科技类：
1.思考能力因技术退化As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
64.人脑永远比机器高级The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.
101.技术创新偏离了学习Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
43.加速的生活节奏造成问题The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. （类1、26）
26.现代生活的奢侈和便利阻止人们独立坚强The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
109.科学更好地了解世界VS复杂化Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.
91.技术进步为提高效率The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.
132.技术减少VS方便交流Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.
23.政府应当少干预科学研究Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. （类比7题）
36/72/131政府不应资助研究结果不明确的科研Governments should not fund any scientific research whose
consequences are unclear.
131.研究者不应把研究局限于马上能出实际效果的领域Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.
Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
119.研究应关注能造福于大多数人的领域Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.
56.许多重大发现都是偶然Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.
政治类：
4.丑闻的作用Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
44/75/84.媒体审视使名誉受损Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.
Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
8/11/149.掌权者应五年内下台.Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.
Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
16. 政治领袖让步于民意还是坚持原则Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential
quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. 50/115政府官员应遵从自己判断还是绝对民意Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.（类16）
86.政府官员应代表人民意志VS基于自己判断行事Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.
139.重大决策应交由政治家和政府专家Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.
Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
18.质疑权威加强社会健康The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.
19.政府应该解决当下问题还是未来Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.
28/113/121/127/145.国家伟大与否在统治者、艺术家、科学家成就VS人民公共福利The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
22/122.了解社会的最佳方式是研究模范Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.
Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.
85.社会发展取决于整体发展VS个体幸福Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.
94/147.判断领导水平看该国人民幸福水平The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.
60.政客应追求共识而不是飘渺理想Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.
151.Some people claim that the goal of politics should be the pursuit of an ideal. Others argue that the goal should be finding common ground and reaching reasonable consensus.（60相反）
104/107.公务员想成为领导者必须保持最高伦理和道德标准To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
＊62. 使命造就领导者Leaders are created by the de mands that are placed on them.
123.培养领导者需合作精神VS竞争精神The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.
128/123.Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
69.政客保留信息vs公众知情权Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.
114.领导者受流行观点影响，一事无成.Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
教育和学习
3/35/137. 劝阻学生不要选择不可能成功的领域Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade
students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
6/14/96/116学习统一课程A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
12.学费免除Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
25.提供免费高等教育Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.（同12）
13/46/102/112学习本专业外多种课程Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.
70.同上学习多种课程Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the
student's major field of study.
Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
140.学习多种课程VS找工作相关课程Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.
142.大学应明确必修课，取消选修课Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
143.任何研究都应融合领域外知识No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.
73.要求教职员工学习学术界之外的东西Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
54.学习虚构文学课程In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
15/135.鼓励学生选择高收入专业Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
17.正式教育限制思考Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.
20.选专业考虑兴趣天分还是找工作Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
32/129.大学生应基于找工作选专业College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.（类20）
98.鼓励学生选将来好找工作的专业Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
39.鼓励大学生选择感兴趣的专业而不是找工作College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.
24/52.最好的教育是赞扬积极、忽视消极The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
29.类似24 The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
30/83.教师收入取决于学生学术表现Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.
37.早期开发有天赋的孩子Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.
40/90.设计课程应考虑学生兴趣Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.
Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
47/40.开设学生想上的课Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.（类40）
42.质疑精神Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.
45.追求高分限制学习质量Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.
45/138.高分利弊论Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.
48.先学习概念、观点再教授事实Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
92.学生学的好坏不在于对事实本身的掌握Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.
58.学习靠自律Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.
68.教育是解放还是限制思想和心灵？Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.
81/95.要求所有家长参加孩子的学校活动All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.
82/97/124.大学至少要求学生出国一个学期Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
文化和艺术
7.政府资助艺术的利弊Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
80.因为饥饿，政府应延缓对艺术的资助Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.
88.同80Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their
citizens are hungry or unemployed.
Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.
55.艺术品的普适性In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
77.了解当代文化的最有效方式是分析年轻人的潮流The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.
历史类：
57.研究历史发现不同时代人之间无天壤之别The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion
that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.
74/133/134.了解过去不能帮助人们在当下做重要决定Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.
Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
119.是否保护历史建筑When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.
