汽车automobile
拖拉机tractor
铁路机车locomotive
有轨电车tram
无轨电车trolley
军用车辆military vehicle
蒸汽机steam engine
煤气机gas engine
汽油机gasoline engine
国民经济national economy
国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down
半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down
改革开放reform and opening
技术引进technical import
国产化localization
支柱产业pillar estate
轿车car
客车bus, coach
货车truck, lorry
公路用车road vehicle
非公路用车off-road vehicle
发动机engine
机体engine body
曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism
供给系fuel supply system
冷却系cooling system
润滑系lubricating system
点火系ignition system
起动系starting system
底盘chassis
传动系power train
离合器clutch
变速器gear box
传动轴propeller shaft
驱动桥drive axle
行驶系running gear
车架frame
悬架suspension
前轴front axle
桥壳axle housing
车轮wheel
转向系steering system
转向盘steering wheel
转向器steering gear
转向传动装置steering linkage
助力装置power assisting device
制动系braking system
控制装置control device
供能装置power supply device
传动装置transfer device
制动器brake
车身body
车前板制件front end panels
车身壳体body shell
车门door
车窗window
附属装置auxiliary device
货箱carrying platform
发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive
发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive
发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive
发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive
驱动力tractive force
阻力resistance
滚动阻力rolling resistance
空气阻力air resistance, drag
上坡阻力gradient resistance
附着作用adhesion
附着力adhesive force
附着系数coefficient of adhesion
第一章发动机工作原理
二冲程发动机two stroke engine
四冲程发动机four stroke engine
水冷发动机water cooled engine
风冷发动机air cooled engine
上止点(UDP) upper dead point
下止点(LDP) lower dead point
活塞行程stroke
汽缸直径bore
工作容积working volume
排量swept volume, displacement
进气行程intake stroke
压缩行程compression stroke
压缩比compression ratio
做功行程working stroke
爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock 排气行程exhaust stroke
示功图indicating diagram
汽缸体cylinder block
汽缸盖cylinder head
油底壳oil sump
活塞piston
连杆connecting rod
曲轴crankshaft
飞轮flywheel
进气门intake valve
排气门exhaust valve
挺柱tappet
推杆push rod
摇臂rocker
凸轮轴camshaft
正时齿轮timing gear
燃油箱fuel tank
燃油泵fuel pump
汽油滤清器gasoline filter
化油器carburetor
空气滤清器air cleaner
进气管intake manifold
排气管exhaust manifold
火花塞spark plug
点火线圈ignition coil
断电器breaker
蓄电池storage battery
发电机generator
水泵water pump
散热器radiator
风扇fan
放水阀drain valve
水套water jacket
分水管distributive pipe
机油泵oil pump
集滤器suction filter
限压阀relief valve
润滑油道oil passage
机油滤清器oil filter
机油冷却器oil cooler
起动机starting motor
有效功率effective power
有效转矩effective torque
燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption
发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic
节气门开度throttle percentage
部分特性partial characteristic
外特性outer characteristic
第二章曲柄连杆机构
汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner
发动机支承engine mounting
活塞顶piston top
活塞头部piston head
活塞裙piston skirt
开槽slot
活塞环piston ring
气环compression ring
油环oil ring
环槽groove
活塞销piston pin
主轴承main bearing
主轴承盖main bearing cap
主轴瓦main shell
连杆轴承big end bearing
连杆盖big end cap
起动爪cranking claw
带轮pulley
平衡重counter weight
发火顺序firing order
扭振减振器torsional vibration damper
第三章配气机构
顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve
顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft
单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine
气门间隙valve clearance
配气相位timing phase
气门杆valve stem
气门座valve seat
气门导管valve guide
气门弹簧valve spring
第四章汽油机供给系
可燃混合气combustion mixture
消声器silencer, muffler
汽油gasoline, petrol
分馏distil
蒸发性evaporating property
热值heat value
抗爆性anti-knock property
辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number 过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气theoretical mixture
稀混合气thin mixture
浓混合气thick mixture
主供油系统main supply system
