at
( B )9. ---Another cup of coffee? 中考复习复合句---No, thanks. I __C__ be off. Mary
is waiting for me.
Tom will call me as soon as he (C )1．A. can B. may C. must D, might 北京）（2010___A___ home. white in the man ( D )10.--David, look at
got ．B．has got C A．gets over there. Can you tell me ____? will get
D．重庆）—He is a doctor. （2010m leaving now.
( D )2．—I'is what is C．B．Who is he ．who he A lights.
the turn off —___B___ you what he is ．he D 2010浙江杭州）（( A )11. ---What would you send to your B. Make sure A. To make sure sister as the Christmas gift? D. Making sure
C. Made sure t decided yet. I _____
' ---I haven( B )3. ---Shall I tell Bob the send her a handbag. news?
A. shall
B. may
C. must
D.
ve told him I'---No, you __D___. should already.
______ is her daughter?
—( B )12.t C. ''shouldnt B. wouldnA. blue the on right wearing —The girl t
mustn't D. needn'（2010浙江杭州）jeans. meeting )4.We won't start the ( B C. Which B. What A. Who （2010天津）___ our teacher arrives. D. Where though A． B．until ________? ( C )13.—or D．．C while 云南昆明）．（2010'—Hes very well( B )5.He wanted to know ____D___ 'How B． A．Who's your father the English party. （2010
天津） s your father ．A when will we have 'Where What's your father D．C．．B when we will have s your father
we we when ．would have D．when Cthe about ( )14.—Did you hear should haverecent air crash?
( A )6.Jamie is a young cook ____ wants ，—Yeah，_____ a few this yearto improve school dinners.
weren't there? （2010云南昆明） C ．whom B． A who ．whose B there A．there are which
D．'aren t ____ have to no water drink will D ( )7.We t weren'．C．there were Dthere 'we dont protect the earth．raining s —( )15.Look! It' C
before ．until ．A B you? a heavily.______ take raincoat with if D though ．now. Well, one right I'll take —2010( A )8.I want to know ________（．重庆）2010（上海）'Why don．． AWhy not Bthe should we ．A when at arrive t airport like Would mind C．Would you D．you the
．B at arrive should when we 自我检测一、单项选择airport
t know when _____.
'( )1. I don when the airport we should C ． B. A. will the train leave arrive at the train will leave arrive we should airport the when ．D．C. would the train leave D. ( )11. I was cooking ________he was the train leave reading a book.
( )2. Do you know what _____ with A. after B. while C.
Jim? because D. but
A. is wrong
B. wrong is
C. ( )12. She worked _____quietly that wrong was
D. the matter is ______no one knew she was there.
( )3. －I want to know _____. － A. so, as B. so, that C. Why not go to the park? too, to D. very, that
A. where I can go for a picnic ( )13.---Who is the girl standing over
B. where can I go for a picnic there?
---Well, if you _____ knew, her D. picnic I can go for a C. what name is Joe.
what can I go for a picnic
A. must
B. t think he is right, may
C. can
D. shall '( )4. I don( )14.It______? 's a secret between you and me,
you ____ tell anyone about this. A. do I B. isn't he
t
A. must
B. can
C. mustn t I 'C. is he
D. don't ( )5. The teacher didn't say you D. needn'in
met last I _______him since would come, _____? we ( )15.
1981. t you A. would you B. wouldn'C.
B. didn't see D. didn
C. did she 't you A. don't see
D. haven't seen won't see ( )6. While she _______TV in the
( )16. ---Shall I tell John about it?
sitting room, the bell ____ .
just watches, A. rings B. told him you ______. I ---No, now.
is watching, rang
C. 't was C. watching, rang
D. 't B. canA. needn t
''t D. shouldnmustnwatched, was ringing
the if They wondered ( come must ( )7. ---Mr Wang, I again )17. teacher___ them some English songs the
on Sunday morning to clean the
next week. windows?
