考研英语阅读真题历年实例解读(八)
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考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(八)Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project。
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want。
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news。
TEXT 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage-spying as a profession.These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point and click spying.The spooks call it open source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor,And we'll hear back from some of them.Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has . A.received support from fans like Donovan B.remolded the intelligence services C.restored many common pastimes D.revived spying as a profession 42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to . A.introduce the topic of online spying B.show how he fought for the US C.give an episode of the information war D.honor his unique services to the CIA 43. The phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means . A.causing the biggest trouble B.exerting the greatest effort C.achieving the greatest success D.enjoying the widest popularity 44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . A. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true B.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C.Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability D.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. Straitford is most proud of its . A.official status B.nonconformist image C.efficient staff D.military backgroundable11 a.有能⼒的,能⼲的,显⽰出才华的 achieve12 v.①完成,实现;②达到,达成,获得 agency11 n.代理(处),代办处 analysis8 n.分析,分解 available18 a.①可⽤的,可得到的;②可以见到的,随时可来的 avoid9 v.避免,回避,逃避 background6 n.背景,经历 brief5 a.简短的,简洁的;v.简短介绍,简要汇报;n.①(pl.)摘要;②指令 business36 n.①商业,⽣意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤⾏业,业务 cause28 n.①原因,理由;②事业,事件,奋⽃⽬标;v.使产⽣,引起 characterize6 v.①表⽰...的特性;②描述...的特性 click1 v.①点击;②发出滴答声;n.滴答声 collection1 n.收藏(品),收集(物) compile1 v.编辑,汇编 contest2 n.竞争,竞赛,⽐赛;v.竞争,⽐赛,争论 corporation10 n.公司,企业,团体 crisis3 n.([pl.]crises)危机,紧要关头 data22 n.(datum的复数)资料,数据 decade18 n.⼗年 declaration2 n.宣⾔,宣布,声明 dramatic4 a.①戏剧的,戏剧性的;②剧烈的,激进的;③显著的,引⼈注⽬的 efficient3 a.①有效的,效率⾼的;②有能⼒的,能胜任的 electronic8 a.电⼦的 episode1 n.⽚断,(连续剧的)⼀集 exert3 v.发挥,施加影响,运⽤ fascinate2 v.迷住,强烈吸引 firm14 a.①坚固的,稳固的;②坚决的,坚定的;n.公司,商号 former10 a.①前任的;②以前的,在前的;pron.前者 forth2 ad.向前,向外;(back and ~)来回地 guarantee5 n.保证,保证书;v.保证,担保 image1 n.①形象;②肖像,影像,印象 increasingly11 ad.不断增加地,⽇益 independent6 a.(of)独⽴的,⾃主的 influential1 a.①有影响的;②有权势的 information44 n.①通知,报告;②情报,信息 intelligence13 n.①智⼒,聪明;②理解⼒;③情报,消息,报导 lean2 v.①倾斜,屈⾝;②倚,靠,依赖;a.①瘦的,⽆脂肪的;②精⼲的,效率⾼的;③贫瘠的 margin1 n.①页边空⽩;②边缘;③余地;④幅度 military3 a.军事的,军⽤的,军队的 pastime1 n.消遣,娱乐 phrase6 n.短语,词语,习语 predict13 v.预⾔,预测,预告 private11 a.私⼈的,个⼈的,秘密的,私下的 profession5 n.职业,⾃由职业 reinforce2 v.增援,加强 reliable5 a.可靠的 rely6 v.①(on)依赖,依靠;②信赖,信任 restore3 v.①恢复,使回复;②归还,交还;③修复,重建 result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...⽽造成 revive1 v.①使苏醒;②复苏,复兴 risk14 v.冒...的危险;n.风险,危险 science58 n.①科学;②学科 solution4 n.①解答,解决办法;②溶解,溶液 sound7 n.声⾳,声响;v.①发声,响;②听起来;a.①健全的,完好的;②正当的,有根据的;③彻底的,充分的 source11 n.①源,源泉;②来源,出处 splash1 v.溅,泼;n.①溅,飞溅声;②(make a ~)引起轰动 spy6 n.间谍;v.①当间谍,刺探;②察觉,发现 staff5 n.①全体职⼯,全体⼈员;②杠,棒;③参谋部;v.配备⼯作⼈员 status5 n.①地位,⾝份;②情形,状况 story11 n.①描述;②故事;③报道;④谎话;⑤楼层 topic3 n.话题,主题,题⽬ unique6 a.惟⼀的,独⼀⽆⼆的 vacuum1 n.真空,真空吸尘器;v.⽤真空吸尘器打扫 vocation1 n.职业,⾏业 web12 n.,蜘蛛 advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件 distribution6 n.分配,分发,配给物 emergence5 n.浮现,出现 espionage1 n.间谍,侦探 latest8 a.最近的 mastery1 n.掌握 mutually1 ad.互相地,互助 nonconformist1 a./n.不墨守陈规的(⼈) online8 n.联机,在线 popularity5 n.普及,流⾏ prediction6 n.预⾔,预报 remold1 vt.改造 reshape1 vt.改造,再成形 spook1 n.间谍,特务 spymaster2 n.间谍⾸脑 strategic2 a.战略的,战略上的 truthfulness1 n.真实,正当,坦率 unpredictability2 n.不可预测性 whereby2 ad.凭什么,由此难句1 The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. [结构分析] 1. 本句主⼲结构是:The American spymaster ... was fascinated with information; 2. who引导的定语从句修饰the American spymaster,who在定语从句中作主语,谓语是and连接的built和laid; [本句难点]主要是从句关系复杂; [⽅法对策]找出主句和从句关系,然后找出各⾃的主⼲结构,就⽐较好理解本句; [例句精译]这位曾经在第⼆次世界⼤战时建⽴了战略服务处,后来⼜为中央情报局的成⽴打下了基础的美国间谍⼤师对情报是如此着迷。
