ISSUE 分类题库

Issue 题库先提正再提反因人因题合反散（三选一）1.因果类-because：再提反step 1:这个因果关系推理中原因是否成立step 2：假设原因成立，能否推出结果2.建议类-sb should/must do sth to have/do sth or for a purpose3.是非类-sth/sb is good/bad/worthwhile……4.定义类-下定义(单纯的下定义与结合式下定义)5.事实类问题：1.具体情况：ways2.反击对立观点：address challenge3.考虑建议的例子：recommendation, 建议好坏都写出来not be advantageous4.逻辑分析链：claim reason5.观选择：some people others both6.推演政策结果：policy consequencesClaim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Major cities must receive the financial support from governments in order to thrive=complete honesty is not a useful virtueReason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated=to tell the truth all the time.政治家有时候不得不避免说出事实（reason）但这并不意味着诚实对政治家来说是一种不必要的品德（claim）城市中国家的文化传统我们是需要出经费进行保护以及发扬，但这并不意味着大城市需要依靠政府财政支持才可以获得繁荣Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.正:反：1.大城市不一定有cultural2.大城市人多，文化不一定统一不好保存3.大城市的繁荣不一定需要政府的财政支持4.偷换概念：城市中传统文化的保留与发展偷换成需要政府的财政支持5.以整体来形容局部的特征：已普遍的城市来特质大城市(删)大城市人多没办法形成一个较为统一的传统，其他地方发展的程度慢些人员流动性慢些很容易保留传统文化。

Issue 熟悉题库教育类谁来教育133、父母社会参与学校的教育202、教育是私事与中小学无关教育方法193、奇才怪才早培养免得后来跟不上208、教育的好方法鼓励好的无视坏的210、学校减少让学生选择的机会212、在隔绝中学习，不受功利干扰133、（批判）学生应该一直以批判的方式学习193、（批判）挑战固然重要，但合作精神也不可少教育内容（学什么）：14专修某一学科19上大学不如自学30、教授在外打工跟上时代31、教育只有满足每个学生的兴趣和需要才有意义。

