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2019-2020学年度九年级上学期英语期末考试试卷(I)卷

2019-2020学年度九年级上学期英语期末考试试卷(I)卷
2019-2020学年度九年级上学期英语期末考试试卷(I)卷

2019-2020学年度九年级上学期英语期末考试试卷(I)卷

姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________

一、听句子,选择正确的答案。 (共5题;共5分)

1. (1分)What does Ben do every weekend?

A .

B .

C .

2. (1分)(2017·广东)What time did Jenny have breakfast this morning?

A .

B .

C .

3. (1分)根据所听内容,选择与之相符的图片()

A .

B .

C .

4. (1分)What will the two speakers have?

A .

B .

C .

5. (1分)What's the man doing?

A .

B .

C .

二、听对话或独白,选择正确的答案。 (共9题;共20分)

6. (1分)What will happen if the man keeps singing loudly?

A . He will get tired.

B . He will lose his voice.

C . He will catch a cold.

7. (1分)Choose the best answer to the question you hear.

A . The blue one.

B . The white one.

C . The red one.

D . The yellow one.

8. (1分)Where does the woman live?

A . at the crossing

B . the Five Star Hotel

C . in the two blocks

9. (1分)Where are they talking?

A . In a zoo.

B . At a bus stop.

C . In a bookshop.

10. (1分)What color jacket does the man prefer?

A . Black.

B . Blue.

C . Brown.

11. (2分)听第二段对话,回答两个问题。

(1)Where will Jack go this weekend?

A . To a park.

B . To a museum.

C . To an old people's home.

(2)How often does Jack do voluntary work?

A . Twice a week.

B . Once a month.

C . Twice a month.

12. (3分)听下面一段对话,回答问题。

(1)Where are the two speakers?

A . At the school.

B . At a TV station.

C . At a music club.

(2)Who does Mr. Liu want to read the story for?

A . Himself.

B . His wife.

C . His daughter.

13. (5分)请听独白,回答问题。

(1)What was the most interesting thing for James?

A . Practicing English with Americans

B . Having Western food

C . Swimming in the pool

(2)What team is Tom on?

A . On a basketball team

B . On a football team

C . On a volleyball team

(3)Where did Tom sometimes go to read picture books?

A . To his friend's house.

B . To the library.

C . To the bookstore.

14. (5分)完成下列信息表格。Liu Mei's Day

A . has breakfast

B . gets up

C . goes running

(2)

A . 12:00

B . 12:15

C . 12:25

(3)

A . 7:30

B . 7:00

C . 8:00

(4)

A . goes to school

B . plays soccer

C . goes home

(5)

A . does her homework

B . has dinner

C . watches TV

三、听填信息 (共1题;共1分)

15. (1分)根据你所听到的短文内容判断下列句子正误。

(1)I lost my schoolbag in the reading room of our school.

(2)The color of the schoolbag is blue.

(3)There were three English books inside the schoolbag.

(4)Please call me at 7658864.

(5)My bedroom is Room 401 on the 5th floor of our school.

四、单项填空 (共15题;共15分)

16. (1分)I don't know if my brother _____________ here tomorrow. If he _____________, I'll call you.

A . comes; comes

B . will come; comes

C . comes; will come

D . will come; will come

17. (1分)is the second season of the year.

A . Summer

B . Winter

C . Spring

D . Autumn

18. (1分)I have learned English ______ I was six years old.

A . for

B . before

C . since

D . after

19. (1分)Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults.

A . the number of; four-fifths

B . a number of; four-fifth

C . a number of; four-fifths

D . the number of; four-five

20. (1分)Don't read _______ the sun. It's bad _______ your eyes.

A . in; for

B . under; at

C . on; to

D . in; of

21. (1分)—Can Mr. Brown spare some time for the charity now?

—If he ________, he will try his best to make it .

A . is invited

B . will be invited

C . invites

D . invited

22. (1分)—Is there in today's newspaper?

—No. I think everything in it is boring.

A . interesting anything

B . somebody interesting

C . anything interesting

23. (1分)Please tell him _______ in the snow. It's cold.

A . playing

B . not play

C . not to play

D . don't play

24. (1分)— I'm ________ now and I hope to lose two kilos in a week.