Unit 8Transportation and City LifeLearning ObjectivesPart I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions:The following are four pictures of the traffic regulations and theirmeaning. Match each picture with its corresponding meaning.(1) -- C (2) -- D(3) -- B (4) -- AA. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by opening the door without noticing the rear vehicle.B. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the collision because he violates thetraffic regulation by overtaking the car from the right on a one-way traffic road. C. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by carrying goods with overlength.D. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the crash because he violates the traffic regulation by not avoiding the front turning vehicle.B Directions:The following are different means of transportation. Join a partnerand discuss the following questions:bike taxi train bus subway plane light rail car1. Which means of transportation do you usually take when you go downtown?2. Which do you take when you go traveling? And why?3. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a certain means of transportationyou take.Useful Words and Expressionstraffic regulation 交通规则pedestrian 行人guide post 路标subway 地铁traffic light 红绿灯give way 让路police box 岗亭commute 通勤single line 单行线ambulance 救护车double yellow lines 双黄线drunk driving 醉酒驾车zebra stripes 斑马线exceed the speed limit超速cross road十字路safety island安全岛no entry 不准进入sidewalk 人行道no turns 不准掉头carriage way 车行道drive on to the pavement 冲上人行道ill informed 消息闭塞head-on collision 迎面相撞lack of cultural activities 缺乏文化生活a chain collision 连环撞convenient traffic 便捷的交通driving without license 无证驾驶public transportation system公共交通系统Part II Listening1.HK airportRead the new words below before listening.Directions:Listen to a dialogue about HK airport. Fill in the information that isTapescriptRob: Hello, I‘m Rob and with me today is Rosie.Rosie: Hi there.Rob: Hi, Rosie. Now i n our programme today we‘re talking about airports. They are sort of a departure point for great adventures and they are amazing crossroads for people travelling across the world.Rosie: But why are we talking about them today?Rob: Well, airport expansion has been in the news and particularly plans to expand Hong Kong International airport which could turn into the World‘s biggest. Rosie: The airport was only opened in 1998 and was built on an island made by land reclamation. The airport is seen as a major contributor to the Hong Kong economy.Rob: That‘s right. Let‘s hear from BBC correspondent Juliana Liu about the airport‘s importance. (Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)Hong Kong’s airport is one of the busiest in the world, transporting fifty f our million passengers a year and more cargo than anywhere else. And because it’s so close to the booming provinces of southern China, those traffic figures are only expected to go up.Rosie: That‘s why the government wants to make an enormous expansion of the airport.Rob: Other countries around the world are also talking about expanding their airports.Rosie: Yes, this is something that is being considered in London. The government is now considering building a new runway at Heathrow or even building a completely new airport altogether, possibly in the middle of the Thames estuary.Rob: But building projects like these are very expensive and they involve making decisions based on predictions for the future.Rosie: Well let‘s hear more from Juliana Liu about what‘s involved with the expanding of the project?(Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)The project is likely to cost more than 17 billions dollars, much more than the existing airport. It will be an enormous undertaking. Much of the space needed for the runway does not yet exist, so it must be reclaimed from the sea. Rob: M ore than 17 billion dollars! That‘s more than the existing airport cost to build so maybe that gives you the idea of how big it really is going to be.Rosie: A very big commitment. One of the tasks –or jobs – that needs doing is to build more land.Rob: Now a t the moment there isn‘t the space to build a runway so new land must be reclaimed from the sea. They will convert the seabed into land to build on. Rosie: That will be a really big undertaking! But why do they have to do that?Couldn‘t they build it somewhere else, maybe nearer the city centre?Rob: Well, as you know, land is expensive and anyway, airports create noise and pollution which nobody wants near their house. A good compromise – or a fair agreement – is to build them by the sea.Rosie: But even doing that in Hong Kong has raised some concerns for environmentalists –people who care about the environment. There is also concern about pollution which apparently is already what