现在完成时
【现在完成时】
A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动
作或状态。
【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等【构成】肯定形式：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done
一般疑问句：have或has放于句首
B.现在完成时的用法
1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。
eg. The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了
have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中
have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在
例如：你以前去过北京么？
例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?
B: No,he is not in,（他去香港了）
2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。
eg. He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。
如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive →be here
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead
come back →be back leave →be away
fall ill(sick, asleep)
→be ill(sick, asleep) get up →be up
go out →be out
finish →be over
put on →wear 或be on open →be open
join →be in
或be a m ember of…close →be closed
go to school →be a student borrow →keep
buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study →study come to work →work
例题
（）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away （）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
（）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
（）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become （）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
（）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
（）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
（）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became
（）9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
（）10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
（）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept
B. was sleeping
C. has sleep
D. had slept （）12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought
B. has bought
C. has had
（）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?
---Two weeks.
A. did fall
B. have, fell
C. have, been
（）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left
B. has moved away
C. has been away from
（）15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. take
练习
[单项选择]
（）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him.
A. knew
B. have known
C. must know
D. will know
（）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?
A. already
B. never
C. ever
D. still
（）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just
B. ago
C. before
D. a moment ago （）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing
B. was writing
C. wrote
D. has written
（）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed; well
B. changed; good
C. has changed; better
D. changed; better
（）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was; studying
B. will; study
C. has; studied
D. are; studying
（）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew
（）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice.
A. will see
B. have seen
C. saw
D. see
（）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there?
A. will they go
B. did they go
C. do they go
D. have they gone
（）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finished
B.Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished
D.will; do; finish
（）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in
（）12、—Do you know her well?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made
（）13、—How long have you ____ here?
—About seven years.
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived
（）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
（）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
（）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library.
A. has gone
B. went
C. will go
D. has been
（）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
（）18、He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up
B. has got up
C. has been up
（）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.
A. is
B. catches
C. has caught
D. has had
（）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university [汉译英]
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
Keys:
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before （以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)
现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句： 例：1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。（我在北京住过。） 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式，表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过，至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时，表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京，现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have （has）+过去分词”，表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型：
We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法（过去分词的构成详见第六章）：1.构成现在（过去）完成时 have（has）+过去分词～ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态：参见第十三章 be + 过去分词～ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have（has）+not +过去分词～. I have not seen the movie yet.
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.
英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题 一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。 现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下： 肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film. 否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film. 疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t. Has he/she/it seen the film Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ s he/ it hasn’t. 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。 标志词词义用法位置 already已经肯定句句中或句末 ever曾经疑问句、肯定句句中 never从未，从来不陈述句，不和not 连用句中 (ever)since自从肯定、疑问、否定句中 for后接一段时间肯定、疑问、否定句中 just刚刚，正好肯定句句中 yet还疑问句、否定句末 recently最近肯定、否定、疑问句句末 once, twice, a few times几次肯定、疑问句末 during/over /in 在过去的一段时间里肯定、疑问、否定句末 the past/last + 一段时 间 It’s the first time I …这是我第一次…肯定句前
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
第六讲现在完成时 1.概念： 1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去,常和for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词. eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了. --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? --- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语+ have / has + done + … 3. 句型: ⑴肯定句: ①主语+ have / has + done + … eg：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. ⑵否定句: ①主语+ have / has + not +done + … eg：I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影. eg：She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. ⑶一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语+ done + … eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg：Has she finished do ing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. ⑷特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ done + … eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：
现在完成时的构成 一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分 别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 三）一般疑问式 助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：
完成时态 1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 have
英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）
现在完成时： 1．构成：have / has + 过去分词 2．功能： （1）表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近）, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。 ?. He hasn't seen her lately. ?. I haven't finished the book yet. （2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止）, up till now（直到现在）, since, for a long time （很长时间）, up to present（直到现在）, in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里）, these days（目前）…… ?. He has worked here for 15 years. ?. I have studied English since I came here. ?. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. ?. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother. （3）某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 黄金要点：I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达）, join（加入）, leave（离开）, go, refuse （拒绝）, fail（失败）, finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚）, awake（醒）, buy, borrow, lend ... II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。 III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。?. She has gone away for a month.（误）?. She has been away for a month （正） ?. The man has died for two years.（误）?. The man has been dead for two years.（正）?. How long have you bought the book?（误）?. How long have you got the book.（正）
（Present Perfect）。 第一部分 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始: 构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never (“从不”用于中间处) ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just (“刚刚”用于中间处) yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. 第二部分 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志 ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了。 第三部分 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 *“终止”、“延续”要转换
1 现在完成时（I ）语法知识定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚 ),ever(曾经)，never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经） . 常用于否定句(表示：还、尚),疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙)He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ eg: What have you already done? （done 是do/does 的过去分词） What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义：(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用 .
现在完成时 1. Kate’s never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? ______you______ your homework yet? A. Do；finish B. Are；finishing C. Did；finish D. Have；finished 4. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can’t remember where I______ A. Did；surf；surfed B. Have；surfed；surfed C. Did；surf；have surfed D. Have；surfed；have surfed 5. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 6. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. Ａ. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 7. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn’t receive B. haven’t got C. didn’t have D. haven’t heard 8. -Have you ever______Beijing to see the Forbidden City? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 9. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 10. I won’t go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. is coming 11. – Where is Mr Liu? - He________ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D.has went 12. The cleaners have cleaned the streets, ________? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 13. I like Beijing. I________ there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone 14.We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_______here for two years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 15.- How long_______you _______your exam paper? - About three months. A. did；buy B. have；get C. have；had D. have；bought 16. He tells me he ________China for over eight years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 17.____has Mr. Brown been a member of the party since he_____to China? A. How soon；comes B. How often；got C. How long；came D. How far；arrived 18. His parents________ for more than 3 years. A. have come here B. have started to work C. have lived there D. have left the university 答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6. D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13. C 14.C15 C16.B 17.C 18.C
现在完成时精讲和专练 I.定义： 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II.现在完成时的结构 简略答语: 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 III.现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和，ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年）, already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用 说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如： I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。 ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志 注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 IV.现在完成时的用法