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英语短语词组英语短语词组⼤全 要学好英语，词汇是⾄关重要的。
词汇是语⾔系统的重要组成部分，因此也是语⾔学习中的重要内容。
为了帮助⼤家，⼩编整理了⼤量英语短语，快点背起来吧! 第⼀组 1. 以break为中⼼的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 破坏，粉碎;⽡解;出故障，抛锚 break in 闯进，打断;使顺服 break into 闯⼊;强⾏进⼊;突然开始 break out 爆发，发⽣;准备使⽤;起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one's promise 失⾔ break up 开垦，破碎;解散，分开，分解 2. 以catch为中⼼的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋⾬ catch a bus/train 赶汽车/⽕车 catch a cold 伤风，感冒 catch one's word 听懂某⼈的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 catch up with 赶上，追及，追上 3. 以come为中⼼的词组 come across 偶尔发现，想起;越过;偿付 come along ⼀道来，陪伴;进步，进展;出现 come at 达到，求得，得到;扑向，袭击 come back 回来;恢复，复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 来⾃，起源于，从~~产⽣，⽣于 come in 进来，进⼊;流⾏起来;获名次 come into being 发⽣，产⽣，出现，形成 come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into use 开始使⽤，获得应⽤ come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;被提出 come to know 开始了解到 come out 出来，传出;出版;结果是;褪⾊;(秘密)泄露 come to 苏醒，复原;共计;达到;归结于 come to an end 终⽌，结束 come true 实现，成为现实;证实 come up ⾛近;上楼;长出，发芽 4. 以do为中⼼的词组 be done in 精疲⼒竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做⼀件好事 do away with 去掉，废除;弄死;浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do its work 有效，有作⽤ do much 极有⽤ do wrong to 做错 do one's best 尽某⼈最⼤努⼒ do one's homework 做作业 do one's utmost 尽⼒⽽为 do proud ⾜以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某⼈ do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫⽣ do sb. a favor 帮助某⼈ do well in 学得不错，⼲得漂亮 do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理 do without 不需要，不⽤ do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~⽆关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下 That will do. ⾏了;够了 5. 以get为中⼼的词组 get about 徘徊，⾛动，旅⾏;流传 get above oneself ⾃视⾼傲 get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过;说服，使理解 get ahead of 胜过，超过 get along 前进，进步;同意;离去 get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现，了解;掌握;攻击 have got to do 不得不，必须 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来;报复 get behind 落后;识破 get down 咽下;写下;使沮丧，使抑郁 get down to 认真对待，静下⼼来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得，取得 get home 到家 get in 进⼊，陷⼊;牵涉 get off 送⾛;脱下(⾐服);下车;动⾝ get on 上车;穿上;进步，使前进;成功;相处 get upon with 进步;在~~⽅⾯获得成功 get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯 get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出;避免;退休 get over 越过;恢复，痊愈;克服;完成 get ready for 为~~作准备 get rid of 除去，去掉;免除，摆脱 get through 到达，完成，通过; 及格 get together 积聚，积累;商谈，取得⼀致意见 get up 起床，起⽴;研究，钻研;致⼒于;安排，组织 get used to 习惯于 6. 以give为中⼼的词组 be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配;传播 give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发 give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由 give ear to 侧⽿倾听 give forth 发出，放出;发表 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give in to 同意，接受;向~~让步 give off 发出(烟，⽓味) give oneself out to be/as ⾃称为 give oneself up to 专⼼于;向~~⾃⾸ give out 分发，公布 give place to 让位于，被~~所替代 give rise to 引起，导致;使~~发⽣ give sb. to understand 通知某⼈ give up 放弃;停⽌ give way to 让步，退却;屈服于 7. 以look为中⼼的词组 look about 四下环顾;查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look at 注视，着眼于 look back 回顾 look for 寻找;期待，期望 look down on 俯视;轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视;调查;浏览 look like 看起来象 look on 旁观;⾯向 look out 向外看;注意;当⼼，堤防 look over 从上⾯看过去;检查 look through 透过~~看去;看穿;浏览 look up to 仰望，尊敬 8. 以make为中⼼的词组 be made from 由~~原料制成 be made of 由~~材料制成 be made up of 由~~组成 make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗 make a mistake 弄错 make a point of doing 强调;认为~~重要;决⼼，坚持 make advantages/use of 使⽤，利⽤ make after 追求，追赶 make believe 假装 make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚 make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系 make for 去向，向~~前进;有利于 make friends with 和~~交友 make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为 make much of 重视;理解;赏识 make one's mind on sth. 决定某事 make one's own 当作⾃⼰的看待 make oneself at home 随便，别拘束 make out 填写;开⽀票;理解;辨认 make the best of 尽量利⽤;极为重视 make up 弥补，修理;赔偿，补偿;起草;编造;化装 make up to 接近，巴结;向~~求爱 make way for 为~~让路，让路于 on the make 急求成功;增加 9. 以put为中⼼的词组 put aside 把~~放在⼀边;搁置;排除 put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾;储藏;吃喝，吃掉 put back 把~~放回原处;驳回 put down 放下;镇压;制⽌;记下;削减;降落 put forward 提出;拨快;建议，推荐;提倡，倡议 put ... into 把~~放⼊;插⼊;翻译成 put off 推迟，延期;消除;推脱，推辞 put on 上演;穿上，带上 put up with 忍受，容忍 put one's heart into 全神贯注，专⼼致志 put up 举起，挂起;提名，推荐;陈列 10. 以take为中⼼的词组 be taken aback 吃惊 take a seat 就坐 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡 take aim 瞄准，设⽴⽬标 take away 拿⾛，减去;夺去 take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜 take one's place 就坐，⼊坐 take care of 当⼼;照顾;提防;谨慎;处理，对付;负责 take office 就职，上任 take...for 把~当作 take off 脱去;离开;起飞;模仿;起程;致死 take one's temperature 量体温 take part in 参与，参加 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来 take place = happen 发⽣，举⾏ take the place of 代替 take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲 take sb. by the arm 拉某⼈的胳膊 11. 以turn为中⼼的`词组 give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法 in one's turn 轮到某⼈做某事 out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的 take one's turn to do 轮到做 turn a blind eye to 对~~视⽽不见 turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度 turn back 折回，往回⾛ turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑 turn into ⾛进;变成，变为 turn to ~~for help 求助于 turn off 关上;解雇，辞退;避开(问题);制造;⽣产 turn on 打开;反对;依靠，依赖，取决于 turn one's attention to 把注意⼒转向 turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是 turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是 turn over a new leaf 翻开新的⼀页，重新开始，改过⾃新 turn (a)round 旋转，转过⾝来;改变意见;采取新政策 turn to 变成;着⼿于 turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来;使陷⼊混乱 第⼆组 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导/关⼼下 2.be strict with sb. 对～⼈要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time ⽬前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least ⾄少 in the least 丝毫，⼀点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one's own way to do 随⼼所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one's way 迷路 by the way 顺便说⼀下 on one's way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边⾛ 10. at the corner 在拐⾓处(外⾓) in the corner 在⾓落⾥(内⾓) on the corner 在⾓落上(外⾓上) 第三组 1.judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某⼈⾃⼰来判断 2. