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第1篇一、引言丰田汽车公司（Toyota Motor Corporation），简称丰田，是一家总部位于日本丰田市的全球知名汽车制造商。
自成立以来，丰田以其卓越的品质、创新的技术和可持续发展的理念在全球汽车行业中占据重要地位。
本文将对丰田企业最新的财务报告进行分析，旨在评估其财务状况、经营成果和未来发展潜力。
二、财务状况分析1. 资产负债表分析根据丰田最新的财务报告，我们可以从以下几个方面对资产负债表进行分析：（1）资产结构丰田的资产主要包括流动资产、非流动资产和无形资产。
流动资产主要包括现金、应收账款和存货等，非流动资产主要包括固定资产、无形资产等。
从资产结构来看，丰田的流动资产占总资产的比例较高，说明其短期偿债能力较强。
（2）负债结构丰田的负债主要包括流动负债和非流动负债。
流动负债主要包括短期借款、应付账款等，非流动负债主要包括长期借款、应付债券等。
从负债结构来看，丰田的流动负债占总负债的比例较高，说明其短期偿债压力较大。
（3）所有者权益丰田的所有者权益主要由股本、资本公积、盈余公积和未分配利润组成。
从所有者权益来看，丰田的股本和资本公积占比较高，说明其资本实力较强。
2. 利润表分析（1）营业收入丰田的营业收入主要来自汽车销售、汽车零部件销售和金融业务等。
近年来，丰田的营业收入持续增长，说明其市场竞争力较强。
（2）营业成本丰田的营业成本主要包括原材料成本、人工成本和制造费用等。
从营业成本来看，丰田的成本控制能力较强，毛利率较高。
（3）净利润丰田的净利润在近年来也呈现出稳定增长的趋势，说明其盈利能力较强。
三、经营成果分析1. 市场份额丰田在全球汽车市场中的份额一直保持领先地位，尤其在亚洲和北美市场表现突出。
近年来，丰田通过加大研发投入、提高产品质量和拓展新市场，进一步巩固了其市场份额。
2. 产品竞争力丰田的产品以其高品质、高性能和低油耗等特点受到消费者的青睐。
在新能源领域，丰田也积极布局，推出了多款混合动力和纯电动车，进一步提升了其产品竞争力。
toyota 战略方法英文回答：Toyota's strategic approach has been instrumental inits success as a global leader in the automotive industry. The company's unique approach, known as the Toyota Production System (TPS), emphasizes continuous improvement, waste reduction, and respect for people.1. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen):Kaizen is a core principle of TPS that focuses on making incremental improvements in all aspects of the organization. This involves empowering employees toidentify areas for improvement and implementing small changes over time. By embracing kaizen, Toyota aims to eliminate inefficiencies, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.2. Waste Reduction:Waste reduction is another key element of TPS. Toyota strives to minimize waste in all its operations, from raw material consumption to production processes. The company uses a variety of methods, such as just-in-time inventory management, to ensure that resources are used efficiently and without waste.3. Respect for People:Toyota values its employees as its most important asset. The company believes that by empowering employees and fostering a culture of teamwork and collaboration, it can achieve greater innovation and productivity. Toyota encourages employees to contribute ideas, take on responsibilities, and continuously develop their skills.4. Long-Term Perspective:Toyota takes a long-term perspective in its decision-making. The company understands that short-term gains may come at the expense of long-term sustainability. Therefore,Toyota makes decisions based on what is best for the company and its stakeholders over the long run. This approach has enabled Toyota to weather economic downturns and maintain a strong financial position.5. Global Reach:Toyota has a global reach with manufacturing and sales operations in over 170 countries. The company recognizes the importance of understanding diverse markets and tailoring its products and services to local needs. Toyota has established strong partnerships with local suppliers and communities to ensure its success in each market.中文回答：丰田战略方法。
公司发展策略模板英语作文Company Development Strategy Template。
Introduction。
In today's rapidly changing business environment, it is crucial for companies to have a well-defined development strategy in place in order to stay competitive and achieve long-term success. A development strategy serves as a roadmap for the company, guiding its growth and expansionin a structured and sustainable manner. In this article, we will discuss a comprehensive company development strategy template that can be used as a starting point for companies looking to create or refine their own development strategy.1. Vision and Mission。
The first step in developing a company development strategy is to clearly define the vision and mission of the company. The vision statement should articulate the long-term goals and aspirations of the company, while themission statement should outline the purpose and valuesthat guide the company's operations. These statements serve as the foundation for the development strategy, providing a clear direction for the company's growth and development.2. SWOT Analysis。
