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八年级上册外研社版英语知识点归纳

八年级上册外研社版英语知识点归纳
八年级上册外研社版英语知识点归纳

英语初二上册重点知识点讲解

Module 1 How to learn English

pair n. ( 相关的 ) 两个人,一对,一双,一副

a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers

一双袜子一副手套两条裤子

e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.

两个青少年正在看足球赛。

2. correct

(1) v. 改正,纠正

e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.

老师回到房间去改练习本。

Correct the spelling.

纠正拼写。

(2) adj. 正确的;恰当的

e.g.correct pronunciation正确发音

Do you have the correct time ?

你的表走得准吗?

3. advice

(1) n.意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用some, much, a piece of , pieces of

饰,不能说an advice 或 many/a few advices 。

(2)表示“有关??的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。

e.g.Let ’ s ask for his advice on what to do next.

等修

我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。

常见搭配:

take/follow one ask for advice accept/refuse one offer advice to sb.

’ s advice接受某人的建议

征求意见

’ s advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议

向某人提供建议

拓展:

advise vt.建议

常见搭配: advise sb. to do sth.

advise that sb. (should) do sth.

e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.

老师建议我现在就离开。

We advise measures( should)be taken to stop pollution at once.

我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。

4. We should always speak English in class.

我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。

should 是情态动词,意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。should/shouldn’ t do sth.

e.g.He should work harder.

他应该更加努力。

You should help your mother with the housework.

你们应该帮妈妈做家务。

5. Let ’ s try to speak English as muchas possible.

让我们一起尽可能地说英语。

(1)

e.g.They are trying to study English well.

他们正努力学好英语。

I am trying doing it in this way.

我正试着用这种方法做。

We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.

我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。

(2)译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于as...as possible/one can。

e.g.You should rest as much as possible.

你应当尽量多休息。

I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.

我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。

6. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs

with your friends.

每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。

time 的用法:

(1)time 侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量, time 用作不可数名词,前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty of 等修饰。

e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.

这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。

(2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时, time 是可数名词。

e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.

我去过北京三次。

(3) time 构成的短语:

at a time一次,每一次

at one time曾经,一度

at times /from time to time有时,偶尔

all the time总是,一直

in time及时,迟早

on time准时

(4) time 构成的句型:

① It ’s time for sb. to do sth./It

该是某人干?? 的时间了。

’s (high) time sb. did sth.

e.g.It ’ s time for children to go to bed.

是小孩睡觉的时候了。

It ’ s high time that we started.

我们该出发了。

②each time (每次), next time (下次), the first/last time (第一次 /最后一次??的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句。

e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.

我上次到中国时,游览了上海。

14. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。

suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion。suggest 的用法:

e.g.She suggested an early start.

她建议早一点出发。

I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea.

我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。

She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.

她建议班会不要在星期六举行。

注意:当 suggest 表示“暗示,表明”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“should+动词原形”。

e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。

(×) The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.

(√) The expression on his face suggested that he was very

happy 游览了上海。

Module 2 My home town and my country

1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.

它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万。

population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错。

① population 常与定冠词the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。

e.g.The world’ s population is increasing faster and faster.

全世界的人口增长得越来越快。

② 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.

中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。

③有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。

e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.

=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.

中国大约有十三亿人口。

④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little 而要”,用“large或”“small。”

e.g.India has a large population.

印度人口众多。

Singapore has a small population.

新加坡人口少。

⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...?”,而用“How large...?”。在问具体人口时用“What...?”。

e.g.— What is the population of Canada ?

=How large is the population of Canada ?

加拿大的人口有多少?

—The population of Canada is about 29 million.

加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。

2. It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它(伦敦)大约有 750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。

(1) million 是数词,意思是“百万”。它的用法如下:

①当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of。

e.g.three million people三百万人

He was prepared to pay two million.

他愿意支付200 万。

但是,后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。

e.g.About three million of them have left there.

他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。

②当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词

of,然后才能接名词。

e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.

一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。

拓展:与 million有相同用法的数词还有:hundred(百) , thousand(千) , billion (十亿)。

本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。

(1)规则变化:

类别构成方法原级比较级

一般直接加 -er long longer

tall taller

单音节词和少数双音

节词

(2)形容词比较级用法不发音的 e 结尾时加 -r late later

large larger 辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 easy easier y 变 i ,再加 -er happy happier 重读闭音节结尾并且big bigger 只有一个辅音字母时,hot hotter 双写最后的辅音字母,

再加 -er

① 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是

than,其结构为“A?+比较级+than+B ”。

e.g.Li Lei’ s room is bigger than mine.

