第二讲动名词+听力练习
一．目标展示。仔细观察下列句子，注意划线部分的用法。
1. Mr. Li enjoys collecting things.
2. She practises playing the piano every morning.
3. Li Ming finished doing his homework at 9 p.m.
4. He admitted stealing his own vase.
5. They suggested going to the cinema.
二．结构
动词原形+ing（既具有动词性质又具有名词性质，可作主语但不能作谓语）e.g. Smoking may cause cancer.
三．用法
1. 作主语 e.g. Seeing is believing.
2. 作宾语 e.g. Did he admit breaking the vase?
3. 作表语 e.g. My job is teaching.
4. 作定语 e.g. a teaching building
▲四．常见接动名词作宾语的动词
enjoy 喜爱finish 完成keep 保持
mind 介意practice 练习consider 考虑
suggest 建议admit 承认deny 否认
feel like 想要be busy 忙于have fun玩的开心
be worth 值得look forward to 期待what/how about怎么样eg. He felt like going to the park with me.
It is worth reading the book.
五．接不定式和动名词均可，且含义相同的动词
like/love/hate/prefer/begin/start…
eg. He likes to sing/singing.
▲★六．接不定式和动名词均可，但含义不同
1. remember/forget/regret to do sth. 记得/忘记/后悔去做某事（事情还未发生）remember/forget/regret doing sth. 记得/忘记/后悔做过某事（动作已经发生）eg. Remember to return my book to me tomorrow.
I am sorry, but I remembered returning you the book yesterday.
2. try to do sth. 设法做某事（努力做某事）
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
eg. I’ll try to finish it today.
Let’s try knocking at the bac k door.
3. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
eg. Stop making so much noise.
I was tired, let’s stop to have a rest.
4.can’t help doing sth. 禁不住去做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助去做某事
eg. He can’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
The medici ne can’t help to get rid of your cold.
5.go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事情
go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事情
eg. I went on working all the night.
He went on doing his homework after finish eating supper.
★七．动名词用主动形式表被动含义
need/want/require 三个表示“需要”的动词后既可接to do，也可接doing，含义相同，接doing时是用主动式表被动含义。
eg. The room needs cleaning.
=The room needs to be cleaned.
课堂练习
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I like __________ (read) English in the morning.
2. It’s time for us to learn Lesson
3. Please stop ___________ (talk).
3. She was ill so she did n’t feel like ___________ (eat) anything.
4. Do you mind ____________ (open) the window?
5. She enjoys ____________ (listen) to music.
6. He is looking forward to ___________ (visit) China.
7. Excuse me for _________ (come) late.
8. My favourite hobby is _____________ (play) chess.
9. Remember not ____________ (be) late again.
10. You should practice ____________ (write).
11. I can finish ____________ (read) the novel in an hour.
12. The doctor suggests ___________ (eat) less fast food.
13. You have promised ___________ (help) me.
14. She just happened ___________ (meet) you.
15. Don’t stop, keep ___________ (move).
二、单项选择。
( ) 1.Who taught you a car?
A. driving
B. to drive
C. riding
D. to ride
( ) 2. Today we use machines us do most of our work.
A. to help
B. help
C. helping
D. helped
( ) 3. I will never forget you for the first time.
A. to meet
B. meet
C. meeting
D. meets
( ) 4. I didn’t spend all the mo ney ______ the books.
A. to buy
B. have bought
C. buying
D. bought
( ) 5. Don’t be afraid of mistakes when you learn English.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. made
( ) 6. The doctor was busy on the boy at that time.
A. operate
B. operating
C. to operating
D. operated
( )7. Return the book to the library as soon as you finish it.
A. to read
B. reading
C. read
D. have read
( ) 8. ----Would you mind my pet dog when I am out?
---- Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for my test this week.
A. take care of
B. taking care of
C. to take care of
D. taking care ( ) 9. He kept there without to anybody.
A. sitting; talk
B. to sit; to talk
C. sitting; talking
D. sit; talking ( ) 10. It is no use theory without practice.
A. to learn
B. learning
C. learn
D. learned
三、翻译下列句子。
1.为什么不向老师求助呢？__________________________________________________
2.我看到他们正在那边打棒球. __________________________________________________
3. 我妈妈正忙于做家务。__________________________________________________
4. 我期待去参观长城。__________________________________________________
5. 你介意打开窗户吗？__________________________________________________
四、完成句子。
1. 我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。
We are tired. Let’s ______________________________.
2. 请记得为我买一本书。
Please ___________________________ a book for me.
3. 孩子们忙于做作业。
The children are busy _____________________ homework.
4. 你介意我抽烟吗？
Do you mind me _____________ here?
5. 说起来容易坐起来难。
Talking is easier than _______________.
