CHAPTER 15. PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS
1. The absence of a determiner before plural countable nouns
The absence of a determiner before plural countable nouns generally has the same significance as the presence of a or an before singular countable nouns.
a. Making a general statement
When used in general statements, plural countable nouns are usually not preceded by determiners. The plural countable nouns in the following general statements are underlined.
e.g. Musicians must practise a great deal.
Newspapers can contain valuable information.
Larches are conifers.
A general idea can often be expressed either by means of a singular countable noun preceded by a or an, or by means of a plural countable noun not preceded by a determiner. For instance, in each of the following pairs of sentences, both sentences in the pair have the same meaning.
Musicians must practise a great deal.
A musician must practise a great deal.
Newspapers can contain valuable information.
A newspaper can contain valuable information.
Larches are conifers.
A larch is a conifer.
See Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4.
b. Referring to something not mentioned before
Plural countable nouns are generally not preceded by a determiner when referring to something not mentioned before.
e.g. Branches blocked our path.
Clouds were gathering overhead.
Suddenly we saw buildings in front of us.
In these examples, the plural nouns branches, clouds and buildings are not preceded by determiners. It is assumed that the branches, clouds and buildings have not been referred to previously.
c. Naming a profession
When a sentence such as the following is used to name a profession practised by two or more people, the name of the profession is in the plural and is not preceded by a determiner.
e.g. They are doctors.
My friends are electricians.
We were chefs.
2. The use of The before plural countable nouns
a. Referring to something mentioned before
In general, the has the same meaning when used with plural countable nouns as when used with singular countable nouns. For instance, the is used with plural countable nouns when referring to something which has been mentioned before.
e.g. Fallen leaves covered the ground. The leaves rustled as we walked.
In the orchard were apples and pears. The apples were nearly ripe.
The doors opened, and students and teachers began leaving
the building. The students were talking and laughing.
In these examples, the first time the words leaves, apples and students appear, they are not preceded by determiners, because the things referred to have not been mentioned previously. The second time the words leaves, apples and students appear, they are preceded by the, since the things referred to have already been mentioned.
See Exercise 5.
b. Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant
The is used with plural countable nouns when the speaker or writer considers it obvious which particular persons or things are meant.
e.g. The stars are shining brightly.
The roses are blooming.
We have put the children to bed.
I was sitting on the front steps.
These sentences give examples of the use of the to refer to things which are particularly important to the speaker or writer. The
expression the stars usually refers to the stars which can be seen from the part of the earth where one lives. The expression the roses might refer to roses in one's own garden, or to roses in which one feels a particular interest. The children might refer to one's own children or to children for whom one is responsible. The front steps might refer to the front steps of one's own house.
c. Names of nationalities
The is sometimes used with the name of a nationality in order to make a general statement about the people of that nationality. A plural verb must be used in such a statement.
When the name of a nationality ends in the sound of ch, s, sh or z, the name of the nationality must usually be preceded by the.
When the name of a nationality does not end in the sound of ch, s, sh or z, the letter s must be added to the end of the name when it is
used in a general statement. Names of nationalities to which s has been added are often used without being preceded by the.
d. Adjectives referring to classes of people
Adjectives such as rich and poor can be used with the in order to refer to a group of people as a class. A plural verb must be used. e.g. The blind attend special schools.
The poor do not own their own homes.
The rich often married for money.
In the above examples, the blind has the meaning of blind people, the poor has the meaning of poor people, and the rich has the meaning of rich people.
The following table summarizes the most important uses of the determiners a, an, and the with singular and plural countable nouns.
The absence of a determiner and the use of A, An and The
before countable nouns
See Exercise 6.
3. The use of The with proper nouns
a. Names of people
In English, names of people in the singular are not usually preceded by a determiner.
e.g. Washington was the first president of the United States.
Jack and Eleanor saw the movie.
Determiners are also usually not used when a title precedes a person's name.
Doctor Defoe has a good reputation.
Mr. Carpenter is a friend of ours.
In these examples, the titles Doctor and Mr. are not preceded by determiners.
However, names of people in the plural are usually preceded by
the.
e.g. The Smiths live in that house.
