.In my favorite photo we are on the step of our new home, wearing red baseball caps and toothy smiles.
在我最喜欢的那张照片里，我们站在新居的台阶上，头戴红色棒球帽，一个个露齿而笑。
32. By changing daily food and randomly selecting clothes, we avoid establishing a pattern of life.
原译：通过改变每天的食品和随意挑选衣服，我们避免了形成一个固定的生活模式。
改译：欲避免一成不变的生活模式，可改变每天的饮食，随意选择不同的服装。
33.已经拟定了一份新的课程纲要。A new syllabus has been drawn up.
34As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.
我们就住在路边。过路人或外乡人常到我们家，尝尝我们家酿的酸果酒。这种酒有点名气，我敢说，尝过的从未挑剔过。我这话像历史学家的话一样靠得住。
35.The sea thundered on, over and past, and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight.
译文1：海浪狂啸滚来，如泰山压顶一般，又狂吼着滚远，巨浪过处，一片狼藉。
译文2：狂澜霹雳，隆隆滚远。汹涌波涛，呼啸喧闹了一阵后，一片惨状，顿现眼前。
36.If Main Street didn’t understand this, Wall Street did.
原译：如果大街不理解，墙街则应该理解。
改译：这一点，一般人不理解，华尔街的那些大老板们确是心知肚明。
37.The property he left was the apple of discord among his four daughters.
原译：他遗留下来的财产是他四个女儿争夺的苹果。
改译：他的遗产让他四个女儿反目成仇。
38. 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。
A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.
39一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started to applaud.
40 这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们作生意，以至建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.
41.这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。
This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
42. 当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带了黛玉去见两个母舅。
Now the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles.
43.林如海已葬入祖坟了，诸事停妥，贾琏方进京的。
Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital.
44.Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole.
A. 往往一天辛苦工作结束时，一个人会灰心地意识到他所完成的少量的一堆工作对整个工作产生无限小的影响。
B. 往往一天辛苦工作下来，发现所成之事微不足道，仅仅是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不令人沮丧。
45 Elmer Gantry was drunk. He was eloquently drunk, lovingly and pugnaciously(好斗, 爱吵架) drunk.
A. 埃尔默·甘特利喝醉了，醉得一塌糊涂，醉得活泼可爱，十分好斗。
B. 埃尔默·甘特利喝醉了，醉得胡话连篇，洋相百出，动不动还找人吵架。
46.He walked round in a circle, taking tiny, nervous steps. An expressionless smile, frozen on his face, revealed a cemetery of rotten teeth.
A. 他在那儿绕着圈子走，脚步又小又紧张。毫无表情的微笑凝固在脸上，露出他那墓地一样的烂牙。
B. 他脚步迟疑，一点一点往前挪动，绕着原地兜圈子。木然的笑容挂在脸上，露出满嘴乱坟般残缺的烂牙。
47.He is a jovial giant, with a huge appetite for food, drink and women.
他是个快乐的大块头，贪吃贪杯又好色。.
48.The snow covers the ground. 大雪覆盖大地。
49.49The snow clothes the ground. 大地银装素裹。
50.带有小孩的成人，切记管好身边的孩子。Take to have the kid of the person, slice record the tube good nearby of child, do not let that the child takes a stroll at will, an occurrence accident. 比较：Take good care of your children when you take them aboard the boat.
51.When you are a child of the mountains yourself, you really belong to them. You need them.
A. 当你本身是山里的孩子，你真的就属于它。你需要大山。
B. 你要是在山里长大的，你就会对山有感情，离不开它。
C.只要你是山里长大的孩子，你就会心系大山，永远离不开它。
52.The conclusion we reached is that change simply(完全地) can not sensibly be put off.
A.我们得出的结论是，改革完全不能明显地推迟。
B. 我们得出的结论是，很明显，改革绝对不可延误。
C. 我们得出的结论是，很明显，改革势在必行。
53. Well, I don’t mind telling you my secret. I’m part of a noble family. I’ve just found out this afternoon, and I’m in all the history books.
A. 好吧，不妨告诉你我的秘密。我是贵族家庭的一员，今天下午我才发现。我在所有的历史书里。
B. 好吧，不妨告诉你我的秘密。我可出身名门，这一点今天下午我才发现。在所有族谱里都有我的记载。
54.He had been faithful to the 14-year-old Vicar’s daughter whom he had worshipped on her knees but had never led to the Altar(圣坛).
A. 他一直忠于十四岁的牧师女儿，他曾拜倒在她的膝下，但始终没有将她带入圣坛。
B. 他一直忠于十四岁的牧师女儿，他曾拜倒在她的石榴裙下，但始终都未能与她成婚。
C. 他一直忠于那十四岁的牧师女儿，他曾拜倒在她的石榴裙下，却始终未能一同步入婚礼的殿堂。GOOD
55.It (Beauty) restores our faith in the generosity of nature. By giving us a taste of the kinship between our own small minds and the great Mind of the cosmos, beauty reassures us that we’re exactly and wonderfully made for life on this glorious planet, in this magnificent universe.
A. 美恢复了人类对大自然慷慨富有的信念，通过对我们的小心灵和宇宙大心灵之间的体味，美让我们确信，如此精确而完美绝伦的人类，刚好就是为这辉煌星球和宏大宇宙的生活而塑造的。（直译）
B. 美使我们恢复了对大自然慷慨的信念，通过体味人类的小智慧和宇宙的大智慧的亲缘关系，美使我们确信，人就是为了在这辉煌宏大的宇宙中，如此荣耀的星球上生存而造出来，那么正好，那么奇妙。GOOD
C. 美恢复了人类对大自然慷慨富有的信念，唤起了渺小人类与浩瀚宇宙心灵间的亲缘感应。美使我们深信，如此妙绝天成的人类，原本就是为这煌煌星球、泱泱宇宙应运而生的。√
56.高交会已成为中国高新技术领域对外开放的重要窗口之一，成为广大海内外客商展示实力、获取信息、加强交流、寻求合作的重要舞台。
The CHTF has become an important meeting ground for international high-tech organizations to display their products and services, exchange information, and provide support to business people both at home and abroad.
57.文化搭台，经贸唱戏。
a. Cultural events set the stage; trade activities play the title role.
b. Cultural events pave the way for trade activities.
58.这条步行街拥有近十个主题商业平台，将集餐饮、娱乐、旅游观光、休闲、购物于一体。
About 10 business centers will be formed on the Pedestrian Street for catering, entertainment, tour, leisure and shopping.
59.通过政府网站，建立一个及时、高效的信息平台，为外商提供经商投资ABC、产业指导目录、法律法规等。Through the government network, we will build an efficient information platform to guide foreign investors, as well as provide information on relevant laws and regulations.
60For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
61.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
62.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。
63.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being combined with other elements，most commonly with oxygen，for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结合；因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，由于这个原因，在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
64.It therefore becomes more and more important that，if students are not to waste their opportunities，there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
65.The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.
A.没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4.
66.Television，it is often said，keeps one informed about current events，allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics，and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
67. All they have to do is press a button，and they can see plays，films，operas，and shows of every kind，not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. 他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
68.People were afraid to leave their houses，for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency，they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
69.Modern scientific and technical books，especially textbooks，requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas，observations and discoveries.
对于现代书籍，特别是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话，那么就应该每隔较短的时间，将书中的内容重新修改。
70.The electronic devices are used in computers as switches that simply turn on and off.
1、这些电子器械在计算机中起着开关的作用，只是为了打开和关掉。
2、这些电子器械在计算机中起着开关的作用，只是开开关关而已。
71.Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.
1、欢迎他的只有轻微的、分散的、三心二意的掌声。
2、欢迎他的只有轻轻的、零零落落的、半心半意的掌声。
71.One of my friends is lucky enough to be housed in a building constructed in the age of Henry VIII. Almost every other day, groups of tourists will congregate outside his window, peering in curiously, as if he were part of the history.