国际化策略英文版Title: Internationalization Strategy: Expanding into Global Markets Introduction:In today's highly interconnected world, companies cannot afford to limit their operations to one domestic market. Internationalization has become a crucial aspect of business growth and expansion. This article will delve into the concept of internationalization strategy and discuss how companies can develop a comprehensive plan to enter and succeed in global markets.1. Market Research and Analysis:The first step in creating an internationalization strategy is conducting thorough market research and analysis. Companies need to identify potential target markets by considering factors such as market size, growth rate, competitive landscape, cultural differences, and regulatory environment. This research will help in making informed decisions about which markets offer the best opportunities for growth and profitability.2. Adaptation and Localization:Once the target markets have been identified, companies must adapt their products or services to suit the preferences and needs of the local consumers. Localization involves customizing marketing messages, product packaging, pricing, and distribution channels. By tailoring their offerings to local tastes and preferences, companies can increase their chances of success in foreign markets.3. Partnering and Collaborations:Entering new markets can be challenging, especially for companieswith limited knowledge and resources. To mitigate these challenges, companies can consider partnering with local businesses or forming collaborations with established companies in the target market. This can provide valuable market insights, access to distribution channels, and help in navigating cultural and regulatory complexities.4. Talent Acquisition and Training:Having the right talent is crucial for implementing an internationalization strategy successfully. Companies should invest in recruiting and training employees who possess cross-cultural competencies, language skills, and a deep understanding of the target market. This will help in building strong relationships with local stakeholders and adapting quickly to changing market dynamics.5. Technological Integration:In today's digital age, technology plays a vital role in international business operations. Adopting technology solutions, such as e-commerce platforms, supply chain management systems, and customer relationship management (CRM) software, can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experience. Furthermore, companies should leverage social media and digital marketing strategies to promote their products and communicate with international customers effectively.6. Risk Management:Entering global markets also comes with certain risks and uncertainties. Companies must assess and manage risks associated with currency fluctuations, political instability, legal issues, andcultural differences. Developing contingency plans, diversifying the customer base, and establishing local partnerships can help in mitigating these risks and ensuring business continuity.7. Continuous Evaluation and Adaptation: Internationalization is an ongoing process that requires constant evaluation and adaptation. Companies should regularly monitor market trends, customer preferences, and competitive dynamics to identify new growth opportunities or adapt their strategies accordingly. Conducting post-entry evaluations and seeking feedback from local customers can provide invaluable insights for refining the internationalization strategy.Conclusion:In an increasingly globalized world, companies cannot afford to ignore the potential offered by international markets. By developing a comprehensive internationalization strategy that includes market research, adaptation, partnerships, talent acquisition, technological integration, risk management, and continuous evaluation, companies can position themselves for success in the global arena. While challenges may arise, the rewards of expanding into global markets can be immense, including increased market share, revenue growth, and enhanced brand reputation.Expanding into global markets can present numerous opportunities for companies, but it also comes with its own set of challenges. In this section, we will further discuss some key considerations and strategies that companies can employ as they embark on their internationalization journey.8. Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity:Culture plays a significant role in shaping consumer behavior and preferences. Therefore, companies must invest in understanding the cultural nuances of the target market. This includes familiarizing themselves with local customs, traditions, language, and business etiquette. By demonstrating cultural awareness and sensitivity, companies can build trust and establish strong relationships with local customers and stakeholders.9. Pricing and Competitive Strategy:Setting the right pricing strategy is essential when entering foreign markets. Companies need to consider factors such as local purchasing power, competitive pricing, and cost structures. It may be necessary to adjust pricing to reflect market realities and the value proposition being offered. Additionally, companies should evaluate their competitive strategy by analyzing local competitors, differentiating their products or services, and identifying unique selling points that resonate with the target market.10. Regulatory Compliance:Regulations and legal frameworks can vary