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，⽀持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 3. in the course of 在～～过程中 in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼⾥ in the face of ⾯对～，尽管，纵使 in the middle of 在～中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 4. on the eve of 在～～前⼣ on the side of 在～～⼀边5. after a time = after some time 过⼀段时间后 for a time = for some time ⼀时，有⼀段时间6. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后⾯ 7. at no time 决不 in no time ⽴即，马上 8. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，⼀直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 9. for a moment ⼀会⼉ for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当～～⼀刹那 10. once or twice ⼀两次 more than once 不⽌⼀次 once more 重新，⼜ once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔 经典英语短语 1、A fate, as parallel train rails, a lifetime are in close proximity to dating, but no.有⼀种缘，恰似平⾏的⽕车道轨，⼀⽣都离的很近，却注定⽆缘相见。
有哪些经典英文短语？Do or die. 生死攸关。
Win or bust. 志在必得。
Now or never. 千载难逢。
All or nothing. 孤注一掷。
Make or break. 成王败寇。
Use it or lose it. 用进废退。
Swim or drown. 破釜沉舟。
Divide and rule. 分而治之。
Love is blind. 爱情使人盲目。
Winner takes all. 胜者为王。
Go with your gut. 相信直觉。
Take it or leave it. 态度坚定。
Murder will out. 纸包不住火。
Seize the moment. 只争朝夕。
Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
Rise from the ashes. 浴火重生。
All we have is now. 只争朝夕。
Go big or go home. 全力以赴。
Let them eat cake. 何不食肉糜。
You had me at hello. 一见钟情。
Live and learn. 吃一堑，长一智。
Do a good turn daily. 日行一善。
Man is mortal. 人生自古谁无死。
Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是美德。
Still waters run deep. 静水流深。
Trials and tribulations 艰辛磨难Fish for compliments. 沽名钓誉。
Have nothing to lose. 无所畏惧。
Conquer from within. 战胜自我。
Easier said than done. 知易行难。
Years bring wisdom. 年长则智增。
Every man to his taste. 见仁见智。
First come, first served. 先到先得。
Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
很全的英语短语，可以防止你英文退化[经典转发]1. a big headache令人头痛的事情2. a fraction of 一部分3. a matter of concern 焦点4. a series of 一系列,一连串5. absent from不在,缺席6. abundant in富于7. account for 解释8. accuse sb. of sth.控告9. add to增加（add up to）10. after all 毕竟,究竟11. agree with同意12. ahead of time / schedule提前13. ahead of 在...之前（ahead of time提前）14. alien to与...相反15. all at once 突然,同时16. all but 几乎;除了...都17. all of a sudden 突然18. all over again 再一次,重新19. all over 遍及20. all right 令人满意的;可以21. all the same 仍然,照样的22. all the time 一直,始终23. angry with sb. at/aboutsth.生气,愤怒24. anxious about/for忧虑,担心25. anything but 根本不26. apart from 除...外(有/无)27. appeal to 吸引，申诉，请求28. applicable to适用于29. apply to适用30. appropriate for/to适当,合适31. approximate to近似,接近32. apt at聪明,善于33. apt to易于34. around the clock夜以继日35. as a matter of fact 实际上36. as a result(of) 因此,由于37. as a rule 通常,照例38. as far as ...be concerned就...而言39. as far as 远至,到...程度40. as follows 如下41. as for 至于,关于42. as good as 和...几乎一样43. as if 好像,防腐44. as regards 关于,至于45. as to 至于,关于46. as usual 像平常一样,照例47. as well as 除...外(也),即...又48. as well 同样,也,还49. ashamed of羞愧,害臊50. aside from 除...外(还有)51. ask for the moon异想天开52. at a loss 茫然,不知所措53. at a time 一次,每次54. at all costs 不惜一切代价55. at all events 不管怎样,无论如何56. at all times 随时,总是57. at all 丝毫(不),一点也不58. at any rate 无论如何,至少59. at best 充其量,至多60. at first sight 乍一看,初看起来61. at first 最初,起先62. at hand 在手边,在附近63. at heart 内心里,本质上64. at home 在家,在国内65. at intervals 不时,每隔...66. at large 大多数,未被捕获的67. at last 终于68. at least 至少69. at length 最终,终于70. at most 至多,不超过71. at no time 从不,决不72. at one time 曾经,一度;同时73. at present 目前,现在74. at someone's disposal 任...处理75. at the cost of 以...为代价76. at the mercy of 任凭...摆布77. at the moment 此刻,目前78. at this rate 照此速度79. at times 有时,间或80. aware of意识到81. back and forth 来回地,反复地82. back of 在...后面83. back up后备,支援84. bare of几乎没有,缺乏85. be able to do能够86. be around差不多87. be available to sb.可用,可供88. be bound to一定89. be capable of doing能够90. be concerned with 关心…，涉足…91. be dying to渴望92. be fed up with受够了be tired of93. be in hospital 住院94. be in season 上市的/in peakseason旺季95. be in the mood to do sth. 想做96. be pressed for time时间不够97. be tied up with忙于98. be under the weather 身体不好99. beat around the bush 拐弯没角100. beat the crowd 避开人群101. before long 不久以后102. behind schedule 误点103. bent on sth. 下定决心做…104. beside point 离题的,不相干的105. beyond one's ability超越某人的能力106. beyond question 毫无疑问107. book on reserve 须留的图书108. booked up 订完了109. bound for开往110. break down抛锚111. break though突破112. break up with和某人分手be through with / be finished with113. bring about 使…发生114. bring someone up to date帮某人赶上help someone catch up115. by accident 偶然116. by air 通过航空途径117. by all means 尽一切办法,务必118. by and by 不久,迟早119. by chance 偶然,碰巧120. by far 最,...得多121. by hand 用手,用体力122. by itself 自动地,独自地123. by means of 用,依靠124. by mistake 错误地,无意地125. by no means 决不,并没有126. by oneself 单独地,独自地127. by reason of 由于128. by the way 顺便说说129. by virtue of 借助,由于130. by way of 经由,通过...方法131. call off取消132. call on号召,邀请,点某人的名,拜访133. capable of能够134. careful of/about/with小心,注意135. certain of /about确信,肯定136. chair a meeting 主持会议137. charge sb. with sth.控告138. clear of没有,不接触139. clever at善于140. close to接近,亲近141. come in contact with 与…取得联系142. come out of sth. alive大难不死143. come up (with)提出,拿出144. comparable to/with比作/比较145. conscious of察觉到,意识到146. consequent on随之而来147. considerate towards体谅,体贴148. contemporary with与...同时代149. content with满足于150. contrary to违反151. cost someone an arm and aleg代价很大152. count down倒计时153. count one's chickens before they arehatched过于乐观154. count on依靠155. count on依靠156. count the day期待157. count the day期待158. counter to与...相反159. crazy about热衷,着迷160. critical of挑剔,批评161. cry in one's beer借酒消愁162. cry on one's shoulder依靠163. curious about好奇,想知道164. cut down on 减少165. cut down削减166. cut in插入167. cut off切断168. cut out切除169. cut someone short打断170. cut through抄近路171. cut up切碎172. die out 灭绝173. distinct from种类(风格)不同174. do the laundry洗衣服175. doubtful of /about怀疑176. drop by / in 顺路拜访177. due to 由于,因为178. each other 互相179. easier said thandone说起来容易做起来难180. east of在...