许国璋电视英语教学第一册
《第十四课》
（一）课文：
1)课文原文：
A LETTER TO A FRIEND
Beijing
October 21, 1961
Dear Li Ying,
How time flies! This is already my seventh week at college. We are very busy here and life is very interesting. There are so many new things to learn. We have
English lessons every day and I like them very much. We also study Chinese and
World History.
After class we have all kinds of activities. Sometimes we work on the college farm. On Saturday afternoon we usually have our class meeting. Sometimes we
listen to a report. On Saturday evening there is a film or a dance.
Autumn is the best season in Beijing. The days are warm and sunny. We are planning an outing for next Sunday.
How are you? Are you still busy with the harvest? Please write to me soon and tell me about your life as a teacher.
Yours ever,
Wu Ming
2)课文译文：
给朋友的信
北京
1961年10月21日
亲爱的李颖，
时间过得真快！这已经是我上大学的第七周了。我们这里很忙，生活很有趣。有很多新东西要学。我们每天都上英语课，我非常喜欢它们。我们还学习
汉语文学和世界历史。
课后我们有各种各样的活动。有时我们在大学农场工作。星期六下午我们通常开班会。有时我们听报告。星期六晚上有时看电影或跳舞。
秋天是北京最好的季节。天气温暖晴朗。我们计划下星期日郊游。
你好吗？你还在忙着收割吗？请尽快给我写信，告诉我你作为教师的生活。
你的，
吴明
3)课堂笔记：
1.October 21,1961
读：October (the ) twenty-first , nineteen sixty-one
英式写法：21 October, 1961
读：the twenty- first of October, nineteen sixty-one
2.How time flies!（感叹句）
3.There are so many new things to learn.
Learn 与Study的不同，study 有研究的意思，
We also study Chinese and World History.
4.For （约定的时间）
We are planning an outing for next Sunday.
A meeting for Monday
A dance for tomorrow
5.Be busy with （忙于…）
Are you still busy with the harvest?
I’m very busy with my work.
（二）DIALGUE：(对话)
1）原文：
WEATHER
-What’s the weather like in your hometown?
-It’s very nice. It’s usually warm and sunny in spring and autumn.
-Does it often rain there?
-Yes, it does, especially in summer.
-Is it very cold in winter?
-No, it isn’t. it seldom snows there.
2）对话译文：
天气
—你家乡的天气怎么样？
—非常好，在春天和秋天通常都是温暖和阳光明媚的。
—那里经常下雨吗？
—是的，特别是在夏天。
—那里冬天非常冷吗？
—不，不很冷。那里冬天很少下雪
3）课堂笔记：
1.描述天气的一些形容词：
Awful, cool, windy, cloudy, foggy, clear, dry, damp, humid, stormy,
（三）语法：
特殊疑问句
1.疑问代词：Who, whom whose, what, which
疑问副词：when, where, how, why
2.特殊问句例句，注意问的句子那部份：
a)Who knows the way to the airport?（对主语提问）
b)Whom（who）do they work for?(对宾语提问)
c)Whose key is it?(对定语提问)
d)What do you have for breakfast?（对宾语提问）
e)What subjects do you study at school?（对定语提问）
f)What is on tonight?（对主语提问）
g)What makes it so hot today?（对主语提问）
h)What are these?（对表语提问）
i)Which book do you like?（对定语提问）
j)When do you go to work?(对时间状语提问)
k)Where do you live?（对地点状语提问）
l)Where is the bus-stop?（对表语提问）
m)How do you like the film?（对方式状语提问）
n)How many pictures are there on the wall?
o)How often do you write to your family?
p)Why do you do this?（对原因状语提问）
3.特殊问句的三个特点：
a)对主语提问，特殊疑问句采用陈述句形式，不加助动词。
b)对其他成分提问，疑问词后，跟一般问句。
c)疑问词所修饰的名词，形容词，副词，在提问时，要跟着疑问词。
4.对各部份提问：
1）This is Mr. Liu’s pencil.
Whose pencil is this?
2）We have Chinese classes on Thursday morning.
What classes do we have on Thursday morning?
3）She prepares her lessons in the evening.
What does she do in the evening?
4）Wang Qing often goes to see Wu Ling.
Who often goes to see Wu Ling?
5）Wang Qing often goes to see Wu Ling.
Who (whom) does Wang Qing often go to see?
6）There are seven nurseries in that town.
How many nurseries are there in that town?
7）He is in Class Six.
Which class is he in?
5.特殊问句与一般疑问句：
1)When does Wang Qing get up? ( Does Wang Qing get up at six?)
2)Where do they come from?( Do they come from Shanghai?)
3)What do you do after lunch? ( Do you take a short rest after lunch?)
4)How do you like the film? ( Do you like the film?)
5)What language does she study? ( Does she study German?)
6)Which class is he in ?( Does he in Class Five?)
7)How many pictures are there on the wall?( Are there any pictures on the wall?)
8)Whose textbook is this?( is this your textbook?)
9)Who lives in this room?( Li Ying lives in this room.)
10)How many comrades live in this room?( Four comrades live in this room?)
6.对句子各部份的提问：
例一：Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?
1)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?
Who reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?(主语)
2)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?
What does Wang Qing do every evening?(谓语)
3)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?
