2020届二轮复习(十五) 名词性从句
从属连词that, whether与if引导的名词性从句
[全析考法]
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018?11月浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
解析：that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
2．(2017?天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
解析：whether/if句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
3．(2016?北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely free from dust.
解析：that句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。
4．(2016?天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
解析：that句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。5．(2016?江苏高考改编)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
解析：that句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。
6．(2015?全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________________
解析：where→that或去掉where found后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导，that也可省略。
[谨记规则]
(一)that引导的名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时本身无意义，只起连接作用，也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整，往往用于陈述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不能省略。引导宾语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中，that可省略。但下列情况下，that 不可省略：
1．that从句作介词的宾语；
I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.他具体住在哪里我不是很清楚，只知道是远离城市的边远地区。
2．that引导的从句位于句首时；
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
3．宾语从句前有插入语时；
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
4．动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，从第二个从句开始that 不可省略；
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
5．it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中that往往不可省略。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(二)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式
1．It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句
It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
2．It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, well-known, announced等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
[特别注意]在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required ...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
4．It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
(三)whether与if的用法
1．用whether或if均可的情况
(1)whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2)it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
2．用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时；
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.他问了我我们是否该
给无家可归者钱的问题。
(3)引导介词的宾语从句时；
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
(4)引导词与or not连用时；
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(5)引导词后接to do时；
They don't know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
(6)有些动词如leave, put, discuss, decide等后的宾语从句；
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
我们讨论了我们是否应召开一个会议。
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义。
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
让我知道你是否来参加我们的宴会。
连接代词与连接副词引导的名词性从句
[全析考法]
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018?全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：who分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。2．(2018?北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
解析：what句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语，且表示“……的东西”，故填what。
3．(2018?北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be________ we are now.
解析：where句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。
4．(2018?天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：whoever句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
5．(2018?江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is________we arrived.
解析：how句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。
6．(2017?北京高考改编)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
解析：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。
7．(2017?北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing________she
was heading.
解析：where句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词，故填where。
8．(2017?江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________it used to charge.
解析：what句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。
9．(2016?北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
解析：Whatever句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物，故用Whatever引导。
10．(2015?全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析：how分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。
11．(2014?广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
解析：why根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。
12．(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________________解析：that→where分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
[谨记规则]
引导词类别常见引导词作用
连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever有词义；在从句中担任成分，作主语、表语、宾语或定语等
连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义；在从句中担任成分，作状语
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
去把你的大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
我不知道怎么能到火车站。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
语法填空解题“3步骤”
1．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
2．一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。
3．如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。
缺少成分
1．Make the most of your strengths, and you can be successful regardless of which type you fall into and_how_fast or slowly you walk.
2．It is what_is written on the signs inside the bus that has people talking.
3．They never get angry and are always kind to the students. That's why the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.
4．What surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum.
5．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are what you eat!
6．My friend Julia brought out all her dresses and told me to take_whichever_suited me best. 7．From them, the West learns what_is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. 8．Whoever comes here to have the meeting will be treated to a wonderful dinner. 9．Wondering who it was, Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it impatiently.
不缺少成分
10．I wonder first of all what they want, and then wonder if/whether_they are so eager to accept advice themselves.
11．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 12．There is no doubt that it is of great help to their study and future life.
短文改错解题“3视角”
1．检查连接词是否误用：尤其注意容易混淆的that与what, that与which, which与what, if 与whether;
2．检查连接词是否漏掉或多余，以及使用连接代词时从句中是否存在多余的句子成分；3．检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
据第1条解题
1．I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots.what→that 2．Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule in advance.that→whether/if
3．How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems to be endless.How→What
4．I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since.which →what
5．Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me.that→what
据第2条解题
6．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police.去掉it
7．To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room._fact后加that
8．As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned.去掉that
据第3条解题
9．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.what→who
10．I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything.that→why
[语篇综合检测]
Ⅰ.语法填空
As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters __1__(gradual) become obvious, some local communities are taking action.Among them __2__(be) one community in Florida where local people and government officials are proving __3__(success) in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.