1、有一位朋友有幸住在一幢亨利八世时代的古老建筑里，隔三差五窗外就有一批指指点点的游客，把他当成古董一并参观了。
2、有一位朋友有幸住在一幢亨利八世时代的古老建筑里，隔三差五，窗外就驻足成批游客，指指点点，把他，连同这古屋，一并当古董参观了。
73.In the doorway, lay at least 12 umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
1、在门口至少放着尺寸不同、颜色各异的12把伞。
2、门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有12把，五颜六色，大小不一。
74.Any person not putting litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of $5.
1、任何不把凌乱的东西放入这个筐内而任意乱扔的人将处以罚款5美元。
2、垃圾不入篮，罚款5美元。
75.Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.
1、以前，假如我对一本书真的有了兴趣，我就会一页一页往下赶，迫切地想知道接下去发生了什么。现在，我决定我对词汇应该变得像小气鬼一样，并且拉长每一句句子，就像一个穷人花费他的最后一美元一样。
2、以前，假如我对一本书真的有了兴趣，就会一页一页的往下赶，迫切地想知道接下去发生了什么。现在，我决定对词汇要像守财奴那样，不轻易放过，也要像穷人过日子，把每个句子，当作身边的最后一块钱，省吃俭用，慢慢花费”。
76.Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room. 1、疾病带给她一种奇怪的烦乱不宁，使她更加迫切地抓住人生，从中挤出最后一滴幸福。疾病还使她羡慕健康，可是，也同样使她看见一片被风吹进房间的树叶而感伤。2、这种病使她特别敏感不安，她越发急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后的一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康，也使她多愁善
77.A thousand moustaches can live together, but not four breasts.千条汉子能相处，两个婆娘却不行。
78.The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt.
1、考古学家们的工作让我们了解整个古埃及的情况。
2、考古学家手中的魔铲为我们重现了古埃及失落的世界。
79.My Heyne’s Tibullus was grasped at such a moment. It lay on the stall of the old bookshop in Goodge Street ---- a stall where now and then one found an excellent thing among quantities of rubbish.
1、我的那本海涅编写的《狄巴拉斯诗选》就是在这样的情况下得到手的。它躺在古畿大街一家旧书屋的书摊上，你在这个书店可以时不时地在大量的垃圾货中找到绝妙的东西。
2、我的那本海涅编写的《狄巴拉斯诗选》就是在这样的情况下得到手的。它躺在古畿大街一家旧书屋的书摊上，这家书屋是一个可以沙里淘金的去处。
80.They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.
1、他们清楚地知道可爱和假装可爱，愚蠢和大智若愚，知识渊博和假装博学间是有区别的。
2、他们明白，爱与装爱、傻与装傻、博学和装博学之间的区别。
81.Aside from damaging the island's international image, Liao said the skimpily clad women caused car accidents and spurred juvenile crime. He said they attracted the attention of teenagers who got into fights, even though sex isn't generally on offer.
1、除了有损此岛的国际形象之外，廖说，这些穿“三点式”服装的女子常诱发小轿车的交通事故，导致少年犯罪。他说，这些女子对十几岁的青少年颇具诱惑力，而常引起斗殴，即使这些女子通常不出卖其肉体。
2、除了有损此岛的国际形象之外，廖说，这些穿着暴露的女子常诱发交通事故，他说，这些女子对十几岁的青少年颇具诱惑力，而常引起斗殴，即使这些女子通常不从事色情交易。
82.If my mother had known of it, she'd have died a second time.
1、如果我母亲知道这事，她一定会气得死第二次的。
2、假如我的母亲知道这件事情，她一定会气得从棺材里面跳出来”。
83.Austria is wedged(楔入) between seven other countries. Liechtenstein(列支敦士敦), Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany are to the west. Czechoslovakia is to the north. Hungary is to the east. To the south are Italy and Yugoslavia. 奥地利周边与七国相邻：西濒列支敦士敦、瑞士、德意志联邦共和国，北邻捷克斯洛伐克，东连匈牙利，南接意大利和南斯拉夫。
84.Tiny islands, with hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand on them, are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace. .座座岛屿玲珑小巧，紧密相连，象一串珍珠缀成的项链，环绕着半岛边缘。岛上珊瑚礁红，椰树成片，沙滩如银，景色如诗如画。
专八
The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan’s resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential polities as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Further more, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America---a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.
谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这都是些跟随里根多年身经百战的政坛宿将，与共和党的渊源更为深远，他们比国内任何一个人都深谙总统政治。竞选的背景也十分有利，大有文章可做的好消息比比皆是：美国正值太平盛世，作为竞选关键因素的国内经济，在长期衰退后正强劲反弹。还有，竞选经费也十分充裕，足够雇用一流的竞选班子和支付全国巡回演说与电视宣传的一切费用。而更为重要的是，他们的候选人是里根，一位名声显赫而又长于
景：美国将重振军事雄风，倡导个人首创精神以及精简联邦政府。
Kurt Frosheiser watched the invasion of Iraq on TV, looking, according to his sister, more serious than she had ever seen him. He had an option to get out of serving, but he left home on April 16th for basic training at Fort Knox, Kentucky.) In June, the family drove down to see him on Family Day, and Chris (the father) was stunned by the transformation: His son stood at perfect attention on Pershing Field for forty-five minutes in his dress uniform. It was the same in August, when they attended graduation: Private Frosheiser, marching, singing with his classmates, “Pick up your wounded, pick up your dead.”Chris found the words chilling, but the music, the sharpness of the formation, the bearing of his son, filled him with pride.
六月，全家在“家庭节”那天驾车去看他，克莱司被他儿子的转变完全惊呆了：他儿子一身戎装，肃然而立，在操场上一站就是45分钟。而八月出席他儿子的毕业典礼时，情景依旧：列兵Frosheiser，正与同班同学列队行进，阔步高歌：(抬走伤员，搬开尸体)。尽管歌词令克莱司不寒而栗，但那军乐，那齐整的方阵，以及他儿子的军人风度，却让他自豪不已。
Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game, the assure responsibility for their own lives.
让自己成为想象中的那种人，这不是成功者一生所追寻的目标，相反，他们活得自由自在。因此，他们不会耗费精力在人前演戏，也不会装腔作势，更不会操纵他人。他们明白真心关爱与虚情假意、真傻与装傻、真才实学与佯装有才学之间的区别，他们不需要带假面具。成功者不怕独立思考，也不怕运用自己的知识。他们能把事实与观点区分开来，也不装做无所不知。他们倾听别人的意见，评价别人的观点，但却有自己的结论。尽管他们也崇拜他人，但决不为别人所限制、所束缚、所吓倒。成功者不会现出无助的样子，也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们对自己的生活负责。
成功者不会刻意追求那种想象中的自我良好形象，相反，他们会保持真我的本色。正因为此，他们不愿在人前做秀，装腔作势，也不想摆布别人。他们明了真爱与假意、真傻与装傻、真学问与假学问之间的区别，他们无需面具掩藏真我。成功者勇于独立思考，也敢于展示才华。他们能区分客观事实与主观意愿的不同，从不装出无所不知的样子。他们听取别人意见，能权衡斟酌，然而却有自己的结论。尽管他们也崇拜他人，但决不受其左右、为之倾倒而丧失自我。成功者不会摆出无助的样子，也决不会怨天尤人。相反，他们对自己的生活尽职尽责。
The most sensible people to be met with in society are men of business and of the world, who argue from what they see and know, instead of spinning (缠绕于) cobwet(蛛网般) distinctions of what things ought to be. Women have often more of what is called good sense than men. They have fewer pretensions; they are less implicated in theories, and judge of objects more from their immediate and involuntary(本能的) impression on the mind, and, therefore, more truly and naturally. They cannot reason wrong, for they do not reason at all. They do not think or speak by rule, and they have in general more eloquence and wit as well as sense, on that account. By their wit, sense, and eloquence together, they generally contrive(设计, 图谋) to govern their husbands. Their style, when they write to their friends, is better than that of most authors. Uneducated people have most exuberance of invention。
商人和见过世面的人是我们在社会上见到的最通达事理的人。他们讨论问题时从自己的所见所闻出发，而不纠缠于事物的是非曲直。和男人相比，女人通常有更好的所谓直觉。她们很少自命不凡；她们也不大深究理论，她们判断事物更多地是从头脑中下意识的第一印象出发，因此她们的判断也就更真实和自然。她们不可能有推理错误，因为她们根本就不推理。她们思考或讲话时也不遵循什么规则；正因为如此，她们一般更善辩，更机智，直觉更好。集机智、善辩与出色的直觉于一身，她们通常都有办法支配自己的丈夫。在写给朋友的书信中，她们的文笔
近代的上海，十里洋场。自开埠以来，固然有许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史，固然有许多污泥浊水，这里被成为是“冒险家的乐园”，这里有鸦片，有荡妇有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷，乃至使人堕落。可是，上海这座现代大城市却更有它的另一面，它有活力、它聪慧、革新、进取，它敢于担风险，有竞争意识及机制，这种城市意识或风格，使人奋发，跟上时代，走向进步。
Shanghai in modern times was a metropolis infested with adventurers. After the port city opened to foreigners, it undeniably witnessed a history of blood and tears, bitterness and inequality. There was also, undoubtedly, filth and mire.It was known as the “Paradise of Adventurers”.There were opium takers, harlots(娼妓) and gamesters(赌棍). All these induced people to wallow (纵乐) in luxury and even degeneracy(堕落). There was, however, another facet to modern Shanghai. It was vigorous, intelligent, creative and enterprising. Not afraid of running risks, it had the awareness and mechanism of competition.The city, with an awareness of competition and a style of its own, inspired its people to catch up with the times and make progress.
