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1．主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句(主从)等充当。
◆(2016·天津高考书面表达)Doing sports as a team has enabled us to know each other better.做一些团队运动使得我们更好地了解彼此。
(动名词短语作主语)◆(2015·广东高考书面表达)The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。
(名词短语作主语)形式主语it：此时的it只是一个符号，占用主语的位置，无词义。
当主语太长，影响句子结构平衡的时候，需要使用形式主语。
用it取代真正的主语的位置，把真正的主语放到句末。
e.g. 学好英语非常重要。
To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well.常见的形式主语的句型：It is/was +adj. +of/for sb. to do sth.如果该形容词能形容人的某种品质，则用of；如果该形容词不能形容人，则用fore.g.你帮助了我，你真好！It is kind of you to help me.e.g.我们有必要学英语。
It is necessary for us to learn English.2．谓语——主语的行为谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。
谓语只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。
系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
2018版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分模块考点复习Unit1Lifestyles教师用书Unit 1 Lifestyles[对应学生用书P3] 话题：饮食健康话题单词1.balance /bæləns/ n．& v．平衡；对比2.benefit /benΙfΙt/ n．& v．利益；受益3．health /helθ/ n．健康4.healthy /helθΙ/ adj.健康的5．comfortable /kʌmftəbl/ adj.舒服的；安逸的6.curiosity /kjʊərΙɒsΙtΙ/ n．好奇心；求知欲7．strength /streηθ/ n．强项；长处；力量8.ingredient /Ιn griːdΙənt/ n．成分9．smelly /smelΙ/ adj.有臭味的10.vitamin /vΙtəmΙn/ n．维生素11．limit /lΙmΙt/ n．界限vt.限制12.nutrition /nju trΙʃən/ n．营养13．energy /enədʒΙ/ n．精力；活力14.fibre /faΙbə/ n．纤维；纤维制品sugar and fat，which will make you put on weight quickly．Second，we should forma good habit of life，such as doingexercise regularly and having enough sleep.Besides，don’t be too tired and don’t smoke.As we all know，smoking is bad for our health．In a word，if you want to keep healthy，you should have a balanced diet and good living habits.][对应学生用书P4Ⅰ.单词过关A．拼写单词1．vi. 要紧，有重大关系2．vt. 认为，猜想3．vt. 转换，转变4．vt. 忍耐，忍受5．n．&vt. 设计6．adv. 否则；另外7．vt. 减少；降低8．n. 专家9．n. 疾病10．n. 午夜，半夜B．拓展单词11．vi.遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛→n．苦难；受苦12．vt.更喜欢；宁愿→n．喜好；偏爱13．vi.毕业→n．毕业14．vt.&n.支持；支撑→n．支持者；拥护者15．n．挑战→adj.挑战性的16．adj.轻松的，令人放松的→vt.&vi.放松→adj.松懈的；放松的17．adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的→adj.令人厌烦的；无聊的→n．厌烦；无聊18．adj.宁静的；和平的→n．和平→adv.和平地；平静地19．adj.社交的；社会的→n．社会20．n．志愿者→adj.自愿的；志愿的C．识记单词21．volunteer n．v．22．diet n．v．23．social adj.24．formal adj.25．distance n．26．urgent adj.27．organise vt.28．advertisement n．29．accountant n．30．paperwork n．D．语境运用31．I don't want to work under and I am eager for a job thatisn't ．(stress)32．The people hoped thatthe dispute was to be solved anda agreement could be signed assoon as possible.(peace)33．Nowadays with the development of society，many like to do work without any pay.(volunteer)34．As a who from a key university，he was offered a satisfactory jobafter ．(graduate)35．Generally speaking，we feel while listening to some music.(relax)36．Lucy sweets as hersnacks while Lily has a fornuts.(prefer)答案：A.1.matter 2.suppose 3.switch 4.stand 5.design 6.otherwise 7.reduce 8.expert 9.sickness 10.midnightB．11.suffer；suffering 12.prefer；preference13.graduate；graduation 14.support；supporter15.challenge；challenging 16.relaxing；relax；relaxed 17.bored；boring；boredom 18.peaceful；peace；peacefully19.social；society 20.volunteer；voluntaryC．21.志愿者自愿提供；自愿做22.饮食；节食节食，按规定进食23.社交的；社会的24.正式的，合礼仪的25.距离26.急迫的，紧急的27.组织28.广告29.会计(师) 30.日常文书工作D．31.stress；stressful 32.peaceful；peacefully；peace33．volunteers；voluntary 34.graduate；graduated；graduation 35.relaxed；relaxing 36.prefers；preferenceⅡ.短语排查A．短语翻译1．(铃、爆竹等)响2．占据；开始从事；拿起3．充满着4．忍受，遭受5．此刻，目前6．数年间7．弄清，查明8．结果9．换衣服，更衣10．轮流做某事11．在……中起作用12．追上，赶上；想出，找到13．盼望，期望14．除……之外还；和15．有影响；起作用B．选词填空(选用A中短语填空)1．We are really seeing youagain.2．The thieves ran away when the burglaralarm ．3．Maria's mother isn't well.She often headaches.4．It is often the little detailsthat ．5．They a good suggestionfor putting out more cars at the meeting yesterday.6．He horror when he heardthe bad news.7．He drank too much lastnight. ，he overslept thismorning.8．I'm sorry I've already so much of your valuable time.答案：A.1.go off 2.take up 3.befilled with4．suffer from 5.at the moment 6.overthe years7.make sure8.as a result9.get changed10.take turns to do sth.11.play a role/part e up with13.look forward to 14.as well as 15.makea differenceB．1.looking forward to 2.went off3.suffers from4．make a difference 5.came up with6.was filled with7．As a result 8.taken upⅢ.句式仿写1．[教材原句]What kind of lifestyle doyou think the people have?你认为这些人有什么样的生活方式？[仿写运用]你认为谁应该对这次事故负责？is to blame for the accident?2．[教材原句]I always take my portableTV and I sit on the stone wall while the dogwalks round in a circle.我总是随身带着手提电视，我坐在石墙上，而小狗围着我转圈。