most people complain about in Hong Kong. And the air and noise pollution can certainly affect our health.Rob: Well I think building new airports is always controversial but until we can develop a cleaner form of transport and a quieter one, there will be always be the need for air travel and for airports.2. Cycling in CitiesA Directions:In this section you will hear a report about the cycling life on theslow lane in some European countries. While listening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions:Listen to the report again and answer the following questions.1) Where and when did the low-tech scheme start?It started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.2) Apart from Mexico, what cities have adopted rent-a-bike projects?They are Copenhagen, Paris, Berlin, and London.3) What is the biggest problem for the cycling schemes?theft4) What seems to be more secure than portable lock?the mandatory use of docking stations5) What are the two best solutions mentioned for urban cycling?One is cycle lanes; the other is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined.TapescriptCycling in citiesShifting up a gearRent-a-bike projects are cropping up in unlikely placesTHIN air, thick smog and bad drivers make Mexico City hard going for cyclists. But a new fleet of 1,200 smart red ―Ecobici‖ pay-as-you-go rental bikes, at 85 docking stations, marks the most ambitious recent addition to a global trend of municipally endorsed cycling. Since February 7,000 people have signed up, and between them they have taken more than 200,000 trips.A low-tech scheme started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.Copenhagen launched the first big automated project in 1995. German cities, including Berlin, have tried versions paid for by mobile phone. But the most successful is the ―Vélib‖ in Paris, with 20,000 bikes available for users with swipe-cards. In London the transport authority and Barclays Bank will launch a 6,000-bike programme on July 30th. Users can pay at one of the 400 docking stations, or use a key with a chip.The vulnerability for most schemes is theft. Thousands of the Parisian bikes disappeared in the scheme‘s early stages, turning up as far a f ield as Romania and Morocco. Portable locks have proved a weak point: the mandatory use of docking stations is more secure. ―We were expecting people to steal them, but that hasn‘t happened,‖ says Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico City‘s mayor. Only one of the 1,200 bikes in the scheme has gone missing to date.The paradox of urban cycling is that bad traffic is both deterrent and incentive. When demonstrations or traffic-signal failures bring Mexico‘s streets to gridlock, businessmen can be seen strapping their briefcases onto Ecobicis.Cyclists in places like London and Mexico City yearn for proper cycle lanes, of the kind commonplace in countries such as Germany. A second-best solution is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined. On that score at least Mexico‘s traffic police, the scourge of motorists, are charm itself.For now, the hope is that new bike-hire schemes help raise cyclists‘ numbers enough to change motorists‘ behaviour—and thus erode the perception of danger that keeps people off their bikes3Social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyof city’s role in global society. Listen and answer the following questions.1) Who have cities attracted since ancient times?They have attracted smart people and enable them to work collaboratively to advance society.2) Why does Glaeser say there is less carbon usage in cities than in countryside?Two reasons for that. One is less driving because of public transportation. The second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.3) What are the vital considerations in urban planning in 21st century?energy, the environment, and the economyB Directions: Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Big cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, 1) congested, crime-ridden places. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking 2) the role of the city in global societyIn a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖ Glaeser takes readers a world tour of 3) urban success stories. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create 4) job opportunities and vibrant economies. He also believes concentrating population in a city is better for the environment.