C. _____. ---No, you I taught teach A. others have asked would B. had
D. taught
will teach to do it.
( )18. ---Do I have to come back A. don''t C. t have to B. mustntomorrow? ---Yes, you____. t ''cant D. shouldn D. C. must may A. ( )8. Don't cross the road _______the can B.
should light turns green.
the B. while is ____ Paris C. ( )19. He told me A. when capital of France. until D. as
C. B. the A. which when him ( )9. She will find a kind man
D. what that she ________ more about him.
( )20. He asked me____ during the C. will know B. know A. knows summer holiday. D. is going to know
B. left _______I years is It ( )10. ten my A. where I had gone where I had been hometown.
D. where if B. since A. C. where had I gone C.
had I been
D. until whether
_____ I joined the League.
三、把下列句子变成反意疑问句。( )21. Can you tell us ____ ?
1. I'm as tall A. if your father does B. what as your sister,
_________________?
does your father do
2. I wish to have C. your father does what D. a word with you,
_______________?
what your father does
3.The Swede made ( )22. He asked me if I knew____ . no answer,
________________? A. whose pen was it B.
4. Some plants never blown,
whose pen it was
_______________? D. whose C. whose pen it is
5.We have to get there at pen is it eight
tomorrow, ______________? coming? your ( )23.---How is friend
6. You had to '---Im not sure. He ______ drive stay at home,
_______________?
here.
7. You'A. may B. can C. must D. will d better read it by your self, _______________? ( )24. —Do you know ____ ? —Yes.
8.He would rather read it ten times, He is a teacher.
______________? whom he is A． B. whom is he
me, with to go 'C. what is he D. what he is 9.You d like
____________________? ( )25. I'm not sure whether ______
doctor,
a tomorrow. must be 10. He
________________? A. they will arrive B.
11.You must have studied English for
will they arrive
three years, ____________? arrive C. they D. they have
12.What colors,______________?
arrived
13.What a smell,_____________? 二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
ready, 14.Everything 1. The house _____ we live in is is
_____________?
very big.
15. Mr, Smith had been to Beijing for 2. The boy _____ is wearing the in
black jacket is very clever. have been times, he should several
China now, ________________? 3. This is the present _____ he
talk,
a who gave us 16.He is not the man gave me for my birthday.
_________? you talked _____ man 4. The to just
17.He said he wanted to visit Japan,
now is an engineer.
__________? talked He 5. about and the teachers
again,
do it schools _____ he had visited. not 18. We need
____________? 6. There is nothing in the world
19.He dare not say so, ___________?
_____ can frighten him.
alone, home _____ ring, gold wears She 7. a is dare to go '20.She doesn t _____________?
very uncommon in our class.
again, do that 21.Donmakes _____ factory a visited 8. We 't
_____________?
toys for children.
22.Go with me, ____________? 9. Is this the place _____ your
the
you father once lived? wait 23.Let us for in
reading-room, ____________?
ll never forget the days '10. I
24.Let's go and listen to the music, Some of these people had special ideas to
make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had ______________?
four beds. He will not be any trouble, moved from one to the other 25.There to fall asleep. Mark Twain ____________?
had a
different way. He 26.It is impossible, ______________? lay on his side across
the end of the bed!
27.He is not unkind to his classmates,
1．_____________?
If you are thirteen years old, you
need at least ______ hours of sleep.
28.This is a dictionary, ___________?
A．16 29.Those are shelves,_______________? B．12 C．9
Dll come here on 30.I don't think he'．7
2．What does time,__________?
“insomnia” mean in this
passage?
to her friends, careless 31.She is
____________?
A．No sleep. B．Bad sleep.
C．Slow sleep. 32.I don't believe she will play the
Dpiano, ___________?
．Sleep with many dreams.
3．2010 三、阅读理解（江西） Which of the following is true
according to the passage?