47、大学生参加社会服务使教育全面58、学校教人际关系可消除冲突60即使没兴趣也得学习科学70学感兴趣的而不是好找工作的74、知识重要但是选修各种课程79学流行文化而不是古典文化86、是否影响学习都要一门道德课92逻辑推理能力PK自身情绪教育112科学人文社会学不存在交叉114、思维敏捷口齿伶俐应与信仰相伴181、教育给学生价值标准想法，而不是具体工作229不管哪里大学前统一课程大学设置12、不管哪科教师薪金待遇一样33、大学免费政府买单35、分数限制教育质量80、没有分数更好教育宗旨82、好坏不论教育修正观念84、正规教育筛选文化好留坏去108、正规教育禁锢学生思想教育与社会110、没教会孩子怎样建设好社会203、孤立教育过时，要高目标来培养政治类政治道德4、当权者小心节制的使用权利最有效23、杰出领导者要有最高的伦理道德149、政治与道德两码事175、政治不求道德而是共同与一致204、审查没有公正的政府与人民24、政府应该自我判断而不是人民决断59、决策权应交给专家而不是百姓85、好政府可以容忍人民的挑战88、政府活动完全公开通过电子设备147、政治家不可能坦白232、政治人要向人民隐瞒信息政府与行业25、政府不应资助结果不明的科学研究36、政府应解决当务之急而不是将来预期49、政府少限制科学62、政府不应该管博物馆的陈列63、政府应该保持一些荒芜的土地65、政府资助艺术会威胁其完整性81、政府应该资助艺术家让所有人享受到艺术政治生活77、政治活动影响人们的方方面面103、生活点滴反映政治信仰社会类120、伟大的社会？过往精英当代与未来16、伟大是由后人评定56、伟人超越时代152、真理开始让人/权威难以容忍224、社会不把思想家当回事100、回首过往对现代生活没有帮助当下精英问题9、公众人物应该明白会暴露隐私41、荣誉暗示社会推崇精英50、五年让位更新保持领导活力132、公司人的责任是合法的赚钱140、成功leader 要坚守原则个体与集体2、小团体还是社会塑造我们的态度20、研究成就是兴趣达成而非社会贡献57、求个人主义不如为群体服务更让人满足93、定位社会团体来定位自身106、成功是自定目标而非社会评价150、求自己兴趣人造福国家而非为大众谋利的人243、社会繁荣在单个成员的基础上个体与整体3、现代技术使人们关注细节而不是全局21、非主流科学填补主流的空白52、主要城市代表社会特点69、责任成就英雄（时势造英雄）73、强制力产生个人责任28、历史研究应多数人民大众而非少数精英151、老百姓的福利是国家体现而非成功人士183、了解英雄了解社会233、如果科学只影响少数人那就是无用的（科学要普及）198、任何艺术作品都应让大众了解当下与未来129、吸引游客参观来保护环境173、社会变化比政治热点更有意义226、花钱在当下社会问题而非长期研究244、国家应为孩子而非大人服务竞争与合作17、竞争弊多利少26、社会应灌输合作意识而非竞争45、人们被鼓励发现差异忽视了相似178、社会应鼓励个人差异而非统一227、竞争对社会利多弊少现代生活又爱又恨38、生活节奏快弊多利少113、既抱怨生活又没有其他选择165、丑闻有用在于让人注意某事240、认为奢华与便利不好但还离不开外表与本质13、外表比内容更重要27、社会对智力不重视权威问题122、质疑权威使社会繁荣学习类学习方法161、学术方法是个性的产物209、学习某科最好小范围深入而非大范围了解独立学习22、学习不要孤立而要小组合作39、与其模仿别人不如独立思考153、创新是从来没有的还是老瓶新酒197、了解他人成果以便原创成功102、知识来自观点不同的人207、学者要无视既定理论来保鲜225、意见相同学到的多学科交流各司其所科学解惑艺术创新180、学问都是独立思考而非学科交流的产物200、知识专业化使学科间交流减少228、没有学科外的人引入知识，本学科很难发展直接经验与间接经验37、书本的间接经验比实践多97、书本的间接经验比实践多118、失败是成功之母184、直接经验比间接经验好学什么具体知识与抽象理念8、学知识不如学理念概念想象力与知识53、想象力比知识重要144、想象力比知识重要知识与人们157、学习使人们看世界的角度变化，但世界没变159、人们愿意得到结论而非知识知识局限与获取新知72、理解知识的局限与获取新知识同样重要163、知识越多事情越复杂科技类科技与人类10、科技首要目的是提高效率让人休息99、科学要让人的生活改变104、即时通信本应让人休息但却混乱146、技术有益的贡献让人们生活舒适科技与人类思考46、依赖技术造成独立思考能力下降87、即时通信让人匆忙作出决定130、高速通信让思想性交流减少199、大量信息使人们减少深入思考139、人类智慧将永远高于机器科技的缺陷94、技术无法改变人类困境109、科技的作用并非一直积极115、科技引发的环境问题要靠科技解决176、技术虽然解决了问题但也产生了问题科技与传统68、技术决定社会传统道德规范95、逻辑与精确测量让人知道是否进步131、电视让实地旅游下岗135、科技等学习手段使读书不重要213、技术发明提供学习手段但会偏离231、摄像机可以代替书面记录历史类传统与现代127、传统与现代水火不容6、城市中传统建筑与现代建筑研究作用28、历史研究应多数人民大众而非少数精英34、了解历史无助于今日决定83、历史研究只有与现实有联系的才有价值90、历史研究是创造性的而非客观追求105、过去无法预测未来169、被忽视的成就是因为与现在无关201、历史研究让人们看到不同时代人的相同之处文化类43、与异质文化比较才会了解自我文化187、礼节典礼有助于定义文化230、了解年轻人了解当代文化234、主要城市保持文化所以要保证财政支持传媒类18、电视时代读书不如以前重要学到一样多40、媒体与社会错误都认为个人可以代表群体89、广告让人们像里面的人91、电视与广告在消除文化差异、141、人沦为媒体的话题就会名声扫地195、视觉形象冲击导致人们无法集中于一件事上艺术类艺术对社会的作用76、艺术批评家有责任建立艺术评价体系111、艺术作品皆是隐藏社会理念123、艺术家不必太在意评论者，他们是在压制艺术家124、艺术家而不是评论家给社会带来了更有价值的东西艺术与科技138、艺术学科应像主流学科一样受到重视223、文明的价值是反映在艺术上而不是科技上艺术是否有经济价值170、陷入失业时社会不应用公共基金支持艺术190、多数人选择职业按实用考虑国际类96、网络全球化各领域都会从国际影响中受益177、一国的进步安宁是与其他所有国家的联系在一起185、越来越多的信息渠道对于人的学习有害无益235、建立全球大学解决全球棘手问题237、使用小语种国加要防止语言消失法律类154、法律应该因时因地因人而异158、法律可以限制行为但无法改变本性160、道德缺失无法用法律约束241、人们应该遵守正法反抗恶法文学类29、想象文学不是刻板报道事实更有意义238、每个人都要读想象文学行为类5、真正有勇气的人是把复杂的东西简化11、钱花在研究上即使结果不知道也是对的44、多人知道怎样成功少人知道怎样利用成功48、人们经常怀疑专辑即使他们贡献伟大54、与大众交流思想用图片比语言更有效75、团队工作比独立工作更有效79、成功的获得是靠实际，理想化只能被取代107、事实不因愿望喜好情绪而变化116、没有选择的情况少之又少137、纯粹的观察不存在都被预期或喜好左右148、批判性判断除非来自专家不然没有好处164、在掌握足够资料之前建立的理论会导致严重错误188、观察社会众人外贸来认识社会的价值观205、通过比较找共同点，但是有时候要单个看206、人们认为自己的困难比前辈们的难，但是增加的经验可以解决。

