英美文学选读考题分析（转贴）
在自考的全部专业中，英语本科的淘汰率一直高居“榜首”，同时《英美文学选读》又是整个本科专业的瓶颈课程。我们随机抽取了两刀（40本）试卷进行统计，发现该门课程的通过率大致在12%左右，可能是自考全部课程最低的。绝大部分成绩徘徊在40分到58分之间，大约占了44.7%。我们批改到的最高分大约是82分，成绩相当出色！
一、试卷构成
《英美文学选读》全国卷由四部分组成：第一部分是40分的选择题，每题1分，覆盖面十分广泛。从以往几次试卷来看，该部分主要考核英美文学史，也包括少量选读中的内容，多属于常识性知识，例如今年14题要求辨别If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?的作者；2001年11题要求辨别It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure done with caves of ice.的作者和出处；还有每年必定会有一题考核作品中出现的人物，例如2001年第8题是Sheridan’s The School for Scandal中的人物，今年28题是The Scarlet Letter的人物。由于内容大多属于大纲中的“识记”性知识，不需要多少理解，因此正确率相应比较高。但有时题目的切入点十分灵活比如2001年第6题，需要考生有较好的基本功。
第二部分是四道共16分的阅读理解。考题内容均取自选读部分，一般是两篇诗歌，两篇小说，要求指出：A）作者和作品出处（1分） B）作品中具体某个词或词组的确切意义（1分） C）表述该选段的思想内容（2分）。考生需要认真研读作品，和作品后面的注释，平时做一些读书笔记。
第三部分是四道共24分的简答题，内容的跨越比较大，既有阅读理解部分的延伸，也有某一时期的文学思潮，还有对某一断代史的简论，答对率非常低。
第四部分是两题共20分的问答题。一般是某个重要作家或作品的特色以及对他们的评价。
二、试卷评析
文学术语（俗称的名词解释）是基本的文学常识，是对文学中共性问题的抽象概括，因此对于这些术语不可等闲视之。尽管全国卷没有单列的文学术语考核（省卷的题型可能不同），但是可能糅合在选择题中和第三部分的简答中。比较重要的名词解释有：所有以-ism结尾的名词，各个时期的文学运动，heroic couplet, Gothic novel, Byronic hero, Lost Generation, dramatic monologue, stream of consciousness, metaphysical poets等等，考生可以自己总结。本套试卷中1），26），37）等题目就从不同侧面考核了对术语的了解；其中第1）题考文学题材romance，对于这个题材我们要了解以下要点：流行于中世纪欧洲各国popular literary form in the medieval period；讲述骑士的英雄经历knightly adventures or other heroic deeds；题材往往是英雄救美的故事Romantic love is an important part of the plot.而形式是叙述性韵文narrative verse or prose（P3）。
第2）题答错的比较少，考生一般总会将Chaucer和The Canterbury Tales联系起来。尽管教材中没有出现中古时期的文学选读，但是这两个时期的文学发展脉络必须十分清晰，该题目早在2001年就出现过。另外的三部作品都是中世纪的重要作品，其中Piers Plowman的作者 William Langland是当时十分具有现实主义的作家；Sir Gawain and the Green Knight是用英国北部方言书写的，压头韵，作者至今是个谜；Confessio Amantis（《一个情人的忏悔》）的作者是John Gower。
4）题考核了莎士比亚Sonnet 18的主题思想，该十四行诗着重描写友人的美貌，同时说明诗歌能使人的美丽横古常新，因此我们可以排除A，B和D。由于此首诗歌十分重要，我们需要补充几个注释：1）sometime:
在莎翁时代等于sometimes；2)fair from fair:第一个fair是beautiful thing，第二个fair等于抽象名词beauty；3）最后一行的this指my poetry；life意immortality。
6）也是莎士比亚的作品，有许多人判断错误。本段的内容并没有什么难度，不需要上下文就可以判断，其中第二行的Which相当于Who，这是莎翁英语和现代英语不同的地方；最后一行的by理解为present。Bass 的话只是在做陈述，而 Portia的回答才是关键，可以判断出带有“讽刺”意味。
7）的答案是B，错误的考生比较多，关键是考生没有熟悉这首诗歌。“玄学”派诗歌往往有“声东击西”的特点，正如教材所述：It begins with a certain idea but ends in quite a contrary one（P66）. The Sun Rising一诗分为三个部分，In Stanza 1 the lover addresses the sun directly, as a “busy old fool”, and asks why it bothers to shine in on him and his love, who will not be pressured by its time keeping. In Stanza 2, the poet uses hyperbolic extension to dispose of space and asks the sun to agree his love is better than all treasure. Stanza 3 extends the hyperbolic comparison even further to praise this lady ---“she is all States, and all Princes”.
