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【真题例句】1996 English-Chinese TranslationThis trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.大纲词汇：[1]conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定[2]specific a.明确的,具体的;特定的,特有的[3]establishment n.建立,设立,建立的机构(或组织)[4]detail n.细节,详情v.详述派生词汇：v.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定【同义替换】词义：认为[6]consider v.认为[7]reckon v.认为;计算,总计,估计,猜想[8]think v.认为[9]believe vt.认为,相信vi.相信,信任,信奉[10]insist vi.(on)认为;坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持[11]maintain v. 认为,坚持,主张;维修,保养,维持,供养[12]assert vt.认为；断言,宣称；坚持；主张（权利、权威等）[13]deem v.认为,相信[14]be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convincedv.拒绝,把…排除在外,排斥【解词】（ex-前缀：往外；clud-词根：关闭；-e结尾），把人关在外面引申为拒绝，排斥，把…排除在外。
学术翻译：specific demands 具体的要求scientific establishment 科研部门be foreseen in detail 具体的预见出来重点词组：come to sth 达到…地步，得到…结果翻译考点：[1]when译为“当…时候，当时”，不要译为“当”。
考研翻译测试题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of science and technology has brought about significant changes in the way people live and work.答案：科学技术的快速发展已经给人们的生活和工作方式带来了重大的变化。
2. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, we need to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.答案：为了实现可持续发展的目标，我们需要在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡。
3. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote social equity and justice.答案：政府已经实施了一系列措施来促进社会公平和正义。
二、汉译英1. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了根本性的变化。
答案：With the widespread of the internet, the way people obtain information has undergone fundamental changes.2. 教育是提高国家竞争力的关键因素之一。
答案：Education is one of the key factors in enhancing a country's competitiveness.3. 保护环境是每个公民的责任。
答案：Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen.三、段落翻译1. The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. Social media platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information from around the world.答案：技术的进展已经彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。
1.[In recent years], railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.1.主要结构：railroads combining;merging into supersystem;causing concern.(主干结构指的是主谓宾，这句话主语是railroads 谓语是have been combining和merging ，with each other 是介词短语做状语修饰动词combine，后面的merging into supersystems 是和combining with each other 并列的，into supersystems 也是状语修饰动词merging，最后一个部分causing 至句尾是现在分词做整个句子的结果状语。
)2.近年来，铁路公司之间的相互联系更加密切了，更加趋向系统化，并引起了关于垄断的热烈讨论.3. Merging n. 合并；归并v. 合并；融合（merge的ing形式）4.近年来，朝着一个超级系统的方向融合，并引起了关于垄断的讨论.（注意：combine是联合结合的意思，不是联系；have been doing 是现在完成进行时，表示的是动作已经发生并且还在不断继续，因此翻译的时候要注意为什么答案译为“逐渐形成”，“concern”是“关注，关心，涉及，顾虑”的意思，不是“讨论”，它有两个词性，名词和动词。
“heightened”是“（使）变高，增大，加强，提高”的意思，所以答案有了“更”字，含比较之意。
5.参考译文：近年来，铁路公司相互合并，逐渐形成超级系统，这形成了人们对垄断更大关注.6.总结：没有联系下文（很显然，问题不是没有联系下文，而是单词问题，不会的单词不要猜，要动手查，查出来记住，这样才能学到知识，才能进步。
A1. A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has (而在于他是什么人)2.(不管他喝了多少酒) it had no noticeable effect on him.3.(和同龄的其他孩子相比), Robert is very tall.4.The UN (已要求双方遵守)the ceasefire.5.（真是不凑巧），the one time I wanted to see her, she wasn’t in.A1.as in what he is2.However much he drankpared with other children of the same age.4.has called on both sides to observe5.As chance would have itB1.(要不是几次打断)the meeting would have finished half an hour ago.2.It is simple. The more preparation you do now, (考试之前你就越不会紧张).3.The elevators in this building （总出故障）.4.This article tells you （怎样在旅行期间防止生病）.5.