东面181. equal to相等,胜任182. equivalent to等于,相当于183. essential to/for必不可少184. even if/though 即使,虽然185. ever so 非常,极其186. every now and then 时而,偶尔187. every other 每隔一个的188. except for 除了...外189. expert at/in/on善于190. face to face 面对面地191. faculty members 教职员工192. faithful to忠实于193. fall flat 平躺在地上194. familiar to sb为...所熟悉195. familiar with sth熟悉,通晓196. far from 远非,远离197. fatal to致命的198. favorable to支持,赞成199. fearful of惧怕200. feel at home熟悉201. feel blue心情不好202. feel free to随便203. figure out sth. 解决204. fit for适于205. flat tire轮胎没气206. flat tire轮胎没气207. fond of喜欢208. for ever 永远209. for good 永久地210. for the better 好转211. for the moment 暂时,目前212. for the present 暂时,目前213. for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益214. for the time being 暂时,眼下215. foreign to非...所原有216. free of /from未受...;免费217. free with康慨,大方218. from time to time 有时,不时219. full up客满220. get a bargain 买到便宜货221. get nowhere with 毫无进展222. get over恢复223. get used to习惯于224. give off发出225. give someone a big hand为某人鼓掌226. give someone a hand帮忙227. go about sth. 开始做…228. go after追求229. go ahead同意做某事230. go by遵守231. go down下降，往下传232. go for 竭尽全力做233. go into进入，开始从事234. go off出发235. go out熄灭，外出236. go over复习237. go over复习，从头到尾检查一遍238. go round/around足够分配239. go sight seeing 去观光240. go steady with和某人确定关系241. go through从头到尾242. go without单独243. guilty of有...罪的244. had better最好245. hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联246. hang up 挂断247. have one's hands full248. have the final say 有决定权249. head on 迎面地,正面的250. heart and soul 全心全意地251. hold out for sth. 坚持要求252. hold up坚持253. hold water站得住脚254. how about ...怎么样255. how come怎么会256. hungry for渴望257. ignorant of不知道258. impatient at sth.不耐烦259. impatient for急切,渴望260. impatient of无法容忍261. in (the)light of 鉴于,由于262. in a hurry 匆忙,急于263. in a moment 立刻,一会儿264. in a sense 从某种意义上265. in a way 在某种程度上266. in a word 简言之,总之267. in accordance with与...一致,按照268. in addition to 除...之外(还)269. in addition 另外,加之270. in advance 预先,事先271. in all 总共,合计272. in any case 无论如何273. in any event 无论如何274. in brief 简单地说275. in case of 假如,防备276. in charge of 负责,总管277. in common 共用的,共有的278. in consequence(of) 因此;由于279. in debt 欠债,欠情280. in detail 详细地281. in difficulty 处境困难282. in effect 实际上,事实上283. in favor of 支持,赞成284. in front of 面对,在...前285. in general 一般来说,大体上286. in half 成两半287. in hand 在进行中,待办理288. in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念289. in itself 本质上,就其本身而言290. in line with 与...一致291. in memory of 纪念292. in no case 决不293. in no time 立即,马上294. in no way 决不295. in order 按顺序,按次序296. in other words 换句话说297. in part 部分地298. in particular 特别,尤其299. in person 亲自,本人300. in place of 代替,取代,交换301. in place 在合适的位置302. in practice 在实践中,实际上303. in proportion to 与...成比例304. in public 公开地,当众305. in quantity 大量306. in question 正在谈论的307. in regard to 关于,至于308. in relation to 关于,涉及309. in return for 作为对...报答310. in return 作为报答/回报/交换311. in short 简言之,总之312. in sight 被见到;在望313. in spite of 尽管314. in step with 与...一致/协调315. in tears 流着泪,在哭着316. in terms of317. in the company / wake of随着318. in the course of 在...期间/过程中319. in the distance 在远处320. in the end 最后,终于321. in the event of 如果...发生,万一322. in the face of 即使;在...面前323. in the first place 首先324. in the future 在未来325. in the heat of the day一天中最热的时候326. in the least 丝毫,一点327. in the long run 长期328. in the way 挡道329. in the world 究竟,到底330. in time 及时331. in touch 联系,接触332. in turn 依次,轮流;转而333. in vain 徒劳,白费力334. indifferent to无兴趣,不关心335. indignant with sb.愤慨336. inferior to级别低于,不如337. innocent of无...罪,无辜338. instead of 代替,而不是339. intent on专心于340. invisible to不可见的341. jealous of嫉妒342. just now 眼下;刚才343. keep one's eyes on关注344. keep on爱好,很喜欢345. keep track of 留心346. kind of / sort of有点somewhat347. lay off 下岗348. leave alone别说349. let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密350. liable for对...有责任351. liable to易于352. little by little 逐渐地353. look for / hunt for 找工作354. lost the point弄错355. lots of 许多356. loyal to忠于357. mad about/on狂热迷恋358. mad at/with sb.生气,愤怒359. mad with因...发狂360. make (both) ends meet收支平衡361. make a living谋生362. make it成功363. make the best / most of充分利用364. many a 许多365. mark the papers 批改考卷366. mayor / minor in367. meet one's needs满足要求368. might as well不妨369. mistake a for b 认错370. more or less 或多或少,有点371. my treat我请客372. narrow escape九死一生373. necessary to /for必要的374. next door 隔壁的,在隔壁375. next to下一个,其次376. no doubt 无疑地377. no less than 不少于...;不亚于378. no longer 不再379. no more than 至多,同...一样不380. no more 不再381. none other than 不是别的,正是382. nothing but 只有,只不过383. now and then 时而,偶尔384. off and on 断断续续,间歇地385. off duty 下班386. on (the) one hand 一方面387. on a large/small scale大/小规模地388. on account of 由于389. on behalf of 代表390. on board 在船(车/飞机)上391. on business 因公392. on condition that 如果393. on duty 上班,值班394. on earth 究竟,到底395. on fire 起火着火396. on foot 步行397. on guard 站岗,值班398. on hand 在场,在手边399. on loan to借给400. on occasion(s) 有时,间或401. on one's guard 警惕,提防402. on one's own 独立,独自403. on purpose 故意地404. on sale 出售,廉价出售405. on schedule 按时间表,准时406. on second thoughts 经重新考虑407. on the contrary 正相反408. on the grounds of 根据,以...为由409. on the other hand 另一方面410. on the point of 即将...的时刻411. on the road 在旅途中412. on the side 作为兼职/副业413. on the spot 在场;马上414. on the whole 总的来说,大体上415. on time 准时416. on(an/the) average 平均,通常417. once (and) for all 一劳永逸地418. once again 再一次419. once in a while 偶尔420. once more 再一次421. once upon a time 从前422. one another 相互423. one's cup of tea喜欢的人/物424. open to不限制,开放的425. opposite to在对面426. or else 否则,要不然427. or so 大约,左右428. other than 非;除了429. out of breath 喘不过气来430. out of control 失去控制431. out of date 过时的432. out of doors 在户外433. out of order 出故障的434. out of place 不适当的435. out of practice 久不练习,荒疏436. out of sight 看不见,在视野外437. out of the question 毫无可能的438. out of touch 不联系,不接触439. out of 从...中;由于;缺乏440. over and over (again)一再地,再三地441. parallel to与...平等,类似442. particular about挑剔,讲究443. patient with有耐心444. peculiar to独特的,独有的445. pick up捡446. play by ear见机行事447. popular with受...喜爱,爱戴448. prior to 在...之前449. pull one's leg拿某人开玩笑put someoneon450. put someone up给某人提供住宿451. put up with忍受452. quite a few 相当多,不少453. rain cats and dogs瓢泼大雨454. rather than 不是...