第六周
John Donne
1572-1631
John Donne- Biography
-> born in Bread Street in 1572 to a prosperous Roman Catholic family. His father died when he was young, he was raised by his mother.
->1593 his brother, Henry died of a fever in prison after arrested for giving sanctuary to a proscribed catholic priest. Donne began to have doubts in his faith.
-> 1601 secretly married Lady Egerton’s niece, seventeen-year-old Anne More, daughter of Sir George More(his boss)
->1611 Donne was invited and joined Sir Robert Drury to the continental trip. It was then Donne composed several of his most prominent poems. “A Valediction: Forbidden Mouring”
->1617 Donne’s wife died. Within 16 years, she gave him 12 children.
->1631 Donne died of serious illness.
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
John Donne’s “The Flea”
1.main idea
The speaker used a flea as a bridge that made him
and his mistress combine to become one. The
listener "thou" was his lover, he loved her very much
and even want to make love with her,
but she didn't.
He uses a flea and the way it sucks both their blood to try to convince the girl that it is not sinful to unite their bodies in the sexual act.
《我侬词》
管道升
?你侬我侬，忒煞情多，情多处，热如火。把一块泥，捻一个你，塑一个我。将咱两个，一齐打破，用水调和。再捻一个你，再塑一个我。我泥中有你，你泥中有我。与你生同一个衾qin，死同一个槨guo。
2. structure
Stanza one:
persuade a woman to marry one (metaphor)
Stanza two:
reinforce his seduction argument (killing)
Stanza three: (reversal) the author changes the tactics
killing is easy-----accept my love is also easy and painless
3.The rhyme scheme
?The rhyme scheme is in couplets with the
final line in each stanza rhyming with the
final couplet.
?The rhyming pattern is AABBCCDDD
4.questions
?1. Why does the poet say that "this cannot be said
a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead"?
The speaker tells his beloved to look at the flea before them and to note "how little" is that thing that she denies him. For the flea, he says, has sucked first his blood, then her blood, so that now, inside the flea, they are mingled; and that mingling cannot be called "sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead." The flea has joined them together in a way that, "alas, is more than we would do."
?2. What do you think is the addressee's
parents' attitude toward the poet's wooing?
The addressee's parents' attitude are against him. (...Though parents grudge...)
?3. What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea "thou" are actually killing three lives?
He compares the killing of the flea to murder. It would be “three sins in killing three” (l. 18) since he and his lover would be killed within the flea if she were to follow her natural tendency to dispose of the insect. He even states that the act of killing the flea would be “sacrilege”. This is a term that is generally applied to acts that go against religion. If the lover denies the fact that their blood, and therefore their lives, are contained within the flea, it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to make the reverse, to acknowledge their closeness within the flea, compatible with religion. To acknowledge this closeness is also to acknowledge that it is allowable, which could lead to the conclusion that Donne wishes his lover to arrive at: she should give in to his desires because there is nothing wrong with the intimate mingling of two people.
Death, Be Not Proud
1 Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,
For, those, whom thou think’st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me;
From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,
And soonest our best men with thee do go,
Rest of their bo nes, and soul’s delivery.
Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,
And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,
And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,
And better than thy stroak; why swell’st thou then?
One short sleep past, we wake eternally,
And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.
死神，你莫骄傲
?
?死神，你莫骄傲，尽管有人说你
?如何强大，如何可怕，你并不是这样；
?你以为你把谁谁谁打倒了，其实，
?可怜的死神，他们没死；你现在也还杀不死我。
?休息、睡眠，这些不过是你的写照，
?既能给人享受，那你本人提供的一定更多；
?我们最美好的人随你去得越早，
?越能早日获得身体的休息，灵魂的解脱。
?
?你是命运、机会、君主、亡命徒的奴隶，
?你和毒药、战争、疾病同住在一起，
?罂粟和咒符和你的打击相比，同样，
?甚至更能催我入睡；那你何必趾高气扬呢？
?睡了一小觉之后，我们便永远觉醒了，
?再也不会有死亡，你死神也将死去。
Death, Be Not Proud
theme :Powerlessness of death; eternal life after deat rhyme scheme
Italian sonnet: abbaabba cddcee
Questions
?1. To whom is the speech addressed?
Death
?2. Is Death mighty and powerful? Why or why not?