(平均来看), men smoke more cigarettes than women.But for several interruptionsC1.（想到还得重新考试）depressed him.2.The book is (我够不着)；would you please pass it to me?3.It was proposed that （旅行推迟）.4.(说到现代艺术)，few people know more than Tom does.5.Students discuss ideas, (而不是单纯抄袭课本).D1. The result of the competition will (大部分依靠)the opinions of the judges.2.Nowadays, more and more people (非常重视) economic forecasts.3.He built up a successful business but it was all done (以健康为代价).4.(手头准备一本英英字典), and when you cannot interpret a word withaccuracy, you may refer to it any time.5.People who live in the areas (地震多发区)should build houses that areresistant to ground movement.E1.Not only (她抱怨食物)，she also refused to pay for it.cators warn parents that (没有好处的) forcing children to learn.3.The development of scientific research in our country (特点是理论联系实际).4.New factories and hydroelectric stations of small and medium sizes (正在全国各处兴建).5.I wasn’t so much bothered by his loud playing of the trumpet (不如说是对他缺乏音乐才华而烦恼).F1.The importance of English learning (无论怎么强调也是应该的).2.Not that I don’t want to help you, (而是因为这超过了我的能力所及).3.Railway is to transportation (就如血液对于人的身体).4.Being good friends, we should tell each other (我们的烦心事)and try to findout solutions.5.He checked out his composition again and again (以确信没有遗漏要点).G1.We should make good use of our time in class and (集中精力听课)2.(务必至少留出一小时) a day for sports. It will make you healthy andenergetic.3.(据报道) our industrial and agricultural production is going on increasing.4.One meaning of punctuality is that we must not (推迟今天能做的事)tilltomorrow.5.I (情不自禁想起) his parents at the sight of the picture.H1.In some respects, that new dictionary (有许多地方需要改进).2.The ways of greeting (因文化不同而不同).3.I am (没有心情参加) the party this evening.4.Most of the students in the college (难以进入)the computers in the library5.The efforts we have made (似乎全白费了).I1.Our responsibility is to (保持我们的房间干净整洁).2.Scarcely (她刚要睡着) when a knock at the door awakened her.3.Smith kept thinking hard but failed (拿出一个可行的计划).4.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she (渡过了最困难时期).5.They often make preparations for their work （提前几天或几周）.J1.He applied for a job only (结果被拒绝).2.The more I thought about it, (我越觉得惭愧).3.(过分担心一次失败是没有用的)，and we should draw some usefullessons from it.4.Dick was sent to the hospital (在交通事故中受了点轻伤).5.In the past few years, perhaps no other topics (更受年轻人关注了) than thebid for the sponsorship of the Olympic Games.K1.(要不是计算机的出现)，our society wouldn’t have developed in this way.2.Today, people are more concerned about their health (比过去).3.How can you talk to her like that? She is the one (把你养大) and helped youfinish school.4.I don’t suggest that he is negligent, (更没有暗示他不诚实).5.The depth of water in the first tube is nearly (一半高度) in the other.L1.(从他的口音判断), he must be a northerner.2.The doctor advised that (她应该节食) in order not to put on weight.3.I didn’t expect so heavy traffic, otherwise (我就会早点动身).4.When I arrived home, I found (房子被破门而入了).5.Jack was caught (考试作弊).M1.