I have known the Harrisons for years.
b. Names of places
In English, the is usually used before the following types of place name:
Type of Place Name
canal
desert
ocean
river
sea
plural place names
place names containing the word of
The following are examples of names of canals, deserts, oceans, rivers, and seas:
e.g. the Panama Canal
the Mojave Desert
the Atlantic Ocean
the St. Lawrence River
the Beaufort Sea
The following are examples of plural place names:
e.g. the United States
the British Isles
the Great Lakes
the Rocky Mountains
The following are examples of place names containing the word of: e.g. the Gulf of Mexico
the Cape of Good Hope
the Bay of Biscay
the Isle of Wight
Other types of place name are usually not preceded by determiners. For instance, determiners are usually not used before the following types of place name:
See Exercise 7.
4. Nouns used only in the plural
Some English nouns are usually used only in the plural. Such nouns take a plural verb, and generally have a plural form. For instance, the following nouns, which all refer to objects with two parts, are usually used only in the plural:
e.g. jeans
pajamas
pliers
scissors
If it is desired to refer to such objects individually, the expression pair of is often used.
e.g. a pair of jeans
a pair of pajamas
a pair of pliers
a pair of scissors
When the expression pair of is used as the subject of the verb, the verb must agree with the word pair.
e.g. Jeans are fashionable.
A pair of jeans is expensive.
Pliers are very useful.
A pair of pliers is often useful.
In the above examples, the nouns jeans and pliers take the plural verb are, and the noun pair takes the singular verb is.
See Exercise 8.
EXERCISES for Chapter 15
1. Rewrite the following general statements using singular nouns. Make sure that the verbs agree with their subjects. For example: Engineers must be familiar with computers.
An engineer must be familiar with computers.
Trees produce oxygen.
A tree produces oxygen.
1. Automobiles should be kept in good repair.
2. Bats locate insects by means of sonar.
3. Diplomats should, if possible, be multilingual.
4. Hats are useful in cold weather.
5. Physicists must study a great deal.
6. Elephants can be dangerous.
Answers
2. Rewrite the following general statements using plural nouns. Make sure that the verbs agree with their subjects. For example:
A bicycle is a convenient means of transportation.
Bicycles are a convenient means of transportation.
A secretary should be proficient in spelling and grammar.
Secretaries should be proficient in spelling and grammar.
1. A sportsman needs to remain calm under pressure.
2. An eagle has good eyesight.
3. A conference requires careful planning.
4. A rock is composed of minerals.
5. A potato is rich in starch.
6. An omelette is made of eggs and other ingredients.
Answers
3. Rewrite the following general statements using singular nouns. Make sure that the verbs agree with their subjects. For example: Frogs are amphibians.
A frog is an amphibian.
Wrenches are tools.
A wrench is a tool.
1. Pines are evergreens.
2. Otters are mammals.
3. Computers are machines.
4. Crabs are crustaceans.
5. Crickets are insects.
6. Oaks are hardwoods.
Answers
4. Rewrite the following general statements using plural nouns. Make sure that the verbs agree with their subjects. For example:
A robin is a bird.
Robins are birds.
A refrigerator is an appliance.
Refrigerators are appliances.
1. A schooner is a ship.
2. A mallard is a duck.
3. A rhododendron is a bush.
4. A beech is a tree.
5. A kangaroo is a marsupial.
6. An emerald is a gem.
5. Paying attention to whether the people and things referred to have been mentioned previously, fill in each blank with a, an or the, or leave the blank empty if no determiner is required.
I once had the chance to see ___ Chinese opera. It was very exciting. As well as ___ singers, there were ___ dancers and ___ acrobats. ___ acrobats staged ___ fights. During ___ fights, some of ___ acrobats wielded ___ swords, and others leaped over ___ swords. Many of ___ dancers carried scarves. ___ dancers ___ flourished ___ scarves to make ____ patterns in the air.
Behind ___ screen was a group of ___ musicians. ___ musicians played various oriental instruments. ___ instruments included ___ drums, ___ cymbals, ___ flutes and ___ gong. ___ flutes usually played the melody, and ___ gong was sounded at particularly exciting moments.
