《计算机英语（第2版）》参考答案
注：这里仅给出《计算机英语（第2版）》新增或变化课文的答案，其他未改动课文答案参见《计算机英语（第1版）》原来的答案。
Unit One
Section C
PDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PC
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. With DataViz’s Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on your PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific ________. (format)
2. Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via ________ so that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to the PDA for on-the-go reading. (synchronization)
3. The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and Letter Recognizer are all ________ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)
4. Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and playing ________ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more ________ programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application. (multimedia; third-party)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. data field数据字段
2. learning curve学习曲线
3. third-party solution第三方解决方案
4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器
5. 开始按钮Start button
6. 指定输入区designated input area
7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system
8. 字符集character set
Unit Three
Section B
Longhorn：The Next Version of Windows
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. NGSCB, the new security architecture Microsoft is developing for Longhorn, splits the OS into two parts: a standard mode and a(n) ________ mode. (secure)
2. It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation that disable the more intensive Aero effects to boost ________ on less capable PCs. (performance)
3. With Longhorn’s new graphics and presentation engine, we can create and display Tiles on the desktop, which remind us of the old Active Desktop but are based on ________ instead of ________. (XML; HTML)
4. The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system, WinFS, which
works like a(n) ________ database. (relational)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. search box搜索框
2. built-in firewall内置防火墙
3. standalone application独立应用程序
4. active desktop 活动桌面
5. mobile device移动设备
6. 专有软件proprietary software
7. 快速加载键quick-launch key
8. 图形加速器graphics accelerator
9. 虚拟文件夹virtual folder
10. 三维界面three-dimensional interface
Unit Four
Section C
Arrays
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you know the array is in ________ form; if you see the term object[10], you know the array is in ________ form. (subscript; index)
2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the size is ________. (fixed)
3. A(n) ________ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)
4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) ________ array. (two-dimensional)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. bar chart条形图
2. frequency array频率数组
3. graphical representation图形表示
4. multidimensional array多维数组
5. 用户视图user(’s) view
6. 下标形式subscript form
7. 一维数组one-dimensional array
8. 编程结构programming construct
Unit Five
Section B
Microsoft .NET vs. J2EE
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual ________ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)
2. With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to ________ in other programming languages and to https://www.doczj.com/doc/9915518213.html, ________. (developers; components)
3. J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possible
through ________, but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)
4. One important element of the .NET platform is a common language ________, which runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. messaging model消息收发模型
2. common language runtime通用语言运行时刻（环境）
3. hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间
4. development community开发社区
5. CORBA公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构
6. 基本组件base component
7. 元数据标记metadata tag
8. 虚拟机virtual machine
9. 集成开发环境IDE（integrated development environment）
10. 简单对象访问协议SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）
Unit Six
Section A
Software Life Cycle
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and ________. (testing)
2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the ________ phase. (analysis)
3. In the system development process, the code is written in the ________ phase. (implementation)
4. In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the ________ phase. (design)
5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the ________. (structure chart)
6. In the system development process, ________ and pseudocode are tools used by programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)
7. Pseudocode is part English and part program ________. (logic)
8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the ________, white box testing is done by the ________. (user; programmer)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. standard graphical symbol标准图形符号
2. logical flow of data标准图形符号
3. test case测试用例
4. program validation程序验证
5. white box testing白盒测试
6. student registration system学生注册系统
7. customized banking package定制的金融软件包
8. software life cycle软件生命周期
9. user working environment用户工作环境
10. implementation phase实现阶段
11. 测试数据test data
12. 结构图structure chart
13. 系统开发阶段system development phase
14. 软件工程software engineering
15. 系统分析员system(s) analyst
16. 测试工程师test engineer
17. 系统生命周期system life cycle
18. 设计阶段design phase
19. 黑盒测试black box testing
20. 会计软件包accounting package
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfaces
system; software; small; user
develop; changes; quality; board; Uncontrolled
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。计算机科学的这一分支的研究，考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。软件生命周期从正式的问题详述开始，随后相继是解决方案设计、解决方案实现为程序、程序测试和程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具以及被称为编程环境的工具集，用以改进开发过程。例如，软件工具可以帮助管理程序员小组正在编写的大型程序的诸多组件。
Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.