8)菲尔丁在文学中的地位越来越重要，原因是近年来国内外叙事学研究的进一步深入。Fielding是一个时代的开始，在他之前英国文学的题材主要是按以下方式发展的：古民谣ballad, 传奇文学romance, 叙事诗narrative poem, 散文essay和戏剧 play。一直到了十八世纪，英国才出现“小说”novel这一新的文学题材。对这一题材做出贡献的有教材中的Daniel Defore, Henry Fielding以及Samuel Richardson，因此教材中注明菲尔丁是Father of the English Novel(p.121)；同时比较重要的还有1）菲尔丁四部小说的名称以及大致的内容2）comic epic in prose 3)the third person narration。
9）考核Swift的内容，关于该作家可以提及的有：1）有关“风格”的定义 proper words in proper places 2）作为讽刺名篇的A Modest Proposal 3）Gulliver’s Travels中的四个场景Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island和 Houyhnhnm；这四个场景不需要记忆，只需要识别，2001年试卷的6）题就考到了最后一个场景中的Yahoo。
12）Wordsworth在英国文学史中是一个举足轻重的人物。首先，浪漫主义和古典主义的分水岭就是他的那篇Lyrical Ballads，其次，在1800年的版本中，他发表了Prelude，阐述自己对诗歌的见解，吹响了浪漫主义的号角manifesto，其中他认为诗歌是the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ,which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity(P161)。教材的179页的最后两段就是他的文学主张，故该题的D是有悖于浪漫主义的。对于Wordsworth的四篇作品我们必须认真研读。浪漫主义诗人对“诗”的不同理解，以及nature和imagination在诗歌中的作用都是该时期的重点。
13）Keats的两首颠峰之作 Ode to a Nightingale和Ode on a Grecian Urn要求考生非常熟悉，尤其是诗歌的主题思想（即下面15题）。济慈挚爱一切自然和美的事物，曾说过：A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.而Beauty is truth, truth beauty.更是他的名chard Sheridan ，错误的原因在于考生只留意试题中的since Shakespear而没有考虑后面出现的social criticism，因为“社会批判”是在十九世纪末开始的，而非谢立丹的十八世纪；C）Oscar Wilde虽然也是十九世纪的剧作家，但是他与“社会批判”还有一定的距离，许多人可能记得他的唯美主义名言art for art’s sake，因此可以排除他。正确的答案在教材的318页。
22）Modernism现代主义是本教材的又一个重点内容，尽管作品通常比较晦涩难懂，但是现代主义的基本
特色还是清晰的。首先，它的理论基础是irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis；其次，主题和内容是distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.这就是C的内容；再次，现代派作家侧重描写个人的内心活动和主观世界即concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective 也就是备选项A的内容，其中A中的介词over应理解为“而非、不是”的意思。最后，现代派作品更加注重形式和技巧的革新，反对一切形式的理性主义，和现实主义彻底决裂；它们打破了传统文学中的时空观，强调psychic time；宣扬屏弃一切文学的基本要素例如story, character, plot and chronological narration，因此他们的作品又被成为“反小说”，“反诗歌”等，D）表达了这个意思。只有B是试题要求的答案。
25）题的答案在书的407页，文选部分的上方：Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at once made unforgettable.和A的内容相似。其中C、D可以马上排除，因为教材406页已经说明：We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.有关Irving的内容需要和英国文学中Marlowe的作品一同记忆。前者的两部作品Rip Van Winkle和The Legend of Sleepy Hollow尽管被称为Spanish Sketch Book，但是他的创作灵感来自于German legends，恰好和后者的戏剧Dr. Faustus一样。
28）Nathaniel Hawthorne是近几十年来美国文学研究的热点之一，也是一个较有争议的作家，爱默生曾说他的小说“一无用处”。然而该作家给我们提供了广阔的研究空间，在以后的几次考试中很有可能出成大题。教材中的以下内容要注意：
霍桑特别关注人类的interior of the heart，他把现实社会中的许多问题归结为“人类的罪恶天性”，努力去探索人们心中“恶”便成了他作品的主题，他说There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.
