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国际贸易专业英语 中译英

国际贸易专业英语 中译英
国际贸易专业英语 中译英

句子翻译:

U1:

1.通过国际贸易,可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和劳务。(get access to/be exposed to)

Tradeing globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries.

2.通过国际贸易,富裕国家可以更高效地使用其劳动力、技术或资本等资源。(allow/enable)International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor, technology, or capital-more efficiently.

3.与当地企业不同,跨国企业都是在全球范围内从事经营活动。(as opposed to)Multinational firms, as opposed to local ones,undertake their business operations on a global basis.

4.今年来,中国的对外贸易呈现高速、稳定的增长。(register)

For recent years, China has registered fast and sustained growth in foreign trade volumes.

5.在全球化的市场条件下,企业面临着与国内外企业的记列的竞争。(given)

Give a globalized world market, firms find themselves in fierce competion with domestic and foreign players.

U2:

1.进口政策的目的在于获得发展中国家经济所需要的具有现代技术的资本货物。(be directed at)

The import policy is directed at the acquisition of capital goods that embody the modern technology needed to develop China’s economy.

2.很多经济学家认为,自由贸易能推动经济增长和提高生活水平。(argue)

Many economist argue that free trade will enhance the economic growth and increase the living standard.

3.发达的工业化国家仍居国际贸易的主导地位,其贸易额占世界总量的一半以上。(account for)

International trade continues to be dominated by advanced industrialized countries the trade volume of which accounts for over half of the world’s total.

4.自从实行改革开放政策以后,特别是加入世界贸易组织以后,中国的对外贸易取得了引人注目的增长。(achieve)

Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy, especially after its accession to the WTO, China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade. 5.经济学家一直在研究由于国际商务的扩展所引起的各种理论和实际问题。(engage in)Economists have been engaged in the research on the theoretical and practical issues arising from the expansion of international business.

U12:

1.尽管货运代理人收取服务费,但他们至少拥有良好的经济、高效、牵扯进口商、出口商极少精力的国际运输网络。(with minimum involvement from)

Although freight forwarders charge for their services, they do at least have well-established international distribution networks that can be utilized cost-effectively, efficiently and with minimum involement from the improter or exporter.

2.在很多方面企业会发现丢失或损失的货物蚕食了他们的利润。(erode the profitability)There are many numbers of ways in which business can see their profitablity eroded by lost or damaged goods.

3.在企业利用保险经纪人为船只在运输途中保险,利用报关行在货物到达时报关。(clear the goods though Customs)

Companies make use of insurance brokers to insure the shipment during transport and customs brokers to chear the goods through customs on arrial.

4.只要能证明货物的性质和价值没有变化,就会退回保证金。(providing that)

The deposit was refunded on leaving the country providing that it could be proven that the nature and value of the consignment remained unchanged.

5.货运代理人的职责是确保货物包装、标记恰当,单据完备,以方便运输。(remit)

It is within the forwarder’s remit to ensure that the goods are properly packed and maked for transport and that appropriate documentation is prepared to facilitate shipment.

U13:

1.环保主义者认为如果全球变暖和雨林保护等问题不同等考虑的话,商业目的将胜出,环

境就会遭破坏。(win out)

Environmentalists argue that if issues such as global warming and protection of the rain forests are not brought into the equation, commercial goals will win out and environment will suffer.

2.无条件最惠国待遇始于2000年,它为加入WTO铺平了道路。(pave the way for)Unconditional MFN status came in 2000, paying the way for WTO membership.

3.令美国沮丧的事,评审团裁决日本没有违反WTO规则,因为政府行为和日本的市场结构

之间没有联系。(to the dismay of)

To the dismay of the US, the panel decided that Japan had not violated WTO rules, as there had been no connection between government action and Japan’s market sructure.

4.所有国家都享有公认的保护国家利益的权力,但是这个原则以及他们对WTO规则的理解

都可能存在很大的差异。(be subjust to)

All countries enjoy a recorgnized right to safeguard national interests, but this principle, as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves, is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.

5.一个被审讯团裁定违反贸易规则的国家可以向审理上诉的机构进行上诉。(appeal to)

A countey found to be in breach of trade rules by a panel may appeal to the Appellate Body.