法律类：
21.法律应该足够灵活Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.
65.遵循公平的法律，违抗不公平的法律Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.
89.法律不能改变人心Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.
城市发展：
2.要了解社会特征，需研究主要城市To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.
5/117民族文化传统在城市里产生.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.
Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
环境类：
10/125/148.荒地保护VS开发Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.
31.只拯救因人类活动而濒危的物种Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.
63.拯救濒危动植物无用论There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.
67/63.拯救濒危物种Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.
130/150.企业责任：改善环境VS赚钱Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
152.解决城镇中由消费垃圾导致的环境问题是令城镇对住户的垃圾数量加以限制The best way to solve environmental problems caused by consumer-generated waste is for towns and cities to impose strict limits on the amount of trash they will accept from each household.
行为类
11.人的行为取决于外力People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
33.知识日益丰富，事情更加复杂As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,
but more complex and mysterious.
34.进步需要不同观点的碰撞In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.
49/76.从观点一致的人身上比观点不同的学到的多Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.
Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. （类34）
79/146.判断一个观点好坏看是否能说服持相反观点的人Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
66.观点的忠实拥趸也是最激烈的批判者People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.
*108/110.专家的批判性判断才有用Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
38.根据所处社会团体定位自己It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.
78.人们观点态度更多取决于所处环境而非整体People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.
41.人是否伟大应由后人评定The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
51/71.追求长期目标还是眼前名誉Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
*144.成功源于目标True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.
141.在信念上妥协比坚持更有害It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them. 53.为达目标能否不择手段If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
61.考虑过后果后再采取危险行动People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.
87.事实信息是不准确的Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.
Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
93.创造表象比事实更重要Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
103. 最好的想法来自于对普通事物的强烈兴趣The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.
105.想象力比经验更有价值Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.
Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
*106/126.想象力比知识更重要In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
9.过去成就影响现在In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
27. 在任何研究领域，新手>专家In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make
important contributions.
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CPO BOX 110 SEOUL KOREA-------受益人 Currency Code, Amount 32B USD 1,146,725.04-------信用证总额 Available with...by... 41D ANY BANK BY NEGOTIATION-------呈兑方式任何银行议付 有的信用证为ANY BANK BY PAYMENT, 些两句有区别, 第一个为银行付款后无追索权, 第二个则有追索权就是有权限要回已付给你的钱 Drafts at 42C 45 DAYS AFTER SIGHT-------见证45天内付款 Drawee 42D BANK OF CHINA LIAONING BRANCH-------付款行 Partial Shipments 43P NOT ALLOWED---分装不允许 Transhipment 43T NOT ALLOWED---转船不允许 Shipping on Board/Dispatch/Packing in Charge at/ from 44A RUSSIAN SEA----- 起运港 Transportation to 44B DALIAN PORT, P.R.CHINA -----目的港 Latest Date of Shipment 44C 990913--------最迟装运期 Description of Goods or Services: 45A
大学英语作文万能模板（各类型） 对比观点题型(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1( 有一些人认为... 2( 另一些人认为... 3( 我的看法... The topic of -----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, -------------理由二). Moreover, ---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ----------------(我的观点). The reason is that --------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ----------------(观点一). For example, they think -----------------(举例说明)(And it will bring them -----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, -----------------(反