What does Wang Qing reviews in the reading room every evening?(宾语)
4)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?
What lessons does Wang Qing reviews in the reading room every evening?(定
语)
5)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?(状)
Where does Wang Qing reviews his English every evening?
6)Wang Qing reviews his English lessons in the reading room every evening?（状）
When does Wang Qing reviews his English in the reading room?
例二: The teacher’s room is on the second floor.
1）The teacher’s room is on the second floor.
where is the teacher’s room?(表语)
2）The teacher’s room is on the second floor.
which room is on the second floor?(定语)
7.基数词：
1）基本表示：
2）其他数目：
3）年分读法：
（四）EXERCISES:
1.回答问题：
1）Who is Wu Ming? Where does he study?
He is a student of English, he studies in a college in Beijing.
2）How is his life at college?
It is very interesting.
3）What does he study? Does he have English lessons every day ?Does he like them?
He studies English, Chinese and the history of Chinese Communist Party.
Yes, he does, he likes them very much.
4）What activities do the students have after class?
They have all kinds of activities. Sometimes they work on the college farm.
5）What activities do they have on Saturday evening?
They usually see the film or have a dance.
6）When do they have their League meeting?
On Saturday afternoon.
7）What is the weather like in Beijing in autumn?
Autumn is the best season in Beijing. The days are warm and sunny.
8）What are the students planning to do next Sunday?
They are planning an outing .
(B)
9）What language do you study?
I study English.
10）How many classes do you have in a week? How many of them are English classes?
I have twenty classes in a week, of them twelve are English classes.
11）Do you have English classes every day ?
Yes, we do.
12）What do you do after class?
After class I usually review my lessons and do my homework. Then I read the
newspaper or listen to the English broadcast. After that I go for a walk in the
college garden.
13）What is the weather like these days?
The days are warm and sunny.
2.读出数字和时刻：
1）12，19，20，40，85，103，276，800，2000，3500，50000
Twelve, nineteen, twenty, forty, eighty-five, one hundred and three, two
hundred and seventy- six, eight hundred, two thousand, three thousand five
hundred, fifty thousand,
2）2：30，7：10，11：05，8：15，11：50，12：45，5：35，9：55 half past two, ten past seven, five past eleven, a quarter past eight, ten to twelve,
a quarter to thirteen, five thirty-five, five to ten
3.把下列各句中的斜体部分改为各种人称代词，并作其他必要的变动：
1）jack does his homework in the evening.
I do my home work in the evening.
You do your home work in the evening.
He does his homework in the evening.(she, her)
They do their homework in the evening.(we, our; you ,your)
2）I wash my clothes on Sunday afternoon.
3）Jane often goes for a walk with her friend after supper.
4）I like my new work.
5）My father often writes to me.
6）Her friend often comes to see her.
4.就划线部份提问并回答：
1)This is Comrade Liu’s pencil.
Whose pencil is this?
2)We have Chinese classes on Thursday morning.
What classes do we have on Thursday morning?
When do we have Chinese classes?
3)She prepares her lessons in the evening.
What does she do in the evening?
When does she prepare her lessons ?
4)Wang Qing often goes to see Wu Ling.
Who often goes to see Wu Ling?
Who does Wang Qing often go to see?
5)There are seven nurseries in that commune.
How many are there nurseries in that commune?
6)He is in Class Six.
What Class is he in?
5.分析句子成份：
1）How do you like your life here?
2）Who are planning an outing for this Saturday?
3）When do you usually listen to the English broadcast?
4）How many schools are there in your home town?
5）How often do you write to your parents?
6.中译英：
1.时间过得真快!
How time flies!
2.大学里有很多新的东西要学。
There are many new things to learn at the college.
3.我们有各种各样的活动，生活忙碌而有趣。
We have all kinds of activities, and the life busy and interesting.
4.有时候我们听报告，有时候我们去郊游。
Sometimes we listen to report, sometimes we go for outing.
5.秋天是北京最好的季节，天气温暖充满阳光。
Autumn is the best season in Beijing, the days are warm and sunny.
6.你近来怎么样？
How are you these days?
7.请给我来信，讲讲你对大学生活的打算。
Please write to me, and talk me about your plan for college life.
8.星期六晚上通常有电影或舞会。
There is usually a film or a dance in Saturday evening.
9.杨敏的姐姐在哪里工作？——她在北京一个中学教书。
Where does Yang Min’s elder sister work?
She teaches in a middle school in Beijing.
10.你们什么时候上党史课？——星期三下午。
When do you have Classes in the History of the Chinese Communist Party?
On Wednesday afternoon.
11.你母亲身体好吗？——很好，谢谢你。
How is your mother?
She is fine, thank you.
12.你常给你爸爸写信吗？——常写
Do you often write to your father?
Yes, I do.
13.吴强：
我在工厂已经六个星期了。这里的生活很有意思。我们每次天工作八小时。
工作之后我们有各大种活动。厂里的同志们工作很努力。大家都很忙，也都很愉快。
你好吗？望来信。
张光
11月2日于沈阳
Shang Yan
November 2, Wu Qian:
This is already my sixth week in the factory. Life here is very interesting. We work eight hours a day. After work we have all kinds of activities. All the comrades in the factory work very hard. We are very busy and happy.
How are you? Please write to me.
