大同中学2015年高三英语摸底测试试卷
（时间90分钟，满分100分，共12页）
I．Vocabulary (21%)
Directions: Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Note that there is one word / phrase more than you need.
(A)
A. deal
B. advocate
C. enduring
D. experimentation
AB. separate AC. budget AD. fake BC. interpret
1. ________ accommodations start at around US $17, and can go all the way to US $ 300 per person at prime resorts like Discovery Shores.
2. With more than a century of ________, Chinese water colour painting has flourish and gradually formed its own characteristics.
3. Consider setting a ________, personal email account to use with social media sites, rather than using your work, or even your main personal email.
4. Eventually Walt Disney Picture signed a ________ with Studio Ghibli in order to introduce Miyazaki’s film to Western audiences.
5. Here are some of the more common and ________ superstitions among those in the theatrical profession.
6. It appears white and gold to some people due to a phenomenon called color constancy and the way that our brains ________ colors.
7. That same year, she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador and helped launch the UN Women’s campaign HE For She, which calls for men to ________ gender equality.
(B)
A. marvel
B. significantly
C. fortune
D. founders
AB. register AC. motivate AD. encounters BC. delicate
8. His animation style is extremely ________ and realistic, as he makes sure to highlight details like the sparkling reflection of sun on water.
9. This is the third year in a row the rivals had met in Melbourne, with the previous two ________ needing five sets to decide a winner.
10. Even people born with a silver spoon in their mouth still think twice before risking only
part of their ________ on business investments.
11. When you are filling in forms online, for example to ________ with a website or sign up for a newsletter, always provide the minimum information possible.
12. Researchers at Rush University in Chicago, have developed the MIND diet, which their recent study suggests could ________ reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
13. Besides, he was one of the ________ of an organization, which was inspired by his “gangster attitude” towards gardening.
14. Thousands of tourists from across Italy and the world crowd the city’s canals, bridges, and squares every year to ________ at the colourful display of masks and costumes.
(C)
A. keep to
B. regardless of
C. make sense
D. result from
AB. live up to AC. turn out AD. in honour of BC. set aside.
15.Environmental campaigners are also pleased, but fear that it could ________ to be an empty promise.
16. First, ________ a percentage of resources (both people and dollars) for innovation, and ring a fence around these resource.
17. So long as you ________ the principle of equality and mutual benefit, trade between the two countries will further develop.
18. The Foreign Minster then hosted a lunch ________ the Secretary- General, where the discussion continued.
19. This tells your partner, ________ how upset you are with him or with her, you still want to be in relationship.
20. Nuland said the Syrian government has failed to ________ its obligations, including its previous offers.
21. The experiment shows that women’s choice of partner may ________ what characteristics they think faces show.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary(26%)
Section A （16%）
Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A
Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely eleven act of stealing or
an even cleverer cheat. Either way, it could be the perfect crime, (22) ________ the criminals are birds-horning pigeons.
The crime begins (23) ________ a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner (24) ________ (direct) to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. (25) ________ at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in face be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind--- (26) ________ that avoid not only colleting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner (27) ________ (place) an ad. in the newspaper asking for help.
The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars (28) ________(return). Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars -seems too little for a car worth many times more .
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped (29) ________ ________ ________ the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do, “ he said.
B
When Babbage was working at Cambridge, a new idea occurred to him. He wanted to construct a (30) ________ (calculate) machine to work out the solutions to maths problems not only with correctness but also with a speed beyond the power of any human mind. His machine could solve problems (31) ________ (involve) long rows of figures in one continuous operation.
In 1822 Babbage exhibited his invention and won a prize from the government. After that, he immediately started to work on a (32) ________ (large) machine designed to solve more difficult problems. Although he received some money left by his father, the money was not enough to support his design. He wrote to the government about his plan and was given ￡2500 to start with, a sum worth much more in those days (33) ________ it is now.
Babbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down, and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828, he was at the end of his resources. Many bills (34) ________ (remain) unpaid. His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During this period, Babbage, (35) ________ mind was always active, suddenly thought
of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time, they were unwilling to help him. For eight years, they refused to say (36) ________ they wanted the machine or not, and their final answer was “No.”
From 1828 to 1839, Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully. But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood (37) ________ (cover) in dust in his house. It was the beginning of the modern computer.
Section B （10%）
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A detailed survey of birds and butterflies in Britain shows a population decline of 54% to 71%, a finding that suggests the world may be ____38____ another major extinction.
In a series of population surveys that ____39____ virtually every square yard of England, Scotland and Wales over 40 years, more than 20,000 volunteers counted each bird, butterfly and native plant they could find. An ____40____ of the findings appears this week in the journal Science.
The results showed that populations of the surveyed species are in sharp decline throughout England, Wales and Scotland, with some species gone altogether.
“Population extinctions were ____41____ in all the main ecosystems of Britain,”the authors report in Science. They suggested that the finding strengthens the hypothesis shared by many scientists that “the biological world is approaching the sixth major extinction ____42____ its history.”
Scott Miller, a biologist with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, said the British study was impressive and powerful because it was so ____43____.
“The United Kingdom has a monitoring system (for birds, plants and wildlife) that is unmatched,” Miller said. “They may not be ____44____ of the world as a whole, but they have the best data.”
He said the ____45____ supports the idea that the rise of humans over the tens of thousands of years along with climate changes are bringing on an extinction of many species
and ____46____ the natural world in ways that aren’t thoroughly understood.
Scientists have ____47____ five extinction events in Earth’s history, with some so severe that more than 90% of all life forms were killed off.
III. Reading Comprehension（38%）
Section A Cloze (15%)
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Every year the United Sates exports “cultural products” to the rest of the world while it only imports similar products from other countries equal to about one percent of the amount exported. Movies, for example, are one such ____48____. The movie industry in countries like England and Italy is almost completely ____49____ on American exports. Both countries report that 85% to 95% of all movie tickets sold each year are for movies produced in the United States. Millions of people worldwide buy American pop, rap, and rock music. Billions of people drink Coca-Cola and eat McDonald’s hamburgers. American software ____50____ the computer market.
Can all of the above products be called “cultural”, however? That depends on how one ____51____ culture. Most people ____52____ culture into two forms: “high”culture and “low”culture. High culture is the kind produced by writers and ____53____. It is more concerned with stimulating thought in the people who view or use it and does not ____54____ care how marketable people find it Low culture, ____55____. is viewed as a product usually for entertainment and is only as good as how well it sells. Because it is ____56____ by masses of people, this type of culture can also be called “mass culture”. The ____57____ between low and high culture are not very clear.
Pierre Guerlain, a professor of English and American Studies in France, points out that when a cultural product is imported, the product cannot cover the existing culture, thus ____58____ it. The imported product is changed to adapt to the local context. Anyone who believes that a society which imports American products of mass culture will become a ____59____ of America is being naive(幼稚的).
America may seem to have the strongest hand in exporting cultural products, but there is a boomerang(相反的) ____60____ for being more of an exporter than importer. Because Europeans and Japanese import so many cultural products from the United States, they know a lot more about American culture ____61____ than Americans know about European or Japanese culture. It is a definite advantage for the Europeans and Japanese to be bilingual as well as bicultural. These countries can use their knowledge of American society and
____62____ to increase their chances of success in the American market
48. A. aspect
49. A. fixed
50. A. dominates
51. A. defines
52. A. prefer
53. A. designers
54. A. comprehensively
55. A. as a result
56. A. consumed
57. A. connections
58. A. overcoming
59. A. source
60. A. effect
61. A. in particular
62. A. values B. product
B. emphasized
B. abandons
B. presents
B. divide
B. technicians
B. temporarily
B. as a whole
B. produced
B. distinctions
B. accepting
B. supplier
B. feedback
B. in general
B. economy
C. example
C. called
C. enters
C. absorbs
C. alter
C. composers
C. necessarily
C. on the average
C. invested
C. ranges
C. attracting
C. copy
C. disadvantage
C. in contrast
C. policies
D. project
D. dependent
D. grasps
D. creates
D. view
D. artists
D. representatively
D. on the other hand
D. sponsored
D. advantages
D. replacing
D. target
D. idea
D. in the meantime
D. characteristics
Section B (15%)
Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
While Jennifer was at house taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor （监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked remotely to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating,
experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid —that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information, such as the telephone number they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
63. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?