(把所有的因素考虑进去)，his plan is the most practicable.2. (正如我们所期待的那样)，the program went smoothly.3. No sooner (内战爆发) than some people fled their native villages.4. Only dimly (一些人明白)the ways in which the environment can be protected.5. They would rather die as free man (也不愿作奴隶而生).N1. (令他尴尬的是)he didn’t have enough money to pay the Scotch whiskey he had ordered.2. Not until the train started to move (我才停止哭泣).3. It seemed that the little boy (能够读懂我的心思), and he quietly gave me some newspapers of that day.4. I regretted having bought this suit, for its price is (与它的价值不成比例)5. Mr. Smith made full preparation for the experiment (以便实验能够顺利进行).N1.To his embarrassment2.did I stop weeping3.could read my mind4.out of proportion to its value5.so that it would go on smoothlyO1. (看在你哥哥的份上), I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.2. He didn’t pay his taxes and (结果以坐牢告终) .3. She makes jokes when she’s disappointed, (而不是发脾气).4. In the two world wars, tens of millions of people were (遭受了巨大的痛苦).5. Don’t (为这点小事大惊小怪的) because that is the last thing I expected. O1.For your elder brother’s sake2.ended up in prison3.rather than losing her temper4.subject to great suffering5.make a fuss about such a small thingP1. These letters are particularly valuable to us because Peter was clearly aware of the need to(抵制撒谎的诱惑).2. Two men, (这两个人以前我都没见过), came into my office.3. We (法律上有权利) take faulty goods back to the store where you purchased them.4. (面临失业的威胁), these workers yielded to the management’s advice and went back to work.5. The work is hard for you. You （不妨求助于你的老师）.P1.resist the temptation to tell lies2.neither of whom I had seen before3.are legally entitled to4.Faced with the threat of losing their jobs5.you might as well refer to your teacherA6.as in what he is7.However much he drankpared with other children of the same age.9.has called on both sides to observe10.As chance would have itB1.But for several interruptions2.The less nervous you will be before the exam3.are always breaking down4.how to avoid getting ill while traveling5.On averageC1.The thought of taking the exam again2.beyond / out of / above my reach3.the trip be put off4.When it comes to modern art5.as opposed to just copying from booksD1.depend largely on2.attach great importance to3.at the cost / expense of health4.keep an English-English dictionary handy5.where earthquakes are a common occurrenceE1.did she complain about the food2.it is no good3.is characterized by the combination of theory with practice4.are being built everywhere in the country5.as by his lack of music artF1.cannot be over-stressed2.but that it is beyond my power3.what blood is to a man’s body4.what is disturbing us5.to make sure that no important points had been omittedG1.concentrate on what the teacher says2.Be sure to set aside at least an hour3.It is reported that4.put off what we can do today5.couldn’t help thinking ofH1.has much to be improved2.vary from culture to culture3.in no mood for4.have difficulty getting access to5.seem to be in vainI1.keep our room neat and clean2.had she fallen asleep3.to come up with a practical plan4.has got through the most difficult time5.days or weeks in advanceJ1.to be turned down2.the more ashamed I became3.it is no use worrying excessively about a single failure4.because of a minor injury in the traffic accident5.have received more from the youthK1.But for the emergence of computer2.than they were in the past3.who brought you up4.much less that he is dishonest5.half thatL1.Judging from his