Not at all, see lines 9,10,11,12
3.What is the poet’s belief in life after death? What does he compare death to?
The poem reveals his belief in life after death，Life gains eternity after death.
Here death is compared to rest or sleep. Death is but momentary while happiness after death is eternal. But this religious idea is curiously expressed in the author’s supposed dialog ue with “death”, as various reasons are given in the poem to argue against the common belief in death as “mighty and dreadful”.
4.What is the meaning of the last two lines?
Our faith in eternal existence makes death meaningless
?从诗的结构来看，
?第一、二行“死亡，不要骄傲，虽然有人说你／强大而又可怖，而你并不真的这样”，是论点. ?而第三行到第八行是论据，说明死亡没有什么可怕，死亡同睡眠没有多少不同，都可以使人“获得身体的休息，灵魂的解脱”。
?第九、十行指出死神的无能，
?而第十一、二行说明死神并没有什么独特之处，没有什么可资骄傲的理由。这四行进一步提供论据，来支持诗人的论点。
?第十三、四行则是结论。
?虽然这首诗有很强的论说性，但表达了诗人对死神的蔑视和无畏之情。情与理的结合使诗本身具有有说服力，而比喻的运用使这篇说理的诗生动。整个诗作铿锵有力，富于阳刚之气。
Stylistic features
?1. conceits 奇喻: comparison of apparently dissimilar objects of concepts and the discovery that they are after all similar.
?2.argument with an imagine hearer: his lover, God,or death
?https://www.doczj.com/doc/987131330.html,e of paradox 悖论
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
?As virtuous men pass mildly away,
And whisper to their souls to go,
Whilst some of their sad friends do say, The breath goes now, and some say, no;
So let us melt, and make no noise,
No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move ; 'Twere profanation of our joys
To tell the laity our love.
Moving of th' earth brings harms and fears ; Men reckon what it did, and meant ;
But trepidation of the spheres,
Though greater far, is innocent.
?Dull sublunary lovers' love
(Whose soul is sense)cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove
Those things which elemented it.
But we by a love，so much refined,
That our selves know not what it is,
Inter-assured of the mind,
Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss.
Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet
A breach, but an expansion,
Like gold to airy thinness beat.
?If they be two, they are two so
As stiff twin compasses are two ;
Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show To move, but doth, if th' other do.
And though it in the centre sit,
Yet, when the other far doth roam,
It leans, and hearkens after it,
And grows erect, as that comes home. Such wilt thou be to me, who must,
Like th' other foot, obliquely run ;
Thy firmness makes my circle just,
And makes me end where I begun.
别离辞：节哀
?
正如德高人逝世很安然，
对灵魂轻轻的说一声走，
悲伤的朋友们聚在旁边，
有的说断气了，有的说没有。
让我们化了，一声也不作，
泪浪也不翻，叹风也不兴；
那是亵渎我们的欢乐——
要是对俗人讲我们的爱情。
地动会带来灾害和惊恐，
人们估计它干什么，要怎样，
可是那些天体的震动，
虽然大得多，什么也不伤。
?世俗的男女彼此的相好，
(他们的灵魂是官能)就最忌
别离，因为那就会取消
组成爱恋的那一套东西。
我们被爱情提炼得纯净，
自己都不知道存什么念头
互相在心灵上得到了保证，
再不愁碰不到眼睛、嘴和手。
?两个灵魂打成了一片，
虽说我得走，却并不变成
破裂，而只是向外伸延，
像金子打到薄薄的一层。
就还算两个吧，两个却这样
和一副两脚规情况相同；
你的灵魂是定脚，并不像
移动，另一脚一移，它也动。
?虽然它一直是坐在中心，
可是另一个去天涯海角，
它就侧了身，倾听八垠；
那一个一回家，它马上挺腰。
你对我就会这样子，我一生
像另外那一脚，得侧身打转；
你坚定，我的圆圈才会准，
我才会终结在开始的地点。
1.summary
?The speaker explains that he is forced to spend time apart from his lover, but before he leaves, he tells her that their farewell should not be the occasion for mourning and sorrow. In the same way that virtuous men die mildly and without complaint, he says, so they should leave without
“tear-floods” and “sigh-tempests,” for to publicly announce their feelings in such a way would profane their love.