significantly from one country to another. Companies need to ensure compliance with local laws and regulations, which may involve obtaining licenses, permits, or certifications. Engaging with local legal counsel or consultants familiar with the foreign market can help navigate these complexities and ensure proper adherence to regulatory requirements.11. Supply Chain Management:Effectively managing the supply chain is critical for successful internationalization. Companies must evaluate their logisticalcapabilities, including shipping, warehousing, and distribution. They should consider establishing local partnerships or utilizing third-party logistics providers to ensure efficient and timely delivery of products or services to the target market. An optimized supply chain can help reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and enhance overall operational efficiency.12. Intellectual Property Protection:Protecting intellectual property (IP) is crucial when entering global markets. Companies need to be aware of their IP rights and ensure they have necessary safeguards in place. This may involve registering trademarks, patents, or copyrights in the target market and implementing robust IP protection policies. In some cases, companies may need to modify their products or services to comply with local IP regulations.13. Marketing and Branding Strategy:Developing an effective marketing and branding strategy is essential for gaining traction in new markets. Companies must tailor their marketing messages, advertisements, and promotional campaigns to resonate with the local audience. This may involve localizing marketing material, utilizing local influencers or endorsers, and leveraging digital marketing platforms that are popular in the target market. A strong brand presence coupled with effective marketing strategies can help companies establish themselves as trusted and preferred brands in the foreign market.14. Competitive Intelligence and Market Trends:International markets are highly dynamic, with ever-changing consumer demands and competitive landscapes. Companies mustinvest in gathering competitive intelligence and monitoring market trends to stay ahead of the curve. This involves analyzing competitors' strategies, identifying potential market disruptors, and adapting quickly to changing consumer preferences or emerging industry trends. Leveraging data analytics and market research can provide valuable insights for informed decision-making and proactive adaptation.15. Scaling and Replication:Once a company achieves success in one foreign market, it may consider scaling and replicating its internationalization strategy in other markets. The lessons learned and best practices identified can be applied to new target markets, thereby reducing risks and accelerating growth. However, it is crucial to recognize that each market is unique, and a comprehensive market analysis should be conducted to determine the feasibility and adaptability of the strategy in new markets.In conclusion, expanding into global markets requires a comprehensive and well-executed internationalization strategy. By conducting thorough market research, adapting to the local culture and preferences, forming strategic partnerships, acquiring and developing talent, leveraging technology, managing risks, and continuously evaluating and adapting their strategies, companies can position themselves for success in the global marketplace. Internationalization may present challenges, but the potential rewards of increased market share, revenue growth, and enhanced brand reputation make it a worthwhile endeavor for companies looking to expand their horizons.。
重视国际化的英文作文Title: Embracing Internationalization: A Path to Global Engagement。
In today's interconnected world, the importance of internationalization cannot be overstated. Whether it's in the realms of education, business, or culture, embracing internationalization opens doors to diverse perspectives, fosters collaboration, and promotes mutual understanding among nations. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of internationalization and explore how individuals, organizations, and nations can benefit from it.First and foremost, internationalization promotes cultural exchange and understanding. By engaging withpeople from different backgrounds, we gain insights into their customs, traditions, and ways of thinking. This exposure not only broadens our horizons but also fosters empathy and tolerance towards others. In an increasingly diverse world, these qualities are essential for buildingharmonious relationships and resolving conflicts peacefully.Moreover, internationalization enhances economic opportunities and competitiveness. In today's global economy, businesses operate across borders, tapping intonew