2015年英语专八真题及答案

（2015专八汉译英答案）茶花(camellia)的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系与白色系等，花色艳丽。

本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源与科研水平，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。

为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会，本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。

此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内200多个茶花品种将陆续亮相。

Camellia’s flowering period starts from December and ends in the next April，and the colors of the flowers are bright and showy with red in majority, yellow, white and other colors in minority. It’s the city’s largest camellia show in recent three years, which fully displays camellia’s various species as well as human’s sci entific research level of it. In order to provide the majority of plant-lovers with more opportunities to closely appreciate the beauty of camellia, the area of the Camellia Show is extended to the whole garden so that it can bring more convenience for the visitors.The Camellia Show takes over two months, in which more than 200 various camellias will be presented successively.（英译汉）At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is neededfor us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge.A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。

1.2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试题2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the rink, my friend 's mother remarked on the “ plush ”seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush ”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren ' tthey? Myfriend 's mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in factthe way which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 2014 改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) _____have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) _____l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a firstlanguage? (3) ______________________________l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) _____more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) _____acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) _____the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common:The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of anindividual attempts to do (7) ___________________________________2. _______3. _______4. _______5. _______6. _______7. _______8. _______9. _______ 10. _______1. so. Whether one labels it “learning ”or “acquiring ”an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ________focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ____or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) _______________________2013 专八短文改错试题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) ____listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) _____happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ___________________________ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page,(4) _____you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) _______________________________________________________________ involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) ______ their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) _____we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called “ language in exceptional circumstances reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening.2012 年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argumenthas been going since at least the first (1) _____________________________________________ thcentury B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19thcentury, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free ” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not theword; the message rather the form; the matter not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19 century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the extreme “literalists ” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator andreader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and thebasic problem remains.(8) _____(9) _____ (10) _____ (3) ______ (4) ______ (5) ______ (6) ______(7) ______(8) ______(9) ______2011 年专八真题改错部分10From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of aboutseventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soon orlater I should have to settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on eitherside, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and otherreasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed2 __________3 __________4 _________disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of beingisolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words5____________6 ________7 _______and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious— i.e. seriouslyintended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem 8 _______ 9 _______10 _______at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010 年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.1 _______________2 _______________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3 _______________peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not allgroups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4 ____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in English,but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is5 _____________6 _____________simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7 ___________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8 ___________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9 ____________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo languagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture2009 The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1) __________10between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in earlychildhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the2008 年专八真题短文改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a different language from those of Britain. There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before.Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.customer.20151.looked 改成looking2. she 后面加had3. 去掉第二个a4. 去掉it5. polite 改成politely(2) _________(3) __________(4) ___________(5) _________(6) ___________(7) _________(8) __________(9) ___________(10) ______________ 1______ 2______ 3______ 4______ 5______ 6______ 7 ______ 8 ______ 9___ 10 ___7. specially 改成especially8. this 改成it9. continually 改成often10. mend 改成narrow20141. 把of 去掉。

2015年12月专八口语口译含参考答案Speech of an international CEO at the provincial level forum in chinaDistinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,It is a great honor to be invited to speak at this forum of international development. As one of the first international retail enterprises that have settled in this province, we have set up 4 joint ventures with a total investment of rmb 3.5 billion yuan, and moreover, we have opened over 20 large-scale supermarkets in the major cities, last year we launched a plan to support small and medium suppliers in the province aiming to bring solutions to the suppliers, including standard commercial operations, up to date marketing concepts and strong communications, we offer them free consultation, including the customers’ needs, lay-out of products, flow of funds, and market feed back. Meanwhile, we demand they produce high quality products, with our help, many small and medium suppliers have found new solutions and increased their sales, in addition, we have just started a new plan with our suppliers at a recent conference, this plan gain extensive applause from these suppliers,In this second half of the year, we will provide guarantee for suppliers who want to obtain loans or financing, helping them to overcome the shortage of funds due to the global financial crises, at present, we are negotiating with various commercial banks, trying to persuade them to expand better financial channels for our suppliers.On the 8th of this month, we organized the win win day for partners, the event had two topics, one was direct purchase and the other was medium and small food processing companies,both projects are essential for us in china, we hope professional trainings and business seminars and expect to help local suppliers to be more aware of food safety issues to complete the innovation of products and technology, and to provide more products which meet the market demand.After 12 years’ cooperation and development in china, we will as always go forward hand in hand with the development of this province, making more contributions to its prosperous market to have a harmonious commercial environment in china, and to this sustainable development of Chinese economy.中国国家旅游局官员在第六届丝绸之路国际大会开幕式上的致辞尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们，上午好！很高兴与大家相聚在古老而美丽的敦煌，共同出席联合国旅游世界组织第六届丝绸之路国际大会，我谨代表中国国家旅游局对大会召开表示热烈祝贺，对远道而来的各位嘉宾表示诚挚欢迎。