教育类： 第1组：通才VS专才 （6，14，96，116） A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。 （13，46，70，102，112，140） Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。 （24，29，52） The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。 37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents. 社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。 54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。 （82，97，100，124） Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. 学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少留学一个学期。 142 Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. 结论：为了给学生提供一个明确的方向，学院和大学应该指定所有的必修课程，移除选修课程。 原因：和大众一样，大学生更喜欢按部就班，不喜欢自己做决定。
英语四级作文万能模板及范文（多种版） Argumentation型 1）some, others, I 型 （1）模版一 There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _________ (主题). Some people hold the idea that __________ _____________ (观点A). A case in point is that _____________ ________________ (支持观点A的例子). On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, ______________ (观点B). The most typical example is that __________ (支持观点B的例子). Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclin ed to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is m ore convincing. （2）模版二 ___________ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. T he attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Som e people tend to ______________ when they are asked ______ ___________ (观点A) because _______________________ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that ______________
EDUCATION Choosing the fields of study Topics ?Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. ?Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. ?Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. ?College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. ?College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. Samples ?Should educators provide students with a set of ideas or with job preparation? (GRE CAT Answers P.88) ?Are people free to choose a career? (GRE CAT Answers P.101) ?Should education devote itself to enriching our personal lives? (GRE CAT Answers P.173) ? The same national curriculum
G R E i s s u e写作之自己 总结的万能例子 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
Renaissance For example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile. Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history. Genetic engineering 迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所 有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。事实上，所有用于治疗 糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛 素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。基因工程技术使得许多植物具 有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分 之一的玉米都是转基因的。目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物 已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长， 也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾
Issue 题目逻辑公式全集
目录 一、主题逻辑：N>M (3) 二、主题逻辑：N 对 M 有影响 (6) 三、主题逻辑：N 应该对 M 做某事 (10) 四、主体逻辑：N 应该做 M (12) 五、主体逻辑：N 是 M (16)
高频题目总结 一、主题逻辑：N>M 常见拆分方式：领域拆分 N 和M 哪个重要，有两种处理方式： 1.N 和M 不一样大，N or M 随便选一个进行领域拆分 2.N = M 很多题目中，都是我们应该做N 还是做M？一旦涉及到了这种两难的选择，就是在论证N 和M 到底谁好，就是变相的比大小 1.觉得好写，我们就直接比出N 和M 的大小 2.觉得不好写，我们就求证N=M 科技类题目 64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. 科技类题目我们一般不拆machine 和technology，所以这道题目我们拆human mind。 我们有情感、能力但是机器没有