怠速系统idle system
加浓系统thickening system
加速系统accelerating system
浮子float
浮子室float chamber
针阀needle valve
量孔metering jet
阻风门choke
滤芯filter cartridge
沉淀杯sediment cup
泵膜pump diaphragm
油浴式oil bath type
石棉垫a**estos pad
预热pre-heating
汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection 电控electronic control
多点喷射muti-point injection
单点喷射single point injection
电路控制circuit control
分电器信号distributor signal
空气流量信号airflow signal
冷却水温信号water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系
输油泵transfer pump
喷油泵fuel injection pump
高压油管high pressure fuel pipe
发火性ignition property
黏度viscosity
凝点condensing point
备燃期pri-combustion period
速燃期rapid combustion period
缓燃期slow combustion period
燃烧室combustion chamber
统一燃烧室united chamber
球形燃烧室ball shape chamber
涡流室turbulence chamber
预燃室pri-combustion chamber
喷油器injector
精密偶件precise couple
柱塞plunger
出油阀delivery valve
调速器governor
两速调速器two speed governor
全速调速器full speed governor
定速调速器fixed speed governor
综合调速器combined governor
气动调速器pneumatic governor
机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor
喷油提前角调节装置advancer
飞块flyweight
联轴节coupling
粗滤清器primary filter
细滤清器secondary filter
涡轮增压器turbocharger
中间冷却器intermediate cooler
第七章冷却系
节温器thermostat
防冻液anti-freezing liquid
补偿水桶compensation reservoir
V-带V belt
百叶窗shutter
大循环big circulation
小循环small circulation
散热翅片fins
第八章润滑系
润滑剂lubricant
压力润滑pressure lubrication
飞溅润滑splash lubrication
润滑脂grease
机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor
油封oil seal
旁通阀bypass valve
机油散热器oil cooler
机油尺dip stick
加机油口oil filler
曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation
第九章点火系
一次绕组primary winding
二次绕组secondary winding
热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance
点火提前ignition advance
分电器distributor
活动触点moving contact
固定触点fixed contact
分火头distributor rotor arm
电容器condenser
点火提前装置ignition advancer
离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer
辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier
中心电极central electrode
侧电极side electrode
瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator
跳火间隙spark gap
半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system
晶体管transistor
二极管diode
三极管triode
无触点点火系non-contact ignition system
霍尔效应Hall effect
正极板anode
负极板cathode
隔板separator
电解液electrolyte
蓄电池格battery cell
接线柱terminal
电缆cable
硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor
转子rotor
定子stator
电刷brush
风扇叶轮fan blade
电压调节器voltage regulator
第十章起动系
手摇起动cranking
电热塞electric heater plug
串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor
起动齿圈starter ring
电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control
第十一章新型发动机
三角活塞triangular piston
转子发动机rotary engine
自转rotary motion, rotation
公转orbit motion
轨迹trajectory
齿轮gear
齿圈ring gear
往复零件reciprocal parts
动平衡dynamic balance
燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine
第十二章汽车传动系
机械式传动系mechanical transmission
液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission
静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission
电力式传动系electrical transmission
自动式传动系automatic transmission
减速reduction
可变速比variable ratios
有级变速definite ratios
无级变速indefinite ratios
无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission 一般布置general layout
发动机横置lateral engine positioning
分动器transfer case, transfer box
第十三章离合器
接合柔和smooth engagement
分离彻底thorough separation
过载overload
摩擦表面friction surface
摩擦衬片friction liner
毂hub
主动部分driving part
从动部分driven part
花键spline
压盘pressure plate
离合器盖cover plate
分离杠杆release lever
分离套筒release sleeve
分离轴承release bearing
主缸master cylinder
工作缸working cylinder
分离叉release fork
间隙调整clearance adjustment
打滑slip
踏板pedal
踏板自由行程pedal free stroke
踏板工作行程pedal working stroke
铆钉，铆接rivet