李雷的房间比我的大。

This mooncake is nicer than that one.

这块月饼比那块好吃。

②有表示程度的副词 a little ,a bit ,a few,a lot ,much ,even,still ,far ,rather,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级。

e.g.I feel even worse now.

我现在觉得更难受了。

It is much colder today than before.

今天比以前冷得多。

③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。

e.g.I am two years older than he.

我比他大两岁。

This building is 20 meters higher than that one.

这栋楼房比那栋高20 米。

④表示“两者之间最??一个 (of the two) 时”,常用“the+比较级”结构。

e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.

Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子。

⑤表示“越来越??”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级 +and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词

时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

e.g.It ’ s getting warmer and warmer in spring.

春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的家乡越来越漂亮了

Module 3 Sports

节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化

(1)规则变化:

类别构成方法原级比较级

多音节词和部分双音在原级前加 more careful more careful

节词beautiful more beautiful

在原级前加 less important less important

useful less useful

(2)不规则变化:

原级比较级

good/well (身体好的)better

many/much more

bad/ill worse

little less

far farther( 较远 )

further( 进一步 )

old older

elder( 较年长的)

(3)形容词和副词比较级用法

① 表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A?+比较级+than+B”。

e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon.

太阳比月亮更大。

This painting is nicer than that one.

这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮。

②有表示程度的副词 a little ,a bit ,a few,a lot ,much ,even,still ,far ,rather,any 等修饰时,用比较级。

e.g.I feel even better now.

我现在觉得好多了。

It is much cooler today than before.

今天比以前凉爽得多。

③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构 ,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。

e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one.

这栋楼房比那栋高10 米。

④表示“两者之间最??一个 (of the two)时”,常用“the+比较级”结构。

e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.

Mary 是双胞胎中较胖的。

⑤ 表示“越来越??”,用比较级重叠结构,即

节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

e.g.It ’ s getting warmer and warmer in spring.

“比较级 +and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音

春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的城市越来越漂亮了。

⑥表示“越??就越??”时,用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构。

e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.

他越忙越高兴。

Module 4 Planes, ships and trains

(1)规则变化:

类别构成方法原级最高级

一般直接加 -est long longest

tall tallest

不发音的 e 结尾时加 -st late latest

单音节词和少数双音

large largest 辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 easy easiest

节词

y 变 i,再加 -est happy happiest

重读闭音节结尾并且big biggest

只有一个辅音字母时,hot hottest

双写最后的辅音字母,

再加 -est

在原级前加 most careful most careful

多音节词和部分双音beautiful most beautiful

节词在原级前加 least important least important

useful least useful

(2)不规则变化:

原级最高级

good/well (身体好的)best

many/much most

bad/ill worst

little least

far farthest( 更远的 )

furthest( 最大程度 )

old oldest

eldest(较年长的 )

(3)形容词最高比较级用法

①表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠

词 the,句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。( of 表示同范围, in 表示不同范围)

e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.

在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

上海是中国最大的城市。

②表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A ,B or C ?”结构。

e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州?

③表示“最??的??之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用

复数形式。

e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.

周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

④ 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最??”。

e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.

长江是中国第一大长河。

⑤形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定

冠词 the。

e.g.This is our last lesson today.

这是我们今天的最后一节课。

⑥ 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.

李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.

李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.

李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.

李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

Module 5 Lao She Teahouse

重点知识讲解

1. offer

(1)做动词,意思是“提供;提议;提出”。常用的搭配:

① offer sth.

e.g.Many people willingly offered their blood.

很多人自愿献血。

②offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人

e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.

=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.

那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。

③ offer to do sth.主动提出做某事

e.g.She offered to lend me her bike.

她提出将自行车借给我。

(2)做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物( 后接of/to do sth)。

e.g.Thank you for your kind offer of helping me.

= Thank you for your kind offer to help me.

谢谢你提供的帮助。

2.Show show 做及物动词,意为“展示;显示;给??看”,show后可接双宾语。

①show sb. sth.或 show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物

e.g.Show me your pen, please.