五、语法填空
You may have trouble (1) ________ (learn) a language. Here are a few (2) ________ (idea) to help you learn a language well. Learning the pronunciation of a language is (3)__________ important part of your language learning. You can learn this (4) _________ listening to the language as much as possible over the radio or on TV.
Building up your vocabulary in a foreign language can take many (5) ________ (year).
Learning words from the context in writing and speaking materials is probably the best way (6)
________ (do) this. Learning the grammar of a language can make you understand (7) ________ sentences are constructed (构成). And then you can construct your own sentences. (8) ________ best ways to learn grammar well (9) ________ (be) to take notes and (10) ________ (remember) some important sentences.
课后作业
一、单项填空。
1. My mother asks me___________TV before finishing my homework.
A. not to watch
B. not watch
C. not watching watch
D. watch
2. Our teachers often tell us not_______ alone in the river in summer. It's dangerous.
A. swim
B. swims
C. swimming
D. to swim
3. His parents often encourage him__________ hard
A. work
B.working
C. to work
D. works
4. Last week I met my old friend Li Ming.but I forgot_________him for his number.
A. ask
B. asking
C. and ask
D. to ask
5. Where do you want___________ for a party?
A. to go
B. go
C.going
D. goes
6. I've decided__________ at home and have a good rest first.
A. stay
B. to stay
C. stayed
D. staying
7.Do you say Yes or No to the discipline(纪律)that students are not allowed ______ at school?
A.to smoke
B.smoking
C. to smoking
D. smoke
8. —Tom, I'm very thirsty.
—Why not___________ some water?
A. stop to have
B. stop having
C. to stop to have
D. to stop having
9. The young man often sees a boy__________ by the lake.
A. to draw
B. draws
C. draw
D. drew
10.I prefer__________ a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than get some money.
A.to receive
B. receiving
C. receive
D. receives
11. —What did you plan__________ this weekend?
—We decided__________ to the beach.
A.to do; going
B.to do; to go C doing; to go D. doing; going
12. —Would you like__________ basketball with us this afternoon?
—Sorry. 1 have much homework to do.
A. playing
B.to play
C. played
D.plays
13. —What is your grandfather's hobby?
—His hobby is,__________ when he is free.
A. fishes B to fish C. fished D.fish
14.—Did you return the book to the school library?
—Yes. I remembered I__________it last Friday.
A. returning
B. to return
C.returned
D.returns
15. —I hope__________ as a doctor when I grow up.
—Sounds great. But I want__________ a writer.
A. work; be
B.to work; he
C. work; to be
D. to work; to be
16. —Where should we go next weekend?
—He advised us__________ to the zoo.
A. to go
B. going
C. went
D. goes
17. —The lights were on the whole night.
—Sorry, Mom. I forgot__________ them off.
A. turned
B.turning
C. turns
D. to turn
18. —I am tired and can't go any further.
—Let's stop__________ a rest.
A. has
B. have
C. to have
D. having
19. Helen had to shout__________above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
20. I haven't seen my old friends for years. I'm expecting__________them.
A. meet
B. met
C. to meet
D. to meeting
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. He found it very difficult________ (get) to sleep.
2. We helped her________ (repair) her bike.
3. The two boys will learn_______ (swim) in the Swimming
4. The little girl is trying________ (wake) her mum up.
5. Please remember_______ (close) the door when you leave
6. Please remember__________ (not waste) water.
7. It takes her much time__________(read) English.
8.1 saw him________ (come) downstairs just now.