Sleep is very important. A person
who does not sleep dies faster than a A．We will die soon if we don't sleep well. person who does not eat. We spend about
B．The older we get, the less sleep Thatin ）（a third1/3of our lives sleep. 'we need.
s about 121 days a year!
C．We can tell a How much sleep do we need? We are person's age from his sleep time. all different. A baby needs 16 hours of
Dsleep every day. Children 6 to 12 years ．Famous people move from one bed to
the other to fall asleep.
old need an average（平均） of 10 to 12
4．Which would be the best title hours of sleep. Teenagers need 9 to 10 for
this passage?
adult sleep. of An needs average an hours
Aof 7 to 8 hours a night. There are some ．Sleep More!
people who need only 3 hours of sleep. ．Go to Sleep! BFamous After of 10 need Others hours sleep. the D．Age and Sleep Time C．People and Sleep
age of 50, the average sleep time goes
一到家就会给我打Tom AWe need less hours a ．down to 65 night. 。句意：1.答案是电话的。本题考查时问状语从句。主句为一sleep as we get older. 引导)般将来时，as soon as(一……就……a Americans three in About one has
的是时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，故Many sleep. of people these with problem
this of name The 项。答案为Aasleep. fall cannot
句意：——我现在要离开了。problem 。I “say, Some insomnia. is people 答案是2. B——确保你把灯都关了。本题考查祈使句的sleep t 'didnnot s ' But ”night.all that。其他成分”“动词原形really true. They may sleep lightly and 用法。肯定祈使句是+'Don否定祈使句的构成是在动词原形前加wake up
several times. In the morning,
。tthey only remember the times they were
3D
, so they think they were awake （醒着）直到老师到了我们才会句意： Bawake
all night.
。答案是4.not... This is not a new problem. Many 开始开会。本题考
查连词的用法。。意为“直到……才……”until... famous people in history had insomnia.
在就带一件。本题考查交际用语。此处是在。句意：他想知道我们什么时候5.
答案是D why not=why don't 本题考查宾语从句的用法。给对方提建议，所以用
举办英语联欢会。你…?A you，故选当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用。Would you mind doing你to do...? B两项都是一般将来介意做……吗?Would you like 相应的过去时态，而A、?
想做……吗时，故被排除；宾语从句用陈述句语序，而答案与解析：项是疑问
语序，也被排除。 C一、单项选择 A 。句意：Jamie是一位想改善学6.答案
是 1.B。校餐饮的年轻厨师。本题考查定语从句中的本题是考查宾语从句的语序
和时态的用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈厨师)指人，关系代词的用法。
先行词cook(述语序，主句是一般；因为先行词在从句中作主语，故故排除D 现在时，宾语从句根据说话人选A。
的意思可以判断是一般将来时。所以选择B D。句意：如果我们不保护地球，。 7.
答案是 2.Auntil我们将没有水喝。本题考查状语从句。。本题是考查宾语从句
的语序用法。though尽管，特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，直到……；before在……之前；what D符合句意。在宾语从句作主如果。四个选项中虽然；
if 句意：8. 答案是 A。我想知道我们应该什么语，所以what is wrong
是陈述语序。同样如果时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词D改成is the matter也是正确的。know后面接的是宾语从句，由宾语从句要用项中和陈述
语序可排除BD两项；又因为C3.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法，特殊疑问词。A where引导的宾语从句用陈the airport的位置不对，故选述语序。从对
话的答语可以判断特殊疑问词9.C
where引导宾语从句。句意：—— D。David，看那边答案是10.
4.C那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么。本题是考查反意疑问句的用
法。主句是I think和后面的宾语从句构成复合由的吗?——他是医生。本题考
查宾语从句。句，其反意疑问句的主，词问所以用疑业是知句答可询问的职what；又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故语、谓语和宾语从句保持一致，前面
的句子是否定句，所以附加疑问句选D。
用肯定形式。11.B
12. 5.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。。句意：——哪个是她的答案是C复
合句的反意疑问句的主语、谓语和主句保——右边穿蓝色牛仔裤的那个是。本题?