Yours, Zhang
7.口语练习：
（A）看图说活（先作问答，然后作连贯叙述）
(图片为学生卧室，有床，书桌等)
-This is a picture of a room, isn’t it a nice room?
-What do you see in the room?
-Is there a desk in it ? What is there on the desk?
-Are there any flowers in the room? Where are they?
-Do you see any pictures on the wall?
-Do you see a clock on the desk?
-How do you like the room?
This is my room. There is a bed near the window. The bed is small. There is a desk and a chairs in it. There are some books, a clock, a pen, and some flowers
on the desk. The walls are very white. There are some pictures on the wall.
There is a bookcase near the desk.
（B）就下列题目互相问答，并说一段话：
1.Life at College
My campus life is rich and colorful. I go to attend class every day morning exclude weekend. In class I study and discuss all kinds of
knowledge with my teacher and my classmates.
After class, I often go to play basketball or badminton . in the
evening, I have two hours for study by oneself in scheduled time. Then I go back to my dorm and surf on the internet. My campus life is beautiful and substantial.
2.Our class
This is my classroom, it’s bright and clean. There are two blackboards in our classroom. One is on the front wall. It is for our teacher to write on. The other is at the back . it is for our wall newspaper.
There are forty-two students in our class. We all study hard. Our class is like a big family, we always help each other.
My class is a happy group, which was full of laughter, we all do their best, work together and make progress, create a good atmosphere for learning.
复习提纲：第十四章气相色谱法 色谱法的基本原理 1.色谱法的起源（了解）、基本原理（掌握）、仪器基本框图（掌握）、分类、特点及应用（了解） 2.色谱流出曲线及相关术语：基线：可用于判断仪器稳定性及计算检出限（掌握）峰面积（峰高）：定量基础（掌握） 保留值：定性基础（掌握）；死时间、保留时间、调整保留时间；死体积、保留体积、调整保留体积；相对保留值（选择性因子）等（掌握） 峰宽的各种表示及换算（掌握） 3.色谱基本原理： 热力学（掌握）：分配系数K ，仅与两相和温度有关，温度增加K 减小 分配比k，k 除与两相和温度有关外（温度增加k 减小）还与相比有关（相比的概念）k=t r /t0；k=K/ ；=K2/K 1=k2/k1 分离对热力学的基本要求：两组份的>1 或K 、k 不相等；越大或K 、k 相差越大越容易实现分离 动力学：塔板理论：理论（或有效）塔板数（柱效）及理论（有效板高）的计算公式及有关说明（掌握）；塔板理论的贡献及不足（了解） 速率理论：H=A+B/u+Cu 中H、A、B、C、u的含义（掌握）；减小A 、B、C的手段（掌握）；u 对H 的影响及最佳流速和最低板高的计算公式（掌握）；填充物粒径对板高的影响（掌握） 4.分离度分离度的计算公式；R=1.5 时，完全分离；R=1 时基本分离（掌握） 5.基本色谱分离方程两种表达形式要熟练掌握；改善分离度的手段：增加柱效n（适当增加柱长的前提下减小板高）、增加选择性因子（GC：改变固定相和柱温）和控制适当的容量因子k （GC：改变温度及固定相用量）（掌握） 分离度与柱效、柱长、分析时间（即保留时间）之间的关系（掌握）；柱温对分离度的影响（了解）；相关例题（熟练掌握） 6. 定性分析常规检测器用保留时间（相对保留值也可以）定性，但该法存在的不足要知道，双柱或多柱可提高保留时间定性的可靠性；质谱或红外等检测器有很强的定性能力（了解） 7. 定量分析 相对校正因子和绝对校正因子的概念（掌握）；归一化法各组分含量的计算公式（掌握）；内标法定 量的计算公式（掌握相关作业）归一化法和内标法不受进样量和仪器条件变化的影响，外标法受进样量和仪器条件变化的影响较大 （了解） 气相色谱法 1.气相色谱法流程和适用对象；气固和气液色谱的适用对象（掌握） 2.气相色谱法的仪器： 气路系统：通常采用N2、H2、Ar、He 等惰性气体做载气（高压钢瓶提供），载气纯度、流速的大小及稳定性对色谱柱柱效、仪器灵敏度及整机稳定影响很大，因此载气纯度要高、流速要适当而且稳定。
许国璋电视英语教学第一册 《第二十四课》 （一）课文： 1)课文： INSPECTOR HORNBERG VISITS A SCHOOL The classroom was very quiet. Outside, the leafless trees were white with the first snowfall. But not one pair of eyes stayed from the history books which twenty-five little girls were studying so earnestly. This was the year 1877, and the school was in Warsaw, Poland. A large part of Poland had been conquered by Russia. The Russia Tsar would not allow Polish children to study the history of their own country or even their own language. But here the teacher and her pupils were doing just that, although the Russians had spies everywhere in Warsaw. Among the children was Manya Sklodovska. She was a very bright pupil. She was deep in the book she was reading. Suddenly there came the faint sound of a bell. Manya listened fearfully. Was it the signal? Yes! Two long rings, two short rings. Every head came up. Quick hands grabbed all the Polish history books off the desks, and hid them away. The girls swiftly took sewing materials from their desks. They began to embroider little squares of cloth. The outer door opened. There stood Inspector Hornberg. Hornberg had been put in charge by the Russians of the private schools of Warsaw. He was a heavy man in a tight-fitting yellow and blue uniform. With him was Mademoiselle Sikorska, the head of the school. “ We have tow sewing classes a week, Mr. Inspector.” explained Mademoiselle Tupalska, the teacher “ I read to the children while they work.” “And what have you been reading to your pupils, Mademoiselle?”inspector Hornberg demanded. She held up her book “ Russian fairy tales.” She said. The inspector gave a grunt of approval. “Now,”he said, “I should like to question one of your pupils.” “Manya Sklodovska, please stand up.” The teacher said quietly. Manya rose from her seat without a word, trying not to tremble. “Recite the Lord’s Prayer in Russian.” Inspector Hornberg ordered. Manya recited the prayer in a low voice, careful not to show her feelings. “Now name the members of the Imperial Russian Family.” Manya gave the names. “now tell me.” Hornberg demanded, “ who is our ruler?”