Unit 8 Adventure[对应学生用书P 47]话题：航天科技 1.violent /va Ιəl ənt/ adj .猛烈的；激烈的2.fundamental /f ʌnd əment əl/ adj .基本的；基础的 3．harmful /h ɑːmf ʊl/ adj .有害的 4.gentle /d ʒentl/ adj .温和的；文雅的5．glorious /l ɔːr Ιəs/ adj .光荣的；荣耀的6.astronomy /əstr ɒn əm Ι/ n ．天文学 7．system /s Ιst əm/ n ．系统；体系；制度 8.theory /θΙər Ι/ n ．学说；理论 9．gravity /ræv Ιt Ι/ n ．万有引力；重力 10.satellite /sæt əla Ιt/ n ．卫星；人造卫星 11．spacewalk /spe Ιsw ɔːk/ n ．太空行走 12.atmosphere /ætm əsf Ιə/ n ．大气层；气氛 13．spaceship /spe Ιs ʃΙp/ n ．宇宙飞船 14.physicist /f Ιz Ιs Ιst/ n ．物理学家 15．oxygen /ɒks Ιd ʒən/ n ．氧气16.crash /kr æʃ/ vt .& vi .碰撞；坠落[对应学生用书P48]Ⅰ.单词过关A．拼写单词1．adj. 较重要的；较严重的n. 专业n. 大多数，多半2．adj. 忧虑的，担心的3．adv. 确切地，精确地adj. 确切的，精确的4．vt. 使惊愕(惊奇)5．n. 目的；目标n. (同义词)目的；目标6．n. 兴奋，激动adj. 激动的；兴奋的adj. 令人兴奋的7．n. 边界，限度8．adj. 没有希望的adj. 有希望的9．adj. 远处的；久远的B．拓展单词10．distant adj.远处的；久远的→n．遥远11．limit n．边界；限度→adj.有限的12．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→adj.舒服的→n．&vt.安慰13．differ vi.不同于，有区别→n．不同之处→adj.不同的14．anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的→n．焦虑，不安15．amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)→adj.惊愕的，吃惊的→adj.令人惊异的→n．吃惊，惊愕16．confuse vt.使困惑→adj.困惑的→adj.令人困惑的→n．混乱；困惑17．wealthy adj.富有的；富裕的→n．财富；富有18．preparation n．准备；预备→vt.准备；预备19．cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的→n．&vt.欢呼20．patience n．耐心；忍耐力→adj.耐心的n．病人→adv.耐心地C．识记单词21．adventure n．22．extra adj.23．optional adj.24．organisation n．organise vt.25．extreme adj.26．similarity n．similar adj.27．risk vt.28．various adj.variety n．vary vi.29．equipment n．equip vt.30．preference n．prefer vt.D．语境运用31．What me was Liu Qian's performance which made allthe people present look at him in ．(amaze)32．Judging from his expression，he didn't understand the problem referring to teenagers' mental health.(confuse)33．He's a good doctor.He always has with his and talkswith them ．(patient)34．There were a few moments in the basketball game.Therefore，allof us watched it with ．(anxious)35．The car is from that one.Their lie in color andtype.(different)答案：A.1.major；majority 2.anxious 3.exactly；exact 4.amaze 5.goal；aim 6.excitement；excited；exciting 7.limit 8.hopeless；hopeful 9.distantB．10.distance 11.limited fortable；comfort 13.difference；different 14.anxiety15.amazed；amazing；amazement16.confused；confusing；confusion 17.wealth18．prepare 19.cheer 20.patient；patientlyC．21.奇遇，冒险的经历22.特别的；额外的23.可选择的；非强制的24.团体，组织，机构为……作安排/准备；筹备25.极度的，极端的26.相似性，类似性相似的，类似的27.冒……的危险28.各种各样的，不同的不同，种类有不同，呈差异29.设备，配备装备，配备30.较喜欢的东西，偏爱更喜欢D．31.amazed；amazing；amazement 32.confused；confusing 33.patience；patients；patiently 34.anxious；anxiety35．different；differencesⅡ.短语排查A．短语翻译1．起飞2．就在此刻3．目的是，以便4．出现，到场；把(声音)调大5．决定不履行(承诺的事)6．使理解(某事)7．轮流，依次8． (坏事)突然发生，爆发9．把……关进监狱10．坚持(某种说法)11．在途中12．用完，耗尽13．继续做某事14． (机器等)损坏，不能运转；身体出毛病，垮掉15．颠倒地，倒置地B．选词填空(选用A中短语填空)1．We are not prepared to and let them close our school.2．As the plane was ready to ， all the passengers fastened theirseat belts.3．He and wept when he heard the bad news.4．It took a long time to to the workers the way the system worked.5．Once you have given your words, don't try to ．6．After he left I just tried to as usual in spite of some difficulty.7．A big fire in the hotel last night, but all the people were able to escape from it.8．Everything in the house was turned for the lost diamond ring.答案：A.1.take off 2.right now 3.in order to do sth. 4.turn up 5.back out 6.get across 7.in turn 8.break out 9.put ...into prison 10.stand by 11.on one's way12．run out of 13.carry on 14.break down15．upside downB．1.stand by 2.take off 3.broke down 4.get across 5.back out 6.carry on 7.broke out 8.upside downⅢ.句式仿写1．[教材原句]When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。
第一步|明白句子成分,写出准确的简单句第一讲各司其职的大句子成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语。
主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。
◆(2015·广东高考书面表达)The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。
(名词短语作主语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到更多。
(动名词短语作主语)Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.2．(江西高考书面表达)如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。