=Show your pen to me, please.

请让我看一下你的钢笔。

Show your tickets, please.

请出示车票。

注意:在“show+间接宾语 +直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it 或 them 时,只能用“show it(them) to sb. 结构”。

你有一支钢笔,请给我看看。

You have a new pen, please show it to me. You have a new pen, please show me it.

②意为“带领”,常构成短语show sb. to,人参观”。

×

意为“带某人去??”; show sb. around ,意为“带某

e.g.Please show me to your school.

请带我到你们学校去。

Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.

王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.

③ show+ that 从句看出或者显示说明??

e.g.Your homework shows that you are careful.

从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。

此外, show 还可用作名词,意为“展览;陈列;演出”,常构成短语 on show,意为“陈列,展览”。

e.g.There is going to be a picture show in our school.

我们学校将举办一次画展。

His pictures are on show now.

他的画现在正在展览。

3. If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.

如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演,你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们。

(1)这个句子是一个由 if 引导的条件状语从句。 if 是连词,意思是“如果;若”。主句是 you can enjoy them at the teahouse,从句是 you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic

shows。

思考:如何使用if 条件状语从句呢?

if ① 在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。常见的

条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生。紧跟在if 后面的句子是从句。

e.g.If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam , you will let him down.

如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。

②另外, if 从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或

假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。

e.g.If I were you , I would invite him to the party.

如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。

学习小窍门:

if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;

条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。

条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;

条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。

③ if :当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句。

e.g.I don t know’ if he will be free tomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否有空。

注意: if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动词的句子或

祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时。

e.g.If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.

如果明天下雨的话,我们将不去动物园。

If he comes, let me know.

如果他来,让我知道。

(从句用一般现在时,主句是祈使句)

难点知识讲解:动词不定式(I )

(1)动词不定式的含义

生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续出现了两个

动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的例句:

We decided to stay for a cup of tea.

我们决定留下来喝杯茶。

I tried to understand the words.

我努力理解这些话。

I want to go to the teahouse.

我想去茶馆。

这三个句子中使用了 decide to do sth.,want to do sth. ,try to do sth. 的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形

式是“not to do。”

(2)动词不定式作宾语的用法

动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。

在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词 +不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同。

常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有: plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love 等。

口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)

想要学习早打算(want learn plan )

快准备有希望(prepare hope wish expect)

同意否供选择(agree offer choose)

决定了已答应(decide determine promise)

尽力去着手做(manage undertake)

别拒绝别假装(refuse pretend)

失败不是属于你(fail )

e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.

汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我。

We hope to get there before dark.

我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿。

The girl decided to do it herself.

这个女孩决定自己做。

注意:某些及物动词可用-ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有:

Module 6 Animals in danger

1.形容词变成副词的规律。

一般在形容词的词尾加 -ly可以变成副词。例如: quick — quickly,s low — slowly, loud —loudly, sudden — suddenly等。

特殊情况:

构成方法例子

一些以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的形容词,要把 y 改 happy—happily,

为 i 再加 -ly 。angry— angrily

有些以 -ble 或 -le 结尾的形容词,去掉 e 加 -y。possible— possibly

terrible —terribly

少数以 e 结尾的形容词,要去掉 e 再加 -ly 。 true— truly

但绝大多数以 e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 。polite — politely

wide — widely

以 -l 结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾careful — carefully

加-ly ,而不是只加 -y。除非是以 -ll 结尾的才在 useful — usefully

词尾只加 -y。full — fully

温馨提示:副词修饰行为动词这一点。如:

He is very ________(careful).

He does everything ________(carefully)

第一句中是作表语,用形容词careful;第二句中修饰行为动词does 用副词 carefully 。

常考的形容词和副词辨析有:hard 努力—— hardly 几乎不; late 迟的,晚的—— lately 近来;deep 深—— deeply 深深地; near 靠近—— nearly 差不多; wide 宽—— widely广泛地;high 高的—— highly高度地;close靠近的——closely密切地;free 免费的—— freely 自由地。典例剖析:

Tom studies ________ but his sister ________ studies.