Shanghai in modern times was a metropolis crowded with foreign adventurers. After the port city opened up, it witnessed a history of blood and tears filled with bitterness, inequality, filth and mire, well-known as the “Paradise of Adventurers”infested with rampant opium, harlots and gamesters, which induced people to a luxury and dissipation life (纸醉金迷)，and even to degeneracy.// There was, however, another facet to modern Shanghai noted for its vigor, intelligence, creations and enterprise with a spirit ready for running risks, which formed an awareness of its own and the mechanism of competition. // The city, with this awareness or style, inspired its people to keep up with the times and make progress.
近代的上海曾是一个十里洋场。//自开埠以来，历经了充满辛酸、充满污秽和不平等的血泪史，以充斥着鸦片、荡妇、赌棍的“冒险家乐园”而著称，使人纸醉金迷，乃至堕落。//但上海又以其活力、聪慧、革新、进取，敢于担风险而展示出它的另一面，形成其特有的竞争意识和机制。//带着这种城市意识或风格，这座城市使人奋发，使人跟上时代，使人走向进步。
得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感到打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里悄悄地掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华。自己的哥姐、堂表兄弟，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一瞬间，一阵被人摈弃、为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
Spoiled rotten by my parents, I had been behaving like a real tyrant in the family before I fell sick. I felt like being thrown into a cold palace the minute when segregated and confined into a small house on the hillside in our garden. I was depressed and frustrated. On a spring evening when all the flowers were blooming, my parents gave a banquet in the garden and in no time, the garden was crowded with guests, and the air was floated with laughter. Unnoticed by others, I lifted the curtain and peeped from my small room at the hustling kaleidoscope down in the garden. My older brothers and sisters, as well as my cousins, were shuttling joyfully back and forth among the guests. I was overwhelmed by a bitter sense of being abandoned and forgotten by people and just couldn’t help but cried my eyes out.
Before I fell ill, I could have my way at home, since my parents doted(溺爱) on me a lot. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. For a time, guests gathered there, chatting and laughing. Quietly lifting the curtain of the chamber, I caught a glimpse of the hustling and exciting scene in the garden. I saw my brothers, sisters and cousins were all there, full of joy. All of a sudden, I was caught by the feeling of being abandoned. With grief and indignation welling up inside me, I couldn’t help crying bitterly.
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小，因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多，况中国古代素来以不滞于物、不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正平和、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。
From the ancient times (Since time immemorial) the Chinese people have never viewed the human beings as superior in
thestatus quite appropriately in proportion to other things on earth, rather than an absolute ruler in the world. Therefore, what we’ve suffered is much less and smaller compared with the westerners, for the depressions vary with the different desires and the ambitions the people have. People in the agricultural society have much less enjoyment than those in the industrial society, thus their desire much less. What’s more, in ancient China, Chinese people always took the concept/ notion of “Never addict oneself as a slave to material wealth”mainly as their philosophy in life.
The Chinese nation has never believed in human supremacy. And the nation finds full expression in the philosophy, literature and art that human coexist with other species in nature with a proportionally proper rather than an absolutely dominant position. Therefore we generally suffer less depression than Westerners, as the degree of the suffering varies with that of our desire and ambition. People in the agricultural society have much less enjoyment than those in the industrial society, and hence less desire. Moreover, the main Chinese ancient philosophy of life is always to be free from the encumbrance(阻碍) or enslavement of the outside world. [Certainly there are among us misers and careerists depicted by Moliere and Balzac. In comparison with Westerners, the Chinese people, easier to be satisfied, are mostly unbiased(无偏见), peaceful, unworldly and guileless(厚道) .
大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等.所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着.尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一致以不变的方式生活着.种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日岛广场拉琴,跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园.这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗夜酒衍传了下来.
The bounty of Nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, playing the violin, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.
古代的长安
唐长安城包括今西安城区和近郊区，面积相当于现在西安城的七倍半，城周有三十六点七公里，城内居住着约一百万人口。
The Chang’an city of the TD consisted of the city proper and outskirts of today’s Xi’an. It was seven and a half times as large as Xi’an. The city was 36.7 kilometers in circumference with a population of one million.
唐长安城共分为三部分。最北的宫城是皇帝和皇室居住和处理朝政的地方。
The city was divided into three parts. In the north was the Palace City where the emperor lived with his family and held court.
宫城南面的皇城，是封建政府的所在地。宫城和皇城的东、南、西三面被外廓城拱围着。
To the south was the Royal City where the feudal government offices were situated. East, west and south of the Palace City and the Royal City was the Outer City, which was the citizens’residential quarters and the commercial centres.
外廓城是居民的住宅区和商业区，它由南北十一条街和东西十四条街划分为一百零八坊和东市、西市两个商业区。长安城布局状如棋盘。
The Outer City was divided into one hundred and eight squares and two commercial centres named the East Market and the West Market by eleven streets running from north to south and fourteen streets from east to west…The whole layout was like a chessboard.
长安城内街道宽广笔直，主要大街宽度都在一百米以上，宫门前的一条东西向的大街，足有二百二十米之宽。The streets in the city were straight and wide. The avenues were over 100 metres in width. The one outside the palace, running from east to west, was a good 220 metres.
道路两旁种有青槐和榆树，并有相当完整的排水系统。
All the streets are lined with ash and elm trees and were equipped with a sewerage system.
离车库还有三四米，车库门就像认识主人似的自动掀起。
when it (the car ) was three or four meters away from the garage, its door automatically opened as if it recognized its own master.
Our arguments were often brought before our father, and I guess I was either generally in the right, or else a better debater, because the judgment was usually in my favor.
[1] 我们往往要争吵到父亲那儿去，我想若不是我占理，那就是我嘴更硬，因为父亲评起理来通常是偏向我的。
[2] 我们之间的争吵最后常常要父亲决断，我想要么是我在理，要么就是我能说善辩，反正父亲评起来往往是我在理。
We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children “belonging”to their parents. But nobody is “belonging”to anyone else.
[1] 我们往往待人如物。我们甚至说孩子“属于”父母。但是谁也不“属于”谁。
[2] 我们总是把人看作是货物，甚至会说孩子是“父母的”。可是，没有谁是“哪个人的”。
Sometimes an innocent person who is involved in an accident is crippled for life and the person who caused the accident might not have the money to pay him for years –but the insurance company does.