而“恶”的一个来源，按他的看法就是自作聪明的知识分子overreaching intellect（2001年试卷35题）；他揭示的手段往往是寓言式的，使用多种象征手法，例如《红字》A就有多种意义，而里面的Pearl就是该书最大的主题象征。
考生反映说，考题前三个人物Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth教材上没有，属于超纲内容。但是考生只要记住Pearl就可以做出正确的推断。
32）的答案在书500页的页端。对于这个作家我们必须扩展起来。为了教学的方便，美国现实主义文学的三巨头Howells, James 和Twain（见考题30）我们经常相提并论，但是他们之间却有许多不同（见书
PP474-475），考生要自己整理成文。尽管其他两位作家时常嘲讽欧洲风情，但H.James却是欧洲古老文明的崇拜和捍卫者an admirer of ancient European civilization，原因是多方面的，一是他的家庭不同于其他作家，他的祖父是美国最富有的人之一，使James具有接受高等教育的可能；他的父亲和欧洲的许多名流交往，特别是他的弟弟威廉更是著名的实用主义哲学家，提出了“意识流”理论，因此James的作品语言晦涩，对读者的要求比较高，正如教材所述He is often highly refined and insightful.二是他经常来往于新、旧两个大陆，所以他的作品主题与其他作家不同：James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America…（见书497页）。还有James同时也是一位批评家，著有The Art of Fiction一书，他对文学批评做出的贡献有：1）forerunner of stream of consciousness 2）founder of psychological realism 3）point of view（请与Fielding的the third person narration结合记忆）。
34）Emily Dickinson和Whitman同是美国诗歌的两座高峰，她的短诗集中体现了对death, nature, immortality, love和religion的思索（见2001年40题），而所有这些都是诗人个人的世界，没有涉及更广阔的范围，因此D)War and peace是不对的。Dickinson的诗歌特点：一、没有标题。二、多破折号(dashes)作为诗歌节奏的手段，多大写字母(capital letters)用于强调。
第一部分的全部答案如下：
1） B 2）D 3）C 4）C 5）D 6）A 7）B 8）B
9） A 10）C 11）D 12）D 13）D 14）D 15）B 16）B
17）D 18）C 19）A 20）A 21）D 22）B 23）B 24）A
25）A 26）C 27）B 28）A 29）C 30）C 31）C 32）D
33）C 34）D 35）D 36）A 37）A 38）A 39）C 40）B
第二部分的答案如下：
41
A. John Galsworthy: The Man of Property
B. A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.
C. It presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife’s coldness. He can never know what is on his wife’s mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband’s possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife’s mind is as good as saying that he really can’t regard her as his property---this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.
42.
A. T.S.Eliot: The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock
B. The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.
C. Here, Prufrock’s inability to do anything against the society he is in it made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison. Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This image vividly shows Prufrock’s current predicament.
43
A. Wahington Irving : Rip Van Winkle
B. The social environment is changed
C. When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years, he finds that everything has
changed. All those old values are gone, and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society. One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change, improvement, and progress could subvert a stable society.
44
A. Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken
B. Many many years later.
C. The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in hislife. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader: “Make good choice of your life.”