accent2.she (should) go on a diet3.I would have set off earlier4.the house broken into5.cheating on/in the examM1.All things considered2.Just as we had expected3.had the civil war broken out4.are some people aware of5.than live as slavesN6.To his embarrassment7.did I stop weeping8.could read my mind9.out of proportion to its value10.so that it would go on smoothlyO6.For your elder brother’s sake7.ended up in prison8.rather than losing her temper9.subject to great suffering10.make a fuss about such a small thingP6.resist the temptation to tell lies7.neither of whom I had seen before8.are legally entitled to9.Faced with the threat of losing their jobs10.you might as well refer to your teacher。
考研英语翻译知识点与技巧总结考研英语中，翻译部分对于很多考生来说是一个具有挑战性的板块。
要在这一部分取得较好的成绩，掌握相关的知识点和技巧至关重要。
下面将为大家详细总结考研英语翻译的重要知识点和实用技巧。
一、考研英语翻译知识点1、词汇词汇是翻译的基础。
在考研英语翻译中，会遇到很多生僻词、多义词以及熟词僻义。
例如，“address”常见的意思是“地址”，但在某些语境中可能表示“处理、解决”；“appreciate”通常表示“欣赏、感激”，但也有“意识到、理解”的意思。
因此，考生需要在平时的学习中积累词汇，并注重词汇在不同语境中的含义和用法。
2、语法语法知识对于准确理解和翻译句子至关重要。
考研英语翻译中常见的语法点包括：各类从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等）、被动语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）等。
（1）定语从句定语从句在考研英语翻译中经常出现。
在翻译定语从句时，需要根据其与先行词的关系，灵活选择翻译方法，如前置法、后置法或融合法。
例如：The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）这里采用了前置法，将定语从句“which I bought yesterday”直接翻译在先行词“book”之前。
（2）状语从句状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句等。
翻译时要准确理解从句与主句之间的逻辑关系，并选择恰当的连接词。
比如：When I was a child, I often played in the park（当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常在公园里玩耍。
）（3）被动语态被动语态在英语中使用广泛，在翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯进行灵活处理。
有时可以保留被动形式，有时需要转换为主动形式。
例如：The problem was solved successfully（这个问题被成功解决了。
考研英语翻译必背高频词汇翻译是最难得题型，词汇量必须足，平时素材也要多积累，还要多练习。
下面是的相关内容，欢送阅读参考！能源大省major province of energy日程紧凑tight in schedule号召call upon节水的好处conservation benefits工业中水利用industrial reuse and recycling污染罚款pollution fines城市节水urban water conservation节水装置water saving fixtures地区经济regional economic港口经营多元化diversification in port operation责任和义务perform our duties and fulfill our obligations地区行业盛会a well-known regional event of the industry发起港initiating ports冲破藩篱break free民间团体civil society种族ethnic lines真正的合作伙伴genuine partnership违章建筑区squatter settlements享受不到without aess to畅所欲言open dialogues方案经济的束缚the bounding of planning economy紧迫问题pressing issues科教兴省和走可持续开展的道路vitalize the province by science and technology and sustainabledevelopment空前膨胀unprecedentedly inflated控制增长势头curb the trend of steep rise面临严峻挑战face severe challenges清醒地看到acutely aware生态恶化ecological deterioration提高意识strengthen the awareness相互尊重，求同存异，平等互利，优势互补，借鉴，拓展合作，立足当前，着眼未来respect each other, seek the mon ground while putting aside difference, enjoy equality andmutual benefits, plement each other’s advantages, learn each other’s experience, expand thecooperation, stand from the present and look forward to the future以此会议为契机take the opportunity of this seminar滞后lag behind转轨建制过程缓慢the transition of mechanism is slow总结经历教训draw lessons from the past以开展社区为宗旨的munity development oriented当之无愧的获奖者deserved winners少数民族ethnic minorities有报酬的gainful employment性别问题gender issues手工艺品handicraft works工薪阶层ine generation深入了解in-depth knowledge残疾人the handicapped不求最大，但求最好seek the best instead of the largest 产业构造industrial structure城乡一体化the unified design between the city and the countryside短期行为short-term conduct房地产开发real estate development扶贫帮困help and support the poor公共绿地public lawn公用事业public utilities会展中心convention center基建规模infrastructure scale精品意识consciousness for the best精品住宅区model human settlements企业效益enterprise revenue。