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are 5) attractive/fascinating because they make people rich by delivering a path out of poverty to prosperity, offering them a chance to 6) partner with others who have different skills, and offering them 7) access to world markets, access to capital.But not everyone agrees. Architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s 8) quality of life. It could also bring a lot of 9) negative effects from density.Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.TapescriptSocial scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyBig cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are the best places to live. Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society.In a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖Glaeser takes readers a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Tokyo, Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies.Even the pockets of poverty that are part of the modern urban landscape, Glaeser says, are signs of the power of cities.―Cities don‘t make people poor, they attract poor people, and they attract poor people by delivering a path out of poverty and to prosperity, a chance to partner with people who have different skills, access to world markets, access to capital that enables poor people, some of them -not all of them - to actually find a way forward.‖Concentrating population in a city, Glaeser says, is better for the environment.―There is significantly less carbon usage in cities. There are two reasons for that, one of which is less driving. They are more likely to use public transportation. And whenthey do drive, they drive shorter distances. And the second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.‖To multiply that effect, the economist would like to see even more people move to cities, where towering skyscrapers would provide energy-efficient, affordable housing.But architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s quality of life.―There‘s a point where more density doesn‘t really get you very much. I mean they can be very helpful in some circumstances, they can be very destructive in some circumstances. I think we should really focus on what urban living gives to us in the network of relationships, not so much as abstract numbers of density. You know that just makes it absolutely high as possible as much of the tall buildings, because once you do that, you start to kick in lots of negative effects from density.‖Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.21st century cities are being reshaped as energy, the environment and the economy become more vital considerations in urban planning.4. Foggy California City is Tops With TouristsB Directions:Listen to the passage again and decide whether the followingstatements are true or false.1) Each year Los Angeles ranks first or second in the nation in touristvisits. ( F ) 2) Considering so many attractions, it‘s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable andexpensive place to visit. ( T ) 3) San Francisco gets a lot of rain, but its winters are cold and its summers warm.( F ) 4) San Francisco has a fleet of 37 cable cars which are the only ones of their kindremaining in the world. ( T ) 5) T he ―hippie‖ experience of San Francisco‘s 1967 ―Summer of Love‖has quitefar-reaching influence on some American people. ( T ) TapescriptFoggy California City is Tops With TouristsHilly San Francisco is America‘s 13th-largest city. Three other California cities— Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose — are larger. Yet each year, San Francisco ranks first or second in the nation in tourist visits.What‘s the attraction? Why did singer Tony Bennett, in his signature song, leave his heart in San Francisco, rather than, say, Boston or Cincinnati?Perhaps it‘s the setting: shrouded in fog along 40 steep hills, overlooking glistening San Francisco Bay. Many of the densely-packed neighborhoods clinging to these hills are filled with ornate Victorian houses called ―painted ladies.‖ Considering its ocean beaches, bustling commercial waterfront, two of the world‘s most striking bridges, and the largest urban park west of Philadelphia, it’s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable and expensive place to live and a treat to visit.Add in its lively theater scene, the oldest ballet company in the United States, dozens of art galleries, and thousands of fine restaurants, and San Francisco exudes sophistication.The city does get a lot of rain, but its winters are mild and its summers cool. Really cool. In fact, there‘s a de lightful saying —incorrectly credited to humorist Mark Twain —that the natives enjoy: ―The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.