双片离合器dual disc clutch
中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch
膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear
第十四章变速器与分动器
输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft
倒挡轴reverse gear shaft
常啮合constant mesh
低速挡low gear
高速挡high gear
最高速挡top gear
空挡neutral gear
一挡the first gear
二挡the second gear
三挡the third gear
倒挡reverse gear
直接挡direct gear
超速挡overdrive
动力输出power take-off
换挡shift
啮合套sliding sleeve
同步器synchronizer
同步锥面synchro cone
变速杆shifting lever
手柄handle
球铰链ball joint
换挡拨叉shifting fork
自锁self-lock
互锁inter-lock
变速驱动桥transaxle
加力挡low gear
第十五章液力机械传动
液力偶合器hydraulic coupling
泵轮impeller
涡轮turbine
叶片blade
液力变矩器torque converter
导轮stator
行星齿轮系planetary gear system
太阳轮sun gear
行星轮planet pinion
行星架planet carrier
齿圈ring gear
第十六章传动轴
万向节universal joint, U-joint
十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint
叉子yoke, fork
十字轴spider, center cross
滚针轴承needle bearing
滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple
等角速constant angular velocity
双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint
球叉式万向节Weiss type U-joint
球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint
星形套inner race housing
球形壳outer race shell
保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage
挠性万向节flexible U-joint
无缝钢管seamless steel tube
第十七章驱动桥
主减速器final drive
主动（小）齿轮drive pinion
从动（大）齿轮ring gear
伞齿轮bevel gear
双曲面齿轮hypoid gear
单级减速single reduction
双级减速double reduction
贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive
双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive
轮边减速器wheel reduction
差速器differential
半轴齿轮differential side gear
差速锁differential lock
轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock
托森差速器torque sensitive differential
本文来自: 中国汽车工程师之家( https://www.doczj.com/doc/9b8261211.html, ) 详细出处：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9b8261211.html,/thread-50127-1-1.html
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
汽车专业英语大纲内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 学时/学分： 32/2 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：汽车电子技术专业 课程所属系部：汽车工程系 批准日期：2014年5月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。 （二）课程定位 《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。 通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。 二、课程教学目标 《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。 （一）知识目标 1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词； 2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构； 3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。 （二）能力目标 通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示 当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。 2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进 入企业后应用较多的内容。 3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工 作实际的实例。 4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语 会话。 （三）素质目标 通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法， 1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力； 2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展 抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。 3、养成严谨求实的科学态度以及质疑和独立思考的学习习惯。 4、使学生具备正确的价值观与评定事物的能力，具备一定的英文语言表达能 力以及与人交往沟通的能力。 5、培养学生爱岗敬业、团结协作、吃苦耐劳的职业精神与创新设计的意识。? 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
