1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became know as the “______” who appeared in America.
A Ninth Muse
B Tenth Muse
C Best Muse
D First Muse
[1].
2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature.
A Purple prose
B Paste-land imagery
C Local color
D Symbolism
[2].
3. The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership was known as_____.
A the Holocaust
B the Harlem Renaissance
C abolitionism
D the Civil Rights Movement
[3].
4. _______ was a leading 19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement.
A Margaret Fuller
B Sylvia Plath
C Hilda Doolittle
D Gloria Stein
[4].
5. Which of the following is not typical of modern poetry?
A gushing sentimentalism and comfortable images
B abandonment of earlier verse forms
C use of free verse
D an effort to find and/or explore a new role for the poet in a changing world
[5].
6. Who was perhaps the most popular of all 20th century American poets?
A Ezra Pound
B Walt Whitman
C Robert Frost
D Allen Ginsburg
[6].
7. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as
_______.
A The Jazz Age
B The Gilded Age
C The Roaring Age
D The Beat Age
[7].
8. Which is true of the “Fireside Poets”?
A They were generally strongly in favor of abolishing slavery.
B They were deeply involved in the Transcendentalist movement.
C They were a group of 19th century New England poets who were
tremendously popular and respected at the time they wrote.
D They opposed to tradition and were in favor of radical change.
[8].
9. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel ________.
A The Old Man and the Sea
B For Whom the Bell Tolls
C The Sun Also Rises
D A Farewell to Arms
[9].
10. The Brahmists or Boston Brahmi, in American literature, refers to _______.
A The highest ranking of the Hindu castes.
B A movement that emerged from rebellion against Puritan religious ideas and systems.
C A group of New England writers known for their scholarship and/or conservative philosophy.
D A school of imaginative writing.
[10].
11. Which of the following is one of Ben Franklin’s famous proverbs?
A “A stitch in time saves nine”
B “God helps those who help themselves”
C “A Friend in need is a friend indeed”
D “Ask not who the bell tolls, the bell tolls for thee”
[11].
12. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment.
A Romanticism
B Realism
C Naturalism
D Modernism
[12].
13. Although few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry.
A Anne Bradstreet
B Gertrude Stein
C Emily Dickinson
D Amy Lowell
[13].
14. Which of the following writers died a natural death in his old age?
A Jack London
B Ernest Hemingway
C Stephen Crane
D Mark Twain
[14].
15. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet?
A Henry Wordsworth Longfellow
B Amy Lowell
C Ezra Pound
D Robert Frost
[15].
16. English literature in the America is only about more than ________ years old.
A. 500
B. 400
C. 200
D. 100
[16].
17. The establisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist ___________ .
A. John Winthrop
B. John Smith
C. William Bradford
D. John Goodwin
[17].
18. The early history of___________ Colony was the history of Bradford's leadership.
A. Plymouth
B. Jamestown
C. New England
D. Mayflower
[18].
19. __________ usually was regarded as the first American writer.
A. William Bradford
B. Anne Bradstreet
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Captain John Smith
[19].
20. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true?
A. He was a great Puritan historian.
B. He was an inexhaustible writer.
C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian.
D. He was a graduate of Oxford College.
[20].
21. Jonathan Edwards' best and most representative sermon was ____ .
A. A True Sight of Sin
B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
C. A Model of Christian Charity
D. God's Determinations
[21].
22. Which writer is not a poet?
A. Michael Wigglesworth
B. Anne Bradstreet
C. Edward Taylor
D. Thomas Hooker
[22].
23. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the__________ .
A. Revolutionism
B. Reason
C. Individualism
D. Rationalism
[23].
24. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _________ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution
D. Evolution
[24].
25. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____________ in 1776.
A. the Declaration of Independence
B. the Sugar Act
C. the Stamp Act
D. the Mayflower Compact
[25].
26. Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?
A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.
B. He was a scientist.
C. He was a master of diplomacy.
D. He was a Puritan.
[26].
27. The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of___________.
A. Thomas Hood
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
[27].
28. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the____________ .
A. American Enlightenment
B. Sugar Act
C. Chartist movement
D. Romanticist
[28].
29. From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous __________, an annual collection of proverbs.
A. The Autobiography
B. Poor Richard's Almanac
C. Common Sense
D. The General Magazine
[29].
30. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
A. Common Sense
B. The American Crisis
C. Pennsylvania Magazine
D. The Autobiography
[30].
31. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, was established in____________ to serve the "muslin sex".
A. New England
B. Virginia
C. Massachusetts
D. New York
[31].
32. As a philosophical and literary movement, ____________ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.
A. modernism
B. rationalism
C. sentimentalism
D. transcendentalism
[32].
33. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in___________ and Henry David Thoreau.
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Philip Freneau
D. Oversoul
[33].
34. _________ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.
A. Henry David Thoreau
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. Walt Whitman
[34].
35. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the "highest power of the soul."
A. intuition
B. logic
C. data of the senses
D. thinking
[35].
36. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _______________ , there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century.
A. Herman Melville
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Mark Twain
D. Theodore Dreiser
[36].
37. Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England
A. Transcendentalism
B. Humanism
C. Naturalism
D. Unitarianism
[37].
38. Mark Twain created, in____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.
A. Huckleberry Finn
B. Tom Sawyer
C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D. The Gilded Age
[38].
39. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth
century. This was _____.
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Harriet Beecher
[39].
40. The publication of the novel____________ stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war.
A. My Bondage and My Freedom
B. Stanzas on Freedom
C. V oices of Freedom
D. Uncle Tom' s Cabin
[40].
41. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the
Enlightenment, _______________ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution
D. Evolution
[41].
42. Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?
A. Michael Wigglesworth
B. Edward Taylor
C. Anne Bradstreet
D. Philip Freneau
[42].
43. The finest example of Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan
Boston in _______.
A. The Scarlet Letter
B. Young Goodman Brown
C. The Marble Faun
D. The Ambitious Guest
[43].
44. ____________ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.
A. Thoreau
B. Emerson
C. Hawthorne
D. Whitman
[44].
45. Choose the work NOT written by Mark Twain.
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. Innocents Abroad
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. The Rise of Silas Lapham
[45].
46. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?
A. The American Scholar
B. English Traits
C. The Conduct of Life
D. Representative Men
[46].
47. Melville’s ____________________ is an encyclopedia of everything, history,
philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
A. The Old Man and the Sea
B. Moby Dick
C. White Jacket
D. Billy Budd
[47].
48. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth
century. This was ___________.
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Harriet Beecher
[48].
49. The main theme of _______________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary
credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.
A. Henry James’
B. William Dean Howells’
C. Mark Twain’s
D. O. Henry’s
[49].
50. ___________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the
poetry of Li Po into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas.
A. Ezra Pound
B. Robert Frost
C. T. S. Eliot
D. E. E. Cummings
[50].
51. With William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain active on the
scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
[51].
52. Ezra Pound's long poem____________ contained more than one hundred
poems loosely connected.
A. The WasteLand
B. The Cantos
C. Don Juan
D. Queen Mab
[52].
53. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a
revolu-tion in literary style and language.
A. Gertrude Stein
B. Ezra Pound
C. James Joyce
D. all of the above
[53].
54. __________ tells the Joad family' s life from the time they were evicted from
their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.
A. Of Mice and Men
B. The Grapes of Wrath
C. The Great Gatsby
D. For Whom the Bell Tolls
[54].
55. The two areas on which the modem American writers concentrated their
criti-cism were the failures of American society and ___________ .
A. the failure of communication among Americans
B. the economic depression
C. the extreme prosperity of America
D. the paradise of NewLand
[55].
56. Mark Twain created, in____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature
A. Huckleberry Finn
B. Tom Sawyer
C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D. The Gilded Age
[56].
57. Choose the work NOT written by Mark Twain.
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. Innocents Abroad
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. The Rise of Silas Lapham
[57].
58. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend
in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
[58].
59. The American social upheavals and the literary concerns of the Great Depression years ended with
the prosperity and turmoil brought by the _____________.
A. First World War
B. Second World War
C. Civil War
D. War of Independence
[59].
60. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected.
A. The Waste Land
B. The Cantos
C. Don Juan
D. Queen Mab
[60].
61. __________, a poetic tragedy on the betrayal of Thomas a Becket, is a drama of impressive spiritual power.