?The speaker says that when the earth moves, it brings “harms and fears,” but when the spheres experience “trepidation,” though the impact is greater, it is also innocent. The love of “dull sublunary lovers” cannot survive separation, but it removes that which constitutes the love itself; but the love he shares with his beloved is so refined and “Inter-assured of the mind” that they need not worry about missing “eyes, lips, and hands.”
?Though he must go, their souls are still one, and, therefore, they are not enduring a breach, they are experiencing an “expansion”; in the same way that gold can be stretched by beating it “to aery thinness,” the soul they share will simply stretch to take in all the space between them. If their souls are separate, he says, they are like the feet of a compass: His lover’s soul is the fixed foot in the center, and his is the foot that moves around it. The firmness of the center foot makes the circle that the outer foot draws perfect: “Thy firmness makes my circle just, / And makes me end, where I begun.”
2.metaphor/conceit
Parallels between the continuing relationship of his persona`s soul with that of his beloved`s and the coordinated movements of the two feet of a compass.
He likens his love to a compass: his lover’s soul is the “fixed foot“ in the center, and his is the foot that moves around it. The firmness of the center foot makes the circle that the outer foot draws perfect.
?.
?多恩用圆规的两只脚比为夫妻关系。妻子是定脚，永远在中心，当丈夫离别（即一只脚去画圆）的时候，妻子（定脚）也随之旋转，比喻夫妻虽然分离，却彼此相连、互相支撑。只有妻子（定脚）坐在中心，坚定不动时，“我的圆圈才会准”，暗示爱人的忠贞不渝使他一生美满，使他能将此生画一个满圆。
?3.form
Four—line stanza with Iambic tetrameter
Rhyme scheme: abab
?4. mood:
direct statement of his ideal of spiritual love
?5.theme:anticipating a physical separation from his beloved, the speaker invokes the nature of the spiritual love to ward off the “tear-floods” and “sigh-tempests”
?该诗第一节采用了一个“玄学”的类比，给人造成一个强烈的知觉意象。这一节语气平和缓慢，整个场面完全是为了烘托第五行的“溶化”一词。诗人告诉恋人，分离时不需要表现出夸张的悲哀，只需要静静地溶化，他用死亡来说明，甚至连死亡也是极为微妙、难以觉察的，聚在旁边的观看的人也说不出最后一口气何时离去。把真正的恋人的离别比作死别，确实显得悲痛，与诗人的本意不符，但这位玄学大师正是在这方面体现出自己的“怪才”，他使得“离别”这一意象几乎令人难以察觉。为了烘托这种“溶化”，诗人在这一节使用了“S”音的重复以及“头韵”，使人感觉到窃窃私语，以及虚弱的呼吸，造成一种“溶化”的音响效果。
?第二诗节中，可以看出玄学派诗人对创造新词的热爱。在词语的使用方面，多恩表现出用自然意象表达新意的词语的热爱，甚至热衷于用自然意象来创造新词。“泪浪”(tear-fIood)、“叹风”(sigh-tempest)等等，使诗句显得生动形象，尤其是七八两行中的“俗人”(laity)—词，与“亵渎”(profanation)—起，暗比他们的爱情似宗教一般神圣，不同于凡夫俗子。
?该诗的第三节中以地面上较小的然而有害的运动和空气中更大的然而无害的运动进行对比。
按照希腊天文学家托勒密的天动学的观点，地球是宇宙的中心，天体运行的轨道有九圈。“震动”(Trepidation)这类天体的震动是指第九重天或第八重天的运行发生变化(被人们认为无害)。诗人在此强调，他们的分别不同于凡夫俗子，他把离别比作是庞大的天体的偏移，神秘、重大，但神圣，不为凡人所道。
?第四节的“世俗的”一词原文为“sublimary”(直译为“月下的”)。因为九圈中，离地球最近的一圈为月球轨道，是第一重天。这一节写月下的凡夫俗子的爱是由感官组成的，而多恩歌颂的则是精神上的圣洁的爱，这是凡人所不能理解的。
?第五节进一步强调有别于人间凡人的爱，不是由感官组成，他们圣洁的爱提炼到了精美的程度，没有感官(眼、唇、手)的成分。
?自第六节起，可以看出这一派诗人为达到感情哲理化、思想知觉化的效果，在艺术上典型地采用了奇喻(conceit)和悖论(paradox)这两个艺术手段。第六节引出一个新的比喻：黄金的延伸。诗人把他们的爱情比作金子，不同于其他金属，不会在分离的过程中破裂，只会延伸，同时，这种黄金般的爱情也是洁净缥缈的(airy)，而不是世俗的(sublunary)。
?最后三节又引出一个新的更为著名的玄学派的奇喻：以圆规的两脚来比喻分离过程中的男女双方。最后三个诗节实际上分成三个层次的寓意，第一层意思是说圆规的两脚是互相牵连的，来说明真实的分离是不可能的;其次认为两脚分久必合，来说明分离只是暂时的;最后一层寓意是该诗中最为重要的“圆圈说”。圆是完美的象征，在圆规画出圆圈的过程中，其起点就是终点。诗人认为，只要圆规的定脚坚定，另外一只脚才能画出完美的圆圈。这里，定脚象征着妇女的坚贞，而这种坚贞又赋予诗人力量来完成圆圈。这一玄学的比喻使得诗人对待妻子的充满着关切、担忧、劝诫等等复杂的心理体验和情绪结构都极为形象性地表现了出来。
第七周
John Bunyun
1628-1688
?1. life introduction
?A puritan, writer of prose
?A despised tinker--- solider of the Revolution.--- a persecuted preacher----The Pilgrim’s Progress with his own understanding of the Bible
?2.main works
The Pilgrim`s Progress
?1.form:allegory
?A narrative technique in which characters, places represent the general qualities to convey a message or teach a lesson. It can also be used for political satire.
?2.story
?It tells of a spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who under the guide of Evangelist free from his hometown---city of Destruction, go through all the hardships and temptations of Vanity Fair, the Doubting castle, finally to the Celestial City.