有时事故中的无辜受害者终身残废，而肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿，可是保险公司却赔得起。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长, 而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力, 这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。
Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers to service global customers, market access in China may add up to nothing if the country's graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.
[1] 然而，印度信息技术企业在中国设立地区中心以期为全球客户提供服务时却发现，如果中国软件专业的应届本科毕业生和研究生英语水平不高的话，这些企业进军中国市场的举动可能会毫无意义。GOOD
[2] 然而，印度信息技术企业发现，在中国设立地区中心以期为全球客户提供服务时，进军中国市场的举动可能会毫无意义，要是中国软件专业的应届本科和研究生毕业生英语水平不高的话。
：……烧山芋和热茶的香味，便一下子扑入你的鼻子。抬头看，四周闪着微笑的眼睛，欢迎着，丝毫没有怪你唐突的神情。你刚开口说由哪儿来的时候，一杯很热的浓茶，就递在你的下巴边上。老太婆吩咐她的孙女，快把火拨大些，多添点子柴，说是客人要烘暖他的身子；你暖和了，还不觉得疲倦的话，你可以摸摸小孩子的下巴，拧拧他们的脸蛋，做一点奇怪的样子，给他们嬉笑。
Immediately your nose is filled with the aroma of hot tea and roast sweet potatoes. When you look around you see friendly faces smiling at you; there is no hint of anything like blame for what elsewhere might be considered as brusqueness. Scarcely have you begun to tell them where you come from when a cup of hot and strong tea is handed over to you. Grandma will tell her granddaughter to make the fire bigger and feed it with more wood because the guest needs more heat to warm up. When you are recovered from coldness and fatigue, you may play with children, stroking them on the chin, giving them gentle pinches on the cheek or making a face to provoke them to gurgle.
Phoebe Anna was thin and black，a very umbrella of a woman.
[原译] 安娜是一个又黑又瘦的女人，上身粗大，下身细长，简直像一把雨伞。
[改译] 安娜是一个又黑又瘦的女人，活像一把细长的雨伞。
awakens in the middle of the night. Most expert advice suggests this is shortsighted.
[原译] 有些父母亲，一刻也不愿意看到婴儿哭哭啼啼，除非婴儿自己睡着了或半夜里醒来。大多数专家的意见表明这是一种目光短浅的做法。
[改译] 有些家长根本无法忍受婴儿自己学会入睡之前的啼哭，或是半夜里婴儿醒来时的啼哭。大多数专家的意见表明这是一种短见。
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was a stern challenge. Consider these factors：a 1.5 million action movie that was to be a poignant, tragic romance. Fight choreographer, Yuen Wo-ping (of international acclaim for The Matrix), was bound to tangle with soft-spoken, but stubborn, Lee. A top-flight pan-Asian cast featuring Chow Yun Fat (Hong Kong), Michelle Yeoh (Malaysia), Zhang Ziyi (Beijing) and Chang Chen (Taiwan), with only 19-year-old ingénue, Zhang, speaking the classical mainland Mandarin that Lee demanded.
[原译]拍摄《卧虎藏龙》是一个严峻的挑战。想一想以下这些因素：这部耗资150万美元的武打片定位于拍成一部深刻而带有悲伤色彩的浪漫剧。由于《黑客帝国》而享誉国际影视界的武术指导袁和平注定要和那位说话声音柔和但生性执拗的李安打得不可开交。这支由一流的泛亚明星组成的班子里，可谓群星璀璨，有来自香港的周润发、马来西亚的杨紫琼、北京的章子怡以及台湾的张震。年仅19岁的章子怡操着一口标准的大陆普通话，而这正是李安需要的。
[改译]拍摄《卧虎藏龙》是一个严峻的挑战。想一想以下这些因素：这是一部耗资150万美元的武打大片，却定位于拍成一部深刻而带有悲伤色彩的浪漫剧。由于《黑客帝国》而享誉国际影视界的武术指导袁和平碰上了言辞温和但生性执拗的李安，两人注定要打得不可开交。一流的泛亚明星阵容由来自不同国家和地区的演员组成：香港的周润发、马来西亚的杨紫琼、北京的章子怡、台湾的张震。其中年轻的章子怡年仅19岁，只有她一个人能说一口标准的大陆普通话，而这正是李安需要的。
Discipline means choices. Every time you say yes to a goal or objective, you say no to many more. Every prize has its price. The prize is the yes; the price is the no.
[原译] 纪律就是说它有选择性，每当你肯定一个目标或对象的时候，你同时也否定了更多的目标。每种奖励都有它的代价，肯定的是奖励，否定的是代价。
[改译] 自律意味着有取有舍。每当你选取了一个目标，也就同时舍弃了其他许多目标。每项收获都要付出代价，所选取的就是收获，所舍弃的就是代价。
Where there is willingness and intelligence, there is a place within the company to try and to succeed. In Japan, a person’s capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. And we feel the company owes a worker something for loyalty and commitment.
[原译] 只要有抱负和才智，在公司内部就有施展抱负和取得成功的地方。在日本，并不应把一个人的能力限制在一个固定的专业上。我们只感到公司对他的忠诚和献身欠了恩情。
[改译] 在日本，公司不会把一个人的能力限制在一个固定的专业上，只要有抱负和才智，就一定会在公司内部找到施展抱负和取得成功的地方。因为我们感到，公司应该对员工的忠诚和奉献做出回报。
Human beings are capable of acting from purely unselfish motives: we can be genuinely sorry for others and try to share in their troubles in an effort to offer comfort. It is unlike that a chimpanzee acts from feelings quite like these; I doubt whether even members of one family, united as they are by strong mutual affection, are ever motivated by pure altruism in their dealing with one another.
[原译] 人类的安抚行为可能毫无私心，我们可能真正为某人难过，而想努力给予安慰并与他分忧。而黑猩猩的安抚行为不可能处于这种感情。虽然他们有强烈的相互感情联系，但我怀疑，他们同一个家庭的成员们，在他们相处时，是否总是受到利他主义的激发。
[改译] 在发出安慰行为时，人类的动机可以是毫不利己的：我们努力地安慰别人，是因为我们真心地为他们感到难过，希望与他们分忧。而黑猩猩的安慰行为不可能处于这种感受。我认为，即使是在感情联系十分强烈的家庭成员之间，纯粹利他的行为动机也是不存在的。
Many people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society.
[原译] 在工业部门和部队服役的许多人对噪音都有实际的体会，他们认为对于噪音问题进行任何研究均是浪费时间，他们甚至不愿意承认噪音对人体有影响。另一方面，那些不喜欢噪音的人有时会用很不适当的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。
[改译] 在工业部门和部队服役的许多人对噪音都有切身的体会，然而这些人认为对于噪音问题的研究纯属浪费时间，他们甚至不愿意承认噪音对人体有任何影响。另一方面，那些不喜欢噪音的人在要求安静的社会环境时，使用的证据却极不恰当。
In Dubai, it is unusual to find a family that keeps animals, whereas back home we never thought twice before adopting a cat or dog. It’s not just that laws are strict here, but people in general appear to have little time and inclination towards pets-keeping. I cannot imagine how a child can grow without knowing the joy of having a dog to cuddle.
我的国家，人们总是毫不犹豫地收养无家可归的猫狗们。可是在迪拜，你却很难发现养宠物的家庭。原因不仅仅是相关法律较为严格，更重要的是，这里的人对养宠物既没有时间也没有兴趣。我很难想象在孩子的成长过程中，怎么能缺少和小狗一起嬉戏的乐趣。
1911年，在一个小县城里边，我生在一个小地主的家里。那县城差不多就是中国的最东北部——黑龙江省——所以一年之中，倒有四个月飘着白雪。
In the year of 1911, I was born into a petty landlord family in a small county town in Heilongjiang –China’s northeast most province where there was snow for at least four months of the year.