Unit Six
Section B
Model Driven Development
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Information engineering emphasizes a modeling tool called ________ relationship diagrams. (entity)
2. One of the disadvantages of model-driven development is the long ________ of projects. (duration)
3. Unlike structured analysis and design and information engineering, object-oriented analysis and design attempts to merge the ________ and ________ concerns into singular constructs called objects. (data; process或process; data)
4. Unlike logical models, physical models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is physically and technically ________. (implemented)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. check box复选框（或选择框）
2. structured design结构化设计
3. building block（信息系统的）构建模块
4. database schema数据库模式
5. radio button单选（按）钮
6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique
7. 模型驱动开发model-driven development
8. 数据流程图data flow diagram
9. 下拉式菜单drop-down (或pull-down) menu
10. 滚动条scroll bar
Unit Six
Section C
What Is a Design Pattern?
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. A design pattern generally has four essential elements: the pattern name, ________, solution, and consequences. (problem)
2. Reusability is often a factor in object-oriented design, so the ________ of a pattern include its impact on a system’s flexibility, extensibility, or portability. (consequences)
3. The solution of a design pattern describes the elements that make up the ________, their relationships, responsibilities, and collaborations. (design)
4. With reusable object-oriented software, your design should be ________ to the problem at hand but also ________ enough to address future problems and requirements. (specific; general) II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. procedural language过程化语言
2. common design structure通用设计结构
3. class and object interaction类与对象交互
4. design constraint设计约束
5. 设计模式design pattern
6. 可复用软件reusable software
7. 面向对象的系统object-oriented system
8. 继承层次inheritance hierarchy
Unit Seven
Section C
.NET Data Access Architecture
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9915518213.html, is the ________ model for .NET-based applications. (data access)
2. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9915518213.html, currently comes with two categories of providers: ________ and ________ providers. (bridge; native或native; bridge)
3. Database connection ________ allows an application to reuse an existing connection from a
pool instead of repeatedly establishing a new connection with the database. (pooling)
4. In handling data access exception conditions, you can place your data access code within a(n) ________ block and trap any exceptions generated by using ________ blocks with the appropriate filter. (try; catch)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. bridge provider桥接提供程序
2. data library数据（文件）库
3. connection pooling连接池化技术
4. database-specific functionality数据库特有的功能
5. 默认设置default setting
6. 异常处理程序exception handler
7. 数据源data source
8. 基本类base class
Unit Nine
Section C
Network Connecting Devices
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. A(n) ________ is a connecting device that only regenerates the signal. (repeater)
2. Whereas a repeater operates only in the physical layer of the OSI model, a bridge operates in both the physical layer and the ________ layer of the OSI model. (data-link)
3. A(n) ________ is usually a computer installed with the necessary software and allows two networks, each with a completely different set of protocols, to communicate. (gateway)
4. The distinction between the two terms gateway and ________ is disappearing. They are now used interchangeably. (router)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. protocol converter协议转换器
2. physical address物理地址（或实际地址）
3. four-interface bridge 四接口网桥
4. common bus公共总线（或公用总线）
5. 数据链路层data-link layer
6. 总线拓扑结构bus topology
7. 开放式系统互连OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
8. 广域网W AN (wide area network)
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学 课文A：计算机概览 一、引言 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算 或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。 要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算 机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计 算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几 乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的 工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各 样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪 已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。 二、历史 第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数 字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台 也能做乘法的机器。 法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复 杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅 卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的 系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机 也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。 他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙 人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析 机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存 数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未 能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机 模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任 何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台 机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械 模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上 被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪 水。 3、电子计算机 第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家， 制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管 的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线 电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。 