以上A，B各1分，C部分2分。
第三部分
45 A. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
B. It is usually concerned with moral, religious, political, symbolic or mythical ideas.
说明：仅A点全对的就很少。不过有些考生答了Moby Dick, Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown，Gulliver’s Travels都是正确的，但是Paradise Lost不属于寓言。判断寓言其中第一个标准看它是否
有两层意义：An allegory refers to a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning. In written form, allegory involves a continuous parallel between two levels of meaning.后一部分只要谈到moral, religious, political就可以了。
46A. The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe.
B. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the
freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.
说明：本题考核的内容明显超纲了，只有一位考生几乎全对，三位考生大致正确。教材中只提到了卢梭，
而没有歌德的内容，从世界文学的范围来看，提到浪漫主义，首先想到卢梭（1712-1778），在他的作品《新爱洛漪丝》中，对自然、情感和自我的颂扬，以及宣扬的感情至上，都为19世纪的浪漫主义作家所继承，因此是浪漫主义的先驱。紧接着德国的狂飙突进运动The Storm and Stress Movement为整个欧洲的浪漫
主义开辟了道路，在这个运动中起重要作用的是Goethe(1749-1832)和Schiller(1759-1805)，而前者的作品就是著名的《少年维特之烦恼》。绝大部分考生都写了Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron等，这些都是leading writers而不是great shapers of thought。
以上两题A点2分，B点4分。
47
A. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.
B. To Ishmael, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.
C. As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God’s vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object of profound curiosity for the reader.
说明：一般来将考生只要按三点分别讲述就可以了，不必像答案这么全面。但是许多同学只谈了一个方面，是不够的。
48
A. The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.
B. According to Emerson, it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.
C. He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.
说明：以上两题每点3分，最高不超过6分。
第四部分：49题
A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.
B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “ spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were(Wordsworth’s “ I Wandered as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,” or Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.
C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind(emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)
50题
A. Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850
Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it: One is an ignorant, uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.
The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as much as he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.
During their journey,they experience a series of adventures: coming across two frauds, the “Duke”and the “King”, witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom’s coming to rescue.
B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft’s journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.
以上A、B各5分。需要注意的是答案仅是参考，考生无须完全按照答案要求，只要能够有理有据，自圆其说就可以有高分。
三、学习方法
经过我们的教学观察，《英美文学选读》学习过程中暴露出来的问题有：
1）教材不便于自学。许多考生反映，如果没有经验十分丰富的教师指导，自学只能停留在教材的前30-40页，无法继续下去。书中的古代诗歌占了相当的比重，然而古诗词的注解太少，考生对中古英语的句法和诗歌的基本特征不了解（例如2000年41题涉及“格”和“音步”问题），相当的词汇在一般词
典上查不到，学生看不懂，甚至部分教师也不明白，例如The Faerie Queene中 Upon a great adventure he was bond(P16)中bond的意思不明确； Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand（P18）enforst 字典上查不到。其实在当时的英语中前者相当于bound，后者是 enforced的变体。莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》有一句Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew/ Thou mak’st thy knife keen.(2000年19题)，为什么答案说是双关的修辞手法？书上却没有答案！关键在于sole和soul谐音，前者是指在“鞋底”，后者说是在“心头”磨刀，暗指心比石头还坚硬。所有这些都对自考学生带来了许多阻碍，尤其是偏远地区的考生，他们一无参考资料，二无教师请教，苦难相当大。