— But you will be unhealthy if you don't have enough vegetables.

A . in silence

B . in trouble

C . on a diet

25. (1分)My grandparents _________for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

A . have been married

B . got married

C . were married

D . have got married

26. (1分)who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnson's friend.

A . Asking

B . Asked

C . To be asked

D . When asking

27. (1分)— Which of the sweaters will you take, Jenny?

— Let me see. I'll take _______, one for my mother, and the other for my sister.

A . none

B . all

C . both

D . neither

28. (1分)StorySign is ___________ a useful app __________ it can make it easier for deaf children and their parents to read bedtime stories.

A . so … that

B . such … that

C . too … to

D . as … as

29. (1分)Class Four plans ________ a meeting about the school art festival tomorrow.

A . have

B . to have

C . has

30. (1分)The old house I used to live in was knocked .

A . down

B . into

C . at

D . on

五、完形填空 (共1题;共1分)

31. (1分)完形填空

This is our classroom. It's not big, but it's very nice, the walls are 1 and the desks and chairs are new. There is a 2 on the wall and we can find Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou in it. There are some 3 on the teacher's desk. They are for our 4 , Miss gao. She is a good teacher and we all like her.

I'm on 5 today. I come to school early. I help my teacher 6 her books, maps and pictures on her 7 . I tell her everyone is here, but I'm 8 Liu mei is not at 9. I don't know 10 she is. But I think she's at home.

(1)

A . old

B . same

C . fine

D . white

(2)

A . map

B . clock

C . kite

D . photo

(3)

A . games

B . numbers

C . flowers

D . lights

(4)

A . friend

B . daughter

C . mother

D . teacher

(5)

A . line

B . duty

C . turn

D . time

(6)

A . know

B . find

C . put

D . give

(7)

A . desk

B . bike

C . chair

D . floor

(8)

A . good

B . young

C . right

D . wrong

(9)

A . there

B . home

C . table

D . school

(10)

A . what

B . which

C . where

D . how

六、阅读理解 (共2题;共10分)

32. (5分)阅读理解

On Thanksgiving Day, about 88 percent American eat turkey. But one lucky turkey not only will not be eaten but also will become famous. Every year, turkey farmers present turkeys to the US president. But instead of eating this turkey, the president gives it a "Pardon". The turkey is flown to Florida for a thanksgiving parade (游行).Then it lives on the farm for the rest of its life.

Turkeys come from America and have been part of American culture for centuries. Benjamin Franklin even wanted the turkey to be America's national bird.

Turkeys that are kept on farms are large, awkward birds that can not fly. But wild turkeys are quite fast. They can fly at speed up to 88 kilometers per hour. They can also run at 40 kilometers per hour.

Turkeys don't have ears. They hear by using the growth of beaks(尖喙).But their hearing is about five times better than human hearing.

Turkeys are such interesting birds. No wonder Benjamin Franklin wanted them to be American national birds.

(1)________ people eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.

A . A few

B . Some

C . Most

D . All

(2)The underlined word "pardon" means ________.

A . 赦免

B . 赐死

C . 礼物

D . 原谅

(3)A wild turkey can fly at the speed of ________.

A . 88 kilometers per hour

B . 40 kilometers per hour

C . as fast as a kept one

D . five times faster than ma

(4)The turkey doesn't have ________.

A . eyes

B . ears

C . a mouth

D . wings

(5)What's the best title of this passage?

A . The Turkey on the Farm

B . The History of the Turkey

C . How to Keep the Turkey

D . The Star of Thanksgiving

33. (5分)阅读理解

Summer Programs at Museums

The postal Museum

Date: July 17-23

Age: 11-13

Would you like to join us this summer vacation? You can create a stamp with your own design, write and mail a postcard, and learn about the history of stamps.

Tel:965-0400The Air and Space Museum

Date: July 29-30

Age: 8-11

If you enjoy programs about air and space, please come here. It's a good place to make and fly your own paper airplane, watch an IMAX movie, and climb into a real airplane.

Tel:654-0930

The Science Museum

Date: August 7-20

Age:9-12

You can experience video arts and

computer technology, play VR games to explore(探索)a future city, and ask the robots questions about science . It will be wonderful! Have fun!