(而是)455. reach agreement 达成协议456. reach an agreement达成一致457. regardless of 不顾,不惜458. relative to与...有关459. remove from 从…除去460. representative of代表...的461. resign one's post 辞职462. responsible for负责,是...原因463. result from 由于464. rich in富于465. right away 立即,马上466. ring sb. up 打电话给…467. rule out 排除…的可能性468. run out of用完469. rush hours上下班高峰470. see: see to it that - make sure that确保471. sensible of觉查到472. sensitive to对...敏感473. set another date改期 make on saturday / lockit474. set one's mind on doing 决定be determined to / have one's mindset on / bent on475. short of缺少476. show off卖弄477. sick of厌恶,厌倦478. side by side 肩并肩,一起479. similar to相似480. skilled at /in善于481. slip one's mind 忘记482. so far 迄今为止483. somewhere around 大约484. sooner or later 迟早,早晚485. sore throat / foot 嗓子哑/腿酸486. stay up late 熬夜487. step by step 逐步地488. subject to受制于,易于489. such as 例如,诸如490. sufficient for足够的491. suitable for/to适合于492. superior to优于,级别高于493. sure of /about对...有信心,确信494. suspicious of怀疑495. take a leave请假496. take a seat / be seated497. take one's place 取代498. take one's time慢慢来499. take sth. seriously 认真对待500. take up占据501. thanks to 由于,多亏502. that is (to say) 就是说,即503. the reverse is also true反之亦然504. tired of对...不在感兴趣505. to the point 切中要害,切题506. turn over 倾覆507. typical of是典型的,特有的508. uncertain of /about不确知509. under control 处于控制之下510. under the circumstances这种情况下511. up in the air没有确定512. up to date 在进行中513. up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于514. vital to对...关系重大515. void of没有,缺乏516. what about 怎么样517. what if 切合目前情况的518. what's up / new?发生了什么事？519. with regard to 关于,至于520. with respect to 如果...将怎么样521. with the exception of除...之外522. without any trace没有踪迹523. without fail 一向如此524. without question 毫无疑问525. wolf down狼吞虎咽526. word for word 逐字的。
经典英语短语大全及翻译1、Age wrinkles the body. Quitting wrinkles the soul. 岁月使皮肤起皱，放弃使灵魂起皱。
2、"I acted like it wasn't a big deal, when really it was breaking my heart.我装作一切都无所谓，虽然我已心力交瘁。
"3、My insecurities have ruined so many things.我的不安全感毁掉了太多的东西。
4、"My heart beats for you every day. I am inspired by you every minute, and I worry about you every second. It is wonderful to have you in my life.每一天都为你心跳，每一刻都被你感动，每一秒都为你担心。
有你的感觉真好。
"5、Love someone not because they give you what you need. Love them because they give you feelings you never thought you needed.爱上某人不是因为他们给了你需要的东西，而是因为他们给了你从未有过的感觉。
6、Everything will have an explaination one day.相信上天的旨意，发生在这世界上的事情没有一样是出于偶然，终有一天这一切都会有一个解释。
7、"No matter how bad your heart has been broken, the world doesn’t stop for your grief. The sun comes right back up the next day.不管你有多痛苦，这个世界都不会为你停止转动。
classic 短语解答"Classic" 是一个常用的英语单词，有几种常见的用法和短语。
以下是其中一些用法的简要解释：1. Classic（形容词）：经典的，典型的，有代表性的。
例如，"a classic novel" 意味着一部经典小说。
2. Classic（名词）：指代在文学、艺术、音乐或设计领域中具有代表性的作品。
例如，"The Mona Lisa is considered a classic of Renaissance art."（《蒙娜丽莎》被认为是文艺复兴艺术的代表作品。
）3. Classic Example：经典例子，典型的案例。
用于强调某种情况是某类事物的典型代表。
例如，"His behavior was a classic example of irresponsibility."（他的行为是不负责任的典型例子。
）4. Classic Car：指代经典汽车，通常是指具有历史和收藏价值的老式汽车。
例如，"He owns a collection of classic cars from the 1950s."（他拥有一批来自1950年代的经典汽车。
）5. Classic Rock：指代经典摇滚音乐，通常是指20世纪60年代和70年代的摇滚乐。
例如，"I love listening to classic rock from the '70s."（我喜欢听70年代的经典摇滚音乐。
）这些是关于"classic"一词常见用法的一些短语解答。
根据上下文，该词可能有不同的含义，因此理解它的用法背后的语境非常重要。
Sporting house 妓院(不是体育室)Dead president 美钞(不是死了的总统)Lover 情人(不是爱人)Busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是公汽售票员)Busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是大忙人)Dry goods <美>纺织品 <英>谷物(不是干货)Heart man 换心人(不是有心人)Mad doctor精神病科医生(不是发疯的医生)Eleventh hour最后时刻(不是十一点)Blind date(由第三者安排的)男女初次见面(并非盲目的约会或者是瞎约会) Personal remark人身攻击(并非个人评论)Sweet water淡水(不是糖水或者甜水)Confidence man骗子(不是信得过的人)Criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是犯罪的律师)Service station加油站(不是服务站)Rest room厕所(不是休息室)Dressing room化妆室(不是试衣间或者更衣室)Horse sense常识(不是马的感觉)Capital idea 好主意(不是资本主义思想)Familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(不是熟悉的谈话)Black tea红茶Black art 妖术(不是黑色艺术)Black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是陌生的黑人)White coal (作动力来源用的)水White man忠实可靠的人(不是皮肤白色的人)Yellow book黄皮书(法国政府报告书,以黄纸为封,不是黄色书籍) Red tape 官僚习气(不是红色带子)Green hand 新手Blue stocking 女学者,女才子(不是蓝色长筒袜)China policy 对华政策(不是中华政策)Chinese dragon 麒麟(不是中国龙)American beauty 一种玫瑰,名叫美丽动人(不是美国美女) English disease 软骨病(不是英国病)Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年(不是印度的夏日)Greek gift 害人的礼品(不是希腊的礼物)Spanish athlete 吹牛的人(不是西班牙的运动员)French chalk 滑石粉(不是法国粉笔)Pull ones leg 开玩笑(不是拉后腿)In ones birthday suit 赤身裸体(不是穿着生日礼服)Eat ones words 收回前言(不是食言)An apple of love 西红柿(不是爱情之果)Handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是大字报)Bring down the house 博得满堂喝彩(不是推倒房子)Have a fit 勃然大怒(不是试穿)Make ones hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然,恐惧(不是令人发指,气愤) Be taken in 受骗,上当(不是被接纳)Think a great deal of oneself 高看或者看重自己(不是为自己想的很多) Pull up ones socks 鼓起勇气(不是提上袜子)Have the heart to do 用于否定句,忍心做(不是有心做或者有意做)What a shame 多可惜,真遗憾(不是多可耻)You don’t say是吗?(不是你别说)You can say that again 说的好(不是你别说)I haven’t slept better我睡得很好(不是我从未睡好过)You can’t be too careful in your work你工作越仔细越好(不是你工作不能太仔细)It has been 4 years since I smoked 我戒烟4年了(不是我抽烟4年了) All his friends did not turn up 他的朋友没全到(不是他的朋友全没到)People will be long forgetting her 人们在很长时间内会记住她的(不是人们会永远忘记她) He was only too pleased to let them go 他很乐意让他们走(不是他,不愿让他们走太高兴了) It can’t be less interesting 它无聊极了(不是它不可能没有趣)全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC)主席团 Presidium常务委员会 Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution2、中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China3、中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission4、最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court5、最高人民检察院 Supreme People's Procuratorate6、国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office10、新闻出版 News media总编辑 Editor-in-chief高级编辑 Full Senior Editor主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor高级记者 Full Senior Reporter主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter记者 Reporter助理记者 Assistant Reporter编审 Professor of Editorship编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor技术编辑 Technical Editor技术设计员 Technical Designer校对 Proofreader11、翻译 Translation译审 Professor of Translation翻译 Translator/Interpreter助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导 Director of Announcing主任播音员 Chief Announcer播音员 Announcer电视主持人 TV Presenter电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey12、工艺、美术、电影 Arts,crafts and movies 导演 Director演员 Actor画师 Painter指挥 Conductor编导 Scenarist录音师 Sound Engineer舞蹈编剧 Choreographer美术师 Artist制片人 Producer剪辑导演 Montage Director 配音演员 Dabber 摄影师 Cameraman化装师 Make-up Artist。