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总AAbstractn.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的Acceleratevt.&vi. （使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生Achievementn.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成Acquirevt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Actionn.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节Activityn.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能Actuallyadv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的Additionaladj.增加的，额外的，另外的Advancevt.&vi. （使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出Advantagen.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势，（网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out）Agreevi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处Almostadv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近Amountn.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计Approachvt.&vi. 接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近Appropriateadj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用Arguevt.&vi. 争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说Arisevi.&link v. 呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立Aspectn.方面，方位，朝向Assertvt.声称，断言，维护，坚持Assumevt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职Attemptn.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图Augmentvt.增加，提高，扩大；n.增加，提高，扩大Availabilityn.可用性，有效性，实用性BBasen.基础，底座，基地，根据地vt.把⋯建立在，以⋯为基础Behavioraladj.动作的，行为方面的Branchn.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系；vi.出枝，树叉CCausen.原因，起因，故，理由vt.成为⋯的原因；导致，促使，使发生Centralizevt.使⋯处于中央的控制之下，把⋯集中于中央，成为⋯⋯的中心，把⋯⋯集中起来Challengen.挑战，邀请比赛，怀疑，质问，艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑Changevt.改变，变革，交换，替换以⋯⋯兑换，把⋯⋯变成⋯⋯（into ）；n.改变，变化，变更Charactern.品质，特性，特色，特征，好的品质，人物，角色（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字Chargevt.装（满），使饱含；控告，指责（with ）；把⋯⋯归咎于（to，on，upon）要（价），收（费）；n.电[载，负]荷；主管，负责，委托，管理；受照料者，费用，价钱，Choicen.选择，挑选，供选择的东西；adj.上等的；精选的Circumstancen.环境，条件，情况，境遇，经济状况Closelyadv.接近地，亲密的；adv.精密地，严密地Commentn.评论，意见，解释，批评；vt.&vi. 评论；谈论Comparativeadj.比较的，相比的，相比之下的，相比而言的，相对的Compensatevt.&vi. 补偿，报酬Competentadj.适当的，称职的，胜任的，有能力的，有资格的，权限内的，充足的；耐久的Completeadj.完整的，整个的；完成的，圆满的，十足的，完美的；（设备等）齐全的；vt. 完成，结束Complexadj.由许多部分组成的，复杂的，难懂的n.综合体，集合体Conceptn.「哲」概念，观念，思想，（基本）原理，定则，意想Conclusionn.结束，结论，结尾，推论Concreten.凝结物，混凝土；a.具体的，实在的，混凝土的；vt.（使）凝结，用混凝土浇筑；vi.（使）凝结，用混凝土浇筑Conditionn.状况，状态；地位，健康状况，可使用的状况条件，先决条件环境，情况疾病；vt.制约，限制Conductvt.&vi. 引导，带领，担任指挥；n.举止，行为Connectionn.连接，联结，联系；关系Consequencen.结果，后果；「数」后承；「逻」结论，重要（性）；重大意义Considerationn.考虑，思考；顾虑（为别人）着想；体谅，考虑的结果Contendvi.抗争，争论，争辩，斗争，n.竞[斗]争者，争论者Continuevt.继续（做某事），使延长[伸]，持续，接着说Controln.控制，支配，管理，调节，抑制，控制器，调节装置vt.控制，支配，管理（物价等），操纵，抑制Conveyvt.传导，运[传，输]送Convincevt.使相信[信服]，说服，使承认；使悔悟；使认错[罪]Cosmosn.宇宙，世界，完整的体系，秩序，和谐Createvt.创造，建立，造成，引起，产生Criticsn.评论，评论家Culturaladj.文化的，与文化有关的n.风俗，习惯，惯例，常规，传统，[the Customs]海关；[pl.] 关税deal with惠顾；与⋯交易，和⋯做买卖，应付，处理；对待DDecaden.十年，十年间Definevt.精确地解释；界定，给⋯⋯下定义Delightfuladj.令人非常高兴的，讨人喜欢的Demandvt.要求，请求，需要，查问，询Demonstratevi.举行示威游行（或集会）vt.说明，演示，论证，证明Dependvi.