The Building Museum

Date: August 21-27

Age:13-15

Want to enjoy design challenges? Come and join us. You can also go on field trips to some famous buildings, and build small houses with soft blocks!

All the programs are free.

Te1:357-3030Te1:272-0560

(1)You can join in the programs at the Postal Museum any day .

A . from July 17 to 23

B . from July 29-30

C . from August 7-20

D . from August 21 to27

(2)If you are interested in the program about video arts you can phone .

A . 965-0400

B . 654-0930

C . 357-3030

D . 272-0560

(3)A 15-year-old student can take part in the programs at .

A . the Building Museum

B . the Postal Museum

C . the Air and Space Museum

D . the Science Museum

(4)In the Air and Space Museum, you can .

A . create a stamp

B . build a house

C . explore a future city

D . make a paper airplane

七、任务型阅读 (共2题;共2分)

34. (1分)下面是有关支付宝(Alipay)的英文版使用说明,请根据图片所示步骤,从A-E中出正确的选项与图片配对。

A. Fill in the price and the password carefully.

B. Use your smartphone to scan the "Alipay QR code(二维码)"

C. Add a bank card and enter your card information.

D. The payment completion page is shown after you click the “pay” butto n.

E. Get the app of Alipay. Sign up with your mobile phone number, then set a password.

⑴________⑵________⑶________⑷________⑸________

35. (1分)下面文章中有五处需要添加小标题,请从以下选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。

________

In fact, the best meal before games should have carbohydrates(碳水化合物). Foods like potatoes, bread, bananas are rich in it, but chicken and meat are not. Carbohydrates are the best and most easily used form of energy. The energy that you get for today's game is from what you ate yesterday!

________

No. Morning is a good time to exercise, but it may not be suitable for you. If an afternoon or evening period suits you, and you enjoy the feeling of getting healthier, you can choose any time to exercise. There is no fixed time for you to exercise.

________

The fact is that you must have some water during breaks when you exercise. And after exercising, you must have enough water. If you don't drink enough water, then you'll probably get headaches and feel tired.

________

False. Exercising the same body part every day is the fastest way to cause problems. To improve strength, you want to work your muscles(肌肉) hard, but then you need to give those muscles a day of rest. Too much exercise can cause serious problems to muscles.

________

Wrong. We usually connect those big muscles with bodybuilders(健美运动员), but girls don't have enough male hormone(雄性激素) to make their muscles big like men. Strength training is a good way to make their muscles strong for girls.

八、短文填空 (共1题;共1分)

36. (1分)请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

Hello! My name is Dave Brown. I'm 13 years old and I come ________ America. Now I'm a middle school student.

I have many good hobbits. I like doing sports and I often ________ basketball with my friends. Every Sunday, I would like to climb mountains ________ my families. I also have some good eating hobbits.

I like eating different kinds of ________, such as carrots, tomatoes, potatoes and so on. I like eating bananas and apples, ________. But my favorite fruit is strawberry. I don't like eating ice-cream ________ there is much sugar in it and that will be ________ for my teeth. I think breakfast is very important, so I always get up ________ to eat breakfast. And I like to have ________ glass of milk before going to bed. It can give ________ a good sleep.

九、书面表达。根据要求完成短文写作,请将作文写在指定的位置上。 (共1题;共1分)

37. (1分)近日、学校英语社团就《青少年近视防控实施方案》征求学生和家长建议,请你根据下表内容,选择其中一个对象,用英文写一篇近视防控的建议文章。

1)短文必须包括提示中的所有信息,并按要求适当发挥;

2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;

3)词数:100词左右;

短文开头已给出,可选择使用、不计入总词数。

To deal with teenagers nearsightedness(近视) Our school English club is asking for advice from students / parents recently.