英语青春励志语录经典短语大全1. Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is greater than any obstacle.相信你自己和你所具备的一切。
相信你内心的力量胜过任何困难。
2. The biggest adventure you can take is to live the life of your dreams.最大的冒险就是过上你梦寐以求的生活。
3. Don't let the fear of striking out keep you from playing the game. 不要因为害怕失败而停止参与游戏。
4. Your time is limited, don't waste it living someone else's life.时间有限，不要浪费在活别人生活上。
5. The only way to do great work is to love what you do.只有热爱自己的工作才能做出伟大的成就。
6. Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.成功并非最终，失败并非致命：重要的是要有勇气继续前进。
7. The best way to predict the future is to create it.预测未来最好的方法就是去创造它。
8. The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.实现明天的唯一限制就是我们今天的疑虑。
9. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.未来属于那些相信自己梦想之美的人。
英语短语本文是关于经典句子的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
英语短语1、Look before you leap.慎思而后行。
2、don't set your goals by what other people deem important .only your know what is best for you.不要人云亦云的确定自己的目标，只有你自己知道，对你来说什么是最棒的。
3、Speech is silver,silence is gold.言语是银，沉默是金。
4、Few words are best.寡言为贵。
5、Evil communications corrupt good manners.不良的交往败坏良好的举止。
6、great things are done by a series of small things brought together.每件大事都是由一系列小事或者细节组成的。
7、A wise head makes a close mouth.头脑灵，嘴巴紧。
8、The tongue is not made of steel,yet it cuts.舌头不是钢，一动把人伤。
9、No wisdom like silence.聪明莫过沉默。
10、What a stupid idiot!真是白痴一个！11、Virtue flies from the heart of a mercenary man.唯利是图者，胸中无美德。
12、we have multiplied out possessions,but reduced out values。
我们拥有的财富倍增，但其价值却减少了。
13、happy are the families where the government of parents is the reign of affection, and of the children the submission to love.幸福的家庭，父母靠慈爱当家，孩子也是出于对父母的爱而顺从大人。
英语作文经典短语英文回答：1. First and foremost, it is imperative that we acknowledge the significance of meticulous planning as a cornerstone of successful endeavors. By engaging in careful forethought and preparation, we establish a solid foundation upon which to navigate the challenges that lie ahead.2. Time is of the essence, and it is crucial that we optimize our utilization of it. By effectively managing our time, we can accomplish more within the constraints of our schedules and avoid the pitfalls of procrastination.3. A stitch in time saves nine, as the adage goes. By addressing issues promptly and decisively, we mitigate the potential for more significant problems down the road. Proactive measures can save us time, effort, and resources in the long run.4. Practice makes perfect, and the same principle applies to developing our skills and knowledge. Through consistent practice and repetition, we can refine our abilities and achieve a level of mastery that would otherwise be unattainable.5. There is no smoke without fire, and where there is evidence, it is often prudent to investigate further. By carefully examining the available information, we can uncover hidden truths and make informed decisions.6. The grass is not always greener on the other side, and it is essential to be content with what we have. While it is natural to yearn for more, it is important to recognize the blessings in our lives and appreciate the value of what we possess.7. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and every great endeavor starts with a small action. By taking that first step, we embark on a path of progress and growth.8. The devil is in the details, and it is often the seemingly insignificant aspects of a situation that canhave the most profound impact. By paying close attention to細節, we can avoid costly mistakes and ensure the successof our projects.9. A picture is worth a thousand words, and visual representations can convey complex information in a clear and concise manner. By incorporating images, graphs, and charts into our presentations, we can make our message more engaging and memorable.10. Actions speak louder than words, and our deedsoften speak volumes about our true intentions and values.By aligning our actions with our words, we build trust and credibility with others.中文回答：1. 首先，我们必须认识到仔细规划是成功努力的基石的重要性。
专业英语短语：Extracted from “Hydrogels forprotein delivery in tissue engineering”Caused by；Present enormous challenges in；Lead to；The combination of…and；Provides an overview of；Be proposed to；Have remarkable relevance关联；An outlook on future directions；Be provided;An introduction to;Protein release strategies from;Controlled drug delivery;Has seen rapid advances;In all fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences;with the advent(到来) of protein therapeutics;Became more urgent；The need for；Where supply of bimolecular cues；Mimic the environment of natural tissues；Promote the communication；Aims at；Have emerged as particularly promising materials for;Can act both as…and/or;In a controlled fashion;This mini-review briefly describes;After highlighting the rationale(基本原理) for;Involved in healing processes;Strategies for encapsulation;Are also discussed;Hydrogel-based;With potential clinical impact;Are outlined(概述)；Are highly influenced by;Interactions with The surrounding microenvironmentCreate an effective communication between … and;Leads to;Identified as key components of;Play a pivotal role in关键;Are difficult toIt is currently widely accepted thatThe self-healing capacity ofCan be augmented byBy the integration ofAcceleratePromote the re-growth, owing to their short half-livesHas a half-life of only 3 min/has a half life of Less than 2 min…, that modulate;Unlike other proteins (i.e. hormones),…;To mention, …Similarly,Are needed to do;, isolated from platelets,The exogenous administration of growth factors;Faces important limitationsAssociated toTheir poor