III. Reading Comprehension Section B ( 22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (C) Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science—because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers—most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects –but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual information called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to ‘shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve’. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the
状元考前提醒 拿到试卷：熟悉试卷 刚拿到试卷一般心情比较紧张，建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页， 有多少道题，了解试卷结构，通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出，后面易 题没时间做”的有效措施，也从根本上防止了“漏做题”。 答题策略 答题策略一共有三点： 1. 先易后难、先熟后生。先做简单的、熟悉的题，再做综合题、难题。 2. 先小后大。先做容易拿分的小题，再做耗时又 复杂的大题。3. 先局部后整体。把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤，一步一 步的解决，每解决一步就能得到一步的分数。 立足中下题目，力争高水平 考试时，因为时间和个别题目的难度，多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目，所以在答卷中要立足中下题目。中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上，是试题的主要构成，学生能拿下这些题目，实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理，对攻克高档题会更放得开。 确保运算正确，立足一次性成功 在答卷时，要在以快为上的前提下，稳扎稳打，步步准确，尽量一次 性成功。不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度，甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤。试题 做完后要认真做好解后检查，看是否有空题，答卷是否准确，格式是否规 范。 要学会“挤”分 考试试题大多分步给分，所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置，文科尽量把要点写清晰，作文尤其要注意开头和结尾。考试时，每一道题都认真思考，能做几步就做几步，对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分，这是考试中最好的策略。 检查后的涂改方式要讲究 发现错误后要划掉重新写，忌原地用涂黑的方式改，这会使阅卷老师看不清。如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写，要先写出正确的，再划去错误的。有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了，写新题解的时间又不够，本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了。考试期间遇到这些事，莫慌乱！
2010上海高考语文作文范文 【篇一：2010上海高考作文分析】 根据以下材料，选取一个角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的 文章（不要写成诗歌）。丹麦人去钓鱼会随身带一把尺子，钓到鱼，常常用尺子量一量，将不够尺寸的小鱼放回河里。他们说：“让小鱼 长大不更好吗？”两千多年前，我国孟子曾说过“数罟不入洿池，鱼 鳖不可胜食也。”意思是，不要用细密的渔网在池塘里捕捞小鱼，这 样才会有更多的鱼。实际上，其中的道理也贯穿在我们现实生活中 的许多方面。 立意分析 今年高考作文题材料范围很大，审题的角度也很多。 考生可以从眼前和长远的角度考虑，针对那种目光短浅，缺少长远 考虑，只顾自己不顾别人甚至后代的现象来写；可以从生态平衡角 度考虑，人和自然要和谐共处、实行可持续发展来写，可联系到渤 海湾休渔季、科学捕捞等事件来发挥；也可以从做事心态角度考虑，写学会等待、不要浮躁、要有更宽广的胸襟，才能获取更大的发展 空间来写；还可以从时间的角度去考虑，事物的发展总有一个过程，小鱼变成大鱼也需要一个过程，现在很多人往往违背规律，揠苗助长。 同时，这道题也考验学生的辩证思维，即“取”和“舍”的关系，若要 得到更多的机会，就不要太计较眼前的小利等等；也可以从其他角 度来写，比如万事都要有个“度”，也就是做事不能过度等等。 看得远，才能收获更多 丹麦人去钓鱼常会随身带一把尺子，将钓到的鱼量一量，然后将不 够尺寸的小鱼放回河里。这样一个看似微不足道的小细节背后却蕴 含着丹麦人的智慧，他们明白若是将河中的鱼无论大小全都捕回家，
那么河流将会变成一滩死水;相反地，若让小鱼在水中慢慢长大，那么河流将永远繁衍生息，充满活力。 其实，这种有远见的智慧在两千多年前就已诞生。孟子曰：“数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也。”这句话用捕鱼的道理生动形象地提醒了人们：只有有远见的人，才能收获更多;贪图眼前利益，只会得不偿失。生活中总是会有人汲汲于眼前的名利，以至于“捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜”而懊悔不已;而真正成功的人往往在别人鼠目寸光之时就看到了远方美景，然后向前迈进。比尔盖茨就是这类人中的典范。 想当年，比尔盖茨毅然决然地选择辍学，放弃了无数人梦寐以求的哈佛深造机会独自出来创业之时，遭到了许多人的质疑和不解，但这并没有动摇他，因为他比别人看得更远，他看到了正在崛起的硅谷;看到了一个正朝人类迈进的信息时代;看到了微软立足于世界的可能，于是他坚定地一步跨进了时代革新的洪流。仅这一步，让他成为了行业中的翘楚，然而眼前的利益并没有蒙蔽他眺望的双眼，他深知风险和机遇并存的道理，因此他用一句“微软离破产永远只有十八个月!”时时警醒着微软上上下下的员工不要懈怠。比尔的远见让微软十多年来得以立于不败之地，也让同行们对这位智者充满敬意。 看得远的人，往往有比别人更好的心态，这使他们在急于事功之人的面前显得更加从容淡定。而这两种人的对比在股票市场中显得尤为鲜明。股神巴菲特曾经说过一句话：“在贪婪时恐惧，在恐惧时贪婪。”这便是他成为股神的秘密，同时也告诉我们炒股其实炒的是一种心态。从众者所能赚到的永远只是蝇头小利，因为在股市中能收获更多是那拥有远见的小部分。 无论是丹麦人，还是孟子都用他们钓鱼的智慧在启示着我们：抬起头，把眼光放得更远一些，不要以眼前的得失为生活价值的标准，放生那些在你“渔网”中的“小鱼”，只有这样，来年在你的生命池塘里，你才能收获更多生龙活虎的“大鱼”!