A. To correct her typing mistakes.
B. To find her secrets in the room.
C. To prevent her from slowing down.
D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors.
64. The underlined expression “cutting edge”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. advanced technique
B. sharpening tool
C. effective rule
D. dividing line
65. Some programs can find out possible cheaters by __________.
A. checking the question answering speed
B. producing a large number of questions
C. scanning the Internet test questions
D. giving difficult test questions
66. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. The Advantages of Online Exams
B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses
C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education
D. The War against the Booming of Online Education
(B)
67. This passage is most probably ____.
A. an advertisement for enrolling new employees
B. a school report at the end of an academic year
C. a self-introduction meant to apply for a job
D. a part of a recommendation letter from a university
68. According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be ____.
A. a wise leader
B. a good social worker
C. a gifted scientist
D. a skillful performer
69. From the passage we learn that Donald Sloan ____.
A. is good at singing and dancing
B. specializes in applied psychology
C. has an interest in being a surgeon
D. is about to graduate from a university
(C)
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling”study published by Consumers International Friday .
Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings，a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
“While many good and useful claims are being made , it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder .
The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
The report focused on claims made by specific products , such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products . It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.
70. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ______
A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
B) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving
C) consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim
D) few products actually prove to be environment friendly
71. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to _______
A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
B) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
C) examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
72. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems
B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false
C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer
D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need
73. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ____.
A) prove the efforts of non-polluting products
B) see all household products meet environmental standards
C) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
D) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
Section C (8%)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more
important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated (支配) developmental psychology for almost half a century.
Ms. Harris’ attack on the developmentalists “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce (加强) doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer (同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence. Ms Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxedly, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms Harris argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and people’s child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example，parents are not completely off the hook.
(Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS).
74. What’s the traditional developmental psychology’s view of children rearing?
_____________________________________________________________________
75. How does the author think parents can influence their children?
_____________________________________________________________________
76. Besides resembling their parents more, most people find that_____________________ when they reach middle age.
77. As far as children’s bringing up is concerned, the author seems to agree that______________________________________________________________________.
Translation (15%)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 要采取措施确保所有学生都恩能够利用图书馆的资料。（access）
2. 面临困境，你越冷静，越能找到正确的应对之策。（likely）
3. 很凑巧，我堂妹在上班路上偶遇到了二十年未谋面的高中同学。（happen）
4. 是知道许多物种灭绝以后，人类才意识到自己的活动对自然界影响深远。（until）
参考答案：
1-7 AC, D, AB, A, C, BC, B
8-14 BC, AD, C, AB, B, D, A
15-21 AC, BC, A, AD, B, AB, D
22. because 23. with 24. is directed 25. what 26. one 27. to place 28. have been returned 29 as long as
30. calculating 31. involving 32. larger 33. than 34. remained 35. whose 36. whether 37. covered
38-47 AB, D, AC, BC, AD, D, ABC, B, C, BD
48-62BDAAB DCDAB DCABA
63-66 DABC 67-69 CBD 70-73 BCBD
74. Parents have important long-term effects on children’s personality.
75. By choosing their peers and their neighbourhood for them.
76. child rearing habits may be formed by what parents did.
77. parents, playground friends and neighbourhood all have a role to play.