教育6 / 14 / 96 / 116 重点一82 / 97 / 100 / 124 重点二15 /20 / 32 /39 /98 / 129/ 135 / 136/140 重点三13 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 112 重点四3 / 35 /137/36/72 重点五40 / 47/90/103重点六24 / 29 / 5212 / 2517 / 6845 / 13851 / 7181 / 95 30 / 83 37、42、58、73、142学习/知识49 / 76/ 118 105/106 / 126 33/109 48/9254、131、143科学技术1、9、59、64、91、101、132行为875631/63/6779 / 14627、34、53、61、78、9366（难）对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

141（难）信仰问题社会问题28 /85/94/ 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 /145/147 重点七8 / 111 / 149 重点八11 / 99 （难）个人行为不由自己决定，而由外界环境。

2、22/122 123/12819、21、43、62、13018（难）质疑权威26（难）奢华便利的生活阻碍人们变得强大和独立。

38（难）人们通过认同社会来定位自己。

144（难）个人成功的标准65（难）遵守公正的法律，违反不公正的89（难）法律与道德政治16/50 / 86 /114/ 115、139 重点八104/107 与其类似10 / 125 / 148 108/110 23、60、69文化41（难）个人的伟大应由后人还是同时代的人评定5/117、77传媒4（难）丑闻的作用44/75/84艺术55（难）艺术作品的价值何在80/88历史57（难）、74/133/134重点十历史研究的价值119一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

千里之行，始于足下。

202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对比及分类整理完全版以下是202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对比及分类整理：1. Education- Issue 1: The best way to teach is to praise positive actionsand ignore negative ones.中文：最好的教学方式是赞扬乐观行为，忽视消极行为。

- Issue 2: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study.中文：高校应要求每个同学修读多种专业以外的课程。

- Issue 3: The primary purpose of education should be to teach critical thinking skills.中文：教育的主要目的应当是教授批判性思维力量。

- Issue 4: Government funding for education should prioritize STEM fields over humanities and social sciences.中文：政府对教育的资助应将重点放在STEM领域，而不是人文社科领域上。

2. Technology- Issue 5: Technology is making people less creative.中文：科技正在减弱人们的制造力。

- Issue 6: Technology is necessary for the future of education.中文：科技对于教育的将来是必不行少的。

- Issue 7: The government should regulate the use of personal technology devices in public places.第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。

相似题目归类如下：3 / 35 /376 / 14 / 96 / 1168 / 111 / 14910 / 125 / 14811 / 9912 / 2513 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 11215 / 32 / 98 / 129 / 135 / 13617 / 6820 / 3922 / 12223 / 36 / 7224 / 29 / 5228 / 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 / 14530 / 8340 / 9044 / 75 / 8445 / 13849 / 76 / 11850 / 86 / 11551 / 7163 / 6774 / 133 / 13479 / 14680 / 8881 / 9582 / 97 / 100 / 124104 / 107106 / 126108 / 110一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