第一学期期末考试 高三英语试卷 （满分：150分考试时间：120分钟） 第Ⅰ卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In the classroom. D. In a department store. 2. A. Its price. B. Its location.
C. Its comfort. D. Its facilities. 3. A. He is just a passer-by like the woman. B. He is unwilling to tell the woman anything. C. He doesn’t know where the closest bookstore is. D. He can’t understand the woman’s question thoroughly. 4. A. He would rather have American food. B. He has always liked American food. C. He is accustomed to eating American food. D. He ate American food more in the past. 5. A. Five minutes. B. Fifty minutes. C. Forty-five minutes. D. Fifteen minutes. 6. A. The man has left a good impression on her family.
【2018宝山区—一模】 IV. Summary Writing Secure payment without leaving a trace Computer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties. The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account. “Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well,” Andy Rupp says. “This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.” Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second. ①when customers use payment systems, most of them don’t realize the fact that by doing so, they risk( take the risk of ) losing privacy. ②Researchers have now developed a secure system called BBA+, which works anonymously and avoids misuses as well. ③moreover ( apart from / besides the security of privacy), it also proves to be efficient for daily use.(47 words) 【2018—崇明区一模】 IV. Summary Writing From Burn Survivor to Global Inspiration Last October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself. Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong. Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator（现场解说员）announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination. Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of
2019.12.12【一模汇编】2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译 1、2019黄浦一模 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 答案： 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2、2019普陀一模 72. 晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。(or) 73. 事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。(It) 74. 乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。(create) 75. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事, 很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。( when) 答案： 72. Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 74. Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much because they are busy creating new memories. 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. （, and）There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks.
2014年上海高考作文分析 【篇一：2014上海高考语文作文分析及范文】 2014上海高考语文作文思路及范文 【作文题目】 根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。你可以选择穿越沙漠的道路和方式，所以你是 自由的；你必须穿越这片沙漠，所以你又是不自由的。 【题目评价】 2014上海高考作文题秉承上海高考“海派”气质，一直延续材料作文 的形式，材料短小，有限制，有空间，灵活、开放。题目与前年“心 灵的微光”、去年的“重要的、不重要的”一致，都注重对学生结合关 键词语与材料整体发挥辩证思维进行审题立意的能力考查，以及对 当下生活的关注。 这个题目总体比较容易，和平时模拟考中的很多文题都很相近，让 学生有话可说，有素材可用，然而想要写出新意却不算简单。 【审题分析】 从审题角度来看，我们首先要求从整体上把握材料，然后再抓关键词。这个材料的整体意思是说我们可以有选择穿过沙漠道路的自由，但是没有不穿过的自由，所以这里的自由与不自由是在选择道路的 情况下出现的，自由与不自由是附属于这个选择的。通读材料不难 提取出关键词“自由”，材料也很容易想到“自由”和“不自由”的关系。“沙漠”又非常容易联想到困难、挫折、人生必须经历的各种无奈与 不快等等。总体来看考生比较容易在看到题目的最开始便想到一些 可以选择的材料。 另一个关键词是“选择”，矛盾在于“选择”和“不能选择”。我们可以 做出很多选择，例如人生该如何度过；但是我们又不能选择生老病死。 综合两组关键词来看，“自由”在于自己能否作出“选择”。 类似的很多话题在孩子们平时的练习中有较多的涉及。只是，“自由”这个关键词比较容易让人联想到哲学和政治，擅长这一学科或对此 感兴趣的学生比较容易写出深刻性。 【写作内容】 从写作内容分析，这个材料依然要求学生由内而外的思考。学生考 察这个材料的思路应该是从自身角度出发，体会这样的感受，然后
11选10专题 上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语期末（一模）试题 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. including B. impressions C. standing D. restored E. missing F. fun G. comfort H. associated I. inspired J. marked K. contact Ancient Civilizations Had Game Nights Too! Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their (31) _______ in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by (32) ________ a board game for entertainment. Though the game board was (33) ________, the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover the dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are (34) _______ with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like (35) ________, which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect it may have been (36) ________ by the oldest-known board game —the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess. The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site believe the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owner’s high social and economic (37) ________. They indicated an individual’s intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.