A . hard,hard B. hardly , hardly

C. hard, hardly D .hardly , hard

答案: C

解题技巧:

此题第一个陷阱是hard 和 hardly 的区别,通常我们会认为hard 的副词是hardly ,事实上hard 既是 adj.又是 adv.,而 hardly 是另外一个 adv.,中文是“几乎不??”。 hard 作为 adv.时,通常在修饰的动词之后,而hardly 通常在动词之前,译这句中文“Tom学习努力,而他的妹妹则几乎不学习。”同根副词意义有别的。

4. -ing 形容词和 -ed 形容词的区别。

-ing 形容词-ed 形容词例句

interesting 有趣的interested 感兴趣的I have an interesting book.

He is interested in science.

exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news ?

We are excited about the traveling.

moving 令人感动的moved 受感动的Titanic is a moving film.

We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.

表示主动意义,多指事表示被动意义,多指人We are all interested in the interesting story.

物对人的影响,一般修对事物的感受,主语一

饰事物。般是人,常用于“sb.+-ed

形容词 +介词”结构。

5.复习动词不定式。

(1)不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,或省略 to 用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语,

但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

e.g.The mother wants her to read English every day.

母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。

My mother asked me not to read in bed.

我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。

(2)不定式的句法作用:

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。

① 作宾语

e.g.He wants to go out with her.

他想和她一起出去。( want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”)

注意:

a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect e.g.Would you like to see a film this evening

常见的这类词是表示命令、

等。

打算或希望,如:would

你今晚想去看电影吗?

b. 在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。

e.g.I find it easy to read English every day.

我发现每天读英语很简单。

② 作宾语补足语:动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.

露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)

注意:动词不定式在使役动词make, let 和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel 等词后作宾补时,省去不定式符号to。 had better, would rather 后的不定式也不带to,help 后的不定式可带也可不带to。

常to,

e.g.Her mother makes her do homework every evening.

她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。

Let ’ s see the dolphins.

我们去看海豚吧。

I hear her sing every day.

我听见她每天都唱歌。

You’ d better do homework first.

你最好先做作业。

但 make, see, hear等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to。

e.g.She was heard to speak English.

有人听到她说英语。

③ 作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了??”。它可置于句首或者

句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to 或 so as to。

e.g.Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.

王女士去上海看望她的女儿。

To arrive in time, we’ ll start early.

为了及时到达,我们将早出发。

We should work hard in order to pass the exam.

=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.

我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。

注意:不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。

e.g.They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球。

You’ d better not go to bed late.

你最好不要睡觉太晚。

M7 A famous story

1. a girl called Alice.

此处 called 为过去分词,修饰girl ,放在名词之后。相当于

2.fall down跌倒,掉下fall behind跟不上,落在??后面fall into落入?? 中fall off从?? 上掉下来fall back fall asleep 入睡fall ill生病

Eg : She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.

Leaves fall off the trees in fall.

They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.

3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.

in a tree(外来物或人 )在树上

on a tree(树上本身有的东西:apple 等 )在树上

Eg:There is a bird in the tree.

There are a lot of apples on the tree.

smile at sb对sb微笑named.退回

Eg: Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.

4.“到达”的表达:

arrive in+ 大地点get to + 地点reach +地点at+小地点(get home\there\here)

5. have a tea party举办茶会

6. To see if you remember the story.

To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看”

If 引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与whether 7. have nothing to do没什么事可做nothing\something to eat\drink nothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数

8. once or twice=from time to time偶尔

Eg :Once or twice he goes to school on foot.

once 一次twice 两次三次及以上:数词+times three times 可以互换six times

9.what ?? for?=why ??为?什么 ? ;??有什么用 ? Eg : (1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for?

---I ’ m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.

(2) ---Why are you late again?

---Because there is an accident on the road.

10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事

形容词strange 作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing 。在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时,形容词必须放在不定代词后面,作后置定语。

Eg: I have something important to do.

There is something strange appeared in the sky.

11.hear sb do sth听到sb做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,类似的有

make\let\have\help sb do sth 等 )

hear sb doing sth听到sb正在做sth

12.take sth out of sp把sth从sp掏出

rush\jump out of sp从sp冲跳出去

13.across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路。

through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等

Eg:Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.

The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.

14. too??to??太?? 而不能??

Eg:He is too young to carry the heavy bag.

拓展: (1) too??to??可以和so??that??互换

Eg: She is too young to go to school.

=She is so young that she can’ t go to school.

(2) too??to??可以和not?? enough to??互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的)

Eg: She is too young to go to school.