3.symbols:
?Christian---poor people pursue an ideal place where there’s no poverty.
?Faithful ---- human’s good point
?Celestial City---- vision of happy place dreamed by the poor through a veil of religion’s mist.
?Vanity Fair----Symbolize London in the period of restoration. It exposes the sin, evil, greediness, dissipation of the upper class , showing the idea of Puritanism.
?Judge—Hate-good
?Witness----Envy, Superstition and Pickthank(阿谀奉承者，马屁精)
?Jury---Mr. Badman. Mr.No good Mr Malice.
It satirize the state trial in the Reign of Charles II and James II
4.Theme:
?Knowledge gained through travel.
?The importance of reading.
?The value of community.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/987131330.html,nguage :simple homely vivid.
6.significance:
One of the best religious works besides the Bible, because of it’s deep understanding and interpretation of religion and large amount of quotation from the Bible.
7.similatiry
?Canterbury tale:
London----Canterbury
?Exodux: ['eks?d?s]
Egypt----Canaan(Palestine)
?Pilgrim`s Progress:
City of destruction---- Celestial City
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
History and Anthology of English Literature I Multiple Choices 1.The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances. A.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B. Beowulf C. Piers the Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales 2.Chaucer died on October 25th, 140(), and was buried in __________ ? A.Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 3?Utopia was written in the form of _________ ? A. prose B. drama C? essay D. dialogue 4.________ i s the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry. A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Andre Marvell D. Henry Vaughan 5.________ i s not written by William Blake. A. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell B. Songs of Experience C. Auld Lang Syne D. Poetical Sketches 6."Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested： This sentence is taken from __________ . A. Swifts A Modest Proposal B. Dickens\ Oliver l\vist C. Fielding 9s Tom Jones D. Bacon's Of Studies 7.Which poet is not the "Lake Poet"? A. William Wordsworth B. S. T. Coleridge C. Southey D. Keats 8.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _________ ? A. Science B. Arts C. Philosophy D. Humanism 9.Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in _________ . A? Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D? Anglo-Saxon period 10.Gothic novels are mostly stories of _________ , which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles? A.love and marriage B. sea adventures C. mystery and horror D. saints and martyrs II? The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gull iver's Travels arc _______ ?A? horses that are endowed with reason B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities C.giants that are superior in wisdom D.hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways 12. John Milton's masterpiece 一Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ___________ ? A. rhymed stanzas B. blank verse C. alliteration D? sonnets 13? Which of the following has / have associations with John Donners poetry? A. reason and sentiment B. conceits and wits C. the euphuism D. writing in the rhymed couplet 14.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is
名词解释 ENGLISH LITERATURE--DEFINITION OF TERMS 1 were passed down from generation to generation. 3) Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad. 2Critical Realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3) Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist. 3With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people. 启蒙主义：启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具 4-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.