Translation:
1.Measures should be taken to ensure that all students have access to the resources
in the library.
2.Facing the difficulties, the calmer you are, the more likely you are to find out the
solution,
3.It happened that my cousin bumped into a schoolmate who she hadn’t met for
twenty years on her way to work.
4.It was not until many species had become extinct that man realized that his
activity had a powerful impact on nature.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section B Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts(21)________(fasten) because there might be a few bumps.Well,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(22)________(pale)by comparison. The movement was so sudden(23)________several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________you might guess,that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________one.A baby was having a good time!With each bump of the aircraft,he(26)________let out a giggle of happiness.As I observed this,I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.He(27)________thought about the past nor about the future.Those are (28)________we grown-ups have learned from experience.He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________(not teach)to fear it.(30)________(understand)this,I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat,pretending I was really on a roller coaster.I smiled for the rest of the flight.I even managed to giggle once or twice,which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag. C Section People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.If you lived in the Mediterranean,for instance,you would consider octopus a great__31__.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.On the other hand,your stomach would__32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the__33__accepted practice in many northern countries.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we__34__to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.There are countless people who,ever since their early years,have learned to__35__snails with food.My friend,Robert,lives in a country where snails are despised.As his flat is in a large town,he has no garden of his own.For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.The idea never appealed to me very much,but one day,after a heavy__36__,I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my__37__plants.Acting on a sudden impulse,I collected several dozen,put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert.Robert was delighted to see me and__38__pleased with my little gift.I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. 第1页/共8页
上海市第三十一届初中物理竞赛(大同中学杯) 初赛试卷 第一部分：单项选择题 1．最先通过科学实验发现电流磁效应的物理学家是( ) A.法拉第 B.安培 C.库仑 D.奥斯特 2．夏天，把棒冰拿在手里，剥去纸后，棒冰周围冒出的“白气”主要是( ) A.空气中的水蒸气遇冷凝结成的小水珠 B.棒冰中的水蒸发后形成的水蒸气 C.棒冰中的冰升华为水蒸气，水蒸气再凝结成的雾 D.人呼出的气体中的水蒸气，遇到低温棒冰而凝华成的小冰晶 3．如图所示，一束粒子沿水平方向飞过小磁针的卞方，此时小磁针的N极向纸 内偏转，这一束粒子可能是( ) A.向右飞行的正离子束 B.向左飞行的负离子束 C.向右飞行的电子束 D.向左飞行的电子束 4．在如图所示的电路中，电阻R1和R2并联，则三个电表中( ) A.表1、表2是电流表，表3是电压表 B.表1、表2是电压表，表3是电流表 C.表1、表2、表3都是电流表 D.表1、表2、表3都是电压表 5．如图所示，把一个带负电的物体，靠近一个原来不带电的验电器的金属小球，然后用手去触摸金属小球(人体是通大地的导体)，再移开手，这时( ) A.金属小球和金属箔都不带电 B.金属小球不带电，金属箔带负电 C.金属小球带正电，金属箔带负电 D.金属小球带正电，金属箔不带电