参考答案

一、听句子,选择正确的答案。 (共5题;共5分)

1-1、

2-1、

3-1、

4-1、

5-1、

二、听对话或独白,选择正确的答案。 (共9题;共20分) 6-1、

7-1、

8-1、

9-1、

10-1、

11-1、

11-2、

12-1、

12-2、

13-1、

13-3、

14-1、

三、听填信息 (共1题;共1分) 15-1、

15-2、

15-3、

15-4、

15-5、

四、单项填空 (共15题;共15分) 16-1、

17-1、

18-1、

19-1、

20-1、

21-1、

22-1、

23-1、

25-1、

26-1、

27-1、

28-1、

29-1、

30-1、

五、完形填空 (共1题;共1分) 31-1、

六、阅读理解 (共2题;共10分) 32-1、

32-2、

32-3、

32-4、

32-5、

33-1、

33-2、

33-3、

七、任务型阅读 (共2题;共2分)

34-1、

35-1、

八、短文填空 (共1题;共1分)

36-1、

九、书面表达。根据要求完成短文写作,请将作文写在指定的位置上。 (共1题;共1分) 37-1、

人教版九年级英语期末试题及答案

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《英语语音》考试试卷(A卷、闭卷) I. , (15%) ()1. A. B. C. D. ()2. A. B. C. D. ()3. A. B. C. D. ()4. A. B. C. D. ()5. A. B. C. ()6. A. B. C. D. ()7. A. B. C. D. ()8. A. B. C. D. ()9. A. B. C. D. ()10. A. B. C. D. . (15%) ()1. A. B. C. D. ()2. A. B. C. D. ()3. A. B. C. D. ()4. A. B. C. D. ()5. A. B. C. D. ()6. A. B. C. D. ()7. A. B. C. D. ()8. A. B. C. D. ()9. A. B.

C. D. ()10. A. B. C. D. . . (15%) ( ) 1. A . ( ) 2. . ( ) 3. / i: / / ? /. ( ) 4. / k / / g / . ( ) 5. , . ( ) 6. . ( ) 7. a . ( ) 8. , . ( ) 9. A a a a . A . ( )10. . . . ( 1 , 20%) 1. () , , , , . , , ; , , . 2. A . 3. : , . 4. , a a , .

5. , : 1) ; 2) . V. . (20%). 1. “” . A. B. C. 2. . , . A. B. C. a 3. . A. B. C. 4. “”, “”, “”“”, “c”“k” . A. B. C. 5. “ .” . A. ’s . B. ’s . C. . 6. I’ . A. B. a C. 7. a ? A. B. C. 8. ? A. B. C. 9. a . A. B. C. ? 10. :

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大一第二学期英语期末试卷

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C) He will go when he feels better. D) He won’t go as he hasn’t finished his work. 4. A) Check the timetable.B) Go to the railway station earlier. C) Travel on a later train.D) Cancel the trip earlier. 5. A) In New York.B) In Boston. C) In Newport.D) In Washington. 6. A) A clerk at the airport information desk. B) A clerk at the railway station information desk. C) A policeman. D) A taxi-driver. 7. A) A guest and a receptionist. B) A passenger and an air hostess. C) A customer and a shop assistant. D) A guest and a waitress. 8. A) He’s better.B) He’s feeling worse. C) He’s sick in bed.D) He has recovered. 9. A) The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut. B) The woman followed the man’s advice. C) The woman is wearing long hair now. D) The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut or not.

大学英语期末考试(A)

大学英语期末考试(A) 第一部分:单选题 1. The starting current of an a.c. motor is_____ the rated current. A. the same as B. much larger than C. less than D. equals 2. With a_____ load the voltage and current are in phase. A. pure resistance B. capacitive C. inductive D. None of the above 3. The emergency generator or emergency battery is connected to_____ on most large ships. A. distribution boards B. section boards C. emergency switch boards D. main switch boards 4. Switchboards may be of the dead-front type in which all live parts are installed behind_____ and only the operation handles and instruments are on the front. A. the capstan B. the collector C. the panels D. the surface 5. Remote control means that_____. A. the system is manned manually B. the system is situated remotely from the operator C. the system is controlled automatically D. all the above 6. The difference between measured and desired values is called_____. A. make-up B. desired value C. deviation D. set value 7. Prior to any overhaul work on electric equipment, it is important to ensure the circuits are_____. A. live B. dead C. excited D. on line 8. Before starting an engine by air ,the engine must _________ A. be turned by a turning gear for at least one minute B. be turned by a turning gear for at least two minutes C. be turned at least one complete turn D. be turned at least two complete turns 9. Shore power must be_____ during dock repair. A. disconnected B. switched off C. cut off D. connected 10. The switchboards for a.c. systems differ from the d.c. switch gear in that the open type panels are generally_____ and the dead-front switch gear is the common rule. A. permissibly B. permissible C. no permissible D. not permissible 11. Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is_____.