‖Among the city‘s top visitor attractions is Chinatown —the largest Asian community outside Asia. And one of the enduring symbols of San Francisco is its fleet of 37 cable cars —the only ones of their kind remaining in the world.San Francisco‘s hills themselves are tourist attractions —especially a serpentine stretch of Lombard Street that everyone ca lls the ―Crookedest Street in America.‖In the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood, you can still run into people who are trying to recapture the “hippie” experience of San Francisco’s 1967 “Summer of Love.” And in San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz Prison, which once housed the worst of the worst federal prisoners, is open for tours.These unique allurements explain why the American short-story writer O. Henry wrote, ―East is East, and West is San Francisco.‖Part III WatchingDirection: Here is a news report about an urban farmer. Watch the video and answer the questions.1)What kind of produce does the farmer raise?radishes, cucumbers, lettuce2) Does Koiner grow vegetables purely for money? If not, then for what?It keeps him busy just raising all this stuff. He enjoys it.2)How does the daughter enjoy the planting?She could not live any other way.‖AudioscriptIt‘s a typical day in downtown Silver Spring, just outside of Washington, D.C, a few blocks from here– and a world away since Charlie Koiner‘s farm, a collection ofsmall plots.Koiner has raised a wide variety of produce in the lot next to his home since he bought the land 30 years ago. He calls it the best investment he ever made, but not in terms of money.―I have an acre (4,000 square meters) of ground here and that gives me plenty of room and plenty of ground to work,‖ he says. ―So it keeps me busy just raising all this stuff. I enjoy it.‖Born and raised on a family farm that is now a shopping mall in a fast-growing Washington suburb, Koiner has gardened all his life.―That was my grandfather‘s place, and we had some 30 acres (12 hectares) right there, that was all country and everything. And we had horses and cows and chickens and always raised a big garden.‖He takes pride in what he grows in his plots and customers drop by frequently to pick up produce. Many of them are regulars, like Martha Grundmann, who came across Koiner‘s farm by chance seven years ago.―I was driving home and took a shortcut through here,‖ she says, ―and I saw this sign on the corner saying ‗radishes, cucumbers, lettuce,‘ and I said, ‗This is a garden in the middle of Silver Spring?‘―Barbara Stein comes to Koiner‘s every week. ―In the early 80s, my mother and aunt started to go to him. I enjoy talking to him, he is a very sweet man. I love his produce. He has great prices and wonderful stuff. I feel kind of loyal to him.‖ Saturdays are Koiner‘s busiest day, he sells his produce at a nearby farmers‘ market. Koiner says he could not do all the work without his daughter.―I gre w up on a farm with my father. I am the only child. And around the farm I followed my father everywhere,‖ says Lynn Koiner. ―I worked on the farm and it was not because I had to, but I just loved doing it. I am the same as my father, I could not live any o ther way.‖Lynn, now 65, recalls the reactions from developers when her father purchased this piece of land.―As soon as my father bought it they started calling me, asking me what I wanted to do with the land, and I said ‗We are going to farm it.‘Well, you could hear, like, you know, air being sucked out of a room, this gasp of, farm? They could not believe.‖The Koiners say they still don‘t plan on selling.―Over the years I have had a good life, you know what I mean, just working, and I am thankful for that, at my age, to be able to get out here and do what I am doing now. As long as I am able or fit to do it, I like to keep on doing it.‖Part IV Oral PracticeGroup work: A debateDirections: The life in a city and on a farm has its own pros and cons. Some people think rural life is boring and they are attracted by the higher wages, various forms of entertainment and richer cultural activities in downtown. Others, however, think city life is too noisy and they prefer the fresh air, clean water, smooth road and relaxingway of life in the countryside. What’s your opinion about this topic? Share your understanding with your group members, or divide your group into two parties and make a debate. The following are words and expressions that you may use in the debate.Enrichment Reading (略)。