汽车专业英语大纲 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 学时/学分： 32/2 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：汽车电子技术专业 课程所属系部：汽车工程系 批准日期：2014年5月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。 （二）课程定位 《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。 通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。 二、课程教学目标 《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。 （一）知识目标 1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词； 2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构； 3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。 （二）能力目标 通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。 2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进入企业后应用较多的内容。 3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工作实际的实例。 4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语会话。 （三）素质目标 通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法， 1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力； 2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。 3、养成严谨求实的科学态度以及质疑和独立思考的学习习惯。 4、使学生具备正确的价值观与评定事物的能力，具备一定的英文语言表达能力以及与人交往沟通的能力。 5、培养学生爱岗敬业、团结协作、吃苦耐劳的职业精神与创新设计的意识。 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配
unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive（or propeller）shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3
汽车专业英语 主编：李崑 课后专业词汇汇总（带音标） 汇总：徐艳民 1 automobile ['?:t?m?ubi:l, ,?:t?m?'bi:l]汽车（美） assembly line [?'sembli]装配线 petroleum refining [pi'tr?uli?m, p?-]石油提炼 body and frame车身与车架 engine ['end?in] 发动机、引擎 drive line 传动系统 running gear 控制装置 suspension[s?'spen??n]悬架系统 unitized body ['ju:nitaizd]整体式车身 gasoline engine ['ɡ?s?li:n]汽油机 diesel engine ['di:z?l]柴油机 gas turbine['t?:bain, -bin]燃气轮机 battery ['b?t?ri]电池、电池组 fuel cell燃料电池 hybrid power ['haibrid][pau?]混合动力系统 piston ['pist?n]活塞 rotary engine ['r?ut?ri]转子发动机 vehicle ['vi:ikl, 有时发'vi:hi-]交通工具、车辆 transmission [tr?nz'mi??n, tr?ns-, trɑ:n-]变速器 drive shaft传动轴 differential [,dif?'ren??l]差速器 rear axle ['?ks?l]后轴、后桥 rear-wheel drive后轮驱动 front-wheel drive 前轮驱动 braking system 制动系统 wheel车轮 tire 轮胎 steering system 转向系统 spring [sp ri?]弹簧 shock absorber [??k] [?b's?:b?]减震器 Macpherson strut [m?k'f?:sn] [str?t]麦弗逊式悬架 torsion bar ['t?:??n]扭力杆 strut rod 支撑杆 stabilizer bar ['steibilaiz?]横向稳定杆 2 internal combustion engine [in't?:n?l] [k?m'b?st??n] ['end?in]内燃机 fuel 燃料 external combustion engine [ik'st?:n?l]外燃机 steam engine 蒸汽机 intermittent combustion engine[,int?'mit?nt]间隔燃烧式发动机 continuous combustion engine [k?n'tinju?s]连续燃烧式发动机 turbine engine ['t?:bain, -bin]涡轮发动机 rocket engine ['r?kit]火箭发动机 jet (or reaction) engine喷气式发动机 Wankel engine汪克尔发动机、转子发动机 stroke [str?uk]冲程、行程 cooling system冷却系统 fuel system燃料系统 ignition system [iɡ'ni??n]点火系统 spark-ignition engine 火花点燃式发动机 compression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机 liquid-cooled 用液体冷却的、水冷的 air-cooled 用空气冷却的、风冷的 3 cylinder block 气缸体 cylinder ['silind?]气缸 connecting rod 连杆 crankshaft['kr??k,?ɑ:ft]曲轴 cylinder head气缸盖 combustion chamber[k?m'b?st??n] ['t?eimb?]燃烧室 valve气门、阀 camshaft['k?m?ɑ:ft]凸轮轴 flywheel ['flaiwi:l]飞轮 intake manifold 进气歧管 exhaust manifold ['m?nif?uld]排气歧管 carburetor [,kɑ:bju'ret?, 'kɑ:-]化油器 fuel injector 燃料喷射器 cast iron ['ai?n]铸铁 aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝 cooling fluid 冷却液 spark plug [pl?ɡ]火花塞 intake valve进气门 exhaust valve[iɡ'z?:st]排气门 cam凸轮 gear齿轮 belt皮带 chain链条 overhead camshaft (OHC) 凸轮轴上置式 rpm=revolutions per minute[,rev?'lju:??n]转速、转数/分钟 horsepower ['h?:s,pau?]马力、功率 intake system 进气系统 sensor ['sens?, -s?:]传感器 oxygen sensor ['?ksid??n]氧传感器 fuel induction system[in'd?k??n]燃料吸入系统 4 fuel tank 燃料箱、油箱 fuel line燃料管路 fuel pump 燃料泵、燃油泵 fuel filter [filt?]燃料滤清器 PCM (power train control module) 动力系统控制模块（计算机）
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量，燃料的化学能通过燃烧，转化为热能，这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室，这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外，这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机，热能在燃烧室释放，燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加，燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能，化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.