transdermal adsorptionAre frequently used toTo direct the protein specifically to the wound site;In a controlled and effective manner; Spatiotemporal control over the delivery of Not only…, but alsoBut also preventsUnwanted and potentially harmful side-effects at other locations than the target;Have been investigated to;Occurs throughViaAre embedded inIs based on a combination of mechanisms Rely onAre secreted byThat are encapsulated inIn the following sectionWill be discussedCan be loaded intoCan be physically entrapped inBe adsorbed toCombination of multiple delivery systems Depending on the release mechanism Different release profiles can be obtained Table 2 overviewsIn order to obtainPhysical encapsulation of growth factorsIs a frequently applied technique forIn recent years,Attention is shifted to in situ gelling systems At the site of injectionTypically, the mechanisms that govern the drug release from these hydrogels are controlled by diffusion, swelling, erosion, external stimuli or combinations thereof [43] Depends on both…a ndGenerally speaking,The majority of the gel matricesFollowing Higuchi's kinetics,Implying that the release is proportional to the square root of timeThis release profileWas demonstrated particularly beneficial for Demonstrated thatWas released down a concentration gradient Proved effective not only…, but alsoIs governed by, resulting inAs a consequence因此,Polymer disentanglement (解缠) and dissolutionIncreased in numberIn these systemsThe mobility of the drug迁移率Is limitedIs then governed byThe degradation rate of the polymer, porosity increase, and drug diffusionMainly in the surface ofThe possibility to tailor the release kinetics of Can be achieved throughBy changingIn this particular instance例子,Is extremely advantageous becauseOffer the opportunity toCan be tailoredTo some extentBy changingExtensive work on the development of hybrid networks,in which natural polymers are synthetically modified or combined with synthetic polymers,Has been proposed toWith respect to关于、至于In terms ofBiodegradability as well as biocompatibility and cytocompatibilityGenerally, the bigger is the device, the longer the diffusion distances become and the longer the release consequently lastsUtilized in tissue engineeringAdjust surface areaModulate release profilesDeviation from the described release behaviorsFor instanceHydro gels swell or shrink in response to a certain trigger thereby从而modulating the release of encapsulated drugs/proteins Among the various synthetic polymers,Play a prominent role.Investigated the feasibility ofFor this purpose,Were synthesizedFormed byTransected with转染In control culture conditionsBecause they offer several benefits, including…For instance,Are dictated by口述Alters network degradation rates改变Apply to, like those based onWere processable可加工的It was shown that upon subcutaneous injection (rat model) the hydrogels were stable for one month.Was loaded intoUsed as a slow releasing drug reservoir容器Aimed for wound healing purposesWere observedWith no initial burst and a good correlation 关联with in vivo data,, that confirmedA weight gain in hypophysectomized垂体切除术rats equivalent to conventional daily injections of 5 mg pGH for 14 consecutive连续的daysReleased over a 12-day period and similarly to pGH,, showed similar efficacy功效in rats as compared to daily i.v. injectionsProteins are released from this network by Fickian diffusionCan be tailored by tuning调试Showed a good biocompatibility inTheir potential forHas been demonstratedWas introduced by Zhang et al.Consist ofAre able to spontaneously self-assemble（vi）intoThat are needed for the peptide assembly组装are sequestered (分开) fromThe described family of peptidesThe observed slow and controlled release of has been ascribed to diffusion归因于Amphiphilic nature两亲性of the self-assembling polypeptideLeads to interactions with, resulting inShowed degradation mediated (…调制的) release of model proteinsThat potentially can be used to physically encapsulate and release growth factors with zero order release kineticsInclusion complexes包含配合物Have also been investigated for, reversibly crosslinked by可逆地The polymer forming the hydrogel is based onFunctionalized with…功能化The addition of …Be partly broken,Comprising包括、包含Were studied forIs triggered byCapable of degradingThey influence cell behaviorWere developed with the aim toMimic模仿the natural processesInvolved in tissue repairUse PEG as the main building blockIt has been shown to act asIn the presence ofThe benefits of this approachShowed a 50% increase in perfusion to灌注到the feet as compared to untreated mice, indicating thatHas itself a beneficial healing or supportive effect, acting synergistically协同地as a directive 指导性的scaffold and a growth factor delivery vehicleDisplay multiple多重的advantages over With respect toIs available on对…有效In regenerative medicineThe main classes（类别）ofAre therefore因此very suitable fo rAimed forRepresentatives ofAre briefly discussed belowWith respect toLinear poly saccharideComposed ofLinkedIn different sequences序列or blocks块、区位So-calledArrangementAre therefore particularly appealing for吸引力Prolonged延长的Some limitations inTailoring the mechanical properties RemainTo overcomeStudie its potential toInduce angiogenesis血管生成in vivoCross-linkable成型的Affinity-binding密切关系It was shown thatBy partial cross-linking in presence of CaCl2 , as described forCombine the advantageous properties优点of, derived fromOf which the mechanical properties were notably显著地improved byProved effective inIn another study,Were covalently modified withWere lyophilized to formMicro porous scaffolds多微孔的Induce neo vascularization新的It was observed thatWere viable可行的During the studied time frame框架Migrate out of迁移Was effective inWith some degree ofPresents many options for…relevant for有关的Is derivatized with改性Was driven byWas dependent onIt was found thatReleased by diffusion/swellingFig. 