2015英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURELISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREUnderstanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I.Understand all (1) ______________A.wordsB.(2) ______________-stress-intonation-(3) ______________II. Adding informationA.lecturers: sharing information with audienceB.listeners: (4) ______________C.sources of information-knowledge of (5) ______________-(6) ______________ of the worldD. listening involving three steps:-hearing-(7) ______________-addingIII. (8) ______________A.reasons:-overcome noise-save timeB. (9) ______________-content-organizationIV. Evaluating while listeningA.helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notesB.helps to remember information答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance20152014ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTUREHow to Reduce StressLife is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it.I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reactioni.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tensionII. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress—where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress—where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals—monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals —find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand—effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately —reason for planning —(8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) accept —e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities—manageable task —(10) (10) reasonable speed2013SECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) ________II. (2) ______ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-- connections between the known and the new information-- identification of (3) ______ concepts-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5) _______.B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) ______.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-- active learners: accept-- passive learners: (8) _______B. attitude toward (9) ______-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.参考答案：1. checking their understanding2. reflective on information3. incomprehensible4. what you read5. organized6. monitoring their understanding7. differentiate8. blame9. performance10. active learningSection A Mini-lecture或者1、checking understanding。

华研外语2015年英语专八interview答案1、The hall in our school is _____ to hold 500 people. [单选题] *A. big enough(正确答案)B. enough bigC. very smallD. very big2、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When3、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)4、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write5、The manager was quite satisfied with his job. [单选题] *A. 担心的B. 满意的(正确答案)C. 高兴的D. 放心的6、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after7、47．Yao Ming is tall. That's one of his ________. [单选题] * A．advantageB．advantages(正确答案)C．disadvantageD．disadvantages8、Allen is looking forward to _______ his American partner at the trade fair. [单选题] *A. meetB. meeting(正确答案)C. be meetingD. having meeting9、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does10、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)11、We are very hungry now. Can you _______ us something to eat? [单选题] *A. carryB. takeC. borrowD. bring(正确答案)12、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)13、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take14、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try15、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)16、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued17、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice18、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful19、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)20、Mary _______ Math. [单选题] *A. is good at(正确答案)B. do well inC. is good forD. is good with21、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base22、The green shorts are _______ sale for ＄[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with23、We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have _____ one this month. [单选题] *A.otherB.the otherC.moreD.another(正确答案)24、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. [单选题]*A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven(正确答案)25、--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A. workersB. nursesC. waitersD. teachers(正确答案)26、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off27、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *B. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back28、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)29、If you pass your exams, we’ll have a party to celebrate. [单选题] *A. 宣布B. 发表C. 解放D. 庆祝(正确答案)30、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingD. met(正确答案)。

2015年12月专八口语口译含参考答案第一篇：2015年12月专八口语口译含参考答案Speech of an international CEO at the provincial level forum in china Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen，It is a great honor to be invited to speak at this forum of international development.As one of the first international retail enterprises that have settled in this province, we have set up 4 joint ventures with a total investment of rmb 3.5 billion yuan, and moreover, we have opened over 20 large-scale supermarkets in the major cities, last year we launched a plan to support small and medium suppliers in the province aiming to bring solutions to the suppliers, including standard commercial operations, up to date marketing concepts and strong communications, we offer them free consultation, including the customers’ needs, lay-out of products, flow of funds, and market feed back.Meanwhile, we demand they produce high quality products, with our help, many small and medium suppliers have found new solutions and increased their sales, in addition, we have just started a new plan with our suppliers at a recent conference, this plan gain extensive applause from these suppliers，In this second half of the year, we will provide guarantee for suppliers who want to obtain loans or financing, helping them to overcome the shortage of funds due to the global financial crises, at present, we are negotiating with various commercial banks, trying to persuade them to expand better financial channels for our suppliers.On the 8th of this month, we organized the win win day for partners, the event had two topics, one was direct purchase and the other was medium and small food processing companies, both projects are essential for us in china, we hope professional trainings and businessseminars and expect to help local suppliers to be more aware of food safety issues to complete the innovation of products and technology, and to provide more products which meet the market demand.After 12 years’ cooperation and development in china, we will as always go forward hand in hand with the development of this province, making more contributions to its prosperous market to have a harmonious commercial environment in china, and to this sustainable development of Chinese economy.中国国家旅游局官员在第六届丝绸之路国际大会开幕式上的致辞尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们，上午好！很高兴与大家相聚在古老而美丽的敦煌，共同出席联合国旅游世界组织第六届丝绸之路国际大会，我谨代表中国国家旅游局对大会召开表示热烈祝贺，对远道而来的各位嘉宾表示诚挚欢迎。

(Crime in Computer) New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer anized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on everycontinent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against anized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics.Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating politicalleaders….Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology. 1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage? [A]7 [B]8 [C]9 [D]10 2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer? [A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability. [B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it. [C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price. [D]His purpose is to steal important data. 3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system? [A]Sabotage of a university computer. [B]Sabotage of a hospital computer. [C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base. [D]Sabotage of a factory computer. 4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”? [A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. [B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer. [C]The computer can replace any weapons. [D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.　Vocabulary arre 奇怪的 2.vandalism 破坏，故意破坏⽂化，艺术的⾏为 3.cripple 使瘫痪，削弱 4.fence 贼市，脏品买卖处 5.neutralize 使成为⽆效 6.affluent 富裕的 7.recordkeeping 记录存贮 8.havoc 浩劫，⼤破坏 9.resort to 求助于，借助于 10.motivate 作为……的动机，激发 11.extremist 过激分⼦，极端主义分⼦ 12.sprout 萌发迅速发展 13.awesome 令⼈惊惧的，引起敬畏的 14.vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱 15.devastation 劫持，破坏 16.hospital life-support system 医院的⽣命维持系统 17.hit man 职业凶⼿(杀⼿) 18.pool 集中(资⾦)合办，⼊股 19.criminology 犯罪学，刑事学 难句译注 anized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes… [结构简析] 句⼦很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后⾯是举例。