汽车专业英语复习题 名词翻译： 1、活塞环 piston ring 2、电控系统electronic control system 3、里程表speedometer 4、发动机排量engine capacity 5、自动变速器automatic transmission 6、机油表oil gauge 7、方向盘steering wheel 8、做功冲程power stroke 9、exhaust gas废气 10. electric current电流 11. high gear高速档 12. automobile dealing汽车贸易 13. sports car 跑车 14. instrument panel仪表板 15. accelerator pedal加速踏板 16. physical property 物理性能 17、电子燃油计量系统electronic fuel metering system 18、减速slow down 19、刹车蹄brake shoe 20、General Motor 通用 21、wheel drum 车轮毂 22、TDC 上止点 23、BDC 下止点 翻译（中译英）： 上海汽车工业总公司已与德国大众和美国通用两大汽车公司建立了合资公司。 The Shanghai Auto Industry Corportion has established joint ventures with German V olkswagen and American General Motors. 四冲程发动机—曲柄旋转两圈做功一次。 Four stroke —a power stroke every other revolution of the crank. 液体冷却系由水泵、水套、发动机风扇、散热器等组成。 The liquid cooling system consists of water pumps，water jackets，engine fan ，radiator and so on. 在仪表板上，我们能看见几个显示发动机运转情况的仪表。
1、车辆 vehicle 2、底盘 chassis 3、货车 truck 4、微型货车 mini truck 5、轻型货车 light truck 6、中型货车 medium truck 6、重型货车 heavy duty truck 7、越野汽车 off-road truck 8、自卸汽车 dump truck 9、专用汽车 special purpose vehicle 10、客车 passenger car 11、车长 vehicle length 12、车宽 vehicle width 13、车高 vehicle height 14、轴距 wheel base 15、轮距 tread 16、前悬 front overhang 17、后悬 rear overhang 18、柴油机 diesel 19、汽油机 gasoline fueled engine 20、活塞 piston 21、喷油嘴 nozzle 22、火花塞
spark 23、曲轴 crank shaft 24、分电器 distributor 25、发电机alternator 26、飞轮壳 flywheel housing 27、起动机 starter 28、散热器 radiator 29、凸轮轴camshaft 30、进气门Intake valve 31、排气门 exhaust valve 32、气缸盖 cylinder head 33、水泵 water pump 34、风扇皮带轮 fan pulley 35、活塞环 piston ring 36、机油泵 oil pump 37、离合器 clutch 38、离合器操纵机构 clutch operation 39、飞轮 flywheel 40、从动盘磨擦衬片 clutch plate lining driven plate lining (GB) 41、离合器盖 clutch cover (GB) 42、压盘 pressure plate 43、分离杆 release lever 44、分离套筒 release sleeve 45、从动盘
（6）Maintain correct viscosity (free flowing at all temperatures). 保持正确的粘度（在所有温度下自由流动）。 When the brake fluid boils, it becomes vapor. A vapor can be compressed, but a liquid cannot be compressed. Pressing on the brake pedal will compress the vapor in the lines instead of transferring the pressure through the fluid. This can lead to partial or complete braking system failure, sometimes called brake pedal fade. Mountain driving puts increased duty on brakes and brake fluid. The boiling point drops at high altitude. This naturally increases the tendency towards vapor lock. In fact, vapor lock in the hydraulic braking system is the primary reason for brake pedal fade. 当制动液沸腾时，它变成蒸汽。可以压缩蒸汽，但不能压缩液体。按压制动踏板将压缩管线中的蒸汽，而不是将压力传递通过流体。这可能导致部分或完全制动系统故障，有时称为制动踏板褪色。山地驾驶增加了刹车和制动液的使用。沸点在高海拔下降。这自然增加了气体锁定的趋势。事实上，液压制动系统中的汽油锁是制动踏板褪色的主要原因。 Vehicle manufacturers recommend brake fluid that meets or exceeds SAE (Societyof Automotive Engineers)andDOT (Department of Transportation) specifications. 车辆制造商推荐符合或超过SAE（汽车工程师协会）和DOT（运输部）规格的制动液。 Standard brake fluid (DOT 3) is composed chiefly of equal parts of alcohol and castor oil. This combination of fluids works well under normal conditions but it easily boils and becomes a vapor under heavy-duty applications. It also tends to separate when exposed to low temperatures. 标准制动液（DOT 3）主要由酒精和蓖麻油组成。这种流体组合在正常条件下工作良好，但在重载应用下容易沸腾并成为蒸气。暴露于低温时也容易分离。The increasing requirements of brake fluid led to the development of silicone brake fluid,such as DOT 5. This fluid achieved low water pickup and good corrosion protection and also provides good lubrication qualities and rubber compatibility. 制动液的要求越来越高，导致了DOT 5等硅胶制动液的开发。该液体实现了低吸水率和良好的防腐蚀性能，并且还具有良好的润滑性能和橡胶相容性。 5.Brake valves 5.闸阀 There are typically five types of valves in vehicle braking system to adjust the braking force distribution. 车辆制动系统中通常有五种类型的阀门来调节制动力分布。 (1)Metering valve （1）计量阀 Most vehicles that have front disc and rear drum brakes are equipped with metering valve. This metering valve controls, or delays the flow of brake fluid to the front brakes. The rear drum brakes take longer to respond than the front disc brakes. The valve ensures that front disc brake do not act before the rear drum brake. The delays is long enough to allow the rear drum brakes time to react. This delay is particularly necessary during light braking and on slick road surfaces.