但是另一方面，考生的学习指导思想还停留在大专的方式上，希望教材能提供一切，这是十分错误的。本科段的大纲要求我们在这个阶段要培养：具有从事科学研究的初步能力。也就是说我们要善于自己发现问题和解决问题。我们要学会充分使用图书馆和各种工具书，我们列举一些参考书供大家选择：
1）陈嘉《英国文学史》四册商务印书馆
2）陈嘉《英国文学作品选读》三册商务印书馆
3）杨岂深《英国文学选读》三册上海译文出版社
4）杨岂深《美国文学选读》三册上海译文出版社
5）裘克安《莎士比亚注释丛书》商务印书馆
6）王佐良《英国文学名篇选注》商务印书馆
7）王佐良《英国诗选》上海译文出版社
8）辜正坤《英文名篇鉴赏金库诗歌卷》天津人民出版社
9）刘炳善〈〈简明英国文学史〉〉河南人民出版社
二、学校、考生的课程安排不科学。一些社会助学单位由于不了解英语专业的特点，往往在课程的安排上简单地从开考计划出发，安排课程设置，例如在四月份的课程刚结束，就进入《英美文学选读》的学习，
希望在当年的十月份进行考试，学习的时间仅仅只有五个多月；还有相当的考生是从其他专业转报的，英语的基本功薄弱，他们从本科的第一学期就开始学该门课程，固守着专科的学习方式来看待本科的课程学习，同样是非常错误的。
《英美文学选读》属于高年级课程。在全日制高校中，一般是三、四年级的两年
时间里学完。对于自考生来将，我们建议大家先学《高级英语》，《英语词汇学》和《英语语法》，同时穿插其他的课程，例如《翻译》、《写作》和《英美文学选读》，但是考试最好安排在稍后的时间，目的是让考生先流利地掌握一些语言点，这些内容和基本功对文学的欣赏会起一定的促进作用。
三、学习方法过于僵化。从第一部分的试卷构成可以看出，复习的时候绝对不能搞什么单??的基础上再研读重点作家的作品。文学史的部分和选读的部分同等重要，不可偏废；考生可以先从“史”出发，以点带面，将作家串联起来。当教材进入“浪漫主义时期”之后，英国文学可以美国文学齐头并进，要求同学进行横向比较，例如要求同学自己整理英国浪漫主义和美国浪漫主义的“异”与“同”，美国现代主义和英国现代主义的联系。如此一来，学生产生了兴趣，也牢固记忆了各时期的作家。培养在熟读的基础上打破时间的界限，进行横向和纵向的对比的能力，学会自己进行罗列和总结。每一个时期的文学导言十分重要，也是考核的重点。
全国自考2018年7月英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答) PART ONE(40 POINTS) I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. Of all the eighteenth—century British novelists ______ was the first to set out，both in theory and practice，to write specially a “comic epic in prose”，the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A. Thomas Gray B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan C. Jonathan Swift D. Henry Fielding 2. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” established ______ as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day，especially “the Graveyard School”. A. Thomas Gray B. Samuel Johnson C. John Bunyan D. John Milton 3. “Do you think, because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless?... And if God had gifted me with some beauty，and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me. as it is now for me to leave you. ”The quoted part is taken from ______. A. Great Expectations B. Wuthering Heights C. Jane Eyre D. Pride and Prejudice 4. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______. A. Francis Bacon B. Christopher Marlowe 1
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift
英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A
英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩：87.5分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9710156643.html,wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces. A、The Rainbow，Women in Love B、The Rainbow，Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案：A 考生答案：A 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land. A、―Prufrock‖ B、―Gerontion‖ C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads （P358.para3）―Gerontion‖是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9710156643.html,wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ). A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ). A、Man and Superman，The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart，Widowers’ House （P321-322）。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House，写于1892年；第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession，写于1893年。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that https://www.doczj.com/doc/9710156643.html,wrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.
Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.