The community has studied __4__much sea levels will rise and has suggested ways to address the problem.It has persuaded the state government to ban new developments on land near the coastline and recommended __5__(build) sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches.Kristin Jacobs, one of the group's founders, __6__(decide) to take action in 2008 after it became clear that her state's 27 water authorities couldn't agree on joint (联合的) action.
While some Florida government officials are skeptical __7__ the effects of climate change and the causes of environmental damage, the people living in these locations are certain of the need __8__(protect) their communities.
At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a(n) __9__(limit) budget is a pressing concern.Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in __10__end, but for now, quick thinking by local citizens is helping to secure the future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州一沿海社区为应对因全球变暖而日益上涨的海平面而采取了一系列措施。
1．gradually考查词性转换。设空处修饰连系动词become，故填副词gradually。
2．is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由上下文可知此处应用一般现在时，且本句是倒装句，be动词的形式要根据后面的主语one community来确定，故填is。
3．successful考查词性转换。prove为连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，且设空处意为“成功的”，故填successful。
4．how考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，意为“海平面会上升多少”，故填how。5．building考查非谓语动词。recommend意为“建议”时，其后可跟动词-ing形式或用于recommend sb. to do sth.结构，故填building。
6．decided考查动词的时态。由in 2008可知decide所表示的动作发生在过去，故填decided。7．about/of考查介词。skeptical意为“怀疑的”，后常跟介词about/of。
8．to protect考查非谓语动词。need作名词时，其后常跟不定式作后置定语，意为“……的需要”。
9．limited考查词性转换。设空处作定语修饰budget，故填limited(有限的)。
10．the考查冠词。in the end意为“最终”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My English teacher recommends me to take a part in an English speech competition yesterday. But I doubt that I have the ability to win. It is known to all my classmate that I can speak English as if he were a native speaker. Therefore, I dare not voice my opinions, especial in public. My best friend Lily has been encouraging me to accept the challenge. On her opinion, whether I can win the competition or not doesn't matter as long as I try my best. Encouraged by her, I have decided to have a try, challenged myself. I must conquer my shy. Wish myself good luck.
答案：第一句：recommends→recommended; 去掉a
第二句：that→whether/if
第三句：classmate→classmates; he→I
第四句：Therefore→However; especial→especially
第六句：On→In
第七句：challenged→challenging
第八句：shy→shyness
高中英语从句总结 1）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 解释： 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： +be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 +be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 +be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如： It is said that has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 +seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at 似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。 +doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
同位语从句讲解与练习 1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 2.连接词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否” E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句，在句中作成分。 E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： belief doubt explanation hope idea news opinion possibility statement thought wish truth fact question promise problem reply report suggestion advice fear warning understanding feeling rumor certainty probability on condition on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact E.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects. 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上 that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that引导的定语从句that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。定语从句起限定作用，是定语。 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2）wh-类词引导的两种从句的区别 who, whom, whose, when, where, why 引导定语从句，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的人、物、时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。在同位语从句中，wh-类词表示疑问。
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
同位语从句 ◆◆◆辨认同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 ◆◆◆同位语从句用法 一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 ①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。） I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 ②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形；should可省） There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 ③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） 1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
同位语从句和定语从句的区别 高考频度：★★★★☆难易程度：★★★★☆ —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ____________ he did it; that’s one of his fa vorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 【答案】B 【解析】此处____________ he did it对名词idea解释说明，是同位语从句。答句句意：我不知道Mike为什么放弃了耶鲁大学，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。A项表＂时间＂，D项表＂方式＂，均不合题意。have no idea = do not know，后面的从句应该表示＂疑问＂，排除表＂确定事实＂的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示＂原因＂。
指南针这个事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句） The fact that we talked about is very important.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。（定语从句） 如何区别同位语从句和定语从句 同位语从句和定语从句在形式上基本相同，都是跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。但它们的句法功能却是不同的，我们可以从三个方面来加以区别。 （1）根据that来区别。引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。引导同位语从句的that是个连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也不能用which来代替。例如： The fact that（which）we talked about is very important.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。 （that在从句中作about的宾语） The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（that只起连接作用） Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.消息传来，说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。（that只起连接作用） （2）根据先行词来区别。 体内容） （3）根据引导词来区别。 如果引导从句的词为when，where，why或者how，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式方法等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如： I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall.我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一
名词性从句 名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接词有that, if, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。 考查热点一：对主语从句的考查 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。 考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make, find, see, think等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后也可以带宾语从句。 考查热点三：对表语从句的考查 表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。 一、什么是表语（predicative） 在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.