markets and accessing a diverse talent pool. By embracing internationalization, companies can leverage the strengths of different regions, innovate more effectively, and stay ahead of the competition. Additionally,international collaboration fosters innovation through the exchange of ideas, technologies, and best practices,leading to mutual benefits for all parties involved.In the realm of education, internationalizationenriches the learning experience and prepares students fora globalized workforce. By studying abroad or participating in international exchange programs, students gain cross-cultural skills, language proficiency, and a global perspective that are increasingly valued by employers. Furthermore, collaboration between educational institutions across borders promotes research excellence and facilitates knowledge sharing, contributing to advancements in science,technology, and humanities.From a diplomatic standpoint, internationalization strengthens diplomatic ties and promotes peace and stability. Through diplomacy and multilateral cooperation, nations can address global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and terrorism more effectively. By engaging in dialogue and forging partnerships with other countries, governments can find common ground and work towards shared goals, thereby reducing tensions and fostering mutual trust.In conclusion, internationalization is not just a buzzword but a cornerstone of our interconnected world. By embracing internationalization, individuals, organizations, and nations can reap a multitude of benefits, from cultural enrichment and economic growth to diplomatic cooperation and global peace. As we navigate the complexities of the21st century, let us embrace internationalization as a pathway to mutual understanding, prosperity, and harmony among nations.。
Tentative Analysis on Toyota’s International Marketing Strategy andIts Enlightenment浅析丰田公司国际营销及其启示【Abstract】With the development of social economic, the demands for cars are increasing year after year. Cars as a sign of the times have risen. With the transformation of the global cars’ territory, cars have caused much concern to the international market. The accomplishments Toyota enterprise has achieved is closely related to its marketing strategy.This article adopts the method of literature .It chooses a case that Toyota stepped into US market. Combing with the corresponding data, it discusses Toyota’s special marketing concept. The second chapter of this paper analyzes some basic ideas which are related to marketing strategy, namely, basic concepts of marketing strategies, basic concepts of distribution channels and market positioning concept. The third chapter presents the development of Toyota and the basic marketing concepts of Toyota. The fourth and fifth chapters mainly state the market strategy of Toyota, such as product expansion strategy、distribution 、standardization of marketing process and so on. From this article, some enlightenment can be gained. China’s automobile industry can be provided some useful recommendations for further development.【Key Words】Marketing Process of Toyota; Marketing Idea of Toyota; Product Expansion Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Mode【摘要】随着社会经济的发展，人们对汽车的需求逐年增加。
浅析丰田汽车公司国际化经营的战略实践作者：任智来源：《财讯》2018年第19期丰田汽车公司（卜寻夕自勤率棣式会社，以下简称“丰田”）自2008年超越美国通用汽车公司成为世界第一大汽车生产企业。
相对欧美的汽车企业雨言，丰田作为一个起步相对较晚的后发者，在二战后的几十年中却后发裁人地成为当今世界最大汽车制造企业，这些都是离不开其所制定的一系列国际化经营的战略实践，既以顾客为中心的市场开拓战略、差异化的海外投资战略、本土化的生产研发和销售战略。
本文通过对于这些战略实践进行分析，总结丰田汽车的成功经验，以期能为正在崛起的中国汽车企业提供借鉴。
国际化经营顾客中心差异化本土化丰田汽车公司国际化经营的推动力二战后的日本经过了十年的国民经济复苏，迎来了经济的高度增长期，至“泡沫经济”之前的日本经济一直处在高速发展的状态，使得日本从一个战后百业凋敝的国家一跃成为全球仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体，直至2010年被中国所取代，作为世界第三大经济体的H本仍具有极大的国际经济影响力。
而在日本走向全球化的大经济体的过程之中，日本的企业的国际化有着重要意义，这是将丰田等企业由日本推向世界的一个重要原因。
同时在另一方面，随着经济的发展日本国内市场的竞争日益激烈，丰田转移视线到全球市场。
由于日本本土市场已经成为最为激烈的角逐地，用海外市场上的利润来“反哺”本土市场，投入资金开发新车型已经成为日本汽车行业的一个趋势。
丰田汽车公司国际化经营的战略实践（1）顾客为中心的市场开拓战略丰田于1980年代进军美国市场，对于行业的后发者丰田来说所面临的挑战是巨大的，当时美国的传统的两大汽车巨头企业——通用和福特，占据了美国的绝大部分市场空间，丰田面临的似乎是一个铁桶般的市场环境，在看到了美国市场激烈的竞争环境和有限的市场空间以后，丰田另辟蹊径地以顾客为中心展开了市场开拓。
丰田通过调查发现，在当时的美国由于人们的收入水平的提高，美国民众对于汽车消费的观念发生了巨大变化，传统的观念是把汽车作为一种象征身份地位的高档消费品，而在经济发达的美国，汽车单纯作为一种交通工具的功能性更为突出，民众更加追求汽车作为交通工具的经济性、舒适性和实用性。
丰田公司全球化之路分析摘要：全球化给各个国家的汽车行业带来了机遇和挑战。
全球化使汽车市场整合。
文中对丰田公司全球化道路做了分析。
关键词：丰田公司全球化道路0 概述20世纪后，经济全球化的进程显著加快。
此时，汽车行业占据了领军地位，它在世界工业中具有典型的重要意义。
在汽车行业的全球化的过程中，美国，日本的和欧洲表现出三足鼎立的局面。
实际表明，在汽车行业中，美国、日本、欧洲的强大研究与开发能力是基于基本的国际市场，同样的，汽车行业的全球化改变了他们的生存环境，同时，也改变了传统的汽车行业消费结构的市场，竞争模式和组织结构，以带来投资、发展、生产和优化，并且去适应不同地区的环境和市场偏好。
全球化给各个国家的汽车行业带来了机遇和挑战。
全球化使汽车市场整合。
对于全球化的发展来说，市场的不确定性比以前增加了，因此，各个国家之间越发的相互依赖。
丰田想要实现汽车行业的全球化，就需要利用开放的市场和自身优势，然后从其他国家获得一些资源，促进自身的发展和成长，以应付汽车行业全球化。
当然，其他国家也会学习和借鉴丰田先进的方法和经验。
这是一个相辅相成互相促进的过程。
2 理论2.1 全球化全球化是世界经济向更加一体化和相互依存的转变过程。
全球化是经济增长的核心，它包含了国家，民族和地区在政治，文化，科技，生活方式，价值观念以及其它多层面上的接触和多重制约概念的影响。