背单词不错的软件和网站14个介绍 我是一名英语培训学校的专职老师，来学校培训的学生中有许多基础比较差、拥有的单词量非常少，直接造成学习英语困难。我教学的一个重要的方面就是提高学习者词汇量，所以在日常的工作中特别关注各种背单词的方法和辅助工具。 这学期我开始了新概念英语的教学，为了采取更好的辅助工具帮助学生记忆单词我对市场中的各种背单词的软件和在线背单词的网站进行了新概念第一册第一单元背诵效果的横向测试，以下是我测试的结果，供各位学习者和老师、家长借鉴。 软件类： ①新东方背单词 《新东方背单词》的特点 就是内容全面权威，囊括中小学、 许国璋、新概念、职称、大学、研 究生、新东方出国考试（GRE、 TOEFL、GMAT、LSAT、雅思）词汇，适合从零起点到高级英语学习人员的全面需要。遵循多种记忆法则：例如词缀、词根记忆法、比较记忆法、单词举例记忆法等。
我组织三名成绩接近的学生进行了新概念第一单元的学习和测验。 一个小时测试结果：总学习：175词，已知：47词，生词：128词 测验结果：记住40词/小时正确率：31% 学生反馈：新东方背单词的例句有些简单，不太具有典型性。比如excuse，的例句是“Excuse me !" 和“Excuse me.What's the time ?两个例句的知识点是相同的。 我的评价：感觉《新东方背单词》对学习英语的方式方法很有心得，它利用不同的学习方式来加强单词的记忆效果，比起其他软件公司开发的单词记忆软件，具有更强的教学性，毕竟是多年积累的教学经验，更易于学习者的学习。而且有几个不错的背单词的游戏，能引起学生的学习兴趣，寓教于乐。 ②轻轻松松背单词 蒲公英也算是背单词软件行 业里的佼佼者了，估计许多学习 英语的人都用过这款《轻轻松松 背单词》。这款软件最大的特点就 是单词和例句的发音是标准的美 音而且是美国专家朗读，。 我组织三名成绩接近的学生进行了新概念第一单元的学习和测验。 一个小时测试结果：总学习：175词，已知：47词，生词：128词 测验结果：记住39词/小时正确率：30% 学生反馈：《轻松背单词》的发音比较好，例句也是标准的发音不是那种电
Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing ?' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
第十四章复习与思考题 一、名词解释 投资函数：反映投资与利率之间的反向变动关系的函数 IS曲线：一条反映利率与收入间相互关系的曲线 商品市场均衡条件：市场上总需求与总产出相等 利率投资弹性：指利率增加1%时投资减少的百分比 流动偏好陷阱：指人们不管有多少货币都愿意持在手中的情况 LM曲线：满足货币市场的均衡条件下收入y与利率r的关系的曲线二、单项选择题 1．IS曲线上的每一点都表示（） A．使总支出等于总收入的收入和利率的组合 B．使总支出等于总收入的均衡的货币量 C．使货币需求等于货币供给的均衡货币量 D．使产品市场和货币市场同时均衡的收入 2．一般来说，位于IS曲线右方的收入和利率的组合，都是（） A．总收入小于总支出的非均衡组合 B．总收入大于总支出的非均衡组合 C．总收入等于总支出的均衡组合 D．货币供给大于货币需求的非均衡 3．政府支出的增加使IS曲线（） A．向右移动B．向左移动 C．保持不变D．斜率增加 4．当利率水平下降时（） A．自发总支出减少，IS曲线向右方移动 B．自发总支出减少，IS曲线向左方移动 C．自发总支出增加，IS曲线向左方移动 D．自发总支出增加，IS曲线向右方移动 5．引起IS曲线向左方移动的原因是（）
A．政府决定修建一条高速公路 B．政府决定降低个人所得税 C．中央银行降低贴现率 D．本国汇率升值 6．除（）以外，下述因素都不可能导致IS曲线右移 A．转移支付与税收同时增加 B．购买支出增加100亿而转移支付减少100亿 C．货币量增加 D．税收增加 7．假定税率为0，边际消费倾向为0.5，则当投资增加100亿时，（） A．收入增加100亿 B．IS曲线左移一个等于200亿的水平距离 C．IS曲线右移一个等于200亿的水平距离 D．IS曲线右移但右移的距离不能确定 8．灵活偏好曲线表明（）。 A．利率越高，债券价值越低，人们预期债券价格越是会下降，因而不愿购买更多债券； B．利率越高，债券价值越低，人们预期债券价格回涨可能性越大，因而越是愿意更多购买债券； C．利率越低，债券价值越高，人们为购买债券时需要的货币就越多； D．利率越低，债券价值越高，人们预期债券可以还要上升，因而希望购买更多债券。 9．某居民预料债券价格将要下跌而把货币保留在手中，这种行为是出于（）A．交易动机B．预防动机C．投机动机D．保值动机 10．LM曲线是收入和利率的各种组合，它的条件是（） A．收入、支出均衡B．储蓄、投资均衡C．货币供给、货币需求均衡 D．总供给、总需求均衡 11．在IS曲线和LM曲线相交时，表示产品市场（）。 A．均衡而货币市场非均衡；B．非均衡而货币市场均衡；
提升英语综合技能水平的学习途径 提要： 英语教学改革，是在过去的二十多年里特别是近几年来人们一直关心和讨论的课题。长期从事英语教学工作的教师和专家学者们一直在不断地寻求一种有效的，符合中国学生学习英语特点的教学方法和教学模式。这种探索和追求受到每一历史阶段盛行的语言学理论的直接或间接的影想。例如：Fries 和Saussure 结构主义教学法和 Chomsky转换生成法教学传入我国后，我国的英语教学主要以语法结构教学为主，许国璋英语，薄冰语法等语言教学书是学习英语必备的书籍。经过一段时间的实践，发现学生英语虽然语法知识清楚，词汇量也不少，但就是不会实际使用，以致于出现TOFEL600多分，GRE2000多分，可就是听不懂也说不出英语的情况。学术界把这种语言能力看成是高分低能现象，即学生只学到抽象的语法知识，脱离了现实社会中相互交际相互影响的实际，这种教学法受到一些语言学家的批评，产生了由Hymes，Widdowson和 Harmer 为代表的语言学家提出的交际教学法，他们认为语言的系统知识和恰当地运用语言知识有着错综复杂的联系。另一方面，自 Corder（1967）和 Selinker（1972）以来的研究者认为：人们无法预测输入如何影响学习者的语言发展，有意识地学到的语言知识不一定会必然地转化为自发的语言运用共识。有些批评者认为以语言形势为纲（focus on forms），不考虑学习者的需要以其孤立地学习各种语言形式的教学，容易使学习者产生厌倦情绪，造成学习效果不佳，因为这种教学通常是在不考虑学习者心理语言准备是否充分的基础上进行的。