116 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculumuntil they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

人与社会19"If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."1 Admittedly, 个人的成功是不能被忽略的，有个人的成功才能为社会的成功创造成功。

是的成功离不开个人的成功。

如大小斯特劳斯的音乐，如bill的成功给社会带来了成功。

不仅仅是他们的自身的成功，更是社会的成功，给与环境等因素。

社会应该给予个人的发展以足够的重视。

2 如果社会过多重视个人的成功，可能会带来一些麻烦。

如希特勒掌权时，给社会带来了灾难。

3 但是，如果把社会整体的成功盖过个人的成功，可能会影响甚至是扼杀一些新生的力量。

如爱因斯坦的相对论最初是不被接受的，如伽利略的日心说也遭破坏。

舒伯特的音乐在后人才得到认可等。

21"Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."agree1 在科学领域中，创新思想总是受到时代的限制，许多科学家们仍坚持自己的理念与研究，不管外界怎么看待自己的研究，甚至是受到外界的打压于破坏。

如布努诺，爱因斯坦。

2 在艺术领域里，新兴的艺术家们总是很难被接受，如莫奈，舒伯特。

3 在政治领域中，改革者总是受到旧势力的威胁，如林肯、马丁路德金等。

本章附录ISSUE 题目分类、翻译和要点提示将244 道题分为11 类，分别是传媒，国际，教育，科技，历史，社会，文化，行为，学习，艺术和政治，每个类别的题目数如下：传媒：6国际：5教育：35科技：21历史：8社会：47文化：11行为：62学习：21艺术：10政治：18对于一些比较笼统的分类，我们会在讨论写作提纲和例子时，给出更具体的细分，如竞争和合作，过去和现在，个人和整体，权威，学科关系等。

接下来，我们会给出每题不少于5个的写作提纲以及背景知识、例子，希望大家多多参与和多提宝贵意见。

教育类1(5). "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。

国家统一和地区单独安排课程欢迎访问梦之雨工作室: ·25·梦之雨工作室倾情奉献2 ◆GRE 模板式作文◆------------------------------2(32). "A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts."不管在校园外不同领域之间薪水的差异有多大，学校对于所有学科老师的待遇应该是一视同仁的。

GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE前言GRE作文是美国研究生入学考试中重要的组成部分，由于GRE作文在评分中占比较大的比重，因此考生需要在备考之前提前了解GRE作文的题目类型和考察方向，这样才可以有充分的准备和信心面对考试。

本文将为大家介绍GRE作文ISSUE题型，向大家展示常见的考察方向、题目模式以及一些备考建议。

什么是ISSUE题型？ISSUE题型是GRE作文中的一种常见题型，其主要考察考生对于某一主题的立场和看法，并要求考生在文章中提供足够的证据来支撑自己的观点，展示自己的逻辑和论述能力。

ISSUE题型通常包括以下三个要素：•题目陈述：题目会给出一个主观性较强的表述，要求考生就该表述发表自己的看法。

•分析要求：题目会就某一主题提出一系列问题，要求考生就这些问题进行分析。

•思考范围：题目会给出一个主题，要求考生就这一主题从多方面进行思考，并论述自己的观点。

在ISSUE题型中，考生需要将自己的观点和证据清晰表达出来，并表明自己对于该主题的态度和看法，同时，考生需要思考问题全面、立论充分、逻辑合理，并且给出具体和可行的实例。

常见的ISSUE题目类型ISSUE题目的主题比较广泛，测试考生在各种主题下进行思考和立论的能力。

以下列举一些常见的ISSUE题目类型，考生可以在此进行参考和备考，更好地为GRE作文ISSUE题型做好准备。

社会类1.人类生活是否需要个人道德的引导？2.社会上的贫富差距是否应得到重视？3.政府是否应该彻底取消福利制度？4.生育权是否应该在各国间得到保护？5.义务教育是否应该废除？政治类1.民主政治是否是当前的最佳选项？2.政府是否应该介入企业的内部管理？3.政府是否应该对教育进行干预？4.美国还需要维持其全球霸权地位吗？伦理类1.人类是否应该保护和维护环境？2.科技的发展是否应该因为道德原则受到限制？3.是否应该禁止人类克隆？教育类1.各国学生在智力和文化方面是否存在差异？2.在校学生是否应该得到免费的教育？3.考试和考试成绩是否是唯一的衡量学生能力的标准？4.在大学期间能否同时考虑工作和学业？上述问题不仅覆盖了政治、伦理、教育、社会等多个领域，而且这里展示的只是其中的部分，考生在掌握以上基本类型的基础上，需要进一步深入探究题目的推广方向，了解更多的考试内容。