3. Analysis of angiogenesis…More recently,Susceptible to敏感的Bifunctional双功能的It was demonstrated that Showed diffusional release扩散Multiple growth factorsMixed at different ratios and subsequently随后,Was favored有利的by reducingReduced rigidity硬度Rapid hydrogel disintegration 崩解、分解Furthermore,Be processed into加工、处理Naturally occurring天然存在Molecular weights up to 107 DaBecause of its biocompatible,Is an extensively studiedFor the development of delivery systems Displays poor差的mechanical propertiesTo be suitable for protein delivery, Introduce functionalities功能、功能团Be correlated有关with the mass erosion With different crosslink densitiesMature boneAdditionally, the co-delivery of an angiogenic molecule (VEGF) in conjunction with协同、连同an osteoinductive molecule (BMP-2) increased the extent of范围formed mineralized tissueWere studied forThe delivery of multiple growth factorsIn both presence or absence of heparin, according toWere conducted by指挥It was found that release followed遵循first order kinetics,, with gelatin slightly increasing the growth factor release rate,The extent of revascularizationWill be affected byGenerally speaking 一般而言Cationic阳离子The polymerIs positively charged at low pH's Make…suitable forWas realized byThe azido叠氮基groups are converted into nitrenes氮烯80% of initially loaded VEGF was retained in the networkReviews onPublished concerning关于their drug/protein delivery aspectsAre naturally occurring发生Been extensively exploited as main component in matrices forCan be detrimental for有害于Diffusion coefficientsWith a variety of各种Leading to slightly different polymer propertiesCan be tailored preciselyAre gradually resorbed (吸收) in vivo by Was later covalently bound toBy enzymatic cleavageReported onAn elegant 讲究的approach on the multimodal 多模式的、多峰的release of With distinct独特的kineticsVia3 mechanisms: entrapment, conjugation 结合through a homobifunctional amine reactive PEG linker, and physical adsorption on the fibrin matrixWas both conjugated共轭、结合through Bound to the matrix via束缚于Was highly correlated toAs compared toTo manipulate操纵、控制drug loading and control release kineticsThe easiest method to modulateRetard drug release延迟Possesses a specific binding domain for Deals only withOne approach to…inIs to covalently linkBi-domainAs compared to fibrin hydrogelsWere reacted withSome challenges still remain such asTo predict the release rate of proteins from Be coupled to连接，组对Was tailored by altering Can vary from noncovalent bonds toHuge challenges still exist withBound to polymer matrices via functional groups like hydroxy, amine, carboxyl groups thatIf not naturally present in the structure of the polymer, have to be introduced by functionalization reactions,However, stability and maintenance维护of biological activity of the protein may represent an issuesusceptible to(对…敏感)Have considerable重要的、值得考虑的potential asIs a common approach to?That facilitated促进In a synergistic协同的mannerStrongly depended onComplex interplay相互作用For independent delivery ofTo achieve a diversity多样性、差异性of releaseProfiles,Dispersed within分散Their synergistic interplayIs nowadays a well-established concept得到确认的Resulted fromOn the other hand,allow to sustain the releaseincluding traditional diffusion/swelling/degradation mediated, However, some challenges still existThis project was financially supported by…Extracted from “The use of injectable sonication-induced silk hydrogel for VEGF 165 and BMP-2 delivery for elevation of the maxillary sinus floor”The use ofSanitation-induced卫生, with a need toAre key regulators of angiogenesis andosteogenesisThe present study aimed at evaluatingAsA vehicle to encapsulate dual factors forFor in vivo studies for each time point (4 and 12 weeks),Bilaterally双边地Four treatment groups: silk gel (group Silk gel), silk gel/VEGF165 (group VEGF), silk gel/BMP-2 (group BMP-2), silk gel/VEGF165/BMP-2 (group V+ B) (n=6 per group).Promoted more tissue infiltration intoWas significantly larger than thoseAs a consequence,Has been a focusWith advantages ofLow inflammatory response because of Suggest its potential use asThe combination of VEGF and BMP-2 offers synergy toward bone regenerationPlay a central roleWith an average weight of 2.5 kgWere obtained fromThe experimental protocol协议was approved by the Animal Care and Experiment Committee of Ninth People’s HospitalIn 0.02 M sodium carbonate aqueous solutionRinsed thoroughly with deionized water After overnight drying,Extracted from “Tunable dual growth factor delivery from polyelectrolyte multilayer films”Tunable dual growth factor deliveryDeliver a combination of certain growth factors to the integration site整合位点A promising strategy to/for…There is a need toTo maximize efficacy效力Are attractive for吸引人的Over a sustained periodEluted from洗脱, as quantified with以…定量relevant in vitro assaysInitiated a doseDependent differentiation cascade级联、串联、小瀑布in while rhVEGF165 upregulated上调HUVEC proliferation, and accelerated closure of a scratch in HUVEC cell cultures in a dose dependent manner剂量依赖性The mineral density of ectopic bone formed de novo by rhBMP-2/rhVEGF165 PEM films Was approximately33% higher than when only rhBMP-2 was introducedIn the risk of osteoporotic骨质疏松性fractureBone formed throughout the scaffoldWhich suggests more complete remodeling? Due to an increased增加的local vascular networkThis study demonstrates a promising approach to doingDelivering precise doses严格的剂量of multiple growth factors forA variety of implant applicationsIs desired渴望的、想得到的Control over控制、支配Approximately 10% of totalWithin 10 yearsAlmost entirely because ofThe failure of exaction苛求In cases of万一It is necessary to address the bone as从事、忙于Integrating整合The implant with the bone tissueHave been shown toBe some of the most potent权势的、有力的…Known amongstCapable of directly inducing…Both ectopic异位的and orthotropic正位的sitesIs an approved被认可的product for use on? More complete bone remodeling再造Over shorter time periodsCritical forIntramembranous膜内的and endochondral软骨内的bone formationIs required forIs a critical component of关键元素、关键部件Is greatly enhanced byThe introduction of rhVEGF has been shown to enhance bone formationIncreased blood flowLocalized局部的introduction of such growth factorsThere is a therapeutic有疗效的advantage to…The delivery of growth factors in vivo presents many complex challengesIn case万一Control over the amount ofAt high temperatureBy exposureTo unfavorable solvents溶剂、解决方法or through the development of a