Of course there were ___ hero and ___ heroine. ___ hero had to rescue ___ heroine from ___ magician. ___ hero and ___ heroine had both proved their courage by the end of ___ opera.
6. Fill in each blank with the or leave it empty, as appropriate. Be prepared to justify your choices. For example:
Those participants are ____ lawyers.
Those participants are lawyers.
____ eagles are birds of prey.
Eagles are birds of prey.
___ deaf have their own language.
The deaf have their own language.
___ Dutch are members of the European Union.
The Dutch are members of the European Union.
____ planets circle the sun.
The planets circle the sun.
1. ____ English have a reputation for being animal lovers.
2. ____ wounded were treated immediately.
3. His friends are ____ scientists.
4. ____ crows are black.
5. ____ stars are covered by clouds.
6. ____ French make excellent pastries.
7. Two of the women are ____ reporters.
8. ____ turtles are reptiles.
9. ____ wealthy generally have a good knowledge of finance.
10. ____ Americans like to watch television.
11. They are ____ businessmen.
Answers
7. Paying attention to the rules for the use of the with proper nouns, fill in the blanks with the or leave them empty, as appropriate. For example:
___ Rick is one of ___ Smiths who live on our street.
Rick is one of the Smiths who live on our street.
___ Channel Islands lie south of ___ England.
The Channel Islands lie south of England.
___ Rhine River flows through ___ Lake Constance.
The Rhine River flows through Lake Constance.
____ Isle of Man lies in ____ Irish Sea.
The Isle of Man lies in the Irish Sea.
Part of ___ New York City is situated on ___ Long Island.
Part of New York City is situated on Long Island.
1. ____ Hawaiian Islands are in the middle of ____ Pacific Ocean.
2. ____ Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.
3. ____ London lies on ____ Thames River.
4. ____ Suez Canal connects ____ Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea.
5. ____ Lake Huron and ____ Lake Erie are two of ____ Great Lakes.
6. ____ Calcutta lies north of ____ Bay of Bengal.
7. ____ North Sea separates British Isles from ____ Norway and ____ Denmark.
8. ____ Bay of Biscay lies to the west of ____ France.
9. ____ Orkney Islands are in the north of ____ Scotland.
10. ____ Anticosti Island lies in ____ Gulf of St. Lawrence.
11. Part of ____ Sahara Desert lies in ____ Algeria.
12. ____ Gerry, one of ____ Johnsons, lives on ____ Belleview Street.
13. ____ Mount Kilimanjaro is south-east of ____ Lake Victoria.
14. ____ Vancouver Island lies off the west coast of ____ Canada.
15. ____ Serengeti National Park lies in ____ Tanzania. Answers
8. Paying attention to whether a singular or plural verb should be used, complete each of the following sentences by filling in the blank with is or are. For example:
My scissors ___ very sharp.
My scissors are very sharp.
One pair of scissors __ not enough for the whole class.
One pair of scissors is not enough for the whole class.
Five pairs of scissors ___ sufficient for a small class.
Five pairs of scissors are sufficient for a small class.