社会类题目 4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 丑闻和演说家哪个更有用呢？我们需要在不同领域对丑闻和演说家进行比较哦 19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. 眼前的问题和未来的问题哪个重要呢（可以一样重要，也可以其中一个更重要） 在不同领域，对眼前和未来的问题进行比较 43./89. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 快节奏的生活到底是解决的问题多，还是处理的问题多（要在不同领域进行比较哦） 33./109. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. 知识让事情更容易理解，还是复杂呢？ 在不同的领域比较知识的力量（心理，疾病、历史等都可以） 28./85./113./120./121./127./145. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. A of B 中，B 是主体，对great nation 下定义（伟大的国家还有国际责任） 领导人的成就和福利待遇谁更重要（N=M 比较好写，但是如果大家会，N>M 也可以哦） 27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 领域拆分，在不同领域，将新人和专家进行比较 93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. 不同领域，到底是表象重要，还是本质重要 105./106./126. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.
Renaissance For example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile. Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history. Genetic engineering 迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。 诚然，仍有许多基因的功能及其协同工作的方式不为人类所知，但想到利用基因工程可使番茄具有抗癌作用、使鲑鱼长得比自然界中的大几倍、使宠物不再会引起过敏，许多人便希望也可以对人类基因做类似的修改。毕竟，胚胎遗传病筛查、基因修复和基因工程等技术不仅可用于治疗疾病，也为改变诸如眼睛的颜色、智力等其他人类特性提供了可能。比如，运用此技术，可使患儿的父母生一个和患儿骨髓匹配的孩子，然后再通过骨髓移植来治愈患儿。 So far, genetic engineering has not been used in human, but it has achieved successful experiment in almost all the objects on non-human life--from bacteria to livestock already. In fact, all the insulin treatment for diabetes come from a kind of bacteria which can be inserted into a human genes to make copies of insulin by bacteria oneself. Genetic engineering technology makes many plants have the disease-resistant ability and herbicide, In the USA, about half of soybean and a quarter of corn is genetically modified. At present, whether the transgenic plants used in agriculture has become the focus of debate, transgenic supporters think: the agricultural is faster to growth, and easier to contain more nutrition (even medicine), to help slow down worldwide famine and disease, But opponents argued, introducing new genes into agricultural will occur side effects, especially destroy the environment. Advantage: Admittedly, ethicist rejected the innovative development of genetic engineering because,
***ISSUE题目类型分类*** 一、概括性陈述类： 1、直接表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：94 2, 6-9, 11, 13-17, 20-22, 24-28, 30-34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 55, 59-61, 63-68, 70-72, 74-76, 81, 84-89, 92-94, 96-104, 106-117, 119-127, 130, 132, 134-136, 2、对概括性陈述进行解释后，表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：7 4, 32, 56, 58, 77, 79, 83, 3、对概括性陈述的正确性或有效性进行判断，给出论据进行阐述：7 12, 18, 35, 38, 52, 57, 80, 4、特殊问法类型：6 29: 进行解释后，判断是否值得遵循，同2类 50: 判断是否是有效的方法，如果不是应该采取那些其他的方法？ 53: 从客户角度论述“用户友好”和“用户不友好” 73: 判断是否是好的建议，给出论据进行阐述，同1类 62, 82：同1类 二、两类进行比较类：23 3, 5, 10, 19, 23, 37, 40, 43, 46, 48, 69, 78, 90, 95, 105, 118, 128, 129, 131, 133, 138-140, 三、“是否”做某事类：2 1, 137 ***ISSUE题目专题分类*** 一、Environmental Protection & Energy Protection: 6 1、responsibility for preserving the natural environment: 13 responsibility for preventing environmental damage: 47 2、the way to preserve environment: 41 3、the response to suspected environmental hazards: (1) in light of company: 42 (2) in light of government: 92 4、energy protection and international corporation: 2 二、Architecture: 4 1、architecture as the reflections of societal values and attitudes: 16, 83, 97, 2、the historic value of older buildings: 78 三、Mass media, Information, and Entertainment: 5 1、whether the growth of mass media is good or not: 139 2、how to obtain the information efficiently and wisely: 108 3、the restriction: (1) censorship of radio and TV programs: 1 (2) regulate children's access to adult material on the internet: 15 4、whether popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests: 54
Issue题目难点(是非论证的文章) 1审题先熟悉题库中文意思 2内容不考内容背景，考逻辑分析能力 3语言标准书面语 三类难题：哲学类道德伦理文化文学只能放掉一类题目不用准备新G取消二选一该考为30分钟 按主题分类：纵向比较分类题库 1防止跑题 2★合并类似题目（新G改革要求1更加具体的细节深度>广度>范度2不能雷同）两道题的论点相似其论据论证过程可以相互使用 简易评分要求0-3分：审题和结构3-4.5分：论证过程Reasoning 4.5-6分：语言 多看6分文章不要模仿6分以下的文章 中心观点不能完全赞成或完全反对要从正反两方面论证 审题四步走 1中心观点在题目中寻找关键词主体词—确定主题（名词句子的主干）确定中心观点 限定词（adj adv 定语从句状语从句）用于确定论证角度（少数抽象题目没有限定词）2中心观点的分支观点现在将来问题有是非两个方面开头结尾是中心观点段中间4段（T+ T- F+ F-）3?分支观点的理由找限定词写issue 不要走向极端，要看整体框架 4 论据evidence 每一个分支观点理由------→分支论据归纳演绎方式观点论据比1：3---1：4---1：5 带到生活场景中去-----看题库本身 弊端：1斟词酌句浪费时间Issue看整体不看局部 Issue入门要求：先用基本单词练习关键是思路（下托福高频词表）先写再修改一气呵成不要写写停停 2临时找思路边想边写把能准备的尽量全准备 3临时发挥应用分类提纲事先准备 Step2先整理分类提纲-----整理单个提纲