面对复杂多变的国际形势，突如其来的非典型肺炎疫情和频繁发生的自然灾害，在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国人民一道，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神，迎难而上，顽强拼搏，奋力开拓创新，在全面建设小康社会的道路上迈出重要步伐。——温家宝总理在第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上的政府工作报告
In the face of a complex and volatile international situation, the unexpected outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and frequent natural disasters, governments at all levels and the people of all our ethnic groups put into practice the guiding principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents. We braved difficulties and hardships in an indomitable and innovative spirit and made important advances in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
在一个春节前一天的下午，到重庆郊外去看一位朋友。她住在那个乡村的乡公所楼上。走上一段阴暗的仄仄的楼梯，进到一间有一张方桌和几张竹凳、墙上装着一架电话的屋子，再进去就是我的朋友的房间，和外间只隔一幅布帘。她不在家，窗前桌上留着一张条子，说是她临时有事出去，叫我等着她。
On the afternoon before Chinese New Year’s Day I went to visit a friend in the suburbs of Chongqing. She lived on the top floor of the village building. A flight of dark, narrow stairs led to a room where a table and several bamboo stools stood and a telephone hung on the wall. Beyond this room, separated by a mere cloth curtain, was the room where my friend lived. She had gone out, leaving a note on the desk by the window saying that she had been called away unexpectedly and wanted me to wait for her to come back.
在四川西部，有一美妙去处。它背依岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺。它就是松潘县的黄龙。
One of Sichuan’s finest spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountain. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.
A green caterpillar was slowly crawling out from under the lettuce. It was huge, fat, and apparently well-fed. It paused in its travels to survey the scene. Purple with fury, Henry could barely find his voice.
[1] 一条绿色蠕虫正慢慢地从生菜下面爬出来，很大，很肥，显然吃得很好。它在旅途中停下来以观察周围的环境，亨利气得脸色发紫，话都差点说不出来。
[2] 一条绿虫子正慢吞吞地从生菜底下爬出来。那虫子又大又肥，显然吃得很好，在途中还停下来审视周围的环境。亨利此时气得脸色发青，话都差点说不出来了。
A man is sometimes more generous when he has but a little money than when he has plenty, perhaps through fear of being thought to have but little.
[1] 人有时囊中羞涩反而比腰缠万贯时显得大方，或许是怕人家笑话自己没钱吧。
[2] 人有的时候钱少了反倒比钱多了大方，也许是怕人嫌贫吧。
I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career.
[1] 我从未见到过比梅休更有意思的人了。他是底特律的一名律师，为人能干，事业上也很成功。35岁就门庭若市，收入可观，累累胜诉，声名昭著，前程似锦。
[2] 我从未见过比梅休更有意思的人了。梅休是底特律的一名律师，他精明能干，事业有成，35岁时就拥有一份收入不菲的工作。如今累累胜诉的他真可谓前程似锦。
After the play, I took home the flower (the dandelion blossom) I had stuffed in the apron of my costume. My mother pressed it between two sheets of paper toweling in a dictionary, laughing as she did it that we were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking seed.
[1] 演出结束后，我把塞在演出服围裙里的那朵蒲公英带回了家。母亲将花接了过去，用两张纸巾将它压平，夹在一本字典里。她一边忙碌着，一边笑，想到也许只有我们俩会珍藏这么一朵打了蔫的野草花。
[2] 演出结束后，我把那朵塞在表演服围裙里的蒲公英带回家中。妈妈用两张纸巾把花压平，然后夹在字典里。她一边夹花一边笑，似乎只有我们俩才会珍藏这样一朵打了蔫的野花。
I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being arrested, because there was obviously no cop around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it. (Trust ，Andy Rooney)
[1] 我开始琢磨起自己为什么不肯闯红灯这个问题来。我并不是害怕被抓住，因为周围根本没有警察，即使闯红灯也不会有什么危险。
[2] 我开始纳闷儿为什么没闯红灯呢。当时旁边肯定没有警察，又不用担心被拘留，而且即便冒险闯了灯也没什么危险啊。
With night approaching, the boatman and I had no choice but to wait until the wind stopped.
[1] 眼看夜色来临，船主和我只好等风住了再说。
[2] 夜幕渐渐降临，船夫和我别无选择，只能等待风停下来再说。
It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine on the trellis was turning green. Under the huge elm trees, we could see yellow dandelions popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with dabs of gold.
I watched my mother casually bend down by one of the clumps. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, yanking a blossom up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.”
那真是一个可爱的春日，棚架上蔷薇的藤蔓正在转青。在一些高大的榆树下面，我们可以看到，一丛丛黄色的蒲公英冒出草坪，仿佛是一位画家为了给眼前的美景增色而着意加上的点点金色。
我看到母亲在一簇花丛旁漫不经心地弯下身来。“我看得把这些野草都拔了，”她说，一边使劲把一丛蒲公英连根拔
And under these seas the largest single geological feature on earth has been found—— a mountain range that dwarfs the Himalayas. It’s a range that covers nearly one quarter of the earth’s surface.
[1] 就在这些海洋中发现了地球上唯一最大的地质构成——一条使喜马拉雅相形见绌的大山脉，这条山脉覆盖了地球表面几乎四分之一。
[2] 在这些大海的深处发现了地球上所知的最大规模的地质奇观——一座让喜马拉雅相形见绌的山脉。这座山脉几乎覆盖地球表面的四分之一。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。
If pollution continues to increase at the present rates formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of ice age in fifty years's time.
如果污染继续以目前的速度加重，在大气中形成烟雾，只需约五十年的时间，冰期就会到来。
Once the overall programs strategy has been clearly established, then the Syntatic details of the language can be considered. Such an approach is often referred to as "top-down" programming.
一旦清楚地制订了全面的编程系统，然后便考虑语言的句法细节。这种方法经常被称为“自顶而下”的程序设计法。
Useful facts may be collected either by making careful observation or by setting up experiment.
通过仔细观察或做实验可以搜集到有用的数据。
Long regarded by elementary particle physicists as a costly nuisance, synchrotron radiation is now recognized as a valuable research tool.
同步加速器辐射长期被基本粒子物理学家当作是一种费钱的废物，现在人们却认识到，它是宝贵的研究工具。Using a computer, we composed a series of synthetic songs by shuffling natural syllables into different patterns.
我们用计算机把音节组织成种种不同的结构模式从而合成了一系列曲子。
To signal the presence of a hunting hawk, the chaffinch becomes a ventriloquist, “throwing”its voice so that the hawk can not find it.
为了通知同伴有恶鹰到来，苍头雀变成了口技表演家。它把叫声“抛”得老远，既警告了同伴，又让老鹰找不到它。
Because radio waves travel at 186.000 miles per second and sound waves saunter along at 700 miles per hour.A broadcast voice can be heard sooner 13,000 miles away than it can be heard at the back of the room in which it originates.
无线电波传播的速度为每秒186000英里，而声波传播的速度仅为每小时700英里。在13000英里以外收听广播的人，能比在播音室后部的人先听到播音员的声音。
Like Archimedes ,he was always thinking and always asking the reason for things.
他像阿基米德一样，总在不停地思索问题，总在探求事物的过程。
To uibrate three times as past, or once in every third part of a second .The cord had to be only one-ninth of 39.1 inches in length.
如果要使摆动的速度快两倍，或者说每三分之一秒，那么绳子的长度应该是39.1英寸的九分之一。
He saw that lights which were hung on rods of the same length swung back and forth, or vibrated, in the same length of time.
他看到，悬挂在长度相同的竿子上的灯来回摆动的时间是一样的。
Austria is wedged between seven other countries.Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of German are to the west. Czechoslovakia is to the north. Hungary is to the east. To the south are Italy and Yugoslavia.
奥地利周边与七国相邻；西濒列支敦士登，瑞士，德意志联邦国，北邻捷克斯洛伐克，东连匈牙利，南接意大利和南斯拉夫。
Tiny island, with links of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand on them are strung around the edge of peninsula like a pearl necklace.