1. Her jeans ______ white.
2. Only one pair of jeans ______ clean.
3. Three pairs of jeans ______ being washed.
4. A good pair of pliers ______ handy for repairing a bicycle.
5. His pliers ______ equipped with a sharp edge for cutting wire.
专题一名词主要考查三个方面： 1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析； 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法； 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。 ◆名词的数 规则名词的复数形式
a block of一块； a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群； a pile of一堆 a pair of一组/双/对； a piece of一片/张/块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles 【2016广西来宾】 —There are many ____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of ____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some_______. There are lots of vitamins in them. A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. potatos 2.if you take a plane, you cannot take ______ onto the plane with you. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives 3. The _______ have caught the two_______ already. A. policeman; thief B. policemen; thiefs C. policemen; thieves D. policeman; thieves 【2016重庆】It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’ 【2015攀枝花】All the are from ． A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Germany D. man doctor; German 【2015广安】 —How many can you see in the picture? —Two．
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：？ 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：？ book → books room → rooms？ house → houses day → days？ 2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：？ bus → buses glass → glasses？ watch → watches？ dis h → dishes box → boxes？ 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：？ city → cities body → bodies？ factory → factories等等。？ 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：？ half → halves leaf → leaves？ knife → knives wife → wives？ 5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]？ ① child → children？ ② man → men woman → women？ policeman → policemen？ (规律：man → men)？ ③ tomato → tomatoes？ potato → potatoes？ [悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]？ ④ foot → feet tooth → teeth？ [悄悄话：oo变成ee。]？ ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]？ ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。？ 三、不可数名词的家务事？ 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：？ The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。？ 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：？ water (水) → waters (水域)？ orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)？ 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：？ fruit → fruits food → foods？ fish → fishes hair → hairs？
可数名词和不可数名词复数变化规则 英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。 一、可数名词在它之前可以加上冠词a/an（以元音字母a,e,i,o,u开头的字母前冠词用an)。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接加冠词的。可数名词复数变化规律如下： a. 一般情况下，直接加 -s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b．以s,x,ch,sh结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。 c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, baby-babies 婴儿；读音：[z]。 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s，如：monkey-monkeys,toy-toys 读音：[s]。 d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives, leaf---leaves树叶；读音：[z]。e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的加-es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes ，hero-heroes 2) 无生命的加-s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos，radio-radios f. 以ce,se,ze,de,ge结尾，加-s，如：exercise-exercises，读音：[z]。 g. 不规则名词：小老鼠爬灯台，偷油吃下不来。男人当警察，保护妇女跟儿童； 英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚；养了一头日本羊，送给了中国人； 养了一头鹿跟鹅，卖给了瑞士人。 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, goose---geese鹅，mouse(老鼠）-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, ox-oxen(公牛）h. 除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如： fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊,news 新闻，goods 商品，fish，people 人，human人类 i. 有一些名词则只有复数形式：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses 圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子 j. “某国人”的复数有三种类型： （1）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s； （2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men； 注意：German的复数是Germans,它的man不是词根，而是由Germany演变过来的。（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian结尾的均直接加s。如：Americans, Australians, Indians等。 可依照这个口诀记忆：中日瑞士均不变，英法荷兰都要变，其他”s”加后面。
s h c h S X e s Chinese people fish deer sheep hero Negro potato tomato + s es photo radio piano zoo bamboo 名词概念： 表示人或事物名字的词。 （了解可数名词和不可数名词并举例） （了解单数和复数并举例） 单数名词变成复数形式主要六种规则：（第一，二种） 如遇到一下词，可数名词要变复数： EG: two five ten … some many （1） 直接+“s ” 例：student 2 students apple 3 apples （2） 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词，+“es ” 例：class 5 classes box 3 boxes church 4 churches brush 2 brushes 单数名词变成复数形式主要六种规则：（第三种） （1）以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，去“y ”，加“ies ” 例：baby 2 babies puppy 3 puppies （2）以元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接+“s ” 例：boy some boys toy many toys 单数名词变成复数形式主要六种规则：（第四种） 以f, fe 结尾的名词,变f, fe 为“ves ” 例：knife 10 knives thief 2 thieves 单数名词变成复数形式主要六种规则：（第五种） 以O 结尾的名词+“s ”或“es ” Chant:photo, radio, piano, zoo, bamboo ，s*3 Chant: tomato, potato, hero, Negro, es*2 认读单词 了解含义 特殊记忆，不规则记忆（第六种） Chant: 单复数同型： Chinese, people, fish, deer, sheep,