全球化，有许多不同的方面，包括市场全球化和生产全球化(wall，2010)。
2.1.1 市场的全球化是指全国市场融入到巨大的全球市场，降低跨境贸易障碍，这使全球市场的国际销售更加容易。
不同的国家消费者的喜好偏向于全球标准，这有助于建立全球市场。
例如，被世界接受的宜家家具，星巴克咖啡等消费品。
2.1.2 生产的全球化是指在全球区域内获取商品支付商品和服务。
用什么取决于成本和生产要素的质量差异，企业想减少总成本结构并且提高质量或者提高所供产品的功能，从而使他们更具竞争力。
International businessTable of content1.0 Introduction (2)1a Brief introduction of Toyota (2)1b Toyota’s business in terms of products and markets (2)2.0 The reasons why Toyota internationalizes its business (2)3.0 International product lifecycle to explain the internationalization process of Toyota (3)4.0 Key environmental factors faced by Toyota (4)4a Environmental factors faced by Toyota in Singapore (4)4b Foreign currency risk faced by Toyota (5)5.0 Social-culture factors (5)5a Hall’s high and low context culture (5)5b Context culture of Singapore (6)6.0 Market entry strategy (6)6a Five market entry strategy (6)Exporting (6)Franchising (6)Licensing (7)Management contract (7)Joint ventures (7)6b The market entry strategy used by Toyota in Singapore (8)7.0 International staffing strategy of Toyota (8)8.0 Standardized and customized international marketing (8)8a The differences between standardized and customized international marketing (8)8b Reasons why Toyota uses customized strategy in Singapore (9)9.0 Conclusion (10)Reference (11)1.0 Introduction1a Brief introduction of ToyotaToyota was created in 1933 and now has developed as i one of the top ten auto companies in the world (Muffatto, 1998). In its development process, Toyota has achieved huge success. On May 8, 2013, the company issued its financial result, which shows that its net revenues was 216 billion U.S. dollars (ref: /statistics/262752/total-net-revenues-of-toyota/). Until 2014, its net revenues was increased to 249 billion U.S. dollars (ref: Toyota 2014 annual report).1b Toyota’s business in terms of products and marketsToyota produces and supplies high quality auto and other relevant products to target customers under five brands, which respectively are Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Scion. Currently, the company has produced some excellent automotive products, such as CROWN, REIZ, PRIUS, COROLLA, COROLLA, VIOS and LAND CRUISER and so on. to achieve further success, Toyota continues to expand its business into different countries and regions excluding Japan. In its international expansion process, the size of the company has been expanded. Until now, the company has 52 manufacturing companies in 170 states. To some extent, its success benefits from its effective international expansion strategy.2.0 The reasons why Toyota internationalizes its businessThere are some reasons why Toyota internationalizes its business. The first reason is to seek for more market opportunities and achieve further development and success. To some extent, international markets provides more opportunities for enterprises to sell their products and services (Robles, 1994). For example, to obtain more market opportunities, Toyota is expanding its business into developing countries such China and India etc. The international expansion can help Toyota to achieve a growth potentiality.The second reason is to maintain higher competitive advantages. As more and more automotive enterprises enter automotive industry, the competition in automotive industry isbecoming more and more intense (Zapata & Nieuwenhuis, 2010). Under this condition, Toyota has to expand its business into different international markets in order to obtain and maintain its competitive advantages in the competitive industry.The third reason is to occupy more market shares in different international markets. The international expansion of enterprises enables the enterprises to successfully sell its products in different markets, win more loyal customers and then occupy more market shares (Hohenthal et al, 2003). Thus, Toyota internationalizes its business with the purpose of occupying more market shares in different international markets.3.0 International product lifecycle to explain the internationalization process of Toyota The theory of international product lifecycle was proposed by R. G. Vemon in 1968. The theory of international product lifecycle suggest internationalization process should well consider production lifecycle (Hashimoto, 2003). According to the theory of international product lifecycle is divided into four stages, which respectively are introduction, growth, maturity as well as decline (figure 1). In the stage of introduction, products are innovative and unique because there are not same products provided by other firms. Under this condition, firms will own monopolistic advantage in a certain market. At the stage of growth, products are often sold in domestic market and sometimes are exported into other international