=She is not old enough to go to school.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/996328397.html,nd on 落到??上;着陆

Eg: The plane will land on the island in five minutes.

16.宾语从句:

(1)定义:在主从复合句中,充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。

(2)位置:常在及物动词或介词之后。

(3)引导词:

that 无意义,不充当任何成分,常可以省略;

if\whether 表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,两者可以互换,但有 or not 时只能用 whether;

who\what\where\when\why 等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”,分别可以充当

主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语,不可以省略。

(4) 语序:陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”

(5)时态:

当主句为现在或将来时态时,宾语从句可以使用任何时态;

当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时等);当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时,用一般现在时。

Eg: I know (that) you met him yesterday.

He asked if I would come.

I don’ t understand what you say.

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.

M8 Accidents

1.on the phone 通过电话通话 (on 表示“通过”)

2.look pale 看起来很苍白

此处 look 作为半系动词,后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.

Eg: The music sounds good.

The food tastes delicious.

The sofa feels comfortable.

listen to??)

3. listen 听 (强调听的过程,后接宾语时需加to,即

hear听到(强调听到的结果,后接do 或 doing)

I hear someone singing in the next room. ( 我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)

I hear someone sing in the next room. ( 我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)

4.appear(v.) 出现→ appearance(n.)disappear(v.) 消失

Eg: He suddenly disappeared in front of us.

5. hit 撞击;打

Eg: The bus hits the bridge.

He hits me on the head.

此外, hit 还可以作名词,表示“轰动一时的成功”

Eg: His song made a hit.

6. be glad to do sth很高兴去做sth

Eg : I am glad to see you again.

7. in time及时

on time准时,按时

Eg : I hope you can come back in time.

Please hand in your homework on time.

8. fall off=fall down from从?? 摔下来你fall asleep 入睡fall into掉入

fall in love with sb爱上某人fall behind落在?? 后面

9. the risk of??的风险side by side肩并肩

pay attention to 注意?? (to 是一个介词,后接名词或doing

Eg: We should pay more attention to developing economy.

10. sometimes 有时some times几次;几倍

sometime (将来或过去 ) 某个时候some time一段时间

Eg :He sometimes sends me an e-mail.

Remember it some times, or you will forget it.

Let ’ s have a party sometime next week.

I will stay with you for some time.

11. try to do sth试图去做某事try one’be s t to do sth尽某人全力去做某事have a try试一试

Eg : The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.

We should try our best to save the animals in danger.

Do you have a try?

12. pick up捡起,拾起(代词只能放中间,名词放在中间或后面均可)

pick sb up (开车 )接某人pick sth up学会某事

Eg: After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.

Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.

13. call sb call up=ring up打电话给sb call on拜访sb

Eg : Call me up tomorrow.

I called on my grandparents yesterday.

14. take photos照相

15. hide— hid — hidden 隐藏hide up包庇(坏人)

hide sth from sb瞒着某人某事hide out 躲藏

Eg: ---Why did the policeman catch the man just now?

---He hid up the murderer.

She hid her brother’fromsdeathher parents.

16. throw — threw— thrown 扔;抛throw away抛弃

throw about到处乱扔throw at向?? 扔去

Eg :Don’ t throw about the waste paper.

17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.

lie 此处为不及物动词,意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay , lain ;现在分词为lying 。

He was lying on the bed.

lie 的其他用法:①不及物动词,意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied ;现在分词为lying 。lie to sb向sb撒谎Eg:Don’ t lie to me.

②不及物动词,意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain ;现在分词为lying 。Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部。

18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry

19. as 当??时=when\while

l as ?? as 与??一样so ?? as 与??不一样

l as ?? as possible尽可能 =as ?? as sb can\could

las soon as 一??就

20.send sth to sb=send sb sth

show sth to stb=show sb sth

21. use A to do B用A去做B→ A be used to do B A 被用来做B

get\be used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sth

Eg: We can use the bamboo to make a basket.

He is\gets used to getting up early.

He used to get up early.

22. on one ’ s way 在to sb 去??路上get in the way妨碍

in this way用这种方法by the way 顺便问下in a way 在某种程度

take off ( 飞机 )起飞;脱下 ( 衣服 )

make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事

语法全解:

when 和 while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生,但二者意义不尽相同。

1.when 引导的从句可表示时间点,也可表示时间段,从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词,也

可以是非延续性动词; while 引导的从句通常表示时间段,从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。

They arrived while we were watching TV.