Step3如何写分类提纲：先找主体词限定词---再归纳p11 是非两方面 分支观点理由—-限定词 论据善于归纳eg. 技术进步的3大种例子1交通2通讯交流（交流与人类的关系）3自动化 如何展开分析：演绎要展开包装---学术化 ★Issue的写作核心：具体问题具体分析的是非论证★ Step4 综上400-600字文章--→20-30个长句复杂句 Issue 作文的结构 开头段2-3句话提出中心句------结尾段2-3句话得出结尾句 中间展开部分1 TTF 大正小负2TFF大负小正3TF 平衡结构正文第一段都是先写正的先继承再批判（先扬后抑） 6-7句话写每段的主题句---过渡句（并列递进转折） 模板：1逻辑性的目标（迎合软件评分表准）2 写作习惯 模板包括：1 结构固定2 1 开头段的中心句1位置要求---每一个位置用什么句型做什么用End focus开头段末句中心观点 错误一：用问句结束开头（而要有明确的回答） 错误二：做报告式的开头The issue that lies in two points 2用何种句型写中心句：1 正反论证结构或有倾向的（TTF 大正小负TFF大负小正）用让步语气 2 平衡结构也可用平衡让步结果前后同等重要 The issue that calls for balance in which there are both A and B(现在将来感性理性正负两观点均可蓝色部分不可雷同同时使用) 2 开头段的写法╳B+P 背景+立场层层铺垫---铺垫型的罗嗦开头讲义P38 ╳E+P 例子+立场讲义P42
新GRE_Issue题库——带编号 This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test. 1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the
英文名词翻译 第一章 国际结算导论 international settlement 美国CHIPS 系统：纽约清算银行同业支付系统 英国CHAPS 系统: 清算所自动支付体系 布鲁塞尔SWIFT 系统： 环球银行金融电讯协会 (Critical Point for Delivery) 交货临界点 (Critical Point for Risk) 风险临界点 (Critical Point for Cost)费用临界点 《国际贸易术语解释通则》 Incoterms2000 visible trade :有(无)形贸易 (representative office) 代表处 ( agency office)代理处 （overseas sister bank /branch,subbranch ）海外分/支行 （correspondent bank ） 代理银行 （subsidiary bank ）附属银行（子银行） （affiliated banks ） 联营银行 （consortium bank ）银团银行 甲行以乙国货币在乙行设立帐户: 甲行是往帐（Nostro a/c),即我行在你行设帐（Our a/c with you ） 乙行以甲国货币在甲行设立帐户 甲行是来帐（V ostro a/c),即你行在我行设帐（Your a/c with us ） 在银行实际业务中，增加使用“贷记”（To Credit ），减少使用“借记”（To Debit ） 第二章 票据Instrument drawer 出票人 drawee/payer 付款人 payee 收款人 endorser 背书人 endorsee 被背书人 holder in due course 善意持票人 acceptor 承兑人 guarantor 保证人 bill of exchange 汇票 mandatory elements issue 出票 endorsement 背书 presentation 提示 acceptance 承兑 payment 付款 dishonor 拒付 recourse 追索 guarantee 保证 限制性抬头 restrictive order (pay E company only)(pay E company not transferable) 指示性抬头 demonstrative order (pay to the order of B company)(pay to B company or order) 持票来人抬头 payable to bearer (pay to bearer)(pay to A company or bearer) UCP600：《跟单信用证统一惯例》 URC 522 ;《托收统一规则》 URDG458：《见索即付保函统一规则》 URR 525：《跟单信用证项下银行间偿付统一规则》 URCB524：《合同保函统一规则》
高考英语作文万能模板（通用范文） 一、图表作文框架 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/cha rt,作文题目的议题has been on rise/decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dram atically/steadily rising/decreasing from______in_______to______in_____.From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the chart,it goes without saying that________. There are at least two good reasons accounting for_____.On the one hand,______.On th e other hand,______is due to the fact that________.In addition,_______is responsible for____ ___.Maybe there are some other reasons to show________.But it is generally believed that th e above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that_______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 二、书信作文模板 Your address Month,Date,year Receiver's address Dear…, I am extremely pleased to hear from you.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____. …… I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, X X X 三、话题作文
G R E I S S U E正式分类 表,终于出炉了
EDUCATION Choosing the fields of study Topics ?Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. ?Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. ?Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. ?College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. ?College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. ?Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. Samples ?Should educators provide students with a set of ideas or with job preparation? (GRE CAT Answers P.88) ?Are people free to choose a career? (GRE CAT Answers P.101)?Should education devote itself to enriching our personal lives? (GRE CAT Answers P.173) ?