女儿持一致，这里主句是考查疑问词的用法。通常用来提问主语； who what
用来对事物或动作进行提问；which哪The teacher didn't say，而且是否定句，
提问的是地点。一个；where根据答语可知所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。 C 6.C
是正确答案。。本题是由while引导的状语从句，强调的是正在进行“看电视”
这一动作句意：。答案是13. B ——你爸爸身体时，“门铃响了”这一动根据本
题考查交际用语。——他很好。好吗?
作也发生了，应该选择表示询问身体状况的疑问句，答语，所以从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。答案为C。 B故选项正确。
句意：——你听说最近。答案是14. C 7.A.
8.C。今年有好几——是的，?的飞机坠毁事件了吗如果主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，表示本题考查反意疑问句。?不是吗起了，根据附“直到……才……”，并且主句的谓语语动词为非延续行动词如：leave，start可知陈述句应为'weren 加问句t there，come，see，go to bed等，。there were...表示这一动作直到until才开始发生，故选择C。句意：——看，雨下得。A答案是15.
条件状语从句中，用一般现在时间、。9.A我现——哦，?你为什么不带上雨衣呢很大，
在时表将来意义。态的要求，故选A。
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。有一些非延续性的动词，。在英语里，
10.A，他们只是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come
1. ，arrive，that/ which 考查定语从句引导词，go该引导词在从句中作宾语，先行词是物，所leave， reach，see，hear，close，以用thatfall，join，die，或which都可。 begin，start，lose，buy， get up等，
2. who/ that 考查定语从句的引导词，该引导词在从句中作主语，用It is…since…的句型来表先行词是人，所以用who或that都可。A。达目前存在的一种状态。故正确答案为：
3. that/ which 。由 11.Bwhile引导的从句表示某个动作考查定语从句的引导词，该引导词在从句中作宾语，先行词还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。是物，所以用that或故答案为：B。 which意 12.B。so…that…为“如此……以都可。
4. who/ that 致……”，表示结果，故正确答案为：B。考查定语从句的引导词，该引导词在从句中作主语， 13.A 先行词是人，所以用14.C who或that 都可。
5. that 如果定语从句修饰的先行词since 15.D。由引导的一般过去时从句，既有物还有人，引导词只能用that可知主句要用现在完成时。句意为“自从。
6. that 如果被修饰的先行词是年我们最后一次相见，1989没有再相见过”。
。等不定代词，引导词只能用that 16.A nothing只引导非限制性定语从句，7. which 。17.A从句的时态原本应该用一般将来时
weeknext ），但是由于主which引导。能有（因为时间状语是考查定语从句的引导词，which/ 句的时态是一般that 8.