随着我国政治经济形势的飞速发展，对外交往的机会越来越多，英语作为国际通用的语言工具越来越受到人们的重视。因此，培养高素质的英语人才以满足我国社会经济和科技文化的发展需要，是当前广大英语教学工作者和专家学者们面临的共同问题。 ?研究背景 我校研究生入学时的英语水平差别较大，有的学生入学前已经通过大学英语四、六级测试；有的只通过四级，没有考过六级；研究生中外地生源较多；边远地区的学生语言基本功较差，学英语主要靠自学；有的学生喜理，不喜文，对英语不感兴趣；有的认为毕业后搞工程，用不上英语；也有的学生虽然认为英语很重要，每天花去大量时间读英语，可在学位课程测试时，成绩不甚理想。这种情况给任课教师带来很大压力，研究生英语到底该如何教？教什么？怎样教？带着这些问题，我们对我院02—03级研究生进行了研究生英语教学改革研究，初步取得预期的效果。 ?问卷结果 带着以上提出的问题，我们对2002-2003级研究生做了问卷调查，调查结果如下： 发现58.7%的学生对英语学习比较感兴趣,有30.4% 的学生兴趣一般，没有学生对英语学习不感兴趣。
版word册课文2新概念英语第 新概念英语第二册 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking
loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 2 新概念英语第二册 'What are you doing ?' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
许国璋英语第三册试卷（A）
PART I Phrase Translation(10%) 1)be proud of （.为..感到骄傲） 2)live on（以..为生）3)in favour of （赞成） 4)instead of（代替） 5)by accident（意外地） 6)take hold of（抓住） 7)come into being（产生） 8) to give rise to（引起）9)be keen on（爱好） 10)get in touch with（与..保持联系） PART II Vocabulary and Structure There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part, for each sentence there are 4 choices marked a), b), c), d), choose one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 1)The teacher gave orders that the test before 5:00. (a) a)be finished b)would be finished c)would have been finished d)was finished 2)I went to see William, that he had left two days before. (a) a)only to learn b)learning c)to learn d)learned 3)I realised we should do something to avoid to death. (d) a)freezing b)to freeze c)to be frozen d)being frozen 4)She moved towards the window and hid in the shadow of the window. (b) a)so quietly as she could b)as quietly as she could c)with such quietness as she could d)with the same quietness as she could 5) , I would tell her everything. (a) a)If she should come tomorrow b)If she would come tomorrow c)If she will come tomorrow d)If she has come tomorrow 6)He that he didn’t want to have anything to do with the matter. (c) a)made clear b)made it being clear c)made it clear d)made it to be clear 7) when a game of football? (b) a)had you last b)did you last have c)last had you d)did you have last 8) The young couple their friends about their plan of marriage until the wedding day. (a)
1、电子束入射固体样品表面会激发哪些信号？它们有哪些特点和用途？ 答：具有高能量的入射电子束与固体样品表面的原子核以及核外电子发生作用，产生下图所示的物理信号： ①背散射电子 背散射电子是指被固体样品中的原子核反弹回来的一部分入射电子，其中包括弹性背散射电子和非弹性背散射电子。弹性背散射电子是指被样品中原子核反弹回来的散射角大于90°的那些入射电子，其能量基本上没有变化。非弹性背散射电子是入射电子和核外电子撞击后产生非弹性散射而造成的，不仅能量变化，方向也发生变化。背散射电子来自样品表层几百纳米的深度范围。由于背散射电子的产额随原子序数的增加而增加，所以，利用背散射电子作为成像信号不仅能分析形貌特征，也可用来显示原子序数衬度，定性地进行成分分析。②二次电子 二次电子是指被入射电子轰击出来的核外电子。二次电子来自表面50-500 ?的区域，能量为0-50 eV。它对试样表面状态非常敏感，能有效地显示试样表面的微观形貌。由于它发自试样表面层，入射电子还没有较多次散射，因此产生二次电子的面积与入射电子的照射面积没多大区别。所以二次电子的分辨率较高，一般可达到50-100 ?。扫描电子显微镜的分辨率通常就是二次电子分辨率。