A. "The Confidential Clerk"
B. "The Cocktail Party"
C. "The Family Reunion"
D. "Murder in the Cathedral"
[61].
62. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot
Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this
living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as ______.
A. The Roaring Twenties
B. The Jazz Age
C. The Dollar Decade
D. all of the above
[62].
63. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a revolu-tion in literary style
and language.
A. Gertrude Stein
B. Ezra Pound
C. Thomas Stearns Eliot
D. all of the above
[63].
64. _________ tells the Joad family's life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma
until their first winter in California.
A. Of Mice and Men
B. The Grapes of Wrath
C. The Great Gatsby
D. For Whom the Bell Tolls
[64].
65. _________ wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which re-presented different social forces; the old decaying upper class; the rising, am-bitious, unscrupulous class of the "poor Whites"; and the Negroes who labored for both of them.
A. William Faulkner
B. F. Scott Fitzgerald
C. Ernest Hemingway
D. John Steinbeck
[65].
英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末
英美文学试卷A 共9页第 I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’) 1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories. 2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama. 3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urban life. 4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influences that brought about the English Romantic Movement. 5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw. 7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”. 8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature. 9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and American consciousness.
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2. In The song of Beowulf , Beowulf fought against _______. A. Grendel B. a knight C. Hrothgar D. Sir Gawain 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5. John Milton was the writer of ______ A. Paradise lost B. The Pilgrims progress C. Tess D. Emma 6. The greatest of all English authors is _______ A. William Shakespeare B. Charles Dickens C, Thomas Hardy D. Robert Frost 7. Of all the 18thcentury novelists, _______ and Tobias Gorge Smollet may be regard as the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison D. Richard Steel 8. The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was _____ A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison https://www.doczj.com/doc/9913577045.html,urence Sterne 9. The most outstanding figure of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was ______. A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Richard Steel 10. Daniel Defoe was the writer of ______ A. Gulliver’s Travels B. Robinson Crusoe C. Jane Eyre D. A Modest Proposal 11. Gulliver’s Travels was written by ______. A. Laurence Sterne B. Daniel Defoe C. Jonathan Swift D. Oliver Goldsmith 12. Tom Jones was written by _____ A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Henry Feilding 13. The songs of Innocence was written by ____ A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. Robert Burns D. J.Keats 14. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____ in collaboration with S.T. Colerige, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature. A. The Cloud B. To a Sky-lark C. to Autumn D. Lyrical Ballads 15.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __. A.J.Keats B.W.Blake C.W.Wordsworth D.P.B.Shelley 16. ______ was Byron’s greatest work. A. Don Juan B.She Walks in Beauty C. Cain D. Manfred. 17.Ulysses (1922) is generally acknowledged to be ______’s masterpiece and a typical example of stream of consciousness technique. A. James Joyce B. Virginia Woolf C. D. h. Lawrence D. Charles Dickens 18. The Title Vanity Fair was borrowed by Thackeray from the_____ by Bunyan. A. Pilgrim’s Progress B. Canterbury Tales C. Paradise Lost D. Beowulf
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3 I). Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 11. He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。 12. With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.1819年至1820年，欧文出版了《见闻札记》，该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的文学荣誉。 13. A History of New York---He parodies or imitates Homer.《纽约史》在多方面模仿了荷马。 14. Like the two famous personae he created, Diedrich Knickerbocker and Geoffrey Crayon, Irving remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past.他所创造的两个人物Diedrich Knickerbocker和Geoffrey Crayon和他一样，都停留在对过去的事情的津津乐道上。 15. We hear rather than read, for there is musicality in almost every line of his prose. We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.他的作品行文优美流畅，犹如音乐。他的作品寓教于乐，给人以轻松安逸之感，如入梦境。 16. He is worth the honor of being“the American Goldsmith”for his literary craftsmanship.在创作艺术方面他堪称是“美国的近匠”。 17. “rip van winkle”—Here, Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at on ce made unforgettable.“瑞普.凡.温克尔”---欧文在此表达了对一去不复返的东西十分依恋，笔触生动，令人难忘。 (II). Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 18. New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the history of American literature.