该引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是物，所因此从句的时态应该过去时，动词原形。改为过去将来时，即would + 以用that或which都可。考查定语从句的引导词， 18C 9. where
用以语，所状从句中作地点词该引导that。19.C本题考查宾语从句的引导词，在 where。可以省略，在从句中不作成分。
考查定语从句的引导词，10. when 首先，20.B 。从句应该用陈述句语序，用。或因此只能考虑AB然后根据题目的意思，所，以时间状语句该引导词在从中作。他问我去了哪里， when问的是曾证明我已经回来的，三、完形填空尽管有人相信梦有时能预测未 been to经去了哪里，因此用。1.A
21.D 词是的引确定。首先该题导来，事实有时如此，但没人知道其原因。作
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends
中考英语专项练习：复合句 句子中有一个或更多成分由从句担任，这样的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段常见的复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 一、宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。 ◆引导词 作宾语从句的句子引导词 陈述句that 一般疑问句if / whether 特殊疑问句原句中的疑问词 ◆宾语从句使用陈述句语序。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( )1. He asked which film they _____ about. A. will talk B. are going to talk C. was going to talk D. were talking ( )2. Do you know _____ bike this is? A. that B. who C. why D. whose ( )3. Polly said no news _____ good news. A. was B. were C. is D. are ( )4. We didn’t know _____ she was ready or not. A. when B. that C. whether D. what
( )5. —What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting? —He said that I _____ better. A. can do B. am C. will do D. could do ( )6. —I want to know when _____ have a field trip. —We’ll have it when all the work _____. A. you are; will finish B. you will; finishes C. you will; is finished D. you; finish ( )7. —Could you tell me when _____? —At 10:25, in ten minutes. A. the bus will leave B. will the bus leave C. the bus has left D. had the bus left ( )8. －Do you know ______ he’ll arrive here at 9:00 this morning? －I’m afraid he’ll be late. A. that B. how C. why D. whether ( )9. —Could you tell me _____? —She is a student in Eton School. A. where Kate is studying B. how Kate was studying C. why Kate was studying D. when Kate studied ( )10. —Do you know _____ going to stay in London? —No, I don’t. Maybe a few day s.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
(十二)复合句 Ⅰ.词汇运用。 A)用适当的引导词完成下列宾语从句。 1．She said that she wanted to stay at home. 2．Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 3．Tony asked whose handwriting was the best. 4．—I want to know whether he still lives there or not. —Sorry，I don't know，either. 5．Can you tell me what life will be like in the future? B)根据句意，用方框中所给单词填空。 who，if，although，which，when 6．If you drive，you mustn't drink wine at all. 7．Although my cousin is very young，she can help with the housework. 8．When I visited London，I met an old friend. 9．The woman who is talking with my English teacher comes from Hefei. 10．Have you found the answer to the question which I asked you this morning? Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1．“Have you ever been in a hot air ballon？” Melissa asked her mom.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Melissa asked her mom if/whether she had ever been in a hot air balloon. 2．Whose schoolbag is on the desk？Father asked.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Father asked whose schoolbag was on the desk. 3．I won't write unless he writes first.(改为同义句) I won't write if he doesn't write first. 4．He is so fat that he can't get through the door.(改为同义句) He is such a fat man that he can't get through the door. 5．我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。(汉译英) I wonder where we__ will meet tomorrow. Ⅲ.单项选择。 (A)1.—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me ________. A．if I enjoyed myself at the party B．that I would like to see a movie C．when I will spend my holiday D．when did I attend the graduation party (A)2.—Are you sure ________ Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A．that B．if C．whether D．when (B)3.—Have you decided ________ you'll go to Hainan? —Not yet.Maybe by plane. A．when B．how C．where D．whether (C)4.In the UK，a woman usually doesn't like to be asked ________. A．when did she get married B．what is her age C．how much she weighs D．where does she come from (D)5.—Could you tell me ________？ —An engineer.He works in a computer company.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。 一.宾语从句 1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型 ⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。 We all knew (that) we should learn from each other. ⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. ⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 2.宾语从句“三关” ⑴引导词关 注意：whether与if的区别 只用whether的情况 ①在介词后面We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day. ②在动词不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front. ③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not at that time