可数名词单数变复数规则及练习（含答案） 名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单复数的形式；而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下： 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.以o结尾，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如：potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos 6．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如There are 56 peoples in China. 以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。 water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread （面包） 不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示，如。a cup of tea two cups of tea
【发卷日期】2013年______月_______日 【学生姓名】__________________________ 一、如何把“单数句”变成“复数句”： 1、 “人称代词/物主代词/反身代词的单数形式”变成相应的“人称代词/物主代词/反身 代词的复数形式”。也就是说： 2、 be 动词变成相应的复数形式：am/is 变为___________，was 变为___________。 3、 不定冠词a/an 要________________________（去掉/保留），固定搭配除外。 例如：He is a boy.→They are boys. 4、 指示代词：this 变为__________________，that 变为__________________。 例如：This is a book.→These are books. 5、 man 和woman 作定语修饰可数名词时，要在"数"上与被修饰名词保持一致。也 就是说，当man 和woman 修饰可数名词．．．．时，在整个句子变成复数的情况下，它 们也变为复数形式：___________________________和___________________________。 例如：She is a woman teacher.→They are women teachers. 【注意】当名词修饰名词表“性质”时，不作变化。如：apple tree → apple trees 6、 单数句变复数句时，句中的形容词、副词、定冠词、特殊疑问词、介词短语和 感叹词等__________________________________________________（必须改变/保持不变）。 例如：Who is she? 她是谁？→ Who are they? 她们是谁？ 7、 有的英语单数句不可以变成复数句，必须根据题目的实际情况进行具体分析。 例如：My name is Kate. 我叫凯特。Three plus two is five. 三加二等于五。 8、 可数名词的单数形式要变为_______________形式。例如：It is a cat. → They are cats. book 书 → house 房子 → day 日子 → ruler 尺子 → bus 公共汽车 → waitress 女服务员 → dress 连衣裙 → glass 玻璃杯 → class 班 → box 盒子 → fox 狐狸 → dish 碟子 → brush 刷子 → watch 手表 → peach 桃子 → coach 教练 → 【注意】有些单词例外，它们本身就以字母s 结尾，如：news 新闻（不可数名词）
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教学过程 一、课堂导入 老师将下列句子呈现给学生，学生跟着老师读下列句子，并对比前后两句话中划线部分的不同。 1. There are so many boxes on the floor. There are so much water on the floor. 2. I like eating fish. I like keep some different kinds of fish in my fish tank. 2 / 31
可数名词复数变化教案 二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学的there be句型的概念，用法，以及there be的一般将来时态等。（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对there be具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的名词的分类，可数名词的复数构成等知识点。 3 / 31
可数名词复数变化教案 三、知识讲解 知识点1：名词的分类 专有名词：主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称。专有名词的第一个字母通常大写,如Paris 名词个体名词desk，table，computer 可数名词 集体名词people，police，class 普通名词 不可数名词物质名词water，meat，bread 4 / 31
可数名词复数变化教案 抽象名词imagination，happiness，freedom 5 / 31
可数名词复数变化教案 1. 【考查点】可数名词与不可数名词的区分，不可数名词没有复数形式。通常肉类，液体，面包等时不可数的。 如：There is much water in the bottle. There are 7 days in a week. I’m so hungry. Please give me three pieces of bread to eat. 2. 【考查点】专有名词首字母必须要大写。 如：we go to the Great Wall on Saturday。 6 / 31
可数名词和不可数名词讲解 （一）定义：1可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数 形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 2.不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情 或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an 。 可数名词用法讲解: 可数名词有单复数之分。㈠单数可数名词 1.单数可数名词一般不会单独出现，前面通常要有限定词。 例如：She is friend(friend 前面加上my.) I have pen.(pen前面加上a) I like boy.(boy前面加上this) 限定词通常有三类。⑴冠词。经常用不定冠词 a、an。⑵形容词性物主代词。⑶指 示代词this、that 。this、that可用the代替。 2.单数可数名词做主语看作第三人称单数，谓语动词使用三单（单数）形式。 My father is (be) very tall. His brother likes (like) playing basketball.㈡可数名词的复数形式。 1．单数变复数规则变化 a. 一般情况下，直接加-s.如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s、x、ch、sh和部分0结尾的加es c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e. 以o结尾，通常 加 s.初中范围只有这四个词Negro hero potato potato 这四个词加es 如tomato -potatoes. tomato-tomatoes巧记黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯这四个词加es 不规则变化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese. 3．什么时候使用可数名词的复数形式？ a.数词大于1，可数名词用复数。 b.可数名词前有Some/any、these/those 、a lot of/lots of、 many、How many、 a few 修饰时，可数名词用复数。 Some/any+可复 a lot of/lots of+可复 Many+可复 How many+ 可复 A few+可复 c.复数名词表示泛指是可数名词使用复数形式。 I like apples Grapes are my favourite fruit. 4.对可数名词数量提问使用how many ㈢不可数名词 1. 不可数没有复数。不可数名词不能直接和a/an、数词连用。若要表 示它的个体意义时，一般要与一个名词短语连用，即a/an /数词 +量词单数/复数+of+不可 数名词。 A cup of tea two cups of tea 注意数词大于一，量词用复数。 a/an / 数词+量词单数/复数+of+不可数名词做主语时，它的数由量词的数决定。如 The cup of tea is (be) hot. Two cups of tea are (be) on the table. 2. 单个的不可数名词做 主语看作第三人称单数，谓语动词使用三单形式。 The meat smells (smell) delicious. The water is on the table. 3. 常用来修饰不可数名词的词 Some/any、 a lot of/lots
教学过程 一、课堂导入 老师将下列句子呈现给学生，学生跟着老师读下列句子，并对比前后两句话中划线部分的不同。 1. There are so many boxes on the floor. There are so much water on the floor. 2. I like eating fish. I like keep some different kinds of fish in my fish tank.