考研英语阅读理解部分历年真题详解2024版一、Introduction英语阅读理解部分是考研英语中的重中之重,对于考生来说,掌握历年真题的解析十分重要。
本文为大家带来2024版考研英语阅读理解部分历年真题详解,希望能够帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。
二、真题解析以下是2024版考研英语阅读理解部分的历年真题详解:真题一:Passage 1【题目】What was the main concern of leading figures like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Rush in advocating public education?【选项】A) Enabling government officials to carry out their duties more effectively.B) Ensuring an adequate supply of lawyers for the new nation.C) Preparing young people for participation in democracy.D) Overcoming resistance from religious groups.【解析】选项A)使政府官员更有效地履行职责。
选项B)确保新国家有足够的律师。
选项C)为年轻人参与民主做准备。
选项D)克服宗教团体的抵制。
通过阅读文章,我们可以得知,托马斯·杰斐逊和本杰明·拉什等领导人在支持公共教育方面的主要关注点是使年轻人为参与民主做好准备。
因此,正确答案为选项C。
真题二:Passage 2【题目】What does the author suggest about the Great Depression?【选项】A)It led to a decrease in private donations to charities.B)It revealed the flaws in existing social welfare programs.C)It resulted in government provision of welfare services.D)It caused a shift in the responsibility for welfare services from the federal government to state governments.【解析】选项A)导致私人慈善捐款减少。
考研英语2024阅读理解历年真题分析近年来,考研英语的阅读理解部分一直是考生备战的重点和难点。
为了帮助考生更好地应对考试,本文将对2024年历年真题进行分析,希望能在备考过程中给予一定的指导和启发。
题目一:Passage 1One of the odd things about America is that even its most illustrious persons, artists, scientists, etc., become popular heroes as the result of their work. Europe does not have that tradition concerning intellectuals. The average American thinks that to be an intellectual he must understand nothing, and then write a book about it. Here a philosopher gets as much advertising as a politician gets in Europe, and the adulation(盛赞)he receives is well deserved.46. According to the passage, Europe differs from America in that_______.A) it has more intellectualsB) it has no tradition concerning intellectuals becoming popular heroesC) it understands well how intellectuals contribute to societyD) it has a higher regard for politicians根据文章内容,美国有一个特殊的传统,即知识分子在通过他们的工作成为知名人物后,会成为社会的英雄。
英语专八考试历年阅读理解练习及答案详解英语专八考试历年阅读理解练习及答案详解天才就是这样,终身劳动,便成天才!以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的.英语专八考试历年阅读理解练习及答案详解,希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短,超过10个词要扣分。
专八英语阅读理解实例解析专八英语阅读理解实例解析2018life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专八英语阅读理解实例解析2018,希望能给大家带来帮助!The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was onc e the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days could n’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new andhideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1. The best title for this passage is ___________[A] tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations. [B] Tourism is tiresome. [C] Conducted tour is dull.[D] tourism really does something to one’s country.2. What is the author’s attitude toward tourism? [A] apprehensive. [B] negative. [C] critical. [D] appreciative.3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?[A] silent. [B] noisy. [C] lively. [D] active.4. The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out ___________ [A] conducted tour is disappointing. [B] the way of touring should be changed.[C] when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception. [D] national stereotypes should be changed.5. What is ‘grand tour’ now?[A] moderate cost.[B] local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization. [C] people enjoy the first-rate comforts. [D] everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.Vocabulary1. superb 卓越的,杰出的,第一流的2. moderate 中庸的,中等的,适度的3. grand tour 大旅行,指旧时英国富家子弟教育中,到欧洲大陆观光的旅行,为学业必经阶段。
Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness. 59. Substances abuse (line 5, paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that ________. (A) substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used (B) drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakers (C) alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine (D) many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous 60. The word pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean ________. (A) widespread (B) overwhelming (C) piercing (D) fashionable 61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________. (A) uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time (B) exclusive use of them for social purposes (C) quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases (D) careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms 62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________. (A) stimulants function positively on the mind (B) hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health (C) depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances (D) the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups 答案及试题解析 59.(D)意为:除海洛因或可卡因外,许多其他物质也是有害的。