2.含有 when 引导的时间状语的主从复合句,如果主句用过去进行时,从句应该用一般过去式,

表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生,强调后一动作发生的突然性。

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.

3. 当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,主从句都用过去进行时的时候,从句多用while

引导。

They were reading while we were writing .

4.如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时,多用when ,不用 while 。

此外, when 还含有“at the moment 的“意思,此时引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用 while 来替

主谓一致判断法

主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中,主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致,这种一致性体现在联系动

词 be 和助动词 do, have 的人称和数上,以及实义动词的第三人称单数上

1.不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式

2.动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式

3.Either?or? : neither?nor? : not only?连but接also两个名?词或:代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

4.在 here : there 开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致。

M9 Population

1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.

The population of sp i s?? . 表示 sp 有多少人。

此外用 sp has a population of也可??以表示sp 有多少人。

形容人口( population )的多少用big/ large 或 small 当 population 作主语时,谓语动词用单

●询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法:

1. What’ s the population of?

2. How large is the population of?

注意:询问某地有多少人口时不用how many和how much

hundred\thousand\million\billion 等前有数字,用单数形式three hundred

hundred\thousand\million\billion 等后有 of,用复数形式thousands of

2. noise (n.) 噪音noisy(adj.)吵闹的make noise发出噪音

voice 指嗓音 (人说话或唱歌 )

sound指一切声音

.

3. prepare 准备prepare for 为??做准备prepare to do sth 准备去做某事

Eg: They are preparing for the New Year.

We prepare to go fishing next weekend.

4. report 报告;报道make a report 做报告reporter记者,通讯员

notes 名词复数形式“笔记随笔” make notes记笔记

5. such as \for example例如,比如

too much+ 不可数名词much too+adj.太??

too many+ 可数名词

Eg : I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.

I have too much homework to do today.

That dress is much too long for me.

There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.

6. increase by+倍数百分数

to+具体增长后的数字

Eg : The number of teachers increased by twice.

The population of the town increased to 50000.

7. be born in+ 年份地点I was born in 1985.

of+ 家庭He was born of a rich family.

8. one fifth五分之一

分数的表达法:分子在前,用基数词;分母在后,用序数词。当分子大于

用复数如: two thirds

9. hang on a minute.稍等

1 时,分母需要

10. quiet (adj.)安静的;宁静的

quite ( adv.) 相当,十分

quietly(adv.)安静地

Eg :Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now.

She is quite beautiful in that red coat.

11. close to=next to靠近,挨着

Eg :His house is close to a supermarket.

12. move to移到

13. It be +adj. to do sth

one of + 可数名词复数??之一(谓语动词用单数)

14. local 当地的close down关闭

Eg : The local government should do something to solve the water pollution.

This shop closed down last year.

15.It takes sb st to do sth sb

spend(s) st\sm on sth

(in) doing sth

sth cost(s) sb sm

sb pay sth for sm

16. public services公共服务 a public telephone公用电话

in public在公共场合the public公众

17. in fact事实上all over the world全世界

18. face danger 面对危险face to face 面对面地make a face as a result结果是;因此

19. die from由于?? 而死(死于外因,如事故等)

die of因??而死(死于内因,如疾病等)

Eg :He died from an accident.

A lot of people died of cancers

20. leave 离开 (某地 )做鬼脸

增加了?? 增加到??

① leave for+ 目的地前往(目的地)启程去某地

I ’ ll leave for Shanghai next week.

② leave 还有“忘了带,留下”之意

I left my book at home .

21. 辨析:job 与 work

job (cn)指具体的职业或零工

work ( un)指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动

【G rammer 】 :

冠词:是限定的一种词,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词。冠词有三种形式:不定冠词

( a/an),定冠词( the)和零冠词( /)。

● 1不.定冠词的用法

不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数,指人或物种的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物。不定冠词的常见用法有:

①表示“一个”的概念。Population is a big problem for cities .

②表示“每一“的概念,相当于 every 。I watch TV once a week .

③首次提到的某人或某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions

④某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。have a good time have a look have a rest

● 2定.冠词的用法

①指前文中提到过的人或物。I have a dog . The dog is black .

②特指某人或某物。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister .

③指说话双方都知道的人或物I had to write the same report last term .