low pH environmentAt a minimal dose levelOver prolonged time periods of several weeksPrior to the introduction of rhBMP-2With a corresponding dose dependent effect on…Method is unique in its ability toPreserve fragile protein activity.Due to the need for sequential and controlled delivery of…Initiate the different cellular cascadeCan yield idealized release behaviorWas obtained fromWere purchased fromDipping solutions containing含有PEA and chondroitin sulfate were prepared at 2 mg/mol in 100 mM sodium acetate bufferRhBMP-2 and rhVEGF165 dipping solutions were 40 mg/ml in 100 mM sodium acetate bufferWere replacedWere replenished重新充满every 24 h by addingWere fabricated on this scaffold withWith the following protocol协议Swapped for交换Concurrently同时地、一致地The final product was stored at4 C until released or implanted.Were released at 37 C into 1mL of 1x PBS in 1.7 ml centrifuge tubesAt a series of predetermined预定的time points,Containing fresh 1ml PBSSamples were analyzed using ELISA development kits according to manufacturer instructions说明书Consecutive连贯的time pointsTo test the efficacy效力ofA number of in vitro tests were performed执行toBMP-2 initiates the differentiation of preosteoblast cell lineEach condition was repeated in triplicate三倍份Supplemented with增补、补充Cells were cultured under different experimental conditionsWas determined on day 5 after…by…Or one freeze-thaw cycleWere transferred to转移Centrifuged at 15,000g for 3 min at 4CThe ALP activity measurements were normalized to标准化total protein determined by BCA assayAfter 14 days of exposure to different formulations of the release medium,Were assayed for calcium deposition using Washed in distilled water 4 times for 5 min eachWere disrupted破坏、分裂by the use a pipette tip吸管端Vortexes for 30 s 旋涡Heated at 85C for 10 minWere read on a 96-well plate with black sides and a clear bottom at 405 nmThe normalized rhVEGF165dose per milligram of scaffold was calculated, Labeled with…for another 2 hThe absorbance was measured at 450 nm with a 595 nm reference wavelengthAll animal work was performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Committee on Animal Care at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.(Corresponding to a 6 mg total scaffold load),动物实验步骤：The right hind limb of each animal was shaved, cleaned with alcohol and povidone iodine solutions, and sterile drapes were placed around the surgical areaPost-operatively,Four rats from each group were sacrificed and the implants retrieved for analysis as described belowExcised切离的samples were immediately placed inSolutions of 70% ethanolPrior to decalcification脱钙in a solution of 15% EDTA and 10% sodium citrate buffer, pH 7.2 at 4C under continuous stirringWere then serially sectioned切开, routinely processed, and embedded in paraffin. Microscope sections (4um) were stained with…Fabricating a dual growth factor releasing layer-by-layer systemHave a molecular weigh t of about 30 kDa and 38.2 kDa respectively.Under conditions of acidic and physiological pH,Are expected to beFor the layer-by-layer film assembly, we used Which has been extensively studied inFor various delivery applicationsUnder neutral to acidic pH conditions ofAre protonated, yielding the positive charge? Necessary forWe anticipated that预料Suitable forWould initiateThe choice of scaffold was governed by the following factors: (i)…Compared with a flat filmThe precise growth factor dose required would depend on the specific orthopedic applicationA dose response behaviorThis system could be tuned for specific applicationswas normalized to标准化We tuned our system to demonstrateA control over total growth factor loading Occurs with a pH shift from…to…Approximately one-third of the rhBMP-2 and two-thirds of the rhVEGF165was released after three daysIt takes a longer time to elute completely fromIs comparable可比较的That is not always readily attained with multilayer formulations剂型Leach out of…into the dipping solution Electrostatic interactions between the growth factor and surrounding polymer chains链Prevent it from diffusing out4.50+-0.14 ng ( R2= 0.93) and 3.72+-0.080 ng (R2= 0.96)Ranged from 250 to 600 ng/mg, as a function of根据number of layersA broad range of protein incorporation in Film would undergo bulk erosionThe dominance优势of surface erosionIs consistent一致的across the different groupsAfter which there is no detectable可检测的releaseIt is interesting to note thatThe amount of rhVEGF165 releasedDrops to 15+_ 1.42%It is likely可能的thatInterdiffusion互扩散occursHave been reported for similar systemsIn vitro rhBMP-2 activity assayRhBMP-2 dose dependent behavior of…Exposed …toIs dose dependent to the amount of rhBMP-2 its visualization形象化and quantification 量化Mature bone phenotype表现型Observed to be rhBMP-2dose dependent (Fig. 3D, E, F) (p < 0.05) at constant dose was more diffuse发散Complimentary to these findings,补充的Substituting for取代…Reaching confluency整合Which was statistically significant(Fig. 4A, B) (p<0.05)Which is consistent with observations elsewhere [50]Was statistically insignificantMigration of迁移confluent monolayer整合的As a function of根据Maturation of ectopic bone Microcomputer tomography (microCT) …time pointsShowed large bone deposits created in response to rhBMP-2 LbL films Progressively逐步地increased in thickness In contrast,Was restricted to the periphery外围、周围of the scaffoldOver the initial 4 week time period,A greater amount of bone was presentDeep within scaffoldInterior…内部的Was found to be3 fold and 4.5 fold greater “…倍大”than the boneThis is important, as it demonstrates that as visualized by通过…看到Is visibleIs progressively replaced withDe novo recapitulation概括concurrent并发的、一致的Aforementioned上述的biological processes Is a potent tool forThe ability to regulateAt distinct明显的stagesbeen well documented记录monogram scale纳克级physiological amounts ofOver different timeframes…using sustained release obtained with hydrolytic degradationCompared to……such that…Flexible灵活的，A wide variety ofStep toward developing…From implant coatings to tissue engineering Conflict of interest: The authors confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication. Acknowledgments: This work was funded by 由…资助。