(不定式短语作主语)How to get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.3．(2015·天津高考书面表达)我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。
(从句作主语)What I’m going to tell you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.4．(2016·四川高考书面表达)不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。
(名词短语作主语)Different people like different seasons；my favourite season is spring.谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。
实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。
◆(2015·湖北高考书面表达)Half an hour later，I managed to find the right answer.半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。
(实义动词作谓语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。
(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.2．(湖南高考书面表达)手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。
(系表结构作谓语)The watch is necessary in our daily life，but its function is too simple and dull．3．(2016·全国卷甲书面表达)(摄影展)将于六月十五日开始，持续三周。
(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语)It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.4．(2016·天津高考书面表达)你的艺术技能优秀令人赞叹，这给我留下了深刻的印象。
(系表结构作谓语)Your art skills are excellent and admirable，which leaves me a deep impression.宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。
◆(2015·四川高考书面表达)I really hope that you can give me some good advice on how to study English.我真的希望你能给我一些如何学习英语的好建议。
(从句作宾语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。
(动名词作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)我认为我的所有同班同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到很多东西。
(从句作宾语)I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities．3．(2016·全国卷乙书面表达)我已经写了申请书和个人简历。
(名词作宾语)I’ve already written the application and resume.表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。
◆(2015·湖北高考书面表达)Although the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。
(形容词作表语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。
(介词短语作表语) Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence．2．(2016·全国卷甲书面表达)展览的主题是环境和保护。
(名词作表语)The theme of the show is environment and protection．定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。
可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。
◆As a student, the first thing that you should do every morning is to make a proper plan.作为一个学生，每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是要制订适当的计划。
(从句作定语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我们可能有各种各样应付此类情况的方式。
(不定式短语作定语)We may have various ways to deal with such a situation．2．(2016·全国卷甲书面表达)欢迎感兴趣的所有学生参加。
(从句作定语)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.3．(2017·台州模拟)我认为这是提高你写作的一个好机会。
(不定式短语作定语)I think this is a good chance to improve your writing．状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。
可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。
◆(2016·全国卷乙书面表达)Moreover, by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.而且，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵的经验以至于我能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。
(从句作状语)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(北京高考书面表达)旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。
(形容词作状语)After a week’s trip，he returned home，tired but very happy．2．为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。
(不定式短语作状语)In order to solve this problem,my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.3．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过，这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。
(独立主格结构和从句作状语)Time permitting，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship．补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。
补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。
可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。
◆(2015·天津高考书面表达)Hopefully，these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。
(不定式短语作宾补)◆Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best.如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。
(形容词作主补)根据括号内的提示完成句子1．(浙江高考书面表达)科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。
(不定式作宾补) Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature．2．(2016·全国卷丙书面表达)我希望变化没有给你带来太多的麻烦。
(名词作宾补)I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble．对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。