九年级英语期末考试反思与总结

2018年秋期九(1)班英语期末考试总结及反思 一、试卷评析 考卷总体来说,相对容易,有对基础知识考核的环节,也有考查学生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力,试卷紧扣教材,突出重点,更侧重于对双基能力的考查。 (1)选择填空考查得比较细,大部分很基础。主要考查学生对课本知识的掌握情况,知识覆盖面较广,较细,重点、难点突出。但也有个别题目相对较难。 (2)完形填空与阅读理解题量较大,取材都比较好,贴近现实,对学生很有教育,通过做这个题,读其内容,学生会意识到学习不仅仅在学校而校外的学习也很重要。 (3)书面表达与课本内容有着极大的相似之处,是对教材的深加工,做到了学以致用。虽然比较贴近学生生活,但由于大部分同学基础很薄弱,所以效果不甚理想。 二、学生情况分析 本次考试,从分数上看,学生两极分化相当严重。从这次考试也看出一些问题,学生基础知识太薄弱,掌握不太牢,每个大题丢分都有。基础知识和基本技能不扎实,学生对一些基本词汇、语法、句型的掌握不够熟练。所以非选择题空白的较多,造成及格人数太少。 三、失分情况和原因 1.听力题:失分较多的是第三节。在这个题当中可以反映出学生听完材料之后,无法填出相应的关键词,而且学生的理解能力差。 2.短文填空:本题所给的语篇较长,难度较大,因此失分较多。 3.学生在阅读这块失分较多。第一,学生阅读习惯需要进一步培养,很多学生只是对照题目单纯找答案,而不是认真反复地看文章,缺乏耐心。第二,部分学生只能理解文章的表面意思,不能透过现象理解出作者的言外之意。

4.词语运用:根据句意填单词(每空一词),使句子完整、语法正确这题失分也比较多,可见学生在不同语境中灵活运用单词的能力欠缺。 5.书面表达:在整个卷子当中失分较多的是书面表达,要写好这个作文要一定的单词量和语法知识 四.问题分析 1. 平时我对学生不够严厉,如果学生不能够回答出我在上课反复强调的知识,我一般只是提醒,并无惩罚措施。学生在课堂上有时候开小差,一般也只是点名批评,对屡次犯错误的学生,没有严加管教。 2. 应该每天听写单词和词组,可单词和词组是学生最头痛的事,学生们都说他们记不住,部分学生对英语学习失去兴趣,学生两极分化的明显出现很大程度上是没过好词汇关,这些学生记单词只会死记硬背,但不会读,这样是学不好英语的。因此,一定要注重课堂词汇教学,让学生掌握一定的学习单词的方法,按读音规则认读、记忆单词而不是死记硬背,当学生感悟到记单词不再困难时,他们的英语学习也就迈出了很可喜的坚实的基础一步,他们对英语学习才会真正感兴趣。 3. 这次考试学生听力丢分较多,在今后的教学中要有意识地加强学生听读能力的训练与培养,重点训练学生的阅读和听的习惯的培养。课外还要多选用一些内容健康,时代感强、知识性、趣味性并存的短文来让学生阅读,通过大量阅读来培养学生的语感以及通过上下文捕捉信息的能力,从而提高阅读,理解,分析,判断的能力。 4. 实行分层次教学,降低对差生的要求,比如让成绩好些的学生背课文时,其他学生能读熟就可以了,检查单词和词组时,要求差生写对一半就算优秀,这样他下次会背单词背的更好!这样才能让每个学生有成就感,逐步提高学习英语的兴趣 5.做好补差工作,缩小两极分化,从测试情况看,英语学习已明显出现两极分化现象。由于知识点的深化,学生的个体差异以及多种内外在因素,学生学习上的两极分化是客观存在的,但我们一定要通过我、家长、包括学生本人的不懈努力,力争减少差生,使他们在英语学习上不断进步,这就需要我真正的去爱

研究生英语期末考试试卷

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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

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