markets. For example, Toyota not only sells its products in domestic market, but also expose its products into America and the euro area. When the products come to the stage of maturity, industrial competition in domestic market will be more and more intense as more and more enterprises provide same products in the domestic market (Qin and Nembhard, 2012). Under this condition, enterprises have to develop foreign markets and continue to conduct international expansion in order to occupy more market share and maintain competitive advantage in a very competitive industry. For example, Toyota exposes its products into Singapore in order to occupy more market share in Singapore e market. Since the competition in the automotive industry is becoming more and more intense, thus, Toyota has to internationalize its business in order to occupy more market shares in different international markets and obtain higher competitive advantages in the competitive industry.Figure 1: Stages of product life cycle4.0 Key environmental factors faced by Toyota4a Environmental factors faced by Toyota in SingaporeCurrently, the company has operated its business in the Singapore market. When operating its business in Singapore, there are some environmental factors that creates good development opportunity for the company. Political environment is first reason. Over the past decade, the political environment in Singapore is relatively stable (Sim et al, 2003). In this case, Toyota can obtain a good development environment for its business development in Singapore. Besides that, to attract foreign investments, Singapore also has implemented a series of preferential policies for foreign companies (Anwar, 2008). Under this condition, the company can obtain a good development due to good political environment in Singapore. In addition, economic environment in Singapore also creates good condition for the development of Toyota. In recent years, Singapore’s economy has been rapidly development and people’s living standards and income level have been significantly improved. Currently, more and more Singaporeans can afford cars and have strong desire for buying cars. Undoubtedly, good economic environment in Singapore also provides a good opportunity for Toyota to sell its automotive products.4b Foreign currency risk faced by ToyotaWhen enterprises operates its business in Singapore, the enterprise have to conduct the translation of funds (Lee & Jang, 2010). However, it should be noticed that the translation of funds will be different at different time due to the fluctuation of exchange rates (Millman, 1990). As a result, enterprise involved in international trade often will face some uncertainties and risks. Currently, Toyota operates its business in Singapore. Under this condition, Toyota often will face translation and transaction risks in Singapore when the company translates its funds. To some extent, the foreign currency risk often will lead a certain international enterprise to experience a huge loss. For this, Toyota should conduct effective management of the foreign currency risk in Singapore. To effective manage foreign currency risk in a Singapore, it is strongly recommended that Toyota must keep an eye on the fluctuation of exchange rates in Singapore. Only then can Toyota effectively prevent huge financial loss caused by the foreign currency risk.5.0 Social-culture factors5a Hall’s high and lo w context cultureCulture also is an important environmental factors that will impact on internationalization process of an enterprises. According to Muzychenko (2008), cultural differences have major impacts on business operation. Thus, Toyota should well understand cultural differences in its international expansion. According to Hall (1966), national cultures can be divided into high-context and low-context. According to Hall’s high/low context, people in high-context culture often will prefer to communicate or be communicated with a euphemistic way, while people in low-context culture prefer to communicate straightforward and heavily depend on words and message itself (Hall, 1966). For this, Toyota should communicate relevant messages with customers in different cultural contexts. For example, since Singapore is a country with high-context, thus, Toyota should communicate messages with a euphemistic way. By doing so, the company can effectively communicate some messages with an efficient and effective way.5b Context culture of SingaporeSince people in different cultural contexts have different languages, attitudes and values, therefore, Toyota should choose different communication ways in different countries. Currently, Toyota operates its business in Singapore, which is a country with a high cultural context. As it mentioned above, people in a low-context