《英美文学选读》模拟试题（一） 一、单项选择题 1.The excerpt from Chapter 10 of Sons and Lovers ends with the conflict between Paul and his mother. The conflict is possibly caused by Paul and his mother’s different views towards _____. A. Paul’s father B. art C. life D. Paul’s brother 2.The _____ can be regarded as one of the themes of Joyce’s story “Araby”. A. loss of innocence 在所有有關童年故事中，孩子都是同叔叔同姨媽同住，父母則不在身邊—這便是一種象征，象征父母與孩子之間骨肉親情的隔絕和一種正常關系的缺 失. B. childish love C. awareness of harsh life D. false sentimentality 錯誤的多愁善感 3.After reading “Araby”, one more feel the story has a _____ tone. A. joyous B. harsh C. solemn D. painful 4.In “Araby”, Joyce’s diction evokes a sort of _____ quality that characterizes the boy on this otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip. A. religious B. moral C. sentimental D. vulgar 5.The major concern of _____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. A. D. H. Lawrence’s B. J. Galsworthy’s C. W. Thackeray’s D. T. Hardy’s 6.The mission of _____ drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
《英美文学选读》模拟试题（二） 一、单项选择题 1.D. Father and son in the medieval period, it is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive _____ picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of valid _________ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales”. A. visionary/women B. romantic/men C. realistic/characters D. natural/figures 2.Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the _____ of all things. A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 3.Many people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___________ and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _____. A. Christians/Jews B. Jews/Christians C. oppressors/oppressed D. people/Jews 傳統的理論認為該劇的主題是褒揚安東尼奧Antonio與巴塞尼奧Bassanio之間的友誼，贊美鮑西婭Portia的完美:美貌，智慧與堅貞，並揭露了Jews--Shylock的貪婪與殘忍 但是經曆了几個世紀對對Jews不會平的待遇,今天許多人將該劇的主題看作chritains的hypocrisy ,為追求世俗利益而不擇手段以及對Jews不公正的偏見 補充閱讀 1) Bassanio——Portia 2) Antonio——Shylock The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship betweem Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of greate beaulity, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality o f the Jew. Tody, many people tend to regard the play as a satire of the christians’ hypocrisy and their false standards of frindship and love, their cunning way of pursuing worldliness(俗心, 俗气) and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.
英美文学选读试题 Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet. 1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaiss sance Movement? A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture. B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology. C.The Glorious revolution. D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5.“And we wil l sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.”The above lines are probably taken from __. A.Spenser's The Faerie Queene B.John Donne's “The Sun Rising” C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18” D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” 6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, My wife, and all the world. Are not with me esteem'd above thy life; I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all, Here to the devil, to deliver you. Portia:Y our wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of V enice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____. A.dramatic irony B.personification C.allegory D.symbolism 7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,” is to ___. A.attack the sun as an unruly servant B.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beauty C.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private life D. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie 8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A.tragic epic https://www.doczj.com/doc/9710156643.html,ic epic
全国2018年7月自考英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上（全部题目用英文作答） PART ONE (40 POINTS) I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____. A. The Enclosure Movement B. The Protestant Reformation C. The Enlightenment Movement D. The Chartist Movement 2. Daniel Defoe’s works are all the following EXCEPT_____. A. Moll Flanders B. A Tale of a Tub C. A Journal of the Plague Year D. Colonel Jack 3. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of _____. A. John Donne B. Alexander Pope C. Christopher Marlowe D. John Milton 4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____. A. A Midsummer Night’s Dream B. The Merchant of Venice C. As You Like It D. Twelfth Night 5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____. A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise Regained C. Samson Agonistes D. Areopagitica 6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true? A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France. B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries. C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and artistic ideas. D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education. 7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____. A. being precise B. being direct C. being flexible D. being satiric
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理 [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1、Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance、人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2、 the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things、人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3、 Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy、人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4、 Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English
Network Education College, BLCU 《英美文学选读》模拟试卷一 注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。 2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。 3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。 4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。 I.Multiple Choice. (1 point for each, altogether 30 points) Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word that you think best complete the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of_______. [A] Piers Plowman [B] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight [C] Confessio Amantis [D] The Canterbury Tales 2. In "After Apple- Picking," Robert Frost wrote: "For I have had too much / Of apple -picking: I am overtired/ Of the great harvest I myself desired." From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is_______. [A] happy about the harvest [B] still very much interested in apple-picking [C] expecting a greater harvest [D] indifferent to what he once desired 3.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,_______became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. [A] Sentimentalism [B] romanticism [C] realism [D] naturalism 4. Of the following American poets in the twentieth century, the one who has the best knowledge of Chinese culture is _______. [A] Robert Frost [B] Allen Ginsberg [C] Ezra Pound [D] Cummings 5. _______is the first important governess novel in the English literary history. [A] Jane Eyre [B] Emma [C] Wuthering Heights [D] Middlemarch 6. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their_______. [A] indestructible spirit [B] pessimistic view of life [C] war experiences [D] masculinity 7. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’Ode to a Nightingale? _______