二次电子产额随原子序数的变化不明显，它主要决定于表面形貌。 ③吸收电子 入射电子进入样品后，经多次非弹性散射，能量损失殆尽（假定样品有足够厚度，没有透射电子产生），最后被样品吸收，此即为吸收电子。入射电子束射入一含有多元素的样品时，由于二次电子产额不受原子序数影响，则产生背散射电子较多的部位其吸收电子的数量就较少。因此，吸收电流像可以反映原子序数衬度，同样也可以用来进行定性的微区成分分析。 ④透射电子 如果样品厚度小于入射电子的有效穿透深度，那么就会有相当数量的入射电子能够穿过薄样品而成为透射电子。一般用它对薄样品进行成像和衍射分析。样品下方检测到的透射电子信号中，除了有能量与入射电子相当的弹性散射电子外，还有各种不同能量损失的非弹性散射电子。其中有些待征能量损失ΔE的非弹性散射电子和分析区域的成分有关，因此，可以用特征能量损失电子配合电子能量分析器来进行微区成分分析。 ⑤特性X射线 特征X射线是原子的内层电子受到激发以后，在能级跃迁过程中直接释放的具有特征能量和波长的一种电磁波辐射。发射的X射线波长具有特征值，波长和原子序数之间服从莫塞莱定律。因此，原子序数和特征能量之间是有对应关系的，利用这一对应关系可以进行成分分析。如果用X射线探测器测到了样品微区中存在某一特征波长，就可以判定该微区中存在的相应元素。 ⑥俄歇电子
1、在夫琅和费单缝衍射实验中，波长为的单色光垂直入射在宽度为4的单缝上， 对应的衍射角为30°，则单缝处的波阵面可以划分成多少个半波带 【答案：4】 详解：依题意，在衍射角为30°的方向上的最大光程差为 λλθ230sin 4sin ==οa 因此单缝处的波阵面可划分的半波带数目为 42 /sin =λθ a 2、一束波长为的平行单色光垂直入射在单缝AB 上，装置如图14-11所示。在屏幕E 上形成衍射图样，如果P 是中央亮纹一侧第一条暗纹的位置，则BC 的长度是波长的多少倍 【答案：1】 详解：由于P 是中央亮纹一侧第一条暗纹的位置，因此 λθ==sin a BC 即BC 的长度是波长的1倍。 3、在如图14-12所示的夫琅和费单缝衍射实验中，如果将单缝沿透镜光轴方向向透镜平移，则屏幕上的衍射条纹间距如何变化 明暗条纹的位置是否发生变化 【答案：屏幕上的衍射条纹间距和明暗条纹的位置都不变】 详解：由于屏幕上的衍射条纹间距和明暗条纹的位置与单缝和透镜之间的距离无关，因此当单缝沿透镜光轴方向向透镜平移时，屏幕上的衍射条纹间距和明暗条纹的位置都不改变。 4、在夫琅和费单缝衍射实验中，波长为的单色光垂直入射到单缝上。在衍射角等于30°的方向上，单缝处的波面可以划分成4个半波带，则狭缝宽度a 等于的多少倍 【答案：4】 详解：依题意有 E 图14-11 P A B L f C E 图14-12 L f （移动方向）
42 /30sin =λο a 解之得 λ4=a 即此时狭缝宽度a 等于的4倍。 5、波长为500nm 的单色光垂直照射到宽度为0.25mm 的单缝上，单缝后面放置一块凸透镜，在凸透镜的焦平面上放置一个用来观测衍射条纹的屏幕。测得屏幕上中央明条纹两侧的第三条暗条纹之间的距离为12mm ，则凸透镜的焦距f 等于多少 【答案：1m 】 详解：中央明条纹两侧的第k 条暗条纹之间的距离为 λa f k x 2=? 由此解得凸透镜的焦距为 λ k x a f 2?=9 3 3105003210121025.0---??????= m)(1= 6、在如图14-13所示的夫琅和费单缝衍射实验中，中央明纹的衍射角范围很小。如果使单缝宽度a 变为原来的倍，同时使入射单色光的波长变为原来的倍，则屏幕E 上单缝衍射条纹中央明纹的宽度x 将变为原来的多少倍 【答案：】 详解：原来中央明条纹的宽度为 λa f x =? 单缝宽度、入射光波长改变之后中央明条纹的宽度为 λ75.05.1?= '?a f x λa f 5.0=x ?=5.0 即屏幕E 上单缝衍射条纹中央明纹的宽度将变为原来的倍。 7、在夫琅和费单缝衍射实验中，屏上第三级暗条纹对应的单缝处波面可划分为多少个半波带如果将缝宽缩小一半，原来的第三级暗纹处将是什么条纹 【答案：6；第一级明条纹】 详解：第三级暗条纹对应的最大光程差为 λθ3sin =a 因此单缝处的波阵面可划分的半波带数目为 E 图14-13 L f a
许式英语复习二 一．词类 （一）名词（noun—n.）(内容在“许式英语复习一”里) （二）动词(verb—v.) （同上） （三）代词(pronoun—pron.)：可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词九类。 1．指示代词this, that, these, those在句中可用作： 1）主语 This is Jane. That is Bob. This is a telephone. That is a TV set. This /That is not / isn‘t a computer. ―Is this a telephone?‖ ―Yes, it is.‖ ―Is that a computer?‖ ―No, it is not / isn‘t. It is a TV set.‖ These are cars. Those are buses. They are not / aren‘t jeeps. ―Are these buses?‖ ―No, they are not. They are cars.‖ Those are newspapers. They are not / aren‘t magazines. ―What are those?‖ ―They are newspapers.‖ 2) 宾语 You should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。 Better take that with you. 最好把那个带着。 3) 表语 My idea is this. 我的意见是这样。 4) 定语 For these reasons we have to cancel the trip. 由于这些原因，我们只好取消这次旅行。 2． 1)作主语要用主格。（注意动词be 要随不同的人称和数而变化，即: I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are , they are.。）例如： I am / am not a teacher. You are /are not an engineer. He is /is not a CEO. She is/ isn‘t a doctor. We are students. You are civil servants（公务员）. They are players（运动员）. They are not /aren‘t actors（演员）. ―Are you a teacher?‖ ―Yes, I am.‖ ―No, I am not.‖ ―Is he a model worker(模范工人)?‖ ―Yes, he is. ‖ ―No, he is not /isn‘t.‖
