牛津译林8B Unit1
一、同步知识梳理
知识点1:past and present(P6)
(1)past
n. 过去,以前;in the past 在过去
adj. 过去的,以前的;in the past few years 在过去的几年里
prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局
【例句】
In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.
Let’s not make the past mistakes.
When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.
(2)present
adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的
n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在; a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物
vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;
【例句】Everyone can be present ed a present at present.
知识点2:You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。
(1)change: vt./vi. 改变,变更; change into变成
n.变化,改变; change(s) to ...的变化
【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.
(2)use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑(或身体)的能力;
vt.用,使用; 行使,
【常用短语】①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)”
批注:否定形式:didn’t use to / usedn’t to
②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)
【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he’s barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.
【拓展】useful adj. 有用的;useless adj. 无用的
知识点3:I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)
【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.
批注:注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如:
Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.
知识点4:When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and
we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候,我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外,从那之后我一直住在那个地方。
(1)marry: vt.& vi.(使)结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给B
adj. married 已婚的; 短语:A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n marriage 婚姻
【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.
(2)move: vt.& vi.移动,搬动; 使感动
【常用短语】move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出...
【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.
知识点5:Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)
turn into 进入,拐进;(使)成为,(使)进入 turn... into把...变成
【例句】I saw him turn into the library.
How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?
【常用短语】turn on开 turn off 关 turn up 调高;开大(音量、煤气等)
turn down 调低;关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)
turn over把……翻过来 turn back 往回走
turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转
知识点6:There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。
once: adv.曾经 =used to
【例句】There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.
n.一次,一回; = one time
【例句】I am used to doing exercise once a week.
知识点7:They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。
短语:put sth into 把……放进,使进入
【例句】Please put the food into the fridge.
【常用短语】put away 拿走,储存…备用 put back放回;向后移
put down写下;记下 put on 穿上
put off 延期;推迟 put out 熄灭;关熄;扑灭
put up 举起;抬起;张贴
知识点8:Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。
(1)realize v. 意识到;实现=come true
【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.
(2)improve v 提高;改善;改进
n. improvement 提高,改进;
【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语;
【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory?
知识点9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。
此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有:much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot;
【例句】--How do you feel today?
--Even worse.
知识点10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的,在某种程度上它是。
短语in some ways 在某些方面,在某种程度上
【例句】In some ways, I do agree with you.
【拓展】1. in many ways 在许多方面;用许多方法; in this way用这种方法;
2. on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”;(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)
3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”;
4. all the way表示“全程;一直”;
5. in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上
6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上
知识点11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。
(1)此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.
常用句型:It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.
(2)as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as ... as 像一样。
知识点12:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。
(1)lonely: adj.孤独的,孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的
【常用短语】feel lonely
【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own
【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.
2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.
(2)time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)
【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time及时;适时 on time 按时,准时;按时
all the time 始终,一直 at a time 一次;每次;在某时
from time to time 不时,有时 for the first time 首次;第一次
知识点13:I have learned more about Beijing’s past and present.(P14)我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多了。
Beijing’s past and present=the past and present of Beijing
①一般’s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词,如:时间,国家、城市等地点以及价格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加’s来构成所有格。
a seven days’ holiday 一个七天的假期 London’s weather 伦敦的天气
ten dollars’ sugar 十美元的糖
②of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成,修饰前面的名词,表示无生命的名词的所有格。如a map of China 一张中国地图
③有些名词既可以用’s所有格,也可以用of所有格,两者可互换。
the son of our teacher = our teacher’s son 我们老师的儿子
二、同步例题分析
例1:----What are they doing at________ (现在)?
----They are interviewing Mr. Green.
答案:present;
例2:My cousin is used to ________(study) with his new friends in Australia.
解析:该题考查的是be used to doing表达习惯的用法。
答案:studying;
例3:Guangzhou is in the __________(south) part of China.
解析:该题考查的是south的形容词形式:southern.
答案:southern;
例4:Though he lives alone, he has a lot of friends and doesn’t feel _______(孤独的).
解析:该题考查的是lonely与alone的区别。
答案:lonely;
例5:He didn’t ____________(意识到)he took the wrong bus until the bus came to the last stop.