[ 通常与on，upon 连用]依靠，依赖，相信，信赖，取决于，由⋯⋯而定Designvt.设计；作图案；打图样，绘制，盘算，筹划，（在心中）计划，设计，企图，预谋Detailn.细节；详细；详情；琐事；枝节；琐碎Determinevt.决心，决意vi.决定；决心Difficultyn.困难；艰难，难事；困境Digitaladj.数字式的，数码的Directlyadv.直接地，径直地，conj.一⋯就⋯Disciplinevt.训练，训导，处罚，惩n.训练，纪律Distinctlyadv.独特的；清晰的；明显的；确定无疑的Divertvt.使转向，使转移，使消遣，vi.转移，转向，转入EEffectiveadj.有效的；生效的，事实上的，Efficiencyn.效率，效能Either ⋯o（r两者之中）任何一个，（否定句中）也Electvt.（进行）选举，推举，决定（做某事）adj.电子的；电子器件的Elegantadj.优美的，文雅的；讲究的，简洁的，Elementaryadj.基本的，初级的，小学的，简单的，容易的Elsewhereadv.在别处，到别处Emphasisn.强调，重点Enhancevt.提高，增加，加强Entitlevt.给⋯⋯题名，给⋯称号[尊称]，给予⋯⋯权利[资格]（to）；Environmentn.周围；围绕，环境（周围的状况）；自然外界Equalityn.同[平]等，均一[等]；一样Equipvt.装备，配备，装束，使具备Essentialadj.重要的，根本的，本质的，实质的，不可少的；n.[pl.] 本质，实质，精华Establishvt.成立，建立，开设，确立，Eventn.事件，大事，[pl.] 时事，时局；偶然可能发生的事Evidencen.证词；证据；迹象vt.表明，显示Exaggerationn.夸大[张]，（艺术等的）夸张手法Excludevt.排除；不包括在内Existvi.存在，有，生存；活着Expandvt.&vi. 使⋯变大，扩大，扩张，张开，展开Expectvt.预料；预期vi.期望，期待，希望Expensen.消耗，花费，费用Experiencen.经验，体验，经历；阅历；vt.经历，感受，n.解释，说明；注释，辩解[明]Explorationn.探险旅行；搜寻，考察，探索Explosionn.爆炸；爆发，激增，扩大Exposevt.曝光，暴露；显露Extentn.长度，面积，范围，程度，限度Externaladj.外面的，外部的，外观的，表面的Extremeadj.尽头的，末端的，极度的，极端的；n.极端，过分FFabricatevt.编造，捏造，虚构；伪造far-reachingadj.深远的Fascinatingadj.迷人的，有极大吸引力的Faultn.缺点，缺陷；过失，过错Favorableadj.赞成的，有利的，赞许的，讨人喜欢的，起促进作用的Feelingn.知觉，感觉，感触，态度，看法Forcen.力；力量；武力；暴力；vt.强制，迫使，逼迫Formn.组成，结构，形式；表格；vt.塑造，养成，成立Formulatevt.构想出，规划，确切地阐述Functionn.功能；作用；职责；vi.工作，运行，起作用Fundamentaladj.基本的；重要的，必要的；n.基本原则，基本法则Furthermoreadv.而且，此外GGeneraladj.普遍的，全面的；总体的，一般的，通常的n.光荣，荣誉，壮丽，非常美的事物；给人荣耀的事，值得称赞的事Graspvt.抓住，理解，领会n.抓住；理解HHostn.主人（对宾客而言），（广播，电视的）节目主持人vt.主办（宴会等）；款待，作主人招待Humblyadv.谦恭地，卑贱地；粗陋地IIdentityn.身份，个性，特性，同一性，一致性Ignorevt.不顾，不理，忽视Immediateadj.立即的，即刻的；紧迫的，当前的Improvevt.&vi. 改善，改进，提高Includevt.包住，关住，包含，包括，算[计]入Increasevt.&vi. 增加，增大，增多n.增长；增进Individualadj.个别的，单独的，个人的，独特的n.个人Industryn.工业，制造业，工业界，[总称]企业；产业Inflationn.（充气而引起的）膨胀，通货膨胀Injuriousadj.伤害的，中伤的，不公正的Innovationn.改革，革新，创新，新观念，新方法，新发明Inquiryn.打听，询问，调查，查问Insightn.洞察力，洞悉，深刻的见解，领悟，顿悟Instinctn.本能；天性；直觉Institutionn.创立；制度；惯例；（社会或宗教等）公共机构；协会，事业机构Instrumentn.器具，仪器，乐器vt.使结合成为整体vt.&vi. （使）融入Intellectualadj.智力的；理智的，善于思维的；n.知识分子Interestn.兴趣；爱好，利益；vt.使产生兴趣，引起⋯的意愿Internaladj.内（部）的，内在的；心灵的，精神的，国内的；Interpretvt.解释；说明；vt.&vi. 口译；翻译Inventionn.发明（才能），创造（力），发明物，捏造，虚构Involvevt.使卷入；使陷入；使参与，牵涉Issuen.问题，议题；争论点，vt.出版，发行，发表，发布；vi.冒出，传出JJudgen.法官，裁判员；vt.&vi. 审判；评判；断定LLargelyadv.在很大程度上，大半地，主要地Leadvt.&vi. 带路，领路，指引，领导；指挥Lievi.躺，卧，位于；vi.&linkv. 平放；n.谎话Linkvt.&vi. 连接，联系；n.环，联系，纽带MMaintainvt.保持；继续，维护，Massn.团，块，堆，大量，众多vt.&vi. （使）集中；聚集；adj.许多的，大规模的，群众的Mathematicsn.数学Meansn.方法，手段Measurevt.&vi. 量出；记录，估计，估量，仔细考虑；n.尺寸，尺度；Median.媒体Methodn.方法，办法，秩序，条理adj.道德上的，有道德的；n.教育意义，寓意，道德，品行，Movevt.&vi. 移动；搬动vt.使感动，激起；n.动，移动NNativeadj.出生地的，故乡的，当地（人）的；原产于某地的；n.当地人，本地人nolessthan不少于，多达Notionn.概念，观念，意愿，打算，意图OObligevt.&vi. 迫使做；使负义务，满足请求；施惠；vt.感激Observevt.&vi. 观察；研究；vt.看到；注意到，遵守；遵循Obviousadj.明显的；显而易见的Occurvi.（事件等）发生，想起，出现；被发现Offendvt.触怒；冒犯，使反感vi.犯规，触犯Operationn.操作，运转（方式），作用，效力，「医」手术Ordinaryadj.普通的，平常的；平庸的，平淡的Owingto由于，因为PParalleladj（. 指至少两条线）平行的，类似的；n.平行线[ 面]，极相似的人[事物]，类似（点），相似（之处）Particularadj.特定的，某一的，特殊的，特有的n.详情；细目Partlyadv.在一定程度上，部分地，不完全地Passionn.热情，强烈感情（尤指爱、恨、怒），爱情；情欲，爱好；Pastadj.以前的，过去的n.过去，昔时；往事prep.（表示时间）迟于，晚于，（表示关涉）从⋯旁边通过Patternn.型，样式，花样，图案vt.模仿；仿制Performvt.履行，执行，完成（事业），演奏，演出Personalityn.人，人的存在；个性；「心理」性格；人格，品格Phenomenan.现象（单数）Philosophern.哲学家，思想家；学者Pointn.要点，论点，观点；vt.削尖；vt.&vi