配词:

1.freight货物运输-- all merchandise, goods, products, or commodities shipped by

rail, air, road, or water other than by baggage, express mail, or regular mail 2.arbitration仲裁—the resolution of a dispute between two parties through a

voluntary or contractually required hearing and determination by an impartial third party

3.carrier承运人—an individual or legal entity that is in the business of

transporting passengers or goods for hire

4.mark唛头—information placed on outer surface of shipping containers or

packages such as address labels, identifying numbers, box specifications, caution, or directional warning

5.discount折扣—a reduction from the full or standard amount of a price or debt

6.customs duty关税—a tax levied and collected by custom officials in discharging

the tariff regulations on imports

7.liability责任—something for which one is liable; an obligation, a

responsibility, or a debt

8.formality 礼节,俗套—an established form, rule, or custom, especially one

followed merely for the sake of procedure or decorum

9.litigation 提起诉讼;参与法律程序,打官司—to engage in legal proceedings

10.treaty 条约—a formal agreement between two or more states, as in reference to

terms of peace or trade

11.cargo 货物—the freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle

12.transportation 运送—the act or an instance of transporting

13.risk 危险,风险—the possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger

14.inspection 检查—an act of respecting

15.abbreviation 简写字,缩略语—a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly

in writing to represent the complete form, such as Mass. for Massachusetts or USMC for United States Marine Corps

1.cumulative 积累的—accumulative; increasing by successive addition

2.reinstate 恢复—bring back into original existence, use, function, or position

3.coincide一致,符合—go with, fall together

4.installment分期付款—the regular periodic payment that a borrower agrees to

make to a lender

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9811177751.html,pensation 补偿,赔偿—something(such as money) given or received as payment

or reparation(as for a service or loss or injury)

6.intermediary 仲裁者,调解者—a third party that facilitates trade between buyer

and seller

7.doctrine 原则—particular principle, position, or policy taught or advocated

8.Open account往来帐户;未清结的帐目----credit extended that is not supported

by a note, mortgage ,or other formal written evidence of indebtedness

9.Expenditure支出,花费;经费,消费额----an expense

10.Guarantee抵押品----a pledge that something will be performed in a specified

manner

11.Warranty担保;保证;授权----an assurance by the seller of property that the goods

or property are as represented or will be as promised

12.Obligation义务;职责----a social , legal ,or moral requirement , such as a duty ,

contract , or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action

13.Court审判庭----a similar authorized tribunal having military or ecclesiastical

jurisdiction

14.Defendant被告----the party against which an action is brought

15.Fraud欺诈----a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or

unlawful gain

16.Clearance清除;空隙----the completion of customs entry formalities resulting

in the release of goods from customs custody to the importer

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9811177751.html,mission佣金----the amount paid to an agent , which may be an individual ,

a broker , or a financial institution for consummating a transaction involving

sale or purchase of assets or services

18.Tender看管人----a written offer to contract goods or services at a specified

cost or rate ; a bid

19.Breakdown分类----an analysis , an outline , or a summary consisting of itemized

data or essentials

20.Indemnity赔偿----compensation for damage , loss , or injury suffered

21.Brochure小册子----a small booklet or pamphlet , often containing promotional

material or product information

22.Cash flow资金流动----the pattern of income and expenditures ,as of a company

or person ,and the resulting availability of cash

23.Repercussion反响----a remote or indirect consequence of some action

24.Spring up跳起(发生,萌芽,出现) ----come into existence ;take on form or shape

25.Forge伪造----shape; make something ,usually for a specific function

26.Deliberately故意的----intentionally ;with intention ;in an intentional manner

27.Recourse追索权----the right .in an agreement . to demand payment from the person

who is taking on an obligation

28.Imminent即将来临的----at hand ;close in time ; about to occur

29.Meticulous小心翼翼的----marked by extreme care in treatment of details

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9811177751.html,ply with照做----to act in accordance with rules .wishes ,etc.