culture are more likely to prefer to communicate or be communicated with a euphemistic way rather than a straightforward way. Therefore, Toyota should communicate messages with a euphemistic way6.0 Market entry strategy6a Five market entry strategyWhen a certain enterprise wants to enter foreign markets, it is vital for select effective market entry strategies. According to Martorell et al (2013), market entry strategy refers to planned approaches that a certain enterprise uses to deliver goods and/or services to a foreign market and then distribute them there. There are some common market entry strategies that are widely used by multinational enterprises to enter into a certain target market. The market entry strategies respectively are exporting, franchising, licensing, management contract, as well as joint ventures.ExportingExporting refers to multinational enterprises enter a target foreign market by exporting their products to the target foreign market (Love & Mansury, 2009). For example, exporting is used by Apple Company as its market entry strategy. To successfully enter a certain target market, Apple Company will enter the target market by exporting their products to the target foreign market. Thus, exporting is a commonly used strategy that is used by modern multinational enterprise to enter a certain foreign market (Fabling & Sanderson, 2013). FranchisingFranchising refers to a brand enterprise grants the rights to franchisor to market some goods and/or services produced by the brand enterprise within a specific country or region (Hoy & Stanworth, 2003). Currently, many famous brand enterprises often will enter a target foreign market by using the method of franchising (Sherman, 2004). Take McDonalds as an example,the company enter Chinese market by using the method of franchising. Depend on such market entry strategy, McDonalds has successfully entered Chinese market. Thus, franchising also is a market entry strategy.LicensingAccording to Sherman, (2004), licensing is a market entry mode in which a multinational enterprise grants other business entities to use the multinational enterprise’s intellectual property rights such as brand name, trademarks, technology etc. Take Microsoft as an example, the company enter foreign markets such as China and France by using the method of licensing. The company grants computer manufactures around the world a license in order to enter foreign markets. the licensing also is a commonly used market entry strategy that is widely used by modern enterprise to enter a target market successfully.Management contractManagement contract is the entry into foreign markets by signing contract arrangement and transferring intangible assets or some technologies to other business entities in the target market in return for a fee (McDonald et al, 2002). For example, Qantas enter other foreign markets by using the method of the management contract. In many case, the Qantas often will transfer its technology to other companies in the target markets through contract arrangements in order to enter a foreign market. Thus, management contract also is a market entry strategy used by modern enterprises to enter a target market.Joint venturesJoint venture refers to the entry into foreign markets by establishing a contractual agreement joining together two or more business entities in order to develop and sell some products in a target market (Bontempi & Prodi, 2009). For example, Dongfeng Motor Co is China's largest auto joint venture that was created by DongFeng Automobile Company and Nissan Motor Company in 2003. Depending on the joint venture, the Nissan Motor Company successfully enter Chinese automotive market. Thus, the joint venture also is a market entry strategy.6b The market entry strategy used by Toyota in SingaporeIn the international expansion process, Toyota actively enters Singapore market by using some effective market entry strategies. Here below are two market entry strategies that are used by Toyota to enter Singapore market. The first market entry strategy used by the company is exporting. The company actively export its products to Singapore market and then sell there. For example, Toyota often exports different types of cars to Singapore. Depending on the exporting strategy, Toyota has successfully entered Singapore market. Therefore, the exporting is a market entry strategy used by Toyota in Singapore. Another market entry strategy is joint venture. For example, Toyota actively seek for some excellent partners in Singapore to establish joint venture in order to enter Singapore market. By using the method of the joint venture, Toyota has successful entered Singapore market. Toyota and Guangzhou Toyota are joint ventures in Singapore. Thus, the joint venture also is a market entry