二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学的there be句型的概念，用法，以及there be的一般将来时态等。（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对there be具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的名词的分类，可数名词的复数构成等知识点。
三、知识讲解 知识点1：名词的分类 专有名词：主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称。专有名词的第一个字母通常大写,如Paris 名词个体名词desk，table，computer 可数名词 集体名词people，police，class 普通名词 不可数名词物质名词water，meat，bread 抽象名词imagination，happiness，freedom
1. 【考查点】可数名词与不可数名词的区分，不可数名词没有复数形式。通常肉类，液体，面包等时不可数的。 如：There is much water in the bottle. There are 7 days in a week. I’m so hungry. Please give me three pieces of bread to eat. 2. 【考查点】专有名词首字母必须要大写。 如：we go to the Great Wall on Saturday。
可数名词的复数变化 可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式，名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两个大类。 1.名词复数的规则变化： ⑴绝大多数名词直接在词尾加s变成复数，如：cup—cups, bathroom-bathrooms ⑵以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词变复数要加es，如：class（班级）—classes, box（盒子）—boxes, match（火柴）—matches, brush（刷子）—brushes ⑶以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，去f或fe再加ves。 f、fe结尾的顺口溜：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮月光。按：顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。 注意:以f结尾的名词，一般把把f改为ves，但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的，如gulf（海湾）, roof（屋顶）, chief（首领）, serf（农仆）, belief（信仰）, proof（证据）, handkerchief （手帕）。 编成口诀联想：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据定在手帕上。 ⑷以y结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情况而变： ①元音+y：直接+s ,如：boy—boys, toy—toys, day--days ②辅音+y：变y为i，再+es ，如：study(书房)—studies, city(城市)—cities, party（晚会）-parties ⑸以o结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情况而变： O结尾的名词顺口溜 1）有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。 有生命：potato（土豆）-potatoes, tomato（西红杮）-tomatoes, hero（英雄）-heroes, Negro （黑人）--Negroes 如无生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos 2）两人两菜一水果。（+es） 小学-中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时，加es的只有Negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato （土豆），tomato（西红杮），mango（芒果）这就是“两人两菜一水果”。 3）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。 图景：你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。 zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios. 2.名词复数的不规则变化：
一、变化规则 1、一般情况下直接在词尾加s 例：book---books apple---apples orange---_________ tiger---_________ girl---__________ banana---_________ lemon---__________ pencil---_________ 2、以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词，加es 例：bus---buses box---boxes fish---fishes beach---beaches class--- fox--- beach--- watch--- 3、以f或fe结尾的单词，把f或fe变成v加es 例：leaf---leaves knife--- (刀) wife--- （妻子） 4、以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，把y变i加es 例：fly---flies butterfly---_______ library---_______ baby---_____ puppy---______ 二、选择单词的适当形式填空，写在横线上。 1. It’s so hot. I want to eat an ________. Do you like ______?( ice-cream, ice creams) 2.There are many_________(animal,animals) in the zoo.I like ________.( giraffe,giraffes) 3. ---Can I help you? ---Three _______ (doll, dolls),please. 4. I like____________( strawberry, strawberries) because they are sweet and juicy. 5. I don’t like _______(fly, flys,flies) because they are ugly and dirty(脏的). 6. Look at the_______(baby,babys,babies). They are so cute.