④宾语从句提前时Whether this is true or not, I can`t say ⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. ⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 ①引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I had`t finished my homework ②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果” We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow ⑵语序关 ①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变 ②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序 ⑶时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定 ②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态 注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时 3.人称变化： 4.从句简化 ⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式 She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→
高中英语语法大全 一、词类和句子成分 1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如： 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如： 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如： 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如： 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如： 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如： 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如： 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如： ※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 形容词性my your his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 2、句子成分：8种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Sarah. 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room everyday. 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：She is beautiful. 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter. 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如：Shanghai is a big city. 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。 如：He is standing in the classroom. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company. 二、简单句 1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。 简单句五大句型 主谓：-I sleep. -In youth, we learn. 2）主谓宾：-I love books. 3）主谓+双宾：- Mary give me an apple. -直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词通常是物
关于英语复合句的分析 " 论文关键词:复合句名词性从句形容词性从句状语从句 论文摘要：英语语法中复合句是一大难点和重点。高中阶段主要是学习复合句知识以及怎样运用这些知识解决语法题和提高阅读能力。如何学好复合句对英语学习和考试有极大的决定性作用。其实复合句是简单句的扩展，只要借助简单句的句型结构分析推理出复合句的主干结构，弄清从句是何种从句，然后再根据从句相应知识点解决语法问题或理解句子。 复合句就是由主句加从句构成的。从句，指这个句子虽然能表达完整意思，但是它却是作为另一个句子（主句）的某成分而存在。主句与从句之间的关系就是，从句是主句的成分，从句可能是主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。两个简单句子组合成并列句需要并列词，那么主句与从句组合成复合句就需要关系词。主语从句需要的关系词与定语从句或状语从句需要的不一样，因此从句也有分类的。从句分三大类：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 只要按步步为营的心态，解决复合句应该不会很难的。我们接触了简单句、并列句和复合句，我们怎样区别它们呢？在这里，我提出区别的标准：句子原则。 句子原则1：一个句子只能有一个谓语，谓语由动词构成。
句子原则2：如果一个句子有多个动词，只有一个是谓语动词，其它为非谓语动词。 句子原则3：如果一个句子有多个谓语，那么这个句子可能是并列句或者是复合句。如果有并列连词，就是并列句，如果没有就是复合句。以上的原则对句子分析是很有帮助的，请熟记之。 虽然我们可以根据句子原则推理出复合句，但是怎样判断究竟是主语从句还是定语从句呢？如果要判断从句，我们按照"三步骤"分析句子。下面我们分析一些例子。 1、Who will go to the conference is not important. 句子中文意思：谁将参加会议并不重要。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须学会判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who，可是句末不是问号，所以who 应该不是引导复合句的特殊疑问词而是关系词，因此who will go to the conference 是从句。那么is 就是主句的谓语，主句的句子结构是主系表结构，is 前面就应该是句子主语。从句who will go to the conference是主语，即主语从句。 2、The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. 句子中文意思：问题是我们的食物是不是很快吃完了。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到whether，我们了解到whether 是引导名词性从句的关系词，那么whether引导的句子应该是名词性从句。那么shall run out of food 就是从句的谓
高一英语语法 (二) 复合句的种类 (1) 【本讲主要内容】 语法 (二) 复合句的种类 (1) 状语从句，名词性从句（宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句） 【知识总结归纳】 一. 状语从句 (1)时间状语从句，可以由 when, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since, while, as , whenever, once 等引导。 When he pressed the button, the lift stopped. I will return the book as soon as I have read it. Once you have finished, go to bed. As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. (2)地点状语从句，可以由 where, wherever 引导。 Put the book where it was. We’ll go wherever you say. There are plenty of sheep where I live. (3)条件状语从句，可以由 if, unless, as long as, in cast that等引导。 They have a meeting every Friday , unless there is nothing to discuss. I don’t mind you knowing anything as long as it goes no further. In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. (4) 目的状语从句，可以由 in order that, so that, that, for fear that等引导。 He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house. Ask him to hurry up so that we can catch the bus. Shut the window for fear that it may rain. (5) 结果状语从句可以由so that, so…that., such…that, that等引导。 So many people came to the concert that we couldn’t get in. She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed. It fell under my desk, so that I couldn’t see it. (6) 原因状语从句可以由 because, as, since, now that等引导。 He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from her. As you are sorry, I’ll forgive you. Since you can’t answer my question, I’ll have to ask someone else. Now that you have the chance you had better make good use of it. (7) 让步状语从句可以由although, though, even though, even if, as等引导 Although everyone played well, we lost the game. I wouldn’t do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds. She was unable to make much progress , hard as she tried. However cold it is, he always goes swimming.