英语专业八级阅读真题解析Section 1: Passage AnalysisIn this section, we will analyze the main points and ideas presented in the given passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and PhrasesNext, we will explore the vocabulary and phrases used in the passage. This section aims to provide a better understanding of the text.Section 3: Grammar and SyntaxIn this section, we will focus on the grammatical structures and sentence patterns used throughout the reading passage. Understanding these aspects will help improve comprehension and language proficiency.Section 4: Inference and DeductionHere, we will analyze the author's intentions and make deductions based on the information provided in the passage. This section aims to enhance critical thinking skills.Section 5: Organization and CoherenceThis section will examine the overall organization and coherence of the passage. We will discuss how the ideas are presented and connected to ensure a smooth flow of information.Section 6: Cultural and Historical ContextNext, we will explore any cultural or historical references mentioned in the passage. Understanding the context will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the text.Section 7: Summary and ConclusionFinally, we will summarize the key points discussed in the passage and draw a conclusion based on the information provided. This section aims to consolidate the main ideas presented.Please note that the above sections are just an example of how this article can be structured. You can adjust the format and headings based on your specific requirements. Remember to maintain a clean and visually appealing layout throughout the article.。
The giant Mirafiori plant in Turin is the heart of Fiat Auto, the troubled car division of the Fiat group. As the early shift trooped home at 2pm on October 9th, the mood was pessimistic. The workers knew that the bosses were meeting union leaders later that afternoon in Rome to announce 8,100 job cuts across the group's car factories. This is on top of 3,000 job losses announced earlier this year. Workers expect one-third of Mirafiori's 12,000 employees to be gone by next July. Fiat says that all but 500 of the total are temporary lay-offs, to last about a year. But the morose workers passing through Mirafiori's gates doubt that the jobs will ever come back, whatever the firm says about new models and future investment. Fiat Auto will lose around 1 billion ($987m) this year, wiping out profits in other parts of the group, which makes everything from lorries and tractors to robots. Fiat's bosses have been in denial for years about the company's massive over-capacity, the cause of growing losses as sales slumped. Five years ago Fiat Auto made 2.6m cars a year and profits of 758m. Since then it has recorded a loss in every year bar one. This year it will produce barely 1.9m cars. Its banks forced a restructuring in May, and the chief executive of its Fiat group parent had to resign a few weeks later. The pain is bad enough in northern Italy, where unemployment is barely 4%, but it will be felt more elsewhere. The Termini Imerese plant in Sicily is to lay off 1,800 workers. Unions say that cuts among suppliers could double the number of people hit. The local official jobless rate is already 18% (though this ignores a lively “informal” economy)。
考研英语阅读真题历年实例解读(八)提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础,要做到这一点,一定要学会精读,以历年真题为依托,仔细研究每个句子,日积月累,坚持百日,相信会有很大的提升。
下面凯程考研带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题,从成分到词汇及这你翻译,帮助大家打好基础,提升综合能力,大家抓紧学起来。
( 2009年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第2段第2句)But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel连词主语谓语宾语从句时间状语从句paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.宾语从句定语从句译文:但是从事大脑研究的人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新习惯时,也在脑中建立起平行的路径,甚至生成全新的脑细胞;这些路径和脑细胞能使我们的思路跳转到新的、具有创造性的轨道上去。
分析:本句是一个复合句,宾语从句中包含一个时间状语从句和一个定语从句。