国际贸易专业英语词汇

国际经济与贸易专业英语词汇手册 商学院 2009年1月

economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活,标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本

国际贸易专业英语单词

国际贸易专业英语 Unit 1 mercantilism重商主义;export出口;import进口;precious metal贵金属;restrain import限制进口;encourage export鼓励出口; early(late)mercantilism早期(晚期)重商主义;bullionism重金主义; favorable balance of trade; positive trade balance; trade surplus贸易顺差; trade deficit; unfavorable balance of trade; negative trade balance贸易逆差; balance of bargains贸易差额论 barter; barter trade易货贸易; hard currency硬通货; physiocrat重农主义者;physiocracy重农主义;laissez-faire自由主义; monopoly垄断;tariff关税;quota配额;prohibition禁令;skilled labor熟练劳动力;manufactured goods制成品 port duty入港税; country of origin原产地; The wealth of Nations国富论; positive-sum game正和游戏;

zero-sum game零和游戏; specialization专业化;economies of scale规模经济; welfare福利; 1 free-market economics自由市场经济 classical economist古典经济学家; oversupply供大于求;过度供给; inflation通货膨胀;Industrial Revolution工业革命; free trade policy自由贸易政策; protectionism保护贸易主义; international monetary system国际货币体系; gold standard金本位;exchange rate汇率; international price国际价格;devaluation贬值; depreciation贬值;appreciation升值; revaluation升值;the Great Depression大萧条; Keynesian凯恩斯主义者; countercyclical policy反周期政策; centrally planned system中央计划体制; economic affair经济事务; bilateral trading agreement双边贸易协定; foreign exchange外汇; foreign exchange control外汇管制; The Marshall Plan马歇尔计划; The Bretton Woods agreement布雷顿森林协定;

英语汉译英翻译

Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力,集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

材料专业英文词汇

材料专业英文词汇(全) 来源:李硕的日志 化学元素(elements) 化学元素,简称元素,是化学元素周期表中的基本组成,现有113种元素,其中原子序数从93到113号的元素是人造元素。 物质(matter) 物质是客观实在,且能被人们通过某种方式感知和了解的东西,是元素的载体。 材料(materials) 材料是能为人类经济地、用于制造有用物品的物质。 化学纤维(man-made fiber, chemical fiber) 化学纤维是用天然的或合成的高聚物为原料,主要经过化学方法加工制成的纤维。可分为再生纤维、合成纤维、醋酯纤维、无机纤维等。 芯片(COMS chip) 芯片是含有一系列电子元件及其连线的小块硅片,主要用于计算机和其他电子设备。 光导纤维(optical waveguide fibre) 光以波导方式在其中传输的光学介质材料,简称光纤。 激光(laser) (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation简写为:laser) 激光是利用辐射计发光放大原理而产生的一种单色(单频率)、定向性好、干涉性强、能量密度高的光束。 超导(Superconduct) 物质在某个温度下电阻为零的现象为超导,我们称具有超导性质的材料为超导体。 仿生材料(biomimetic matorials) 仿生材料是模仿生物结构或功能,人为设计和制造的一类材料。 材料科学(materials science) 材料科学是一门科学,它从事于材料本质的发现、分析方面的研究,它的目的在于提供材料结构的统一描绘,或给出模型,并解释这种结构与材料的性能之间的关系。 材料工程(materials engineering) 材料工程属技术的范畴,目的在于采用经济的、而又能为社会所接受的生产工艺、加工工艺控制材料的结构、性能和形状以达到使用要求。 材料科学与工程(materials science and engineering) 材料科学与工程是研究有关材料的成份、结构和制造工艺与其性能和使用性能间相互关系的知识及这些知识的应用,是一门应用基础科学。材料的成份、结构,制造工艺,性能及使用性能被认为是材料科学与工程的四个基本要素。