The harbor looked most beautiful in its semicircle of hills and half-light. The color of pearl gray and a fairy texture......This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the christmas card of tradition. Soft ,melting halftones.Nothing brittle of garish.
只见海塔环抱于半圆形的小山丛中，煞是好看。朦朦胧胧，一片银灰，宛若仙境。
A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the wave. Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze.She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East
and west.
威尼斯水城海天相接，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，剥光澄澈，
清风拂面而来，荡去你心中的不快和烦恼。而城中那些集东西方艺术之大成的艺术杰作，更给人以精神上的
享受。
云南有26个少数民族，是中国少数民族最多的省份。各民族的服饰，建筑，风俗，歌舞，饮食等，形成了一
幅美丽的风情画卷。
Home to 26 ethnic groups---the largest number in China----Yunnan Province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture,cuisine, songs and dances and rituals.
The shore line unobtrusively divided into low islands fringed with black lava boulders and overgrown with jungle
and the grey-green water slips in between.
海岸线界限不明，划分为座座低矮的小岛，暗绿的河水缓流其间。岛上丛林茂密，大片乌黑的熔岩裸露与四
周贴水一线。
这儿的峡谷有事另一番景象，谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅
生机盎然的天然风景画，各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。
It's another gorge though which a rapid stream flaws.Trees,flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on
both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.
路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四个大字。
To its left is another rock formerly engaged with four big Chinese characters Y un Wai Liu Chun (Beyond Clouds Flows Spring) written by Su Dongpo, the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).
英语常用翻译十二式 英语翻译十二式(一) 同义反译法 例子： 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译：「还留着」或「还呆在那里」) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译：「永远在此呆下去」) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候，请别让炉子灭了。(不译：「我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着」) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 「等等，他不是说着玩儿的。」(不译：「等等，他是认真的。」) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 「听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。」(不译：「……对这孩子要坚定」) (二) 删减解释词 例子： The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 例子： " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 「在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，……」 (四) 译词推陈出新 例子：
…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year? ‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症 Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors. 让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。 There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5. 无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。 Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS. 在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。 A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that
2012年1月4日星期三 雌激素是新的“利他林”吗？ ——性激素能让一部分女性思维敏捷，却也让一部分迟钝 大考即将来临？无法集中注意力？尝试一点雌激素吧。 加州大学伯克利分校的神经系统科学家在最近的一项研究中报道称，女性生理周期中的荷尔蒙波动可能会如咖啡因、甲基苯丙胺或最常见的兴奋剂利他林一样影响其大脑。 近年来的研究表明，工作记忆（短期信息处理能力）是依赖于化学物质多巴胺的。事实上，像利他林这样的药物可以模仿多巴胺帮助人们集中注意力。在老鼠身上的研究显示，雌激素似乎可以诱发多巴胺的释放。但是伯克利这次的新研究是首次把认识能力和人的雌激素水平联系起来，这也就解释了为什么有些女性会在她们生理周期的不同时间点有着或好或坏的认识能力。 这只研究团队对24名健康女性进行了检测。通过基因测试，她们中有些天然多巴胺水平高，而有些天然低。不出所料，多巴胺水平低的女性对于处理复杂的工作记忆问题有困难，比如将一串五个数字反着背出来。但当测试在排卵期中进行，雌激素水平最高时（一般是月经期的10~12天后）这些女性的表现显著改善，有大约10%的进步。令人惊讶的是，多巴胺水平天然高的女性处理复杂问题的能力，却在排卵期中雌激素水平最高的时候有很明显的下降。 根据组织此次研究的Ph.D Emily Jacobs说，脑中的多巴胺是“classic Goldilacks scenario”。对于多巴胺水平最低的25%女性来说，在月经期多巴胺水平的增加会增强她们的认识能力，而对于多巴胺水平最高的25%女性来说，月经期多巴胺水平的增加可能会使她们的多巴胺水平超过一个上限，从而减弱她们的认识能力。而剩下的50%女性都处在这两类女性水平之间，不在研究的范围内。 这项研究有着重大的意义。Jacob说，像咖啡因、利他林这种诱发多巴胺释放的药物对于特定时期的女性是无效，甚至是损害性的。而且，她还希望提醒科学家们注意，在研究脑部疾病时，男女大脑虽然天赋相同但是并不完全一样。 Jacob说，这之间有很大区别，只有我们能知道他们在正常状态下的区别，我们才能预测他们在疾病状态下的区别。 毁约——脑扫描揭示誓言什么时候会不被遵守 新郎说“我愿意”而又和别人有一腿的时候，他脑中发生了什么？朋友承诺还钱却一直不还，他的脑中又发生了什么？一项最新研究显示，毁约是一项很复杂的神经生物学事件。而且脑扫描可以在毁约发生前预测出谁将要毁约。 瑞士苏黎世大学的科学家运用核磁共振技术把大脑比喻成了一场投资游戏。投资者必须决定是否承诺与受托者分享利益。如果投资，会使得账户中的资金增加，但如果受托者选择不分享，结果也会是投资者受损失。几乎所有投资者都说会把钱给受托者，但最后并不会所有人都守约。 通过核磁共振的扫描，研究者可以在他们有机会毁约前预测出他们会不会毁约。毁约者脑部的一些区域的活动会更加活跃，包括分管在压抑诚实回应时自我控制的前额皮质层，和标志
____年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 你要茶还是咖啡尿是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 Would you like tea or coffee? That's a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five
英语翻译 Unit 1Book 3. 中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春 节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日， 象征团结兴旺。其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、 中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风 俗习惯。农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝 聚力和生命力的体现 Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed to the Lunar calendar. January 1st on the lu Seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double- Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eight Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Ea Lunar calendar. They embody China's cohesion and vitality. Unit 3Book3. 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画” 的画特指国画。其绘画形式 是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹 青。为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”。其题材有人 物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。国画的艺术特质在于“笔 墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中化民族的 审美意识和情趣。 The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And paint painting.” In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese people term their works “traditional Chinese painting” ( hand brushwork. The artistic characteristics lie in “the writing brush and ink.” Chinese pai 5. 中国石窟 中国石窟组要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛 阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟 随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇尚美与世俗情融为一体，把天然 造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、 绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界瞩目，已成为重要的世界 文化遗产。 Chinese Grottoes Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China， there are four major art landscape of grottoes:the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui. Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind. The Chinese Buddhist Grottoes are regarded