主干是…brain researchers have discovered that…,由that引导的宾语从句的主干部分是主谓宾结构:we(主语)+ create(谓语)+ parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells(宾语),后面是由that 引导的一个定语从句,修饰的是先行词paths和brain cells。
【词汇解析】conscience ['kɔnʃəns](n.)良心,良知;道德心(CET-4)(con-共同,sci-词根,知道,ence-名词后缀→世人所“共知”、所应具备的东西——即“良心,良知;道德心”。
) 4个派生词:●conscious ['kɔnʃəs](adj.)神志清醒的,有知觉的;意识到的,觉察到的(CET-4)(2005年-阅读3、2013年-阅读1)(该词是conscience的形容词形式;其中,consci=conscience-良心,ous-充满的→人心存“良心”、不犯浑的——即“神志清醒的,有知觉的”,引申为“意识到的,觉察到的”。
)●consciously ['kɔnʃəsli](adv.)神志清醒地,有知觉地;有意识地(ɡRE词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(ly-副词后缀)●unconscious [ʌn'kɔnʃəs](adj.)不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的(CET-4)(2005年-阅读3、2009年-阅读1)(un-否定)●unconsciously [ʌn'kɔnʃəs](adv.)不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的,不知不觉的(CET-4)(2012年-阅读1)(ly-副词后缀)parallel ['pærəlel](adj.)平行的(n.)平行线;相似处(CET-4)(2005年-阅读2、2009年-阅读1、2013年-阅读4)(para-前缀,超,外;旁边,ll-两条线,el-后缀→在彼此旁边、永不相碰、永不相交的两条线——即“平行的、平行线”,引申为“相似处”。
)innovation [,inəu'veiʃən](n.)改革,创新;新方法;新事物(CET-6、考研词汇)(2009年-阅读1、2009年-阅读4、2012年-阅读3)(in-进入,nov=new-新的,ation-名词后缀→进入全新发展的状态——即“改革,创新”,引申为“新方法”和“新事物”。
)2个派生词:●innovative [,inəu'veitiv](adj.)改革的,创新的(超纲词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(ive-的)●innovativeness ['inəuveitivnəs](n.)创新性(2012年-阅读2)(ness-名词后缀)( 2009年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 4 第2段第1句)To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’theological主语谓语宾语innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect.宾语同位语定语从句译文:以这种方式研究新英格兰人,常常意味着要从这些清教徒的神学改革以及他们对教会的独特见解入手,而这些都是不容我们忽视的重要主题。
分析:本句的主语是To take this approach to the New Englanders,谓语动词为means,不定式to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church为宾语。
破折号之后的important subjects…是innovations与ideas的同位语,用来补充说明innovations与ideas,之后紧跟的是由that引导的定语从句,用来解释说明先行词subjects。
【词汇解析】approach [ə'prəutʃ](v./n.)接近,靠近(n.)途径,方法(CET-4)(2009年-阅读1、2009年-阅读4、2011年-阅读3)(ap-加强语气,pro-向前,ach=reach-到达,伸出手→向前伸出手、到达——即“接近,靠近”,引申为“途径,方法”。
因为,“接近、靠近”目标的过程就是在沿着一条正确的“途径”不断前进的过程。
)theology [θi'ɔlədʒi](n.)神学;宗教理论,宗教体系(ɡRE词汇)(the-词根,神,oloɡy-学说→神学——引申为“宗教理论,宗教体系”。
1个派生词:●theoloɡical[,θi:ə'lɔdʒikəl](adj.)神学的;研究神学的(ɡRE词汇)(2009年-阅读4)(ical-形容词后缀)innovation [,inəu'veiʃən](n.)改革,创新;新方法;新事物(CET-6、考研词汇)(2009年-阅读1、2009年-阅读4、2012年-阅读3)(in-进入,nov=new-新的,ation-名词后缀→进入全新发展的状态——即“改革,创新”,引申为“新方法”和“新事物”。
)2个派生词:●innovative [,inəu'veitiv](adj.)改革的,创新的(超纲词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(ive-的)●innovativeness ['inəuveitivnəs](n.)创新性(2012年-阅读2)(ness-名词后缀)随着天气渐渐转凉,秋季的脚步临近,考研人告别酷热的8月,在不知不觉中进入到秋季强化阶段。
在这一关键时期,不论从身心上还是复习备考,考生都进入了疲惫时期,因此一定要学会适当调节自己的情绪,考研人从不言放弃。
凯程考研特为广大学子推出2016考研秋季集训、专业课一对一、精品网课、vip1对1、系列备考专题,针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析,欢迎各位考生了解咨询。
同时,凯程考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂,足不出户就可以边听课边学习,为大家的考研梦想助力!凯程教育:凯程考研成立于2005年,国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导,由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成,为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯;凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来,前程万里;信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿;使命:完善全新的教育模式,做中国最专业的考研辅导机构;激情:永不言弃,乐观向上;敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班:在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素,考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。
判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程,都不是由一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合的结果。
还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。
凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。
而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向,欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史:必须对该专业深刻理解,才能深入辅导学员考取该校。
在考研辅导班中,从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人,清华经管金融硕士10人,人大金融硕士15个,中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人,北师大教育学7人,会计硕士保录班考取30人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程,法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元,更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。
在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学员经验谈视频特别多,都是凯程战绩的最好证明。
对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说,凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的,大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大,竞争激烈,没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。
最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史:机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素,历史越久,积累的人脉资源更多。
例如,凯程教育已经成立10年(2005年),一直以来专注于考研,成功率一直遥遥领先,同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。