Summary of the Age of Elizabeth (II) 1.Shakespeare’s successors. a.Ben Jonson 1573?—1637 His life: son of an educated gentleman who was thrown into prison by Queen Mary, whose property was confiscated. From his mother he received certain strong characteristics. His father died before he was born. His mother married a bricklayer. He may have studied in Cambridge for a short time, but his stepfather soon sent him to learn the bricklayer’s trade. He ran away from this, and went with the English army to fight Spaniards in the Low Countries. There he fought a duel with one of the enemy’s soldiers. He killed the man. Then he became an actor and reviser of old plays. He killed an actor in a duel and only escaped hanging by pleading “benefit of clergy”, but he lost all his poor goods and was branded for life on his left thumb. Jonson’s masques won him royal favor, was made poet laureate. With his great learning, ability and commanding position as poet laureate, he set himself squarely against his contemporaries and the romantic tendency of the age. He fought bravely for two things---- to restore the classic form of the drama and to keep the stage from its downward course. Apparently he failed. Nevertheless his influence lived and grew more powerful till, aided largely by French influence, it resulted in the so-called classicism of the eighteenth century. His work is in strong contrast with that of Shakespeare. Alone he fought against the romantic tendency of the age, and to restore the classic standards. Thus the whole action of his drama usually covers only a few hours, or a single day. He never takes liberties with historical facts, as Shakespeare does, but is accurate to the smallest detail. His dramas abound in classical learning, are carefully and logically constructed, and comedy and tragedy are kept apart, instead of crowding each other as they do in Shakespeare and in life. In one respect his comedies are worthy of careful reading, --- they are intensely realistic, presenting men and women of the time exactly as they were. From a few of Jonson’s scenes we can understand---better than from all the plays of Shakespeare---how men talked and acted during the Age of Elizabeth. His works: His first comedy: Every Man in His Humor is a key to all his dramas. The word “hu mo r” in his age stood for some characteristic whim or quality of society. He gives to his leading character some prominent humor, exaggerates it, as the cartoonist enlarges the most characteristic feature of a face, and so holds it before our attention that all other qualities are lost sight of. It is the first of three satires. Its special aim was to ridicule the humors of the city. The second, Cynthia’s Revels, satirizes the humors of the court; while the third, The Poetaster, the result of a quarrel with his contemporaries, was leveled at the false standards of the poets of the age. Three best known comedies: V olpone= The Fox The Alchemist , The Silent Woman V olpone is a merciless analysis of a man governed by love of money. Alchemist is a study of quackery on one side and of gullibility on the other, founded on the medieval idea of the philosopher’s stone. The Silent Woman is a
文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持. 台州学院外国语学院学年第学期 级英语本科专业《英国文学史及选读II 》期末试卷（11）( 闭卷 ) 题号分值得分姓名班级学号 考试时间 :120 分钟I II III IV V VI VII总分10101015201025100 I. Multiple choice . Choose the best out of the four. (10%=1*10) 1.The subject matters of Romanticism include the following But ____. A. strong-willed heroes B. mysticism C. moderation D. exotic pictures 2. “O, wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being, ”is from____. A. Ozymandias B. Ode to the West Wind C. She Walks in Beauty D. The Isles of Greece 3.____is one of the Satanic“school ” poets. A. John Keats B. Percy Bysshe Shelley C. Leigh Hunt D. S. T. Coleridge 4.Dickens ’ first true novel is ____. A. David Copperfield B. Bleak House C. Oliver Twist D. Hard Times 5.The following novels are all written by Jane Austen Except. A. Pride and Prejudice B. Emma C. Mansfield Park D. Far from the Madding Crowd https://www.doczj.com/doc/987131330.html,wrence revealed Oedipus complex in his novel __________. A. Sons and Lovers B. For Whom the Bell Tolls C. The Sun Also Rises D. The Old Man and the Sea 7.____historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century. A. Jane Austen’ s B. Walter Scott’Cs. Henry Fielding’ s D. Charles Lamb’ s 8.The title of Thackeray ’novels ____was borrowed from The Pilgrim s ’Progress by John Bunyan . A. The Roundabout Paper B. The Newcomers C. Vanity Fair D. The Four Georges 9.,which was written by Charlotte Bronte, is a poetic, imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer . A. Wuthering Heights B. Jane Eyre C. The Professor D. Agnes Grey 10.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism. A. Richard Sheridan B. Oliver Goldsmith C. Oscar Wilde D. Bernard Shaw II. True or False? Put a T before the statement if you think it is true and put an F if you think it is false.(10%=1*10) ____1. The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the prose of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. ____2.The Lakers include Byron, Shelley and Wordsworth . ____3.Childe Harold Pilgrimage made Byron famous overnight.