初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。 二、关于可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。 如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ① child → children ② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen（规律：man → men） ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ] ④ foot → feet tooth→ teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。] ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。 三、关于不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如：water （水）→ waters （水域）orange （橘汁）→ oranges （橘子） 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。 如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 四、名词可数不可数“六注意” 1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples 等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。 2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a（an）修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如： He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。 No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。 3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。如： There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。 There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。 4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如：a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
可数名词复数和不可数名词的用法测试 Name：__________ Mark：__________ ▲Part I.可数名词 一．可数名词的复数规则变化. 1.map__________ 2.girl__________ 3.pen__________ 4.bag_____ 5.car__________ 6.bus__________ 7.brush__________ 8.watch__________ 9.box__________ 10.baby__________ 11.city_________ 12.country__________ 13.hero__________ 14.potato_________15.zoo_________ 16.tomato_________ 17.photo_________ 18.knife__________19.leaf__________ 20.wolf________ 21.wife__________ 22.life__________ 二．可数名词复数不规则变化. 1.child__________ 2.foot__________ 3.tooth__________ 4.mouse__________ 5.man__________ 6.woman_______ 7.goose__________ 8.ox__________ 三．单复数同形. 1.people__________ 2.sheep__________ 3.Chinese__________ 4.Japanese__________ 5.deer__________ 四.选择. 1.After moving to their new house, the Lees（姓李的一家）bought a lot of ______ in the mall. A. furniture B. chairs C. table D. shelf 2.We got much __________ for our picnic. A. apple B. tomato C. bread D. biscuit 3.He knows __________ Chinese and has __________ Chinese friends. A. much, many B. many, much C. much, much D. many, many 4.I’m thirsty. I think I’ll buy some __________. A. water B. bread C. eggs D. apples 5. Look! There are some __________on the floor. A .child B. boxes C. water D.girls 6. There are many __________ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 7. ----What are these? --They are __________. A. deers B. radios C. Radioes D.tomatos 8. How many __________ are there in these __________? A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos C. tomatoes, photoes D.potatos,photoes 9. The old man has two __________. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths D.toothes 10. Here are __________ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D.some tomato
可数名词变复数的发音规则 一可数名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加s或es. 现将构成规则与读音规则:
bridge[bri]→bridges[ briiz]桥梁 （2）名词词尾发音为[p, t, k, f, θ]等清辅音时，加“-s”并发[-s]音。例如：cup[kp]→cups[kps]茶杯 cat[kt]→cats[kts]猫 book0[buk]→books[buks]书 roof[ru:f]→roofs[ru:fs]屋顶 month[mnθ]→months[mnθs]月 注：“stomach”（胃），“monarch”（君主）等的复数是词尾加“-s”而不是加“-es”，因为这些词的词尾“-ch”的发音是[-k]。 （3）名词词尾发音为前二项以外的情形时，亦即为[b, d, g, v, , m, n, , l]等浊辅音及元音时 （词尾为“-o”除外），加“-es”并发[-z]音。例如： herb[hb]→herbs[hbz]药草 bed[bed]→beds[bedz]床 dog[dg]→dogs[dgz]狗 glove[glv]→gloves[glvz]手套 scythe[sai]→scythes[saiz]大镰刀 game[geim]→games[geimz]游戏 can[kn]→cans[knz]罐，桶 king[ki]→kings[kiz]国王 girl[gl]→girls[glz]女孩\ circles star[sta:]→stars[sta:z]星星 bee[bi:]→bees[bi:z]蜜蜂 igloo['iglu:]→igloos['iglu:z]圆顶冰屋 law[l]→laws[lz]法律 eye[ai]→eyes[aiz]眼睛 day[dei]→days[deiz]日，白昼 cow[kau]→cows[kauz]母牛 blow[blou]→blows[blouz]殴打 boy[bi]→boys[biz]男孩
名词的复数形式大全 名词指代物体、事物和人，例如：电脑、椅子、沙滩、门警等等。名词是英语中八大词类之一。指代物体的可数名词有两种形式：单数形式和复数形式。本篇关于名词复数的指南可以帮助你理解名词复数的规则形式和不规则形式。在英语中，需要学习的还有动词的不规则形式、以及与名词复数形式很相似的形容词比较级和最高级。 普通的名词复数形式——加上-s 对于大多数名词来说，只需要在词尾加上-s。 单数名词+s=复数名词 computer -> computers （电脑） bag -> bags （包） book -> books （书） table -> tables （桌） house -> houses （房子） car -> cars （汽车） student -> students （学生） place -> places （地点） 不规则名词的复数形式-以辅音+y结尾的名词 以辅音+y结尾的名词，去掉y，词尾加上ies。 以y结尾的单数名词+ies =复数名词 baby -> babies （宝贝） party -> parties （聚会） paddy -> paddies （稻田） hobby -> hobbies （习惯） lady -> ladies
（女士） ferry -> ferries （渡轮） sherry -> sherries （雪莉酒） dandy -> dandies （花花公子） 不规则名词的复数形式——以SH, Ch, S, X,或Z[/cn] 以SH, Ch, S, X,或Z结尾的名词，在词尾加上es。 以SH, Ch, S, X,或Z结尾的名词+es=复数名词 beach -> beaches （沙滩） box -> boxes （箱子） church -> churches （教堂） buzz -> buzzes （嗡嗡声） loss -> losses （损失） fox -> foxes （狐狸） watch -> watches （手表） dress -> dresses （裙子） 不规则名词的复数形式——以o结尾的名词 许多以辅音+o结尾的名词，o后面会在s前再加上一个e。 不幸的是，也有很多以o结尾的名词不需要做出改动。首先，这里有一些需要做出改动的例子。 以辅音+o结尾的单数名词+es=复数形式 tomato -> tomatoes （番茄） hero -> heroes （英雄） zero -> zeroes （零） potato -> potatoes （土豆）
可数名词变复数的规则教案 教学目标： 1. 能够理解可数名词的含义。 2. 能够理解可数名词变复数的规则。 3. 能够准确运用可数名词变复数的规则。 教学重难点： 1. 能够理解可数名词变复数的规则。 2. 能够准确运用可数名词变复数的规则。学情分析：学生能够分辨出单词的词性是否属于名词，但对于可数名词和不可数名词的区分，概念上还是有些模糊。特别是对于可数名词复数形式的理解及运用还存在一定问题。 教学步骤： 一. 开课导入： 1. A guessing game:What ' s in the pencil case ? How many _________ in the pencil case? 2. 点题： 二.新授课：（通过PPT呈现） 1. 什么是名词？名词的分类有哪些？ 2. 什么是可数名词？它有哪两种形式？ 3. 自主学习微课-- 可数名词变复数的规则 4. 组内交流你所记得的可数名词变复数的规则，比比谁记的多？
5. 对子间互相考一考：一人说单词，一人说出对应的复数形式，看谁说对的个数多？ 三．巩固操练：名词可数变复数专项练习名词可数变复数专项练习一．写出下列名词复数 leaf _____ box _______ knife _______ fox _____ bus _____ dish _________ ruler _________ glass _______ pencil _______ boy _________ zoo _______ man ________ sheep ______ key ______ story _______ bamboo _______ family _____ day _____ fish_____ goose _______ Chinese ______ deer ______ foot _____ child _______ tooth _____ hero _______ boss ___ monkey ______ 二．用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1>I have two (pencil-box). 2>There are three _____ (chair) in the classroom. 3>These ______ (tomato) are red. 4> ____ (hero) are great. 5>My brother looks after two ____ (baby) 6>There are some _____ (deer) eating the grass. 7>My father likes to eat _____ (potato). 8>Chinese ____ (people)like to eat noodles. 9>I have a lot of _____ (toy) in my bedroom.