国际贸易专业英语整理

可能出翻译 (1) FOB: Free on Board (…named port of shipment) 装运港船上交货(……指定装运港)“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. (2)CFR: Cost and Freight(…named port of destination) 成本加运费(……指定目的港) “Cost and Freight” means that the seller is responsible for chartering a liner and loading the goods on the liner at the stipulated time in the contract. (3)CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination) 成本、保险加 运费(……指定目的港) “Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the obligations to procure marine insurance against the risks of losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage. 1. The theory of comparative advantage Although Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories ab out trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not posses s absolute advantage in any product, could it (or would it ) trade ? 尽管斯密的著作在贸易和生产相关的经济理论上有指导意义,但他没有回答类似于一 个国家若没有绝对优势能否贸易这样的问题。 David Ricardo (1772- 1823) , in his 1819 work entitled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, sought to take the basis ideas set down by Smith a few steps further. Ricardo noted that even if a country possessed absolute advantage in the production of two produ cts, it still must be relatively more efficient than the other country in the production o f one commodity than the other. Ricardo termed this the Comparative Advantage. 大卫.李嘉图在1819年的作品《政治经济学及赋税原理》,试图在斯密观点基础上进 行更深一步挖掘,李嘉图表示即使一个国家在生产两种产品时有绝对优势,但相对另 一个国家生产同类产品它依然有相对较高效率的产品,李嘉图把这称之为比较优势。 2.Definition a. According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy th e goods from other countries that it produces less efficiently, even i f this means buyi ng goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.

统计学专业英语翻译

汉译英 Population 总体,样本总体sample 样本,标本parameter 限制因素 median 中位数odd 奇数,单数even 偶数 range 极差variance 方差standard deviation 标准差Covariance 协方差empty event 空事件product event 积事件 conditional probability 条件概率Random variable 随机变量binominal distribution 二项式分布uniform distribution 均匀分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布residual 残差 central limit theorem 中心极限定律 英译汉 descriptive statistics 描述统计学mathematical statistics 数理统计学inductive statistics 归纳统计学Inferential statistics 推断统计学dimension 维,维数continuous variable 连续变量ordinal variable 有序变量nominal variable 名义变量dichotomous 两分的;二歧的discrete variable 离散变量categorical variable 分类变量location 定位,位置,场所dispersion 分散mean 均值unimodal单峰的 multimodal 多峰的chaotic 无秩序的grouped data 分组数据 frequency distribution频数分布cumulative frequency 累加频数tallying 计算 Uniformly distribution 均匀分布histogram 直方图frequency polygon 频率多边图rectangle 矩形Percentile 百分位数quartile 四分位数 interquartile range 四分位数间距simple event 简单事件Compound event 复合事件mutually exclusive 互斥的,互补相交的complementary event 对立事件Independent 独立的joint probability function 联合概率函数jacobian雅克比行列式 Law of large numbers大数定律point estimate 点估计estimate 估计值 statistic 统计量optimality 最优性Unbiased estimate 无偏估计量efficient estimate 有偏估计量unbiasedness无偏性efficience有效性Consistent estimate 一致估计量 asymptotic properties 渐近性质Confidence interval 置信区间interval estimation 区间估计 null hypothesis 原假设alternative hypothesis 备择假设significance level 显著性水平power function 幂函数testing procedures 检验方法test statistic 检验统计量 rejection region 拒绝区域acceptance region 接受区域critical region 临界区域 first-derivatives 一阶导数second-derivatives 二阶导数Likelihood ratio 似然比dependent variable因变量unexplanatory variable未解释变量independent variable自变量 Error term 误差项regression coefficients 回归系数Sum of squared residuals 残差平方和Marginal probability function 边际概率函数joint probability density function 联合概率密度函数Marginal probability density function边际概率密度函数stochastically independent 随机独立的 Mutually independently distribution 相互独立的分布independently and identically distribution 独立同分布的likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 最大似然估计量 maximum likelihood estimate 最大似然估计值log-likelihood function 对数似然函数 ordinary least squares estimation/estimate/estimator 普通最小二乘估计/估计值/估计量 linear unbiased estimator 线性无偏估计

材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案

材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的,严格的来说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,来设计和生产具有预定性

各专业的英文翻译

中国教育在线考研频道提供考研全方面信息指导及咨询服务,为您成功考研提供一切帮助。 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版(曹同玉)课后单词电子教案

