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0734翻译：艰难的国运与雄健的国民（李大钊）Translation: Nation’s Bumpy Fortune and Robust Countrymen (Li Dazhou)(translated by: alexcwlin; edited by: Adam Lam)历史的道路不全是平坦的，Roads in history have not been all smooth and flat.有时走到艰难险阻的境界，这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
Sometimes at knotty and hazardous situations, you have to rely on robust spirit to ram through.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，A forward-charging Yangtze River with vigor and vitality sometimes could arrive at a wide-open area in a boundless plain.一泻万里。
In that situation, it would flow swiftly for a very long distance.有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山叠岭，绝壁断崖，But at other times, the topography could be constricted, mountainous, and precipitous-cliff-flanked.江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。
It would be a meandering and arduous trip for the river to go through.民族生命的进程，其经历亦复如是。
第一课艰难的国运与雄健的国民(汉、英)艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊历史的道路，不会是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界. 这是靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。
有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山跌岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。
民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。
旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。
志与旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴的向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。
再这一段道路上，是在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境致，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味。
但这种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的，不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江，黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江以及黄河遇见沙漠，遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。
目前的艰难境界，哪能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。
我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮的歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。
要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事......Nations Crisis VS Heroic NationThe course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. Anation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.The historical course of man's life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderfulsensation of adventure.The Chinese nation is now contributed with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.The Yangtse River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit. The two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days.第二课螃蟹（汉·英）螃蟹鲁迅老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了，自己知道要蜕壳了。
全民族淤血奋战与抗日战争的胜利（2018-2023年高考历史真题）2023年1．（2023年全国甲卷）1943年，中共中央指出，“提高妇女的政治地位、文化水平、改善生活，以达到解放的道路，亦须从经济丰裕与经济独立入手”。
这一决定的实施（）A．促进妇女彻底摆脱封建束缚B．有利于抗日根据地政权巩固C．扩大了陕甘宁边区阶级基础D．适应党的工作重心转移需要【答案】B【解析】根据材料“提高妇女的政治地位、文化水平、改善生活，以达到解放的道路，亦须从经济丰裕与经济独立入手。
”并结合所学可知，抗日战争后期，通过土地改革，妇女的经济地位得到提高，这有利于动员广大妇女投身抗战，这有助于巩固抗日根据地，推动抗日战争的胜利，B项正确；“彻底摆脱封建束缚”的表述太过绝对，排除A项；陕甘宁边区的阶级基础包括工人、农民、小资产阶级外，还包括了其他一切愿意抗日的阶级、阶层，妇女包含在内，故陕甘宁边区的阶级基础并未扩大，排除C项；1949年解放战争取得胜利，中国共产党召开中共七届二中全会，提出将党的工作重心从农村转回到城市，与材料时间不符，排除D项。
故选B项。
2．（2023年北京卷）1944年，太行区抗日根据地召开第一届“杀敌英雄和劳动英雄大会”。
评选出杀敌英雄31名，劳动英雄39名。
邓小平在大会上指出：“今年机关、部队自己生产两月或三月的食粮和全年的菜蔬，还要依靠自己生产来贴补油盐，计算起来，减轻了人民十万石公粮的负担。
如果把办公杂支和节约统统计算起来，大约减轻了人民二十万石公粮的负担。
这是一件多么重大的事情！"这一材料反映出（）①大生产运动取得了明显效果②敌后抗日根据地规模不断扩大③劳动英雄与杀敌英雄同样受到尊重④根据地为反“围剿”做好了物资储备A．①③B．②④C．①④D．②③【答案】A【解析】本题是组合选择题。
时空是近代中国。
根据材料“减轻了人民十万石公粮的负担”“减轻了人民二十万石公粮的负担”可知，大生产运动减轻了人民负担，效果明显，①正确；材料强调太行区抗日根据地的机关、部队自己生产减轻人民负担，不涉及根据地规模的扩大，排除②；根据材料可知，杀敌和劳动都被评为英雄，都为抗战作出了贡献，都受到了尊重，③正确；材料时间为1944年，处于国共合作抗战时期，而反“围剿”是国共十年内战时期，排除④，综上，A项正确，排除BCD项。
艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊历史的道路，不会是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。
这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻千里。
有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。
民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。
旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。
老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。
在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味。
但这种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的人不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神。
扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡地往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。
目前的艰难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。
我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。
要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事……National Crisis vs Heroic NationLi DazhaoTranslated by Zhang PeijiThe course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of 1 a heroic spirit can help surmount them.The mighty Yangtse River sometimes flows through a broad section2 with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on vigorously for thousands upon thousands of miles.3Sometimes it flows to a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, zigzagging in dangerous twists and turns4. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, dangerous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. There is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit. The two mighty rivers negotiate5deserts and gorges until6their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you,7is to build up our country during its most difficult days….本篇原文载1923年12月20日《新国民》第1卷第2号，短小隽永，堪称一首诗意盎然的抒情散文诗。
译文除文字须符合英语规范外，应力求传达原文的形象、诗一般的美感和雍容警策的笔调。
1等于nothing less than。
2“境界”这里不宜译为place或area等。
3“一泻万里”也可译为rolling on non-stop for tens of thousands of miles或rolling on for thousands of miles at a stretch。
4Twists and turns为固定短语，zigzagging也可换用meandering。
全句可译为following a dangerous tortuous course。
5Negotiate这里的意思是“顺利通过”（to succeed in getting past something difficult）。
6注意until在这里不作“直到……为止”解，而是that finally（“以至于”或“最后”）的意思。
7成语mind you的意思是also take this fact into account，相当于汉语的“请注意”或“说真的”。
（张培基译注）The Bad Luck of China and the Strong Will of the ChineseLi DazhaoTranslated by Jiang YueThe progress1 of history sometimes comes into a territory full of hardships and hindrances, and only by means of strong will2 can it run through the territory.Sometimes in an extensive and open terrain with boundless plains, a huge and might river flows vigorously down thousands of miles. Sometimes it runs in an imposing and narrow terrain with ranges after ranges of high mountains, crags and cliffs. It zigzags its way down through them, which is drastically hazardous and precipitous3. The progress of a nation undergoes the same experience.The life of human race in history is just like a journey. The places the travelers have traversed are open and flat here, but craggy and risky there. Walking on a flat and level road, an experienced traveler certainly4 feels delighted. However, walking in a rugged and rough terrain, one can enjoy more wits and humour. Walking in such an area of wonderful and magnificent scenes, one can savour more tastes of adventure.The road of history taken today by the Chinese nation is one full of twists and turns. But in this section of the road, there is an extremely fabulous and magnificent view which makes those of us who are going and have gone through it feel glorious and hallowed. It is a feel only those strongly-determined people are capable of enjoying.The Yangtze River and Yellow River stand well for our national spirit. They run into deserts and mountains, and mightily they run. They develop into huge muddy streams and vigorously they dash and roar down thousands of miles. The current crisis can never stop our nation from advancing forward. Strongly determined, we should sing a march and, accompanied by this touching and tragic song, we march through this rugged and rough section of the road. In life, nothing can be happier than to build a new country while the nation is having bad luck.注释（蒋）本文篇幅虽短，但语调悲壮激昂，充分表现了李大钊文章的鼓动性和雄浑气势。