除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, 3版）》练习参考答案《计算机英语（第workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this Unit One: Computer and Computer Science categorization provides some Unit One/Section A indication of the computer's speed, size, cost, and abilities. I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron changes. First-generation 2. input; output computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计3. VLSI 4. workstations; mainframes 算机), introduced in the 5. vacuum; transistors early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation 6. instructions; software computers, appearing in the 7. digit; eight; byte early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum 8. microminiaturization; chip tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into transistors. In fourth-generation Chinese and vice versa: computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on 纸带阅读器2. paper-tape reader one chip. Fifth-generation 3. optical computer 光计算机 computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration 神经网络4. neural network with sophisticated approaches 5. instruction set 指令集 to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed 并行处理6. parallel processing processing. 差分机7. difference engine 8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 硅衬底 9. silicon substrate 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的真空管10. vacuum tube 改进将使计算机的操数据的存储与处理11. the storage and handling of data 作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交超大规模集成电路12. very large-scale integrated circuit 互的技术，也将有助于创13. central processing unit 中央处理器建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括analogue 模拟计算机个人计算机14. personal computer 15. 使用生物机体的生物计算、computer 使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位数字计算机digital computer 16. DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer 储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例18. 处理器芯片processor chip 子，而它们迄今还能力有operating instructions 19. 操作指令限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中20. 输入设备input device 的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小 的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making Unit One/Section B changes if necessary: I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, 1. experimentation processes data, stores data, and 2. interfacing produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers 3. interdisciplinary are either analog or digital. 4. microprocessor
Unit 8 Computer Networking Text 1 Data Communications The end equipment can be computers, printers, keyboards, CRTs, and so on.They are either generates the digital information for transmission or uses the received digital data. This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units. DTE is data terminal equipment. A station controller (STACO)is the corresponding unit at the secondaries. At one time, the DTE was the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system. Between the DTEs, first is the modem, and then is the communications equipment. The communication equipment is owned and maintained by Telco. Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE. And DCE converts it to some form of analog signal suitable for transmission on voice-grade lines. At the receive end, the DCE performs the reverse function. It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream. The simplest form of DCE is a modem (modulator/demodulator) or data set. At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of digital-to-analog converter.While at the receive end, it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital converter. 参考译文 数据通信 终端设备可以是计算机、打印机、键盘、CRT等。它们可以生成要发送的数字信息，也可以使用所接收的数字数据。这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息。 DTE一般称为数据终端设备。辅助设备一方的相应设备是工作站控制器（STACO）。同时，DTE也是数据链路系统中属于用户端的最后一个设备。在两个DTE之间，先是调制解调器，接着是属于Telco电话公司维护的通信设备。数据通信设备（DCE）从DTE接收串行数据流，并将其转换成适合于在语音线路上发送的某种模拟信号形式。在接收端，DCE完成相反的功能，把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流。最简单的DCE是调制解调器或数据传送机。在发送端，调制解调器可以视为一种数/模转换器，而在接收端则可视为一种模／数转换器。 Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks Computer network is a complex unit, it consists of two or more connected computing units. It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing. Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles. They include: the organization of functions, the description of data formats and procedure. In the following two sections we will discuss two important network architectures, the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model. (1)the OSI reference model The OSI (open systems interconnection) model was created by the ISO. This model is a foundation for comparing protocols; However, more protocols deviate from the rules set up by the OSI model. The OSI model has seven layers. Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture.
习题+答案 2.1 Write T or F to each stateme nt T6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device. T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times. T8. The repetiti on of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate. T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse. F10. A clock in put may occur at any time. T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register. T13. A uni direct ional shift register is capable of shift ing in one direct ion only. F14. I n a shift-left register the serial in put determ ines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register. F15. To provide parallel tran sfer capability some additi onal in put and output lines should be provided to the shift register. Choose the best an swer for each of the follow ing 1. How can the output of a logic gate be en ergized? C A By cha nging its in puts. B By rema ining its in puts un cha nged. C By meet ing the specific in put con diti on. D By givi ng a pulse. 3. A NAND gate con sists of D . A an OR gate followed by an in verter B an AND gate followed by an in verter C an AN D gate followed by an OR gate D an in verter followed by an AND gate 4. Un der what con diti on is the output of a two-i nput XOR gate logic-high? B A Its in puts are simulta neously at the same logic level. B Its in puts are simulta neously at opposite logic levels. C Its in puts are logic-low. D its in puts are simulta neously logic-high. 2.2 Write T or F for each stateme nt T 1. The CPU uses the in put and output un its to com muni cate with the outside world. F2. Main memory is sometimes called exter nal memory. F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use. F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system.. T5. Large systems offer higher process ing speeds for user and retur n more data tha n PCs.