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版(曹同玉) 课后单词

专业英语 accordion 手风琴 activation 活化(作用) addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物 aggravate 加重,恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药,化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基 aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化(作用) amino 氨基,氨基的amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的anionic 阴(负)离子的antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香(族)的arrangement (空间)排布,排列atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力,吸引 backbone 主链,骨干 behavior 性能,行为 biological 生物(学)的 biomedical 生物医学的 bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限,范围 brittle 脆的,易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体 catalyst 催化剂,触媒categorization 分类(法) category 种类,类型 cation 正[阳]离子 cationic 阳(正)离子的centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯(气) coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始,着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物 conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象 consistency 稠度,粘稠度contaminant 污物 contour 外形,轮廓 controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论,争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚(合)corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体,结晶 crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的 crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性,变形能力deformation 形变 deformation 变形 degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度 depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物,沉积depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水 diacid 二(元)酸 diamine 二(元)胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimer 二聚物(体) diol 二(元)醇diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解,分散,分离 dislocation 错位,位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解 dissolve 使…溶解 distort 使…变形,扭曲 double bond 双键 dough (生)面团,揉好的面 drug 药品,药物 elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除,打开,除去 elongation 伸长率,延伸率 entanglement 缠结,纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化(作用) evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维 flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的 flocculating agent 絮凝剂 folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶 理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑,碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理 论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶 glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃(态)的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒 growing chain 生长链,活性链 gyration 旋转,回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢(气) hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的 ideal 理想的,概念的 imagine 想象,推测 imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进,改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation (链)引发 initiator 引发剂 inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的 interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子 ion exchange resin 离子交换树 脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射,辐射 irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属 isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的 light scattering 光散射 line 衬里,贴面 liquid crystal 液晶 macromelecule 大分子,高分子 matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距 mechanical property 力学性能, 机械性能 mechanism 机理 medium 介质中等的,中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值,最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动,流动 model 模型 modify 改性 molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布 molten 熔化的 monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态(学) moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的 nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测 器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量 occluded 夹杂(带)的 olefinic 烯烃的 optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸 pattern 花纹,图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能,特征 permeability 渗透性 pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药 的 phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气,碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯 polycondensation 缩(合)聚 (合) polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性 polyesterification 聚酯化(作 用) polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物 polymeric 聚合(物)的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性,孔隙率 positive 正的,阳(性)的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工,成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基 radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物,试剂 reactive 反应性的,活性的 reactivity 反应性,活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除,松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子,筛分 seal 密封 secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降(法) segment 链段 segment 链段 semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀,澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时,同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压 srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的 step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的 stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的 strength 强度 stretch 拉直,拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代,代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的 tacky (表面)发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮,槽车 tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate (链)终止 tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的 tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构,组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的 three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩 transfer (链)转移,(热)传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟 酸羊 trimer 三聚物(体) triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心 (分离) ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化,改变 vinyl 乙烯基(的) vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度 viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量 viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化 weight average molecular weight 重均分子量 X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率 Young's modulus 杨氏模量

材料科学与工程专业英语第三版 翻译以及答案

UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料 四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科

进出口专业英语

1.Trade-related Terms 贸易相关术语 A.贸易 Foreign Trade 对外贸易 Entrepot Trade F。)转口贸易 Home (Domestic)Trade 内贸 Coastal Trade 沿海贸易 Cross-border Trade 边境贸易 Barter Trade 易货贸易 Compensation Trade 补偿(互补)贸易 Bilateral trade (between China and the US)(中美)双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多边贸易 Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company 贸易公司 Liner Trade 集装箱班轮运输 B.合同 Contract 合同 Active service contracts on file 在备有效服务合同 Sales Contract 销售合同 Sales Confirmation 销售确认书 Agreement 协议 Vessel sharing Agreement 共用舱位协议 Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位协议 Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互换协议 Amendment 修正合同 Appendix 附录 Quota 配额 C.服务合同 Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984,a contract between a shipper (or a shippers association)and an ocean carrier (or conference)in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period,and the ocean common carrier or conference commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as well as a defined service level (such as assured space,transit time, port rotation or similar service features)。The contract may also specify provisions in the event of non-performance on the part of either party 服务合同

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