6．木块静止在水平桌面上，关于桌面对木块的弹力跟木块受到的重力之间关系的说法中，错误的是( ) A.一对作用力和反作用力 B.一对平衡力 C.一对大小相等、方向相反的力 D.作用在同一物体上的力 7．如图所示，底面积不同的柱状容器甲、乙分别盛有两种液体，液体对容器底部的压强P甲 上海市第30届初中物理竞赛（大同中学杯）复赛试卷1、山区高速公路上连续下坡路段常有避险车道。避险车道 是指在长徒下坡路段行车道外侧增设的供速度失控车辆驶 离正线安全.减速的专用车道。如图所示为某段山区高速 路旁的避险车道,其目的是( ) A. 让慢速车辆从这个车道驶出,避兔被后方车辆追尾 B. 让快速车辆从这个车道驶出, 避免与前方车辆相撞 C. 让刹车失灵的车辆.从这个岔道驶上斜坡，从而避兔被后方车辆追尾 D. 让刹车失灵的率辆从这个岔道驶上斜坡，从而使车辆减速停率 2、下列四个现象与右图所示现象涉及的原理不同的是( ) A.飞机加速起飞 B. 氢气球浮在空中 C. 足球比赛中的弧线球 D. 无安全门的地铁站台，管理人员要求乘客站在黄线后候车 3、关于扩散现象,下列说法中正确的是( ) A. 扩散现象仅能发生在液体和气体中 B. 扩散现象是不同物质间的一种化学反应 C. 扩散现象是由物质分子无规则透动产生的 D. 扩散现象是由物质分子的定向移动所形成的 4、如图所示,西束平行白光 A、B照射到透明玻璃球后,在玻璃球与空气界面处发生一次或两次全反射后射在水平的白色桌面上，形成MN 和 PQ两条彩色光带。以下说法正确的是( ) A. 光束A、B在玻璃球内均发生一次全反射；M、N、P、Q 点的颜色分别为紫、红、紫、红 B. 光束A、B在玻璃球内均发生二次全反射；M、N、P、Q 点的颜色分别为紫、红、紫、红 C. 光束A在玻璃球内发生两次全反射，光束B为一次；M、N、P、Q 点的颜色分别为红、紫、紫、红 D. 光束A在玻璃球内均发生一次全反射，光束 B为两次；M、N、P、Q 点的 III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked. Section B Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (B) With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type. Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applicat ions that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior. Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem. The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account. Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field. A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be 一、初二物理物态变化实验易错压轴题（难） 1．在观察水的沸腾实验中： (1)实验装置如图所示，装置中存在的明显错误是_______； (2)纠正错误后，继续实验，当观察到烧杯内产生大量气泡，气泡上升变大且杯口有大量的“白气”形成，表明水在沸腾。杯内气泡中的气体主要是_______（选填“空气”或“水蒸气”），杯口的“白气”是_______（选填“液态”或“气态”）； (3)如图所示，是小明实验时，根据记录的数据绘出的水温度随加热时间变化的图像。根据图像可知：水的沸点是_______℃，水面上的气压_______（选填“大于”或“小于”）1标准大气压。仔细观察图像还发现：加热5min后到水沸腾前，水的温度升高得慢一些，水温升得慢的主要原因是_______。 【答案】温度计玻璃泡碰到了容器底水蒸气液态 99 小于水与空气的温差大，散热快 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 (1)[1]由实验装置图知，温度计的玻璃泡碰到了容器底。 (2)[2]杯内气泡中的气体主要是水蒸气，虽然水中溶解了一些其它气体，但在水沸腾时，这些气体基本上都逸出了。 [3]杯口的白气是水蒸气遇到冷的空气液化成小水珠形成的，所以是液态。 (3)[4][5]由实验图象知，水的沸点是99℃，则此时水面上的气压低于1标准大气压。[6]开始加热时，水与空气温度相近，水吸热的热量向外散失少，而随着水的温度升高，与空气温度相差越大，则向外散失的热量就越多，那么水升温会变慢，即是水与空气的温差越大，散热越快。 2．下雨前的空气湿度一般比较大，所以空气湿度情况是进行天气预报的一项重要依据。如图所示是一种反映空气中水蒸气含量的装置，叫做干湿泡温度计。它由两个相同的温度计并列组成，其中一个温度计用湿布包起来。 2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试 II.Grammar and Vocabulary 温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。 Section A Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence. 25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London. A. /, a B. an, a C. a, the D. the ,the 26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he can reach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself. A. once, if B. that ,if C. when, while D. where, when 27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the great contributions ________ to man’s efficiency. A. having ever been made B. ever been made C. ever made D. having ever made 28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it. A. as B. unless C. until D. when 29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ the public believe that it does. A. / B. whether C. that D. if 上海市进才中学2020届高三下学期3月月考 英语试题 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Grammar and Vocabulary Universities Show “ Red Card” to English Majors An increasing number of Chinese universities are showing English the “red card” and sending it off the academic playing field. Just last month, five more universities announced that they would no longer offer English as a major, _____1_____ CET-4 (大学英语四级考试) will still be required for graduation. At first sight, it may appear that these universities are downgrading the importance of learning English. In actual