1.These parts can be grouped into four major categories; body, engine, chassis and electrical system. 2.The internal combustion engine is most common; this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. 3.The chassis includes the power train, steering, suspension, and braking systems. 4. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. 5.Basic types are: leaf springs, coil springs and torsion bars. 6. A basic ignition system consists of the battery, low-lension cables, the ignition coil, distributor, coil high-tension cable, spark plug cables and spark plugs. 7.The operating strokes are: induction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke. 8.The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. 9.These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system. 10.The dry clutch mechanism includes three basic parts: driving member, driven member and operating members. 11.The spur gears are mounted on four shafts: primary shaft (input shaft), layshaft (countershaft), mainshaft, and reverse idler shaft. 12.The three types of braking systems are in use today: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarding-braking system. 13.It has five basic parts: the receiver, expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, and condenser. 14.The three normally adjustable angles are caster, camber, and toe. 段落 一．Elements of the Power Train The elements of the power train must meet the following requirements; 1)enable driving away, 2)convert torque and speed, 3)enable different directions of rotation for driving forward and backward, 4)transmit tractive and pushing forces, 5)permit different rotational speeds of the drive wheels when cornering, 6)guarantee optimum operation of the engine (or electric motor ) in terms of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Standstill, driving-away and power interruption are made possible by operation the clutch .During driving away, the clutch slips and bridges the difference in rotational speed between engine and power train. When different operating conditions call for a shift of gear, the clutch separates the power train during shifting. Engine torque and engine speed are converted in the transmission in accordance with the tractive-power demand of the vehicle. The transmission design is influenced by the position of the engine and driven axle. Overall conversion takes place usually in a manually shifted transmission with variable transmission ratios and in a final drive with a constant transmission ratio. Nowadays, positive-locking transmissions with toothed gears as the most important elements are of even greater significance than non-positive friction-type transmissions. Two types of toothed-gear transmission are predominant: spur-gear transmissions of the countershaft type as manually shifted transmissions, and planetary-gear transmissions as power-shift transmissions. In addition, transmissions permit the different directions of rotation required for driving forward and backward. Final drive turns the drive through 90°and reduces the speed of the drive by a set amount to the vehicle. The differential provides for the equalization of the different axle and wheel speeds when cornering and for uniform distribution of the drive torque. 二.The Hydrodynamic Coupling 1. Hydrodynamic Coupling Conventionally, the hydrodynamic coupling, also known as the F?tttinger coupling, has an impeller and a turbine wheel with vanes that usually extend in the radial direction. The impeller is often expanded to form a housing which surrounds the turbine. Since, due to the absence of an inner ring, there is no possibility of diverting the oil flow, the turbine torque is equal to the pump torque; 公式