9. My father decided___________ (not smoke) last year.
10. The teacher made us _______ (do) Exercise 1.
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
初中英语语法：动名词的否定式 一、动名词一般式的否定式 动名词一般式的否定式是将直接否定词not置于动名词之前。如： Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不准时使人觉得 他不可靠。 Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life. 个 子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。 He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他 说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。 Our problem is not having sufficient raw material. 我们 的问题是原料不足。 二、动名词完成式的否定式 若动名词为完成式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如： Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 我没给你 写信请别生我的气。 Excuse me not having answered your letter before. 没有更 早回信请原谅。 I apologize for not having kept my promise. 我没遵守诺言 向你表示歉意。 三、动名词被动式的否定式 若动名词为被动式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如：
He doesn’t like not being taken seriously. 他不喜欢被人不严肃对待。 As far as he’s concerned, it’s not doing something wrong that matters, but not being caught doing something wrong, 就他而论，重要的不是做错事，而是做错事不被抓住。 四、动名词带逻辑主语时的的否定式 若动名词带有逻辑主语，则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后。如： I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。 I never dreamt of its hurting you. 我没想它会伤你的心。 I depend on your coming at seven o’clock. 我指靠你七点钟来。 They won’t hear of you (r) going. 他们不会同意你去。 They’re looking forward to Mary’s coming. 他们盼望玛丽来。 I understand your not wanting to discuss the matter. 我理解你为什么不愿讨论这件事。 The trouble was their not being able to agree among themselves. 麻烦的是他们自己不能取得一致的意见。 Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
小学英语语法汇总（蓝本） 可数名词与不可数名词“分家” 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 可数名词是可以按个数来计算的普通名词，分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。不可数名词是不能按个数来计算的普通名词，分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 强调：不可数名词默认为单数，用is或者was；不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断。 二、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book → books house → houses day → days 读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 2. 以s,ss,ch,sh, x 结尾的在词尾加-es 。如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxe s 读音：[iz] 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，将y改为i再加-es。如city → cities factory → factories 读音：[z] 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的，将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives thief-thieves 读音：[z] 5. 特例（常考） ①child →children mouse→mice ②man →men woman→women policeman →policemen (规律：man →men) ③tomato →tomatoes potato → potatoes [注：黑人英雄土豆西红柿加es其余加-s,,如：photo → photos ] h ero →h eroes negro→negroes 读音：[z] ④foot → feet tooth → teeth [ oo变ee] ⑤sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish单、复数同形 ⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。 三、不可数名词的家务事 1. 不可数名词没有复数，作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh. 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但意义发生变化。如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表种类时就可数，意义不发生变化。如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 4. 计算不可数名词的数量，要在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如：a glass of water a piece of paper a bottle of juice 5.判断步骤： ↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
初中英语语法总结 ( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
一、选择题 1．Susan never gets upset when she has to wait in line. She is very ______ . A．shy B．honest C．funny D．patient 2．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 3．- Do you like the western food, Li Li? - No, I think Chinese food is______ than that of western countries. A．more delicious B．the most delicious C．not as delicious D．much delicious 4．Mother’s Day ______ we are looking forward to is coming. We are going to write a lett er to our mothers in order to show our best love and thank for their_____ care for us. A．which, 15-year B．when, 15 years’C．that, 15-years 5．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 6．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 7．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? —Yes. I'm ______ at drawing than her. A．better B．good C．well D．best 8．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 9．—I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER. —Me, too. It’s one of the ________ TV programs I’ve ever seen. A．least boring B．least interesting C．most boring D．most interesting 10．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 11．Mr. Black’s memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A．older B．poorer C．greater D．better 12．—How is your head teacher? —Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson. A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good 13．We've got a bedroom, if you'd like to stay.
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
高中英语语法知识表解 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：
三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：
1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上， 而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。 none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. 2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either
1. _______ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA. A. Although B. Since C. As D. When 【翻译】虽然这个男孩是在北京出生的，但却是在美国长大的。 ［考点］状语从句 【精析】 A 分析句意可知，本句应为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，即使”的意思。因为主从句主语和谓语一致，所以从句中although后省略了“the boy was”。although与but不能同时出现。since和as均引导原因状语从句，as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需用倒装形式；when引导时间状语从句。 2. _______ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What B. That C. As D. Which 【翻译】众所周知，欲速则不达。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 常用搭配“As is known to all”意思“众所周知”，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代逗号后面的整个主句，并在从句中充当主语。如：As is known to all, war is serious.众所周知，战争是残酷的。 3. That is the very old woman _______ house was burned down last night. A. which B. her C. of whom D. whose 【翻译】这正是那位老妇人，她的房子昨晚被烧掉了。 ［考点］定语从句 【精析】 D whose为关系代词，指人，是先行词old woman的所有格，在从句中充当house的定语。 4. Hardly had he finished his speech _______ the audience started cheering. A. than B. then C. when D. as soon as 【翻译】他刚一演讲完，观众就开始欢呼。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 固定搭配“Hardly...when...”表示“一……就……”，另有“no sooner...than”和“Scarcely...when”均表示相同的意思。 5. _______ the book, he found out some answers to this question. A. As he reading B. At his reading C. As reading D. On reading 【翻译】刚读这本书，他就发现了这个问题的答案。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 D on doing意为“一……就……”。此处的on相当于as soon as,引导状语从句。表示从句中的动作的时间比主句中动作的时间稍提前一点。 6. The spacecraft will send back _______ on surface winds and temperatures. A. many new information B. some new information C. a new information D. a few new information 【翻译】太空飞船将会发送一些新的关于表面风和温度的信息。 ［考点］词语搭配
一、选择题 1．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 4．The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．waited 5．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 6．—David, you got any tea? —Yes. Would you like some? A．have B．do C．has 7．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 8．— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A．Does; think B．Do ; think C．Do; thinks 9．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 10．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 11．—Let’s _________ the library this afternoon. —Sorry, I want _________ my grandfather. A．go to;to meet B．go to;meeting C．to go to;to meet 12．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 13．— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A．live in; with B．live; with C．live in; has D．live; has 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 16．— When and where shall we meet?
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词