高考英语最可能考的同位语从句 英语中有两类从句所修饰的名词可以叫“先行词”，一类是定语从句，一类是同位语从句。同学们知道，定语从句所修饰的先行词数量很多，单是指人和指物的名词就有千千万万个，但英语中的同位语从句则不同，它所修饰的先行词非常有限，中学英语中最常用的可能只有几十个，并且高考可能重点的考查只有十几个： 1. chance 可能性 chance后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某事发生的可能性。如： I think that there is every chance that you will succeed. Do you think there’s any chance that you could get a job in Paris 2. doubt 怀疑 doubt后接that引导的同位语从句，表示对某事的怀疑。如： There is no doubt that the world is getting warmer. There’s no doubt that one day a cure will be found. 3. fact 事实 fact后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个事实的具体内容。如： The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists is as great as ever. 4. evidence证据 evidence后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个证据的具体内容。如： Do you have evidence that this treatment works Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting 5. hope希望 hope后接that引导的同位语从句，表示希望的具体内容。如： Is there any hope that they will be home in time The President has expressed the hope that relations will improve. 6. idea 想法 idea后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。如： It’s based on the idea that all people are created equal. Where did you get the idea that she doesn’t like you
同位语从句讲义 1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 W e haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。 在从句中不充当句子成分。 不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作 动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 同位语从句 是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。 详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定" 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
同位语从句讲解与练习． 同位语从句讲解与练习 1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,
news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that
Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether 引导。如：I have no idea whether he'll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语 从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。． We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个 问题我们还没有决定。
2014-2018年高考英语名词性从句真题汇编 1.(2018·全国卷III) I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 2.By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.(2018 江苏，21) A. where B. when C. why D. how 3.Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.(2018 北京，11) A. how B. when C. where D. why 4.This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018 北京，15) A. how B. which C. that D. what 5. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018 天津，9) A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 6.(2017天津) She asked me_____ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. A. When B.where C.whether D.what 7.(2017江苏)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20, half of _____ it used to charge. A. That B. Which C.what D. how 8.(2017北京23)Every year, _____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. Whatever B. Whoever C. Whomever D. whichever 9.(2017北京26) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _____ she was heading. A. Why B. Where C. How D. when 10．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love.________ 11．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________ 12.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 13.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 14.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A.why B.what C.as D.that 15.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too
Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses 名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句 同位语从句： I.明确概念与特征： 1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如： The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents. I had no idea when the storm would end. 2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如： Word came that the sports meet had been put off. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift. 3. 同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. Exciting word came that I passed the exam. II. 正确选用引导词 一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。 1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略； The idea that we play football after class is great. 2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if； The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort. 3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。 I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste. At last I made a decision that I would never come back again. The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion. All of us had no idea why he refused our help. The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us. We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light. 4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that we will win the final match. I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time. III. 注意从句中的时态 一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如 I have no idea when he will be back. I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.
同位语从句 一．同位语 同位语：跟在名词或代词后，与之表达同一内容；通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 （A=B：两项所指相同） e.g 我知道奥巴马，美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. （Obama与the president of US同一个人）我们应该从过去当中学习，它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二．同位语从句 1.（1）概念：由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实，奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. （2）与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词： fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义，如question, doubt) 2. 构成： （------先造3个简单的句子，He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?（一般疑问句）Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关，连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式； （I know the fact he is a student. ） （1）如果从句是陈述句，连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息，他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息，我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． 他什么都没说，这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论：that在从句中不做成分，并且没有含义 （2）如果从句是一般疑问句，连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序