Issue 六种题型全归类1 Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developingand supportingyour position, you shouldconsiderways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how those considerations shape your position.1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of human to think forthemselves will surely deteriorate.2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society , one must study its major cities.9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being stronglyinfluenced by past achievements within that field.11. People 's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.17. Formal education tends to restrains our minds and spirits rather than set them free.18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into trulystrong and independent individuals.27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, orscientists, but by the general welfare of its people.33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complexand mysterious.34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by theircontemporaries.42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of according it passively.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.55. In order for any work of art —for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song —to have merit, itmust be understandable to most people.56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer toone question that we come across the answer to another.57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now aresignificantly different from people who lived in earlier times.58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school orcollege alone.62. Leaders are created by demands that are placed on them.63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts —especially at a great cost inmoney and jobs —to save endangered animal or plant species.64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.66. People who are the most deeply committed to an ideal or policy are also the most critical of it.71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.78. People 's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people 's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from learning.103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.112.Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. 115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.117. It is primarily in cities that a nation 's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whoseviews contradict our own.119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historical buildings.124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.137. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.141. It is more harmful to compromise one 'sown beliefs than to adhere to them.143. No fields of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.146. The best test of argument is the argument 's ability to convince someone with an opposingviewpoint.147. The effectiveness of a country 's leader is best measured by examining the well-being of that country 's citizens.2 Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compellingreasonsand/ or examplesthat could be used to challengeyour position.3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study inwhich they are unlikely to succeed.4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker orreformer ever could.13. Universities should require every students to take a variety of course outside the student 's field ofstudy.15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that willprepare them for lucrative position.29. The best way to teach —whether as an educator, employer, or parent —is to praise positiveactions and ignore negative ones.30. Teachers'salaries should be based on their students 'academic performance.32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjustlaws.84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.94. The effectiveness of a country 's leader is best measured by examining the well-being of thatcounty 's citizens.95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children 's schools.96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they entercollege.97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying ina foreign country.99. People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.111. In any profession —business, politics, education, government —those in power should step down after five year.122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, orother fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rules, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.145. The general welfare of a nation 's people is a better indication of that nation 's greatness than are the achievement of its rules, artists, or scientists.148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.3. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.5. Claim: Government must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a natio n's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.8. Claim: In any field —business, politics, education, government —those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of menand women that the society choose as its heroes or its role mosels. Reason: Heroes and rolemodels reveal a society 's highest ideals.40. Clam: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside thestudent 's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.79. Claim: The best way of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the double and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropriate —and, perhaps, even cruel —to use public resources to fund the arts when people 's basic needs are not being met.89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason:Laws cannot change what is in people 's hearts or minds.105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitude.113. Claim: The surest indicator a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator is actually the welfare of its people.120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation 's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation 's people.131. Claim: Research should not limit their investigation to only those areas in which they expert to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainy.133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more information and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reas on： College stude nts —like people in gen eral —prefer to follow directi ons ratherthan make their own decisions.4. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would orwould not be advantageousand explain how those examples shape your position.6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.36. Governments should not fund any specific research whose consequences are unclear.37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.46. Universities should require every student to take variety of courses outside the student 's field of study.47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic, goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely tobenefit the greatest60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusiveideals.61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children 's schools.82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying ina foreign country.83. Teachers'salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.90. Educators should take students 'interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.92. Educators should based their assessment of students 'learning not on students 'grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.5. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently to particular principle and objectives.20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of study on the available of jobs in that field.67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Othersbelieve that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.69. Some people believe that it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has already revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation id great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.125. Some people claim that a nation 's government should preserve its wilderness area in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.128. Some people argue that successful leader in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willingand able to cooperate with others.130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student 's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.6. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student 's field of study.135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.149. In any field —business, politics, education, government —those in power should be required to step down after five years.。