The tenth period：冠词
不定冠词的基本用法
1．以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前用an.
①There’s an “h” in the word “hospital” ②English is a useful language.
③He will come back in an hour.
2．泛指某一类事物中的一个，但不具体说明是哪一个。
①She’s an English teacher.
②A car runs faster than a horse.
3．可表示数量“一”，但不如one语气强。
①I have a bike.It’s made in Shanghai.
②We have meals three times a day.
不定冠词的基本用法
1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
4．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思
We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。
5．用于某此固定词组中：a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。
Step2：随堂监测
1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school
2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital
3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment
4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class
5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth
6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet
7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table
8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus
9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home
10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works
11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump
12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air
13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train
14. 在校学习A. in the school B. in school C. in schools
15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed
16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold
17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship
18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times
19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact
20. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening
C. from a morning to an evening
Answers: 1—5 ACAAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 BABBA 16—20 AABCB
板书设计
The tenth period：冠词
1．以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前用an.
2．泛指某一类事物中的一个，但不具体说明是哪一个。
3．可表示数量“一”，但不如one语气强。
定冠词the的基本用法：
1.指某事物，或双方都知道的事物；或上文提到的事物。
如：Where’s the station, please?
2.用在世界上独一无二的事物之前。如：the earth, the moon, the Great Wall
3.用在江河湖泊之前，如：the Changjiang river
4.用在序数词之前，如：the twentieth century
5.用在形容词最高级前面。如：the tallest
6.用在姓氏复数前，表示夫妇或全家人，如：the Greens
7.用在某些乐器前，如：the piano
8.某些固定用法，如：in the morning the east (west, south, north)
on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema
Step2：随堂监测
I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：
1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.
2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday.
3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second.
4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.
5. Roman was not built in ______ day.
6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.
7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.
8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
9. Jenny found __ wallet lying on ____ground. ____ wallet was Mr. Black’s.
10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?
11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ____left, I think.
12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?
--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing.
13. _______ more, _______ better.
14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.
15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.
16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded?
17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century.
18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot.
19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.
20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
Answers:1. an, a 2. the, / 3. A, a 4. the, /, a 5. a 6. a 7. /, an 8. an, the 9. a, the, The 10. the, the, the, the 11. The, the 12. the, the, the 13. The , the 14. The 15. a, the 16. the 17. the, the 18. /, /, / 19. The, the 20. /, the Step5:板书设计
The eleventh period：冠词
定冠词the的基本用法：
1.指某事物，或双方都知道的事物；或上文提到的事物。
如：Where’s the station, please?
2.用在世界上独一无二的事物之前。如：the earth, the moon, the Great Wall
3.用在江河湖泊之前，如：the Changjiang river
4.用在序数词之前，如：the twentieth century
5.用在形容词最高级前面。如：the tallest
6.用在姓氏复数前，表示夫妇或全家人，如：the Greens
7.用在某些乐器前，如：the piano
8.某些固定用法，如：in the morning the east (west, south, north)
on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema
零冠词的用法
1．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词）
(/)China 中国(/)Europe 欧洲(/)Money 金钱(/)Music 音乐
(/)Lei Feng 雷锋(/)William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2．月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词）
(/)January 一月份(/)Sunday 星期日
(/)Christmas Day 圣诞节(/)Thanksgiving 感恩节
(/)National Day 国庆节(/)May Day 劳动节
比较：...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）
注：民族节日前要加the 如：the Spring Festival
3．三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have (/)lunch at (/)school.
我在学校吃午餐。
(/)Summer is the best season for swimming.
夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较：I had a big lunch yesterday.
昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）
比较：I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。
（表示特指）
4．进行球类运动
play (/) basketball 打篮球play (/) volleyball 打排球
play (/) football 踢足球
5．没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of (/) wood.
这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较：The wood outside was all wet.
外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）
6．没有特指的不可数抽象名词
(/) Time is precious.
时间是宝贵的。
比较：The time of the play was 1990s.
这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）
7．没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
I like (/) tomatoes.
我喜欢西红柿。
8．山峰
(/) Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9．固定词组
go to (/) school 去上学go to (/)bed 上床睡觉
go by (/) train 乘火车去go by (/) boat 乘船去
at (/) table 在用餐in (/) hospital 住院
at (/) school 求学in (/)school 求学
at (/) noon 在中午at (/) night 在晚上
at (/) midnight 在半夜in (/) town 在城里
10．独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A boy came in,(/) book in hand.
一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。
11．泛指人类
(/) Man is mortal.
人必有一死。
12．在"kind of+名词sort of+名词"句式中
What (/) kind of (/) flower is it
这是什么花？
I like this sort of (/)book.
我喜欢这种书。
13．指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman ，leader等。He is (/或the) captain of the team.
他是球队的队长。
As (/或the) chairman of the committee,I declare the meeting open.
作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。
比较：The Captain of Morritius （荷兰殖民时期）毛里求斯首长
冠词和三餐的搭配
三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词
三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：
We have (/) breakfast at eight．
我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast．
他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
I was invited to (/) dinner．
他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador．
我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。
The Scots have (/) porridge for breakfast．
苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding b reakfast was held in her father’s house．
婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。
零冠词用法归纳：
独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，
对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though 之倒装句；
人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，
学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；
以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。
介词短语与冠词
一.、当下列名词指其“主要目的”，即与其相关在行为时，要用零冠词。
at (/) table 在进餐
at the table 在桌子旁边
at (/) desk 在读书
at the desk 在课桌旁
at (/) school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
in (/) class 在上课
in the class 在班级里面
in (/) bed 卧床
in the bed 在床上
in (/) prison 坐牢
in the prison （因事）在监狱
in (/) hospital 住院
in the hospital （因事）在医院
go to (/) school 去上学
go to the school （因事）去学校
go to (/) bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed (因事)在床上
go to (/) hospital 去看病
go to the hospital (因事)去医院
二.
take (/) place 发生
take the place 代替
in (/) place of 代替
in the place of 在...的地方
in (/) case of 万一
in the case of 就...来说
out of (/) question 毫无疑问（100%）out of the question 完全不可能(0%) 通常使用不定冠词的短语
after a while 过了一会儿
all of a sudden 突然
as a rule 通常
as a result 结果，因此
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a whole 大体上
at a loss 不知所措
in a hurry 急忙
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 总而言之
It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是…
put an end to… 结束…
come to an end 结束
come to a conclusion 得出结论
have a good time 玩得愉快
have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒
have a word with 和…谈一谈
keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力
make a living 谋生
make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄
take a walk 散步