变译理论视角下的中国特色政治话语的英译研究 十九大的召开于中国、世界而言都是重大盛事。随着中国的繁荣复兴，国际社会正以前所未有的兴趣关注着中国的一举一动，我国也积极主动回应，开始以自信的姿态向世界展示自我，优雅动听地讲述着自己的故事。诚然，讲好中国故事需要好译文。传统而言，中国特色社会主义政治宣传材料大都采用全译手段，严格遵照原文内容及风格。但笔者研究发现，十九大英译版本有了创新之处，也存在增、减、并、缩等变译现象。 标签：变译理论；中国特色政治话语；十九大报告英译本；翻译策略 一、引言 英语读者文化背景与中方迥异，西方大多国家属资本主义社会，读者对社会主义政治意识知之甚少，加之中国的社会主义属于中国特色社会主义，性质不同于一般社会主义国家，种种原因加大了中国特色政治话语外宣难度以及强度。 经笔者研究，大多政治外宣材料为寻求译文对原文内容和风格的忠实程度，在一定程度上忽略了读者对中国特色政治词汇的认知，导致读者看不懂，理解不了。最终产生了宣传不到位、政治外宣意义落实不到位的局面，在一定程度上致使世界对中国特色社会主义思想了解不够。由此可见，政治话语英译，自然应以读者为中心，根据读者的实际情况，有选择、有意识地采取变译策略是有必要的。 二、理论综述 “变译，指人或机器根据特定条件下特定读者的特殊需求，采用变通手段摄取其原作有关内容的思维活动和语际活动。”（黄忠廉，《翻译方法论》3）变译策略所使用的翻译方法通常是变通加。变译的核心行为在于发挥译者主体性，根据读者需要或者兴趣所在，摄取有效信息，提高翻译效率及可读性，达到读者与译者的双赢。变译理论的提出，是翻译理论范畴扩大的表现，促进了当前的翻译理论走向合理化，使之更加完整、全面。同时，该理论的提出，开拓了译者视野，为译者提供了更多翻译策略选择，这样一来，译文的质量也能得到不同程度的提高。 三、十九大英译中的变译现象分析 十九大报告外译，一如既往地由中央编译局组织，创新之处在于提前邀请外籍专家人驻，共同参与十九大外译译校过程。对于以往不符合外文习惯的翻译，同外文专家一道经仔细斟酌后，进行更改。本次的成功，与中央编译局在采取全译策略的的基础上，充分考虑读者，以读者为中心，考虑外籍专家意见，采取必要的变译策略息息相关。 （一）增。增，是指譯者根据读者对原文信息的认知程度，对于译者认为读
2017.2.1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. 每周六上午九点，五万多名跑步者在他们附近的公园跑五公里。 The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. “Parkrun”这一现象最初由十几个朋友发起，如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动，在国外就更多了。 Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. 活动是免费的，还招募了大量的自愿者。 Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. 跑步者从四岁到祖父母辈都有，他们的用时区间从安德鲁·巴德利创造的世界记录13分钟48秒到一个小时不等。Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. “Parkrun”在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败之处取得了成效。 Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的一个周一宣布，第三十届奥林匹克运动会将在伦敦举行。 Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 计划文件承诺、奥运会的伟大遗产将会让一个国家的体育爱好者离开他们的沙发。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. 人们将身材更好、更键康，并将产生越来越多的冠军，但是这些并未发生。 The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012, but the general population was growing faster. 每周锻炼身体的成年人数量的确在2012年前增加了将近两百万，但总人口增长速度更快。 Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更槽糕的是，这个数字现在正在加速下降。 The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对者声称，每周至少进行两小时体育运动的小学生减少了近一半。 Obesity has risen among adults and children. 肥胖的成人和儿童人数在增加。 Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." 官方仍在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 The success of Parkrun offers answers. “Parkrun”的成功给出了答案。 Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Y our only competitor is the clock. “Parkrun”不是竞赛、而是计时赛：你唯一的竞争对手是时间。 The ethos welcomes anybody. 其精神在于欢迎任何人。 There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. 气喘吁吁的初次参与者在冲线时会得到人们的掌声喝彩，由此产生的快乐堪比最有天赋的新星的表现。 The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多的人参与体育运动并产生更多的精英运动员。The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 双重目标混为一谈：成功而并非参与的压力会让初次参与者望而生畏。 Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. 实际上，国家把这样一个基本的“草根”概念作为社区体育协会来参与规划是有些荒唐的。 If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods: making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 如果政府要发挥作用，它应该真正参与到公共设施的建设之中：确保有运动场地的空间，有资金用于建设网球和篮网球场地，并支持学校开展所有这些体育活动。 But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. 但是历届政府都卖过绿地，从地方政府压榨资金并不断减少对体育教育的关注。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. 除了口头和相应的战略内容，未来政府需要作出更多的行动来创造条件，使得体育运动蓬勃发展。 Or at least not make them worse. 或者至少不让情况更加糟糕。
圭亚那盆地地层时代中英文对照 Cainozoic 新生界 Tertiary 第三纪 Pleistocene 第三纪更新世 Miocene 第三纪中新世 Lower Miocene 第三纪下中新世 Oligocene 第三纪渐新世 Eocene 第三纪始新世 Middle Eocene第三纪中始新世 Lower Eocene第三纪下始新世 Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Cretaceous 白垩纪 Senonian 森诺阶 Campanian 坎帕阶 Santonian 桑托阶 Coniacian 科尼亚克阶（晚白垩纪第三期）Turonian 白垩纪土仑阶（晚白垩纪第二期）Cenomanian 森诺曼阶 Albian 阿尔比阶 Aptian 阿普第阶 Barremian 巴列姆阶 Precambrian 前寒武纪地层
Cainozoic 新生界 Quaternary 第四系Quaternary period 第四纪Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Mesozoic中生界 Cretaceous 白垩系 Jurassic 侏罗系 Triassic 三叠系 LateTriassicepoch 晚三叠世 Paleozoic 古生界 Permian 二叠系 LatePermianepoch Early Permian 早二叠世 Carboniferous 石炭系石炭纪 Late Carboniferous Devonian 泥盆系泥盆纪upperDevonionseries 上泥盆统 siluric 志留系Silurian 志留纪 Ordovician 奥陶系奥陶纪 Cambrian 寒武系寒武纪 Proterozoic era 元古代
第9卷第2期 2012年2月Journal of Hubei University of Economics(Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报（人文社会科学版） Feb.2012Vol.9No.2 一、引言 随着中国在世界政治和经济格局中的地位的提高，国际社会也需要更多的关注与了解中国，因此，很多政治语篇如官方文件、领导人讲话等都需要译成外文。在政治语篇特别是官方政治文件的翻译中，忠实于原文往往是对译者的首要要求，但是政治语篇的翻译过程也不仅仅是语言文本的单纯转换，也会有很多其它因素左右着翻译的过程和结果。因此本文将从批评性话语分析的角度对政治语篇的翻译与意识形态之间的关系加以分析。 二、批评话语分析理论 批评话语分析这一话语研究方法最早由R.Fowler 等人 在Language and Control （Fowler et al ，1979）一书中提出，是国外近年来兴起的一种话语分析方法。与主流话语分析（mainstream discourse analysis ）不同，批评话语分析主要研究语言形式与权力以及意识形态之间的关系。它不仅研究语言是什么，而且研究语言为什么是这样；不仅对话语的意义感兴趣，而且对话语如何产生这种意义感兴趣。（丁建新、廖益清，2001：305）批评话语分析旨在透过表面的语言形式，揭露意识形态对话语的影响，话语对意识形态的反作用，以及两者是如何源于社会结构和权势关系，又是如何为之服务的。（ibid ）Fairclough （1995）认为任何话语都可以同时视为一种三维的概念:1．语篇（text ），口语或书面语；2.话语实践（discourse practice ），包括语篇的生成与解释；3.社会文化实践。话语的这一性质要求话语分析也必须是三维的，一般应包括：1.对语篇的语言学描述；2.对语篇与话语过程之间的关系作出解释；3.对话语过程与社会过程之间的关系作出解释。 批评话语分析的这些基本观点要求把语言看作是一个多功能的系统。而韩礼德（1978）的系统功能语言学对语言结构提出了纯粹功能性解释，认为人们在使用语言时所选择的语言形式是由其要实现的社会功能决定的，并提出语言的三大功能为：概念功能（ideational function ）、人际功能（interpersonal function ）和篇章功能（textual function ），在具体的语言形式中这三大功能分别可以通过及物（transitivity ）系统、语气（mood ）系统和主述位（theme ）系统来实现。因此韩礼德的系统功能语言学自然成了其主要的理论基础和方法来源，为语篇分析提供了理论框架和具体分析方法。（辛斌，2005：55-57）在具体的研究中，我们可以通过对语篇的分类系统，及物系统，情态 系统和转换系统进行分析，从而对整个语篇的意识形态作出有意义的概括。 三、政治语篇翻译的批评性话语分析 批评性话语分析的研究主要关注两个非文学领域。一个是大众语篇和官方话语，包括政府、行政管理人员、司法官员、商业组织、新闻机构等的话语。另一个是个人话语，即个人间发生的正式或非正式的交谈。（辛斌，2005：57-58）因此一些官方发言和文件便成为批评话语分析研究的热点，同样，这些政治性语篇翻译的过程，也是语言和意识形态相互作用的过程。虽然原文和译文都代表了本国政府的立场，但是相同的意识形态在不同的语言形式中也会有不同的体现。本文以2011年《政府工作报告》的英译为例，对其中英文本进行分类、转换、情态方面的对比分析，进而说明源语文本与目标语文本中语言形式和功能上的差异与意识形态的体现之间的关系。（一）分类 分类是指用语言赋予外部世界以秩序。（Fowler et al ，1979：210）语篇的分类系统指语篇对人物和事件的命名和描述，主要通过词汇的选择来实现。（辛斌，2005：65）分类系统往往最能反映发话人的世界观，因而也最具有意识形态意义。认真考察语篇中对核心过程和人物的描述会帮助我们清楚了解发话人的态度和立场。（辛斌，1996：23）对同一事物选择不同的词来描述，就能反应出说话者的不同态度和倾向性。 通过对《政府工作报告》中英文版本的对比研究可以发现，文中有些地方选择了不同的词对同一事物进行描述，并不完全是字对字的直译。比如，文中有一句“全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度”，对应的译文是“completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents ”，其中的“城镇居民”被译为“non-working urban residents ”，即“没有工作的城镇居民”，这样的译文向目的语读者传达的潜在意义为我国有工作的城镇居民的医疗保险制度已经建立，现在要进一步完善的是那些没有工作的居民的医疗保险，表明我国的医疗保险制度并不是刚刚建立而是在之前的基础上更加完善、涵盖的范围更加全面了，这样翻译意在维护我国“以人为本”的国家形象，避免了不必要的误读。又如，原文中大部分的“我国”在译文中都翻译为“China ”，“我国”是第一人称的口吻，而“China ”则是第三人称，这种变化体现出了说话者与读者之间关系的远近。 批评话语分析与政治语篇翻译 ———以《政府工作报告》的英译为例 汪 颖 （河南师范大学外国语学院，河南新乡453007） 摘 要：本文从批评性话语分析的视角对政治语篇翻译过程中词语选择与主流意识形态的关系加以探讨，以2011 年《政府工作报告》的翻译为例，主要运用批评性话语分析的理论和系统功能语言学的方法，对其中英文本进行分类、转换、情态方面的对比分析，进而说明意识形态与政治语篇翻译之间的关系。 关键词：批评话语分析；政治语篇；翻译；意识形态 125··