fact, they are responding to the economic reality _____2_____English majors do not have good job prospects after graduation. And the same holds true for graduates in other Arts majors. According to MyCOS, the Beijing-based education research group, English graduates, along with those in history, literature and law, have _____3_____(low) starting salaries and lowest employment rate. Engineering, economics and science graduates have better job prospects and make twice as much money, with IT graduates ____4____ (make) the most. In _____5_____ 1980s, the Chinese government made the study of English a priority as part of its reform and opening-up policy. English majors were in high demand in business and in government because people with good English-language skills were so rare. Today, about 350 million Chinese have studied, or are studying, English. Ten million of them _____6_____ (consider) functionally bilingual. So, when an employer looks at a graduate’s résumé , it is assumed that he or she has good English skills. However, for those of you who truly love English, you should not be discouraged. The demand for English teachers is still high at all levels of education, _____7_____in public schools and in private institutions. Zhang Lu is probably familiar to most of you as the elegant young woman _____8_____ (see) standing or sitting slightly behind top government officials when they meet leaders from 南模中学高三三模数学试卷 2019.05 一. 填空题 1. 若集合{|310}A x x =+>，{||1|2}B x x =-<，则A B =I 2. 若复数z 满足 1i i z -=-，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = 3. 若函数1 ()1f x x =+（0x >）的反函数为1()f x -，则不等式1()2f x ->的解集为 4. 试写出71 ()x x -展开式中系数最大的项 5. 若函数4y =a ，最大值为b ，则2lim 34n n n n n a b a b →∞-=- 6. 已知平面上三点A 、B 、C 满足||AB =u u u r ，||BC =u u u r ||CA =u u u r ，则 AB BC BC CA CA AB ?+?+?u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r 的值等于 7. 设P 是曲线tan x y θθ?= ???=? （θ为参数）上的一动点，O 为坐标原点，M 为线段OP 的中 点，则点M 的轨迹的普通方程为 8. 在等差数列{}n a 中，首项13a =，公差2d =，若某学生对其中连续10项进行求和，在 遗漏掉一项的情况下，求得余下9项的和为185，则此连续10项的和为 9. 从集合{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}A =中任取两个数，欲使取到的一个数大k 于，另一个数小 于k （k A ∈）的概率为 2 5 ，则k = 10. 已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为(1)2n n n a n =-?+（*n ∈N ），则这个数列的前n 项和为 n S = 11. 已知函数1 ()f x x x =- ，数列{}n a 是公比大于0的等比数列，且61a =， 1239101()()()()()f a f a f a f a f a a +++???++=-，则1a = 12. 定义在R 上的奇函数()f x ，当0x ≥时，1 2log (1)[0,1)()1|3|[1,) x x f x x x +∈??=??--∈+∞?，则关于x 的 函数()()F x f x a =-（01a <<）的所有零点之和为 （结果用a 表示） 二. 选择题 13. 已知非零向量a r 、b r ，“函数2 ()()f x ax b =+r r 为偶函数”是“a b ⊥r r ”的（ ）条件 A. 充分非必要 B. 必要非充分 C. 充要 D. 既不充分也不必要 2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一） Grammarand Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank. Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it ___3___(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end. Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, ___5___ the cost of the statue kept riding. ___6___(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue. While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, t he idea of thestatue was difficult ___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New Y ork City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could. In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top. 上海中学高三期中数学卷 2019.11 一. 填空题 1. 已知集合，，则 {|42}M x x =-<<2{|60}N x x x =--上海市第初中物理竞赛大同中学杯复赛试卷
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