④用于专有名词前。 the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean

⑤用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun the moon

⑥用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 the Smiths

⑦用于形容词最高级前。the biggest city

⑧用于序数词前。 the first boy

⑨用于西洋乐器名词前。play the piano

⑩某些形容词前加定冠词the ,表示一类人或物。 the young the old

⑾用于某些固定短语中: in the morning the day after tomorrow

● 3零.冠词的用法

①在球类活动,学科名词前以及节日,月份,星期前不用冠词。Tom can play volleyball .

②名词前已有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词

There are many books in her schoolbag.

③在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词

by bus have breakfast at home at night

『注意』 :

在某些短语中,名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同。

in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class

数字: 分为基数词和序数词。本模块中,我们重点学习数字的读法。在英语中,每三位数

字为一个单位,按照百,十,个位向下读。而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion 递增。

数次的常见用法:

①分数表达法

在英语中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子是 1 时,分母用原形;当分子大于

向上1 时,

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最新(2013秋)人教版八年级上册英语知识点及单词

最新(2013秋)人教版八年级上册英语知识点及单词 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴of course当然feel like给……的感觉;感受到go shopping去购物in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of因为 one bowl of…一碗……the next day第二天drink tea喝茶find out找出;查明go on继续 take photos照相something important重要的事up and down上上下下come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来……look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有 seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢? so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于…… tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free有空 go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对……有好处go camping去野营not…at all一点儿也不……in one’s free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如;诸如old habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于;超过less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about…? ......怎么样?/ ……好不好? want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句?……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现……spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么? the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

八年级上册英语知识点总结

八年级上册英语:第二单元知识点总结 八年级上册英语:第二单元知识点总结 现在完成时: 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果,常 与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用; 2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。 结构:have+过去分词, get into=enter进入, what’s the price of …=how much is …问价格 dream about梦到, dream of 梦见, around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb.与某人呆一起 stay at home呆在家里, stay in bed呆在床上 , walk to =go to…on foot步行去 take off 脱下,起飞, land on/in /at 着路, all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat 请坐 , come ture实现, fly to =go to ...by plane,坐飞机

drive to =go to …by car开车, at the end of在…尽头/结尾 sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时, have been to去过 ,have gone to 去了 everyday English日常英语, first price一等奖, The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历, before long不久, long before=soon=a little later很久以前, no problem没问题, have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难, work out a problem解决一个问题, invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地, one day,某一天, some day某一天 , 连系动词,一是be 一感觉feel ,一保持keep,三变become, get turn, 四起来taste ,smell , look, sound,后跟形容词作表语。 不定代词:somebody, some one某人,anybody,anyone 任何人nobody,no one,没人everyone,everybody每个 人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没 事,everything一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。

初二英语上册知识点总结

1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的? 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如: Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如: How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如: We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如: What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色?(有特定的范围) 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置

2019八年级上册英语知识点

人教版八年级上册英语单元词组及搭配 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 词组 go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴of course当然feel like给……的感觉;感受到go shopping去购物in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天drink tea喝茶find out找出;查明go on继续 take photos照相something important重要的事up and d own上上下下come up出来 搭配 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来……nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地decide to d o sth.决定去做某事 try d oing sth.尝试做某事/ try to d o sth.尽力去做某事 forget d oing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to d o sth.忘记做某事 enjoy d oing sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start d oing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢?so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于…… tell sb. (not) to d o sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 语法:不定代词和一般过去时态 Unit2 How often do you exercise? 词组 help with housework帮助做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free有空 go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano l essons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对……有好处go camping去野营not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如;诸如ol d habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于;超过less than少于 搭配 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about…? ......怎么样?/ ……好不好? want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句?……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to d o sth. 做某事的……的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么? the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 语法:频率副词的用法

人教版八年级英语上册知识点总结(最新最全)

八年级英语上册知识点总结 Unit 1 How often do you exercise? 一、词汇精讲 1、 always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly ever和never always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。 (1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。 The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。 (2)usually 的频度为70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外。 He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。 (3)often 的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。 He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。 (4)sometimes 的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。多用于一般现在时。 It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。

Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。 (5)hardly ever 的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”,表频率,位置是“行前be后”。 I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。 (6)never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。 My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。 (3)sometimes、sometime、some time和some times He was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。

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