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)
Unit1 EX1 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 T 9 T 10F EX2 Input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, output hardware power, speed, memory central processing unit internal, primary, memory keyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitor EX3 PARTA 1 F 2 D 3 G 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 E 8 H EX3 PART B 1 F 2 E 3 G 4 B 5 A 6 C 7D 8 H EX4 1 input device 2 screen 3 manipulates 4 instructions 5 retrieve 6 codes 7 hardcopy 8 function EX5 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 T
UNIT2 EX1 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F EX2 1 sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2 supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers 3 mainframe computer 4 microcomputer, storage locations 5 portables, laptop computers, desktop workstations 6 semiconductor 7 CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8 microprocessor chip EX3 PARTA 1 C 2 A 3 H 4 I 5 E 6 F 7 G 8 J EX3 PARTB 1 capacity 2 device 3 laptop computer 4 Portable computers 5 Silicon 6 semiconductor 7 workstation 8 Voltage, voltage 9 RAM 10ROM EX4 1 portable 2 access 3 main memory
Project Six Multimedia TEACHING OBJECTIVE 1. Master all the professional terms in this Unit. 2. Develop the students’ reading abilities. 3. P ractice the dialogue to improve he students’ communication ability. 4. .I mprove t he students’ the writing ability TEACHING APPROACH: 1. Method of Lecture 2. TBLT（Task Based Language Teaching ） 3. CLTA (Communicative Language Teaching Approach) IMPORTANT POINTS: 1. Words and terms 2. comprehension ability of professional articles DIFFICULT POINTS: 1 .How to grasp the main idea of the paragraph. 2. How to use specialized English knowledge to finish professional tasks in English environment. 2.TIME ALLOTMENT: 1) Theoretical learning (4课时） 2) Practical learning（2课时） 3 ) Occupation English（2课时） 4) Simulated writing:（2课时） TEACHING PROCEDURE:
Unit Five: Software Process Unit Five/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. off-the-shelf 1 2. exclusive 2 3. cascade 3 4. requirements; integration 4 5. throwaway 5 6. immediate; stable 67. reuse-oriented; framework 78. software; compromises II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 1. system specification 系统规格说明 2 2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试 3 3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期） 4 4. system validation testing 系统验证测试 5 5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程 6 6. simple linear model 简单线性模型 77. program unit 程序单元 88. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型 99. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化 1010. system evolution 系统演变 1111. 系统设计范例system design paradigm 1212. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition 1313. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach 1414. 系统文件编制system documentation 1515. 瀑布模型waterfall model 1616. 系统集成system integration 1717. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf ( 或COTS) software 1818. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE) 1919. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool 2020. 软件复用software reuse III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type of
计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考） 计算机专业英语作业1 第1－3章作业 一．V ocabulary( 词汇) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。) 1．central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 2.title bar 标题栏 3．operating system 操作系统4．personal computer 个人计算机 5．menu bar 菜单栏6．desk publishing 桌面排版 7．electronic spreadsheet 电子表格8．hard disk 硬盘 9．database 数据库10．Cursor 光标 (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．只读存储器ROM 3．传输控制协议TC P 4．数字视频光盘DVD 5．通用串行总线USB 6．计算机辅助设计CAD 7．计算机辅助制造CAM 8．中央处理器CPU (三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。) 1．键盘keybord 2．鼠标mouse 3．扫描仪scanner 4．打印机printer 5．输入input 6．输出output 7．显示器monitor 8．存储器storage 9．数据库database