解析:单词realize拼写。本句是一般过去时,didn’t后面用动词原形。
答案:realize;
例6:我们应该做一些什么来改善这种情况。(翻译句子)
We should do something to __________ ________ __________ .
答案:improve the situation;
例7:Mary married Simon in 1999.(改为同义句)
Mary and Simon ____ _____ in 1999.
解析:A marry B =A and B get married,句中是过去时所以用got.
答案:got married;
例8:I miss my old friend sometimes.(改为同义句)
I miss my old friend _____ _____ _____ _____.
解析:sometimes=from time to time=at times.
答案:from time to time;
例9:People wear different types of clothes at different ___________(time)(用所给词的适当形式填空)
解析:times表示时代,at different times在不同的时代。
答案:times;
例10:--What do you think of Mr. Green’s words?
--well,__________, I agree with him.
A. by the way
B. on the way
C. in some ways
D. in the way
答案:C;
解析: by the way顺便说/问一句;in the way 挡道;on the way 在路上;in some ways 从某种程度上。
三、课堂达标检测
检测题1:词汇
1. Sandy has a lot of friends, so she never feels ____________(寂寞).
2. That reporter had an __________(采访) with Jay Chou last week.
3. Years ago, the government ________(意识到) it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.
4. Kitty got __________(结婚) last year. Her husband is a computer programmer.
5. Many places are ____________(污染) all over the world, so we have to do something to help the earth.
6. We all hope we should have more __________(开阔的) space in the city.
7.The environment has (改变) a lot.
检测题2:单项选择
( )1.We invite experts to give us talks .
A.from a day and night
B.from time to time
C.from past to now
D.from one to another
( )2.The child has come to school by bike his own.
A.in
B.by
C.on
D.of
( ) 3. The place has turned ________ a garden already.
A. in
B. into
C. to
D. for
( ) 4. He used to ____ model planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends.
A. make
B. making
C. be made
D. being made
( )5. The old man lives _________ in a ________ house, but he doesn’t feel _________.
A. alone; alone; lonely
B. lonely; lonely; alone
C. alone; lonely; lonely
D. alone; lonely; alone
检测题3:
1.政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。
The already the place a park.
2.我不时地感到寂寞。
I time time.
3.工厂以前经常把它的废物倒进河里。
The factory to into the river.
4.我们必须采取行动来改善这种状况。
We must to the .
5.他不像以前那样经常见老朋友。
He can’t see his old friends .
=二、专题精讲
知识点2:
例1:( ) ----Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose? (2012淮安) ----Of course. I _______the film Titanic several times.
Present perfect tense (现在完成时)
项目 内容
备注 概念
◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结
果和影响。
Eddie has eaten my food.
(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has
nothing to eat.)
◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现
在,并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
Eddie has lived with Mille since he was
born.
Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 构成 助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样,在
后面加ed.特殊变化详见书
本。(P122-123)
肯定形式 They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework. 缩略形式:
they have=they ’ve;
he has=he ’s
否定形式 They haven’t finished their homework. He hasn’t finished his homework.
疑问形
式 Have they finished their homework? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
关键词
already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑
问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间,
never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的
词, once, twice 等)
before, recently, in the past/last few
years, so far, this month, today, now
◇表示过去某一个动作的结果,现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. ◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this week 等有时也用现在完成时。
A.see
B. saw
C. have seen
D. had
seen
解析:该题考查的是现在完成时。因有several times。
答案C。
例2:( ) —Your English is good. (2012宿迁)
—Thank you. I _______ it for three years.
A.learn
B. learned
C. have learned
D.
had learned
解析:该题考查的是标志性词for与现在完成时。
答案C。
例3:( ) — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes.
Stop, please!
— OK, Mum.
A. played
B. have played
C. were playing
D. play
解析:该题考查的是现在完成时用法。句中有for ten hours 所以用have+done.
答案:选B
知识点2:already与yet用法区别
already 用于肯定句,一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet用于否定句和疑问句,一般至于句末。
例1:
I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)
I worked out the math problem .
解析:already与yet的转换.
答案是 have not; yet
知识点3:since 和for用法区别
(1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间,如since nearly three years ago或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时,后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
(2)for的用法:for后加一段时间。
since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
例:They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years
We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.
例1:I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
A. for
B. since
C. from
D. on