在美国浪漫主义时期的文学中，新英格兰的超验主义是不可或缺的。 19. Emersonian Transcendentalism is actually a philosophical school which absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism and European Romanticism, with its focus on the intuitive knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man.爱默生的超验主义实际上是在吸收美国清教思想，强调人类具有本能的掌握宇宙绝对真理和人的神性而形成的一个哲学流派。 20. In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the individual, and Nature.爱默生的文章提出了超灵哲学,个人及自然的重要性。 21. Emerson id a ffirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.爱默生相信人的直觉知识。人类可以利用自己的直觉决定是非并采取相应得行动。 22. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.一个理想的个人应是自助自立的人。 23. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”“回到自然中去吧，沉浸在自然的影响中吧，你将重新获得精神的完整。” 24. In 1845, a great transcendentalist work Walden was born.1845年，写成了超验主义的伟大作品《沃尔登》。
Rip Van Winkles https://www.doczj.com/doc/9913577045.html,pare the different situations in the village for Rip Van Winkle before and after his 20-year sleep. —Before: peaceful, phlegm (冷静) drowsy tranquility, quiet little inn —After: populous, large, their dress altered; hustling; busy; bustling disputatious; 2.Do you think Rip’s wife is also a well-developed figure? How does this figure impress you? —Yes, Rip’s wife is diligent, hard-working, shrew, responsible, but she loves his families and full of responsibilities. Scarlet Letter A.Natural symbols present things for the idea people commonly associate with them. i.Eg, a star for hope, night for death, rain often for fertility or the renewal of life. B.Conventional symbols present thing for the meanings people within a particular group have agreed to give them. C.Literary symbols sometimes build upon natural or conventional symbols, adding meanings appropriate primarily with the work at hand, but sometimes they also create meanings within a work for things that have no natural or conventional meaning outside it. Eg, a Christian cross for the association it evokes in people familiar with the religion. 1.What symbols have you found in the selection? Explain. —A：sin, adultery(通奸)；Adam; apostle; ambivalence(矛盾心理，矛盾情绪); Abba (father); Arthur (Dimmesdale); —Hester: Adultery; Anguish; Agony; Alone; Alienation（疏远）; Able; Aid; Angle 2.Who empowers Dimmesdale to stand on the scaffold? —God/Strong guilty/love 3.Why does Dimmesdale want to reveal? —His sin was forgiven. —He wanted to be sowed, selwared, live innocent and without sin. —He wanted to get rid of the woman's husband. —He wanted to be forgiven by god. 4.Why does Chillingworth try desperately to stop Dimmesdale from confessinghis sins on the scaffold? —①He wants to torture Dimmesdale again and kill him slowly. —②Compare with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth is more sinful. Song of Myself 1. What does “I” and “You” stand for? —“I”which serves as narrator, who should not be limited to or confused with the person of the historical. You: Reader. 2. Explain the symbolic meaning of “a spear of summer grass”. —“Grass” is a symbol of hope and youth, “spear” is a symbol of male energy, and “summer” is the hot season. All the three images put together form an energetic and hopeful picture, which indicates Whitman’ s optimism and experience. 3. What does “Creeds and schools in abeyance” refer to? — A state of being temporarily set aside the religion. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn 1.Read the first paragraph carefully, especially the last sentence and detect its language features. — A. Full of mistakes. B. The last sentence is so long with wrong grammatical structure. 2.How does Huck, a b oy with rebellious spirit, come to be a real hero in the reader’s mind? — All of Huck’ s heroic virtues come from his good heart and his sense of humanity. A. He loves freedom. When he is adopted by a widow, in fact, he doesn’t like the well-behaved life and he prefers the free and
Comment on Walden In 1845, Thoreau decided to conduct an experiment of self-sufficiency by building his own house on the shores of Walden Pond and living off the food he grew on his farm. He sought to reduce his physical needs to a minimum, in order to free himself for study, thought, and observation of nature, himself. Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level. But it is, first and foremost, a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. Considered one of the all-time great books, Walden is a record of Thoreau's two year experiment of living at Walden Pond. The writer's chief emphasis is on the simplifications and enjoyment of life now. It is regarded as 1. a nature book.2. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life. 3. a satirical criticism of modern life and living. 4. a belletristic achievement 5. a spiritual book. The Scarlet Letter Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” :1.The scarlet letter “A” is the central symbol of the novel. At the beginning it symbolized the sin of Hester—“adultery”, 2.then gradually when Hester became accepted by the community, it stands for Hester’s intelligence and diligence—“able”. 3.At the end of the novel the symbol has evolved to represent the high virtues of Hester Prynne—“angel”. Comments on The Scarlet Letter:1.The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. 2.Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory, in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism.3.Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.(Because of the strong influence of Puritanism in American society, Hawthorne only expressed his ideas on the sin indirectly by employing symbolism.) Symbolism in the novel Moby Dick A. the voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” B. the Pequod is the ship of the American soul and consciousness. C. Moby Dick is a symbol of evil to some, of goodness to others, and of both to still others. D. The whiteness of Moby Dick is a paradoxical color, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth; it represents the final mystery of the universe. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: unpopulated wildness an a dense forest along Mississippi River Characters:1.Ignorant uneducated black slave Jim2.Uneducated outcast white boy Huck Finn。Theme: Huck’s inner waving struggle between what he was taught and what he thought out of good-heart and humanity.Its Features：1.Profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn 2.Magic power with language, the use of vernacular. 3. Humor In a Station of the Metro1 by Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. Note: 1。a Paris subway station Analysis of this poem The poem’s form is similar to Japanese haiku, with considering its title as a verse-line. The word “apparition” has double meaning:1. “appearance”, something which can be clearly observed;2. something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed. Petals may refer to the faces in the crowd, while bough may refer to the railway in the Metro.
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理 [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1、Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance、人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2、 the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things、人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3、 Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy、人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4、 Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English
1.What is in the book “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” that makes Hemingway say that all modern American literature comes from this book? (这个题找了2个小时，实在是找不到了。看看下面的会不会有所帮助) (海明威写的Green Hills of Africa中的原文)All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. If you read it you must stop where the Nigger Jim is stolen from the boys. That is the real end. The rest is just cheating. But it's the best book we've had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is, as we noted earlier on, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It tells a story about the United States before the Civil War, around 1850, when the great Mississippi Valley was still being settled. Here lies an America, with its great national faults, full of violence and even cruelty(n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为), yet still retaining the virtues of …some simplicity, some innocence(n. 清白，无罪；天真无邪), and some peace.? The story takes plac e along the Mississippi River, on both sides of which there was unpopulated(adj. 无人居住的) wilderness(n. 荒地) and a dense forest(密林). It relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with him and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice about black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well. At the heart of Twain?s achievement(n. 成就；完成；达到) is his creation of Huck Finn, who embodies(v t. 体现) that mythic(adj. 神话的；虚构的) America, midway(n. 中途；娱乐场adj. 中途的adv. 中途) between the wilderness and the modern super state. 2.Is Mr. Bennett in “Pride and P rejudice” a positive figure? Why or why not? (这是原题答案，第一句为第一问，剩下的是第二问) Mr. Bennet?s chief characteristics are an iron ic detachment(n. 分离，拆开；超然；分遣；分遣队) and a sharp, cutting wit. The distance that he creates between himself and the absurdity(n.荒谬的言行；谬论；) around him often endears(v t. 使…受钟爱；使…亲密) him to the reader and parallels the amused detachment with which Austen treats ridiculous(adj. 可笑的；荒谬的) characters such as Mr. Collins and Lady Catherine. To associate the author?s point of view with that of Mr. Bennet, however, is to ignore his ultimate failure as a father and husband. He is endlessly witty(adj. 诙谐的；富于机智的), but his distance from the events around him makes him an ineffective parent. Detached humor may prove useful for handling the Mr. Collinses of the world, but it is helpless against the depredations(n. 掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹) of the villainous (but likable) Wickham. When the crisis of Lydia?s elopement(n. 私奔；潜逃) strikes, Mr. Bennet proves unable to handle the situation. Darcy, decent(adj. 正派的；得体的；) and energetic(adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的), and the Gardiners, whose intelligence, perceptiveness, and resourcefulness(n. 足智多谋) make them the strongest adult force in the novel, must step in. He is a likable(adj. 可爱的), entertaining character, but he never manages to earn the respect of the reader. 3.Discuss the theme of Fitzgerald’s "The Great Gatsby".(at least 200 words) (两个主题，有上千字，我不知道怎么概括，我把对每个主题描述的第一段话写在下面了)