许国璋电视英语教学第一册 《第二十三课》 （一）课文： 1)课文： TOW FRIENDS AND THE BEAR Two friends were travelling together through a forest. One of them said. “ If we meet any wild beasts. I’ll help you and you’ll help me”“ That’s fine.” Said his friend, and they walked on. Suddenly a big bear ran out from behind a tree. The man who said he would help his friend at once got up a tree and hid himself among the leaves. The other man could not climb trees. So he threw himself on the ground, closed his eyes and pretended to be dead. The bear came up and sniffed at the man’s head. It put its nose close to his mouth and ears. The man held his breath. The bear thought he was dead and walked away, for bears never touch dead men. When the bear was gone, and all was safe, the man in the tree came down. With a smile, he asked his friend, “ What did the bear tell you when he put his nose so close to your ears?” “Well,” said his friend, “ the bear said,’Don’t trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty!” 2)译文： 两个朋友和熊 两个朋友在一道旅行，穿过一座森林。其中一人说:“要是碰到野兽，我就帮助你，你也要帮助我。”“好的，”他的朋友说。接着，他们继续往前走。 突然，一只大熊从一棵树后面跑出来。那个说要帮助他朋友的人马上爬到树上，把自己藏在树叶丛里。另外一人不会爬树，于是便倒在地上，闭住 眼睛装死。 熊走过来，闻闻这个人的头，又把鼻子凑近他的嘴和耳朵。这人屏住呼吸。熊以为他已经死去，便走开了，因为熊从来不碰死人。 熊走了，一切都平安无事了。树上的人爬了下来，他笑嘻嘻地问他朋友:“熊把鼻子凑到你耳朵旁，跟你说了些什么?” “噢”，他的朋友答道:“熊说，不要信任那些一遇困难就背弃朋友的人。”
审计学思考题 第一章思考题 1.怎样理解审计定义与本质特征？ 2.审计产生的基本动因是什么？ 3.如何理解审计目标？总体审计目标与具体审计目标间有何关系？ 4.具体审计目标与管理当局认定的关系如何? 5.如何理解审计对象？ 6.何谓审计职能？不同审计职能间有何关系？不同审计主体审计职能作用程度有 何不同？ 7.你对审计需求理论的认识和理解如何？ 第二章思考题 1.审计按主体分类的意义及各类审计特征。 2.审计按内容目的分类的意义及各类审计特征。 3.审查书面资料方法的构成及应用要点。 4.审计盘存方法的构成及应用要点。 5.简述函证的实施与评价方法。 6.调节法的选择及应用要点。 7.理解和掌握几个概念 审计抽样.统计抽样.非统计抽样.属性抽样.变量抽样.抽样风险.信赖过度风险.误受风险.非抽样风险.可信赖程度.精确限度.随机抽样.系统抽样.审计程序.审计业务约定书。 8.简述审计抽样的程序。 9.简述审计抽样的种类及特点。 10.样本设计应考虑的因素及各因素对样本量的影响? 11.简述随机样本选取的方法及应用要点。 12.属性抽样的应用。 13.抽样风险与非抽样风险的形成与控制。 14.审计程序的构成及不同审计阶段的工作内容。 15.不同审计主体审计程序的特点及区别。 第三章思考题 1.我国审计组织体系的构成及特征？
2.政府审计.内部审计设置模式及选择。 3.说明政府审计.民间审计组织的职责权限.业务范围？ 4.简述注册会计师职业道德基本要求的内容？ 5.说明注册会计师法律责任的成因与界定？ 6.说明注册会计师法律责任的规避策略。 第四章思考题 1.说明注册会计师执业规范体系的构成及相互关系。 2.简述注册会计师审计准则的内涵与作用。 3.说明注册会计师审计准则体系构成及层次特点。 4.我国注册会计师鉴证业务基本准则的内容有哪些？ 5.说明会计师事务所质量控制准则的内容与作用。 6.审计依据的特点及与审计准则的关系？ 第五章思考题 1.审计证据的内涵及其与审计依据.审计准则的关系？ 2.如何理解审计证据的特征？ 3.审计证据的种类包括哪些？ 4.各类审计证据的取得方法及证明力的鉴别？ 5.审计工作底稿的内涵及作用？ 6.审计工作底稿的内容与要素？ 7.审计工作底稿编制及复核方法？ 8.对审计工作底稿的保管和利用有何要求？ 第六章思考题 1.概念 总体审计策略.具体审计计划.审计重要性.审计风险.检查风险.重大错报风险.固有风险.控制风险.风险评估程序。 2.审计计划的含义.作用及编制程序。 3.审计风险的构成及评估方法。 4.审计重要性运用的意义及方法。 5.报表层次审计重要性的评估方法。 6.评价审计结果时审计重要性的运用。 7.审计重要性与审计风险.审计证据之间的关系。