《英国文学史及选读》课程教学大纲 一．课程基本情况： 1．编号：01015065, 01015096 (翻译方向)； 02015055,02015106 (教育方向) 2．层次与学制：本科, 四年制 3．总学时：68 4．学期与周学时：第五，六学期；周学时: 2 5．学分：2 6．执笔人：夏丹 二、课程性质与任务： 本课程为英语（翻译，教育方向）专业必修课。 该门课程在英语专业人才培养中旨在使学生从英国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，掌握英国文学各个时期的主要文学、文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，同时帮助学生对英国文学的发展有深刻的了解和认识，并通过介绍一些最基本的文化理论和批评方法，对部分在思想上艺术上有代表性，有影响的作家及作品进行分析、导读，增强学生对英国文学的形成和发展的理解，提高他们对文学作品的鉴赏能力和文学修养。 三、课程的基本要求 1．课程的要求：学完本课程，学生应该掌握如下能力： ①对于英国文学史有整体性的把握； ②掌握分析和鉴赏文学作品的能力； ③独立完成千字左右的文学作品评析的英文论文； ④掌握文学概念和相关文学流派的专业知识。 2．质量标准：在第五学期完成英国文学史中从中古时期到启蒙时期的文学流派及相关作家，完成两篇以上的英文作品分析论文；第六学期完成从浪漫主义时期到现代主义文学相关内容的学习，并整体把握整个英国文学史的脉络，完成三篇以上的英文作品分析论文。同时检验学生是否了解、认识英国文学各个时期的主要文化、文学流派、主要作家及其代表作品，了解英国文学的发展历史，并能够用最基本的文化理论和批评方法，理解、分析文学作品，提高文学鉴赏力、语言表达能力，提高文学修养。 四、课程内容与学时分配 第五学期： 第一章序言 (2 学时) 使学生对英国文学史和主要流派具有提纲挈领的认识。 第二章中古世纪时期（2学时） 使学生掌握英国文学的起源及其形式和主要代表作品 第三章杰弗里?乔叟 (2学时)
Test Paper One Ⅰ. Identification. 1. Identify each on the left column with its related information on the right column. (1) Ernest Jones A. euphuism (2) Oscar Wilde B. Lake poet (3) John Lyly C. Chartist poetry (4) Robert Louis Stevenson D. tragedy (5) Robert Southey E. sentimentalism (6) George Eliot F. critical realism (7) Laurence Sterne G. art for art’s sake (8) Pamela H. Kunstlerroman (9) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man I. epistolary novel (10) Macbeth J. neo-romanticism 2. Identify the author with his or her work. (1) Charles Dickens A. A Passage to India (2) E. M. Foster B. Paradise Regained (3) Virginia Woolf C. The Garden Party (4) John Milton D. Of Studies (5) Shelley E. Jonathan Wild the Great (6) Francis Bacon F. Jude the Obscure (7) Katherine Mansfield G. The Waste Land (8) Henry Fielding H. Hard Times (9) T. S. Eliot I. To the Lighthouse (10) Thomas Hardy J. Prometheus Unbound Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks. 1. was one of the most prominent of the 20th century English realistic writers. The Man of Property is one of his works. 2. As a literary figure, Stephen Dedalus appears in two novels written by . 3. Of Human Bondage is a naturalistic novel by , dealing with the story of a deformed orphan trying vainly to be an artist. 4. , T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem, has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry, comparable to Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads. 5. Henry James’ most famous short story is , a ghost story in which the question of childhood corruption obsesses governess. 6. The pessimistic view of life that p redominates most of Hardy’s later works earns him a reputation as a writer. 7. is regarded as the oldest poem in English literature. 8. The most famous English ballads of the 15th century is the Ballads of , a legendary outlaw. 9. The greatest and most distinctive achievement of Elizabethan literature is ________.