2014静安区高三语文一模作文 【篇一：2016上海各区高三语文一模作文立意解析】 2016各区一模作文立意解析 长宁区 根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。有人说：“痛苦是财富，这话是扯淡；痛苦就是 痛苦，对痛苦的思考才是财富。” ①正视痛苦，思考出路 如材料所述，痛苦就是痛苦，当我们经历痛苦时，最明智的做法是 思考痛苦产生的原因，思考降低痛苦的方法，这样便能从痛苦中收 获一笔宝贵的财富。 ②体验痛苦，收获财富 事实也不尽如材料所言，痛苦本身也可以是财富，它是一种真真切 切的体验，代表着仍然鲜活的、拒绝麻木的心灵。文明的历史就是 一部痛苦的历史。 ③规避痛苦，乐享人生 乐而不淫，哀而不伤，学习规避痛苦，或者不沉湎在痛苦之中，是 一种值得提倡的健康积极的生活态度。 ④直面痛苦，承担人生 生活中的痛苦往往是不可规避的，因为它们是伴随责任而来的，这 就要求我们在最开始就能预见痛苦，并且敢于直面它，承担起生活 的分量。 普陀区 根据以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。有人说坚持做同一件事，坚持10年就能够成功，坚持20年就能够创造出奇迹。而事实上，绝大部分人同一件事情做 了一辈子，依旧平凡无奇。 ①做好规划，审慎坚持 坚持了多年却没有成功，可能是一开始坚持的方向就有了问题，或 者是没有一定的物质基础，所谓“无物以相之，亦不能至也”，也有 可能是坚持的方式有问题，因为坚持并非是简单的重复，而是要有 变化、有创新。所以在坚持之前应该做好规划，解决掉一些问题： 坚持什么，凭借什么坚持，怎么坚持。 ②谋事在人，成事在天
2020 年上海高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译 2020 宝山一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 无论时走路、骑车还是开车，遵守交通规则都很重要。（follow） 73. 只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网，才能使其更好地造福人类。（Only） 74. 鼓励你，给你建议，并提出有建设性的问题的人被称作人生教练或导师。（helpful） 75. 生命充满了挑战，但是只要你有学习新事物的意愿，就能得到克服障碍的正确态度。（willingness） 72. Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it ' s important to follow the rules of the road. 73. Only by developing, using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind. 74. A person who encourage you, give you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor. 75. Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles. 2020 崇明一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 出于好奇，杰克向村民们打听了这座城堡的历史。（curiosity） 73. 我们最好分析一下公司最近几年发展减缓的原因。（analyze） 74. 人人都该意识到，减少人类活动对环境的负面影响是很有必要的。（it） 75. 我决心已定，无论你怎么劝我，我也不会同意放弃这个通过夜以继日的努力工作才获得的机会。（however） 72. Out of curiosity, Jack asked the villagers about the history of the castle. 73. We ' d better analyze（the reasons） why our company ' s development hians r eslcoewnet d down years. We' d better analyze the reasons for the slow-down of our company ' s development these years. 74. Everyone should realize that it 'qsu ite necessary to reduce the negative effect that human activity has on
2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语试卷 （满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12 考生注意： 1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。 2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在 答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe. 2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. 3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. An hour and a quarter. D. An hour and a half. 4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm. C. The woman will take the next train. D. The woman has to wait for the train. 5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking. C. She is always very frank. D. She often talks loudly. 6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift. C. She wants to forget her birthday. D. She doesn’t w ant to grow old. 7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening. B.The film is not worth seeing at all. C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman. D.The man is very tired from his work. 8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Hot weather helps people lose weight. D. Light was stronger this morning.
2021 一模真题汇编 上海 (高三·英语) 1
一、2020-2021 学年高三英语一模卷汇编 4. 阅读A篇 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. One【宝山】 (A) “Runners, to your mark, Get set…” Bang! And I was off, along with a bunch of other teenage cross-country runners from high schools across the county. The day was like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running durin g practices. It took runners along an area of land that included open fields, hills and even winding dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the cou rse with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot―more than normal that my parents were there to cheer me on. With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with the pack of other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust. The first part of our course followed the outside edge of a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent. But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking, “Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!” I was in agony, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once in among the trees. I slowed way down. I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace. 56.What is special to the author about the race? A. The weather condition was good for runners. B. He was familiar with the home course.