许国璋电视英语教学第一册 《第十五课》 （一）课文： 1)课文原文： A SERVICE CENTER Look at this service center. How busy everybody is! The man in the middle is mending shoes. At a counter on the right, a woman is showing an old man a towel and some soap. We see a girl at the door. She is going to housework for the families in neighborhood. Two women are sewing by the window. One of them is making a shirt and the other is making a pair of trousers. The workers at the service center help their neighbor in many ways. They play an important part in people’s life. （二）DIALGUE：(对话) 1）原文： IN THE COMPUTER ROOM -Is this your school computer room? Who are these people? -They are students of the Russian department. -What are they doing? -They are learning to use computers. -Do you often work her? -Yes ,we work here once a week. We are all keen to learn modem techniques. （三）新单词:
一、词汇 catch v. 抓到 fisherman n. 钓鱼人，渔民 boot n. 靴子 waste n. 浪费 realize v. 意识到 ★catch v. 抓到 ①vt. 捉住，逮住，捕获 The police have caught the thief. ②vt. 抓住，握住 Can you catch the ball? ③vt. 及时赶到，赶上 catch up with 赶上，跟上 Go ahead please.I’ll soon catch up with you. ★boot n. 靴子 a pair of boots 一双靴子 ★waste n. 浪费 ①n. 浪费 a waste of… 浪费…… It is a waste of time/money/food/water. ②vt. 浪费 You are wasting time. ★realize v. 意识到 ①v. 认识，知道，明白，意识到 I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我无意中走错了房间。 I realized that I was wrong. ②v. 实现（希望、目标、愿望等） realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 She has realized her hope to be an actress. ③使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态） This plan can never be realized. 二、课文讲解 1、Fishing is my favourite sport. fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等 ★fish ①n. 鱼（不可数名词），鱼的种类（可数）
新概念英语第2册课文 译文
1.私人谈话 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好。发挥是很有趣的。我不喜欢它。一青年男子与一年轻女子坐在我的身后。他们在大声地说话。我很生气。我听不见演员。我转过身。我看着那个男人和女人生气。他们没有注意。最后，我忍不住了。我又一次转过身去。”我不能听到一个字！”我愤怒地说。”这不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说。”这是私人间的谈话！” 2.早餐还是午餐？ 它是星期日。在星期天我是从来不早起。有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上周日我起床很晚。我看着窗外。它是黑暗的外面。”多好的一天！”我的思想。”又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。”我刚下火车，”她说。”我来看你。”“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。”你干什么呢。她问。”我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。”我亲爱的，”她说。”你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经一点了！” 3.请给我寄一张明信片 明信片总是破坏我的假期。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，然后坐在公园里。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语。然后他借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友寄卡片。在最后一天我做了一个重大的决定。我起得很早，买了三十七张明信片。我花了一整天在我的房间，但我没有写一张卡片！ 4.激动人心的旅行 我刚刚收到弟弟的来信，提姆。他在澳大利亚。他有六个月了。提姆是一个工程师。他是一家大公司工作，他已经访问了许多不同的地方在澳大利亚。他刚买了一辆汽车和澳大利亚已经向爱丽丝斯普林斯，一个小镇的中心，澳大利亚。他将很快访问达尔文。从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我兄弟从来没有出过国，因此他觉得这次旅行非常激动。