strategy used by Toyota in Singapore.7.0 International staffing strategy of ToyotaIn the internationalization process, Toyota uses internationalization of talents and use of local talents in the host country as its international staffing strategies. On the one hand, the company recruits and use foreign talents to manage its business in the host country. For example, Toyota has recruited and used a large pool of talent from Singapore to manage its business in Singapore. On the other hand, Toyota also uses localization strategy to recruit its general employees. For example, when Toyota operates its business in Singapore, the company continues to recruit local employees to service it. To some extent, the international staffing strategies of Toyota contribute to its success in Singapore.8.0 Standardized and customized international marketing8a The differences between standardized and customized international marketingIn enterprises’ international expansion process, standardized and customized international marketing are two typical marketing strategies that are used multinational enterprises (Bharadwaj et al, 2009). There are some differences between the standardized and customized international marketing.The first difference between these two strategy is that standardized international marketing an undifferentiated marketing strategy to produce and supply products and/or services, and customer international marketing is to produces and market some differentiated products and/or services. For example, Apple Company markets I-phone4s by using standardized international marketing, Samsung markets different products according to the different demands of different customers in different countries.The second difference could be embodied in productive way and standard. The productive way/standard of the standardized international marketing is large-scale/ undifferentiated, while the productive way/standard of the customized international marketing is batch/quantitative production. For example, KFC uses standardized international marketing as its strategy, clothing enterprises markets its products by using customized international marketing as the clothing enterprises produce clothing products by using the way of quantitative production.The final difference between these two international marketing is that the standardized international marketing does not care differentiation of products and/or services, while the customized international marketing highly emphasizes differentiation. For example, rail companies provide same products and services to customers, while consulting companies provides different services to different customers according to their needs.8b Reasons why Toyota uses customized strategy in SingaporeThere are some reasons that can be used to explain the reasons why the company implements customized strategy Singapore. On the one hand, different people have different demands for cars. Under this condition, Toyota has to provide differentiated products to different customers in Singapore. For example, rich men like to purchase Toyota’s luxury models, people from middle class often will purchase the most practical car. Thus, Toyota uses customized strategy in Singapor. On the other hand, customers are pursuing personalized products and/or services. In face of such consumer trend, Toyota uses customized strategy in Singapore. For example, Toyota produces and markets different types of cars in Singapore market in order to meet different customers’ different demands.9.0 ConclusionIn this report, it introduces the company and the reasons why Toyota internationalizes its business. In addition, this report also uses the theory of international product lifecycle to explain the internationalization process of Toyota and identifies some key environmental factors and foreign currency risk faced by Toyota in Singapore. And then, cultural context of Singapore also is discussed by using Hall’s low and high context cultures. And then, this report also discusses two international staffing strategy used by Toyota in Singapore. Furthermore, this report also explains five market entry strategies, including exporting, franchising, licensing, management contract, and joint ventures and identifies that exporting and joint ventures are two market entry strategies used by Toyota. Finally, this report also discusses the differences between standardized and customized international marketing and explains the reasons why the company implements the customized international marketing in SingaporeReferenceAnwar, S (2008). Foreign investment, human capital and manufacturing sector growth in Singapore. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30 (3), Pages 447-453Bontempi, M & Prodi, G (2009). 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