第12页 0903060136 梁潇 0903060137 黄浩 0901014108 黄瑞尧 5.3性能分析 通信开销：在和平时期，验证和密钥协商协议的要求只有三路之间的网状路由器和网络用户和双向沟通网络用户之间。这是最低的通信回合要实现相互认证，因此，和平招致降低认证延迟。此外，通过设计，和平带来最低的额外因为它们可能对网络用户的通信开销如掌上电脑和智能手机进行的移动客户端比其他笔记本电脑访问无线网状网。这些移动客户端要少得多强大相比，网状路由器考虑到他们的沟通能力。在消息（M.1），（M.1），（M.2），网络用户只需要发送一组签名履行认证功能。作为我们立足本集团上签字的变化计划[8]中提出，签名的包括两个G的元素五个元素的Z带够。当使用[19]中描述的曲线，可以首要采取p到170位并使用G组1，其中每个元素是171位。因此，总群签名的长度为1192位或149字节。有了这些参数，安全性是大致相同作为一个标准的1024位RSA签名，这是128个字节[8]。也就是说，群签名的长度几乎是作为一个标准的RSA-1024的签名相同。 计算开销：在和平，最昂贵的计算操作的签名生成和验证。签名生成需要两个同构的应用中。同构计算，需要大约同时，作为一个在G1幂（使用快速计算的轨迹图）[8]。因此，签名生成需要约八幂（或multiexponentiations）和两个双线性映射计算。验证签名需要六个幂和3+2|网址|双线性映射计算。按照设计，和平采用会话认证的不对称对称的混合方法，降低计算成本。网络实体（Mesh 路由器和网络用户）执行昂贵的组签名操作相互验证，只有当建立一个新的会话，所有同一会话的后续数据交换是通过高效的基于MAC的方法进行验证。 更具体地说，和平需要进行相互认证，为建立一个新的会话时，执行一个签名生成和签名验证的网络用户。由此可以看出，签名验证的实际成本计算取决于一致资源定址器的大小，而签名的发电成本是固定的。和平可以主动控制的一致资源定址器的大小。此外，可以采取一种更为有效的吊销检查算法，其运行的时间是一致资源定址器的独立[8]中描述了对用户的隐私有点牺牲。这种技术可以进一步带来的总成本六幂和5个双线性映射计算的签名验证。另一方面，和平需要一个网状路由器进行相互认证其覆盖范围内的每个网络用户每每灯塔消息不同的会议和标志定期播出。 存储开销：在和平中，网络用户可以携带资源约束的普及设备，如掌上电脑和智能手机访问的无线网状网。因此，存储每个网络用户的开销应该是负担得起的现代普及设备。在我们的计划显示说明，在和平中的每个网络用户需要存储两个信息：他的小组的私钥及相关系统参数。该组的私钥为每个用户包含1组元素的G1和2个Z元素。如果我们首要选择p到170位，并使用G组1每个组171位的元素，每个组私钥用户只需消耗511位的内存，这是微不足道的现代普及设备。大多数的内存消耗部分是系统参数，其中可能包括代码来形容双线性组（G
Unit 1 恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道： 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）” 的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话： 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment” 暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为： 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。
Era of Big Data is a woman's age; women in the gene can accumulate and deal with big data/ women are born to accumulate and deal with big data. Many men and children, in fact, have been wondering about this special ability of women. Like, as a child, just as soon as you entered the house your Mother said immediately in a suspicious tone: “Liu zhijun, you didn’t do well in the exam today, did you.” Another example, you just have a glance at the mobile phone, your wife laughs: “Does Er gou the next door ask you to play games?” One more ex ample, when you close the door and make a phone call, your girlfriend will cry: “Who are shot in bed?” They are sometimes right, sometimes wrong. However, On the whole, the accuracy rate is higher than chance level. When they are wrong, men would sneer women always give way to foolish fancies; when they are right, men would say women are sensitive animal maybe with more acute sensory organs. Anyway, that is a guess. It has already scared man that overall accuracy rate is higher than the random level. In order to adapt to this point, the male also developed a very strong skills against reconnaissance. This part is beyond the scope of this article, so no more details about it. Some studies, such as Hanna Holmes’s paper, have indi cated that the white matter of the female’s brain is higher than that of the male. So they have very strong imagination of connecting things together. Some recent studies have shown that women are better than men in the "date" memory. That is the reason why they are able to remember all the birthdays, anniversaries, and even some of the great day of unimportant friends. No matter whether these results are true or not, I am afraid that this is not women's most outstanding ability. Women's most remarkable ability is a long-term tracking of some seemingly unimportant data to form their own baseline and pattern. Once the patterns of these data points are significantly different from the baseline she is familiar with, she knows something unusual. In their daily life, women do not consider the difference between causality and correlation. They believe in the principle: "There must be something wrong out of something unusual." People who talk about big data often take Lin Biao as an example. Lin Biao recorded some detailed and unimportant data after a battle. Such as seized guns, the proportion of rifles and pistols, the age levels of war prisoners, seized grain, whether they are sorghum or millet, etc., all of which were unavoidably recorded in the book. Others laughed at him. But later, he determined where the enemy headquarters were according to these data. What women do is almost the same. A girl A has a secret crush on boy B, but she usually doesn’t contact him directly. Two days later, I asked her if she wanted to ask him to have dinner together. She said he was playing. I wondered “how do you know that?” She said that boy B usually is on the line Gmail at 8:00 am, away status at8:30am, for he goes out to buy coffee and breakfast, on line again at 9:00am, busy status, for he is at work, away again at12:30am for lunch, on line for whole evenings, maybe for reading or playing games. His buddy C is on line at10:00 am, still online till 2:00am next day. He is a boy who gets up late and stays up late. His buddy D is on line for the most of the day. However, the most important pattern is that there are 2-3 days per week, during which they would be offline or away for 3-4 hours together. Conclusion: they are playing together.