10．操作系统operating system 11．应用软件application software 12．字处理器word processor 13．网络浏览器web browser 1 / 18 二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。) 1．As soon as you turn the computer off, the contents of RAM will disappear. (√) 2．Windows XP is Microsoft's most advanced desktop operating system. (√) Software can be divided into two general classes: system software and application ．3software. ()√4．Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000 . (×) 5．Application software (also called end-user program) is designed to perform a specific function directly for the user. (√) 6. Without systems software, application software in a computer is useless. (√) 7. WinZip, WinRAR and Microsoft's Internet Explorer are all data compression software. (×) 8. Word doesn't have the feature to accessing to World Wide Web. (×) 9. Menu bar displays the names of the application and document. (×) 10. Microsoft Word can help you design and manipulate spreadsheet electronically. (×). 三．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。) （一）． a. 操作系统CPU）1. central processing unit（ b. 2. hardware 输入. c. 3. RAM(random access memory) 只读存储器 d. 4. ROM(read-only memory) 应用软件 5. input e . 中央处理器 6. output f . 系统软件 7. operating system g. 硬件 8. application software h. 随机存储器 9. system software i. 内存 j. 10. memory 输出 1．e 6. j ．g 2．7a d 8. 3．h 2 / 18 4．c 9. f 5．b 10. i (二) ． 1. binary system a an input device
《计算机英语（第3版）》练习参考答案 Unit One: Computer and Computer Science Unit One/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2. input; output 3. VLSI 4. workstations; mainframes 5. vacuum; transistors 6. instructions; software 7. digit; eight; byte 8. microminiaturization; chip II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 3. optical computer 光计算机 4. neural network 神经网络 5. instruction set 指令集 6. parallel processing 并行处理 7. difference engine 差分机 8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 9. silicon substrate 硅衬底 10. vacuum tube 真空管 11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data 12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13. 中央处理器 central processing unit 14. 个人计算机 personal computer 15. 模拟计算机analogue computer 16. 数字计算机 digital computer 17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer 18. 处理器芯片 processor chip 19. 操作指令 operating instructions 20. 输入设备 input device III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操 作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创 建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、 使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存
翻译：计算机英语（第二版）姜同强——第一章 第1 章计算机系统概述 数字计算机也称为电子计算机或计算机．它无处不在．很难发现有哪个领域没有使用计算机．在本章中．我们将介绍数字计算机、数据类型、计算机的发展和计算机分类， 1 . 1 数字计算机 数字计算机是处理各种计算任务的数字系统．“数字”的意思是计算机中的信息可由具有部分离散值的变量来表示，这些离散值的内部处理是由具有部分离散状态的部件完成的．例如．十进制数字O , l , 2 ，… 9 ．即提供了10 个离散值。第一台电子数字计算机产生于20 世纪40年代末，它主要用于数值计算，那时的离散元素即为数字．为了进行数值计算而产生了数字计算机．实际上．如果只使用两种状态．数字计算机的性能将更可靠。因为部件的物理约束和人们的逻辑处理需要．所以数字计算机使用具有两种值的离散数据．这种数据称为二进制。 数字计算机使用只有数字O 和l 的二进制数据系统．一个二进制数字称作位．在数字计算机中用一组二进制表示信息。应用各种编码技术．一组二进制数字不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其他离散符号．如十进制数字或字母表中的字母．例如ASCII是用7 位二进制数字表示一个字符。通过合理使用二进制组合和各种编码技术．可产生用于完成各种类型计算的一系列指令。与基数为10 的十进制数相比．二进制数的基数为2 ．使用了数字O 和1 ．与一个二进制数等值的十进制数可以扩展为包含更多位的二进制数． 计算机系统是由硬件系统和软件系统组成的，硬件系统由看得见、摸得着的物理设备构成．如磁盘和屏幕。软件系统是管理计算机的无形“控制”，是运行在计算机中的所有程序，程序是指令的集台，它告诉硬件应该做什么，通常将计算机硬件分为3 个主要部分：输入和输出设备（I/O 设备）、中央处理器（CPU）和存储器。在第2 章中对硬件部分进行详细介绍．软件可以按其用途分类。应用软件是为诸如会计、娱乐和工程领域之类的处理任务而设计的，如果玩过计算机游戏或用字处理软件输入入过文件内容．则用户已经具有使用应用软件的体验。另一方面．系统软件控制计算机系统，它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序．而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其他程序使用的管理程序．这部分内容将在第2 章和第6 章中详细介绍， 1 . 2 数据类型 数字计算机中的二进制信息存储在存储器或处理器的寄存器中。寄存器的内容为数据或控制信息。控制信息为一位或多位．用于表明控制信号的顺序．这些信号用于处理其他寄存器的数据．数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息．通过处理这些数据得到所需的计算结果．下面介绍在数字计算机最常用的数据类型和各种数据类型在计算机的寄存器中如何以二进制代码的形式表示． 数字计算机寄存器中的数据可分类如下； ．数值数据常用来表示整数．n位无符号整数．其值的表示范围为O ～-l ；n位带符号整数．其值的表示范围为- ～-1。这两种格式的数据可以用于算术运算。有些数值数据不能表示为整数。这些数值在计算机中用浮点格式表示．典型的如小数部分。计算机中有专用于浮点数的寄存器和指令。 ．布尔值TRUE 和FALSE 经常被被使用．这使它们有自己的数据类型一一布尔型和汇编语言指令．常用0 值表示FALSE ．用非0 值表示TRUE 。布尔汇编语言 指令可以对布尔数据执行逻辑操作。与逻辑指令每位都产生操作结果不同，布尔指令只产生一个结果。下面举例来说明它们的不同，若A=0000 0010 , B =0000 0001，则二进制数据的逻辑与运算的给果为0000 0000；然而，如果它们是布尔值，因为它们均为非O ，所以A 和B 均为TRUE ，对它们进行布尔与运算给果为TRUE ，用非O 值表示。 ．计算机也可处理字符型数据。字符型数据用ASCII、EBCDIC 、UNICODE或其他字符编码标准编码后的二进制数据进行存储。计算机能将若干字符连成串，用一些字符代替其他字符或另行处理字符串，而不是用算术方法或逻辑方法处理字符。有些汇编语言指令集中包含了直接处理字符数据的指令，而另一些汇编语言指令集中则运用其他指令构成例程来达到相同的结果。 1.3 计算机的发展 第一台大型电子计算机是电子数字模拟计算机（ENIAC）,它诞生于1946 年．从此计算机经历了4 个发展年代或阶段。每一年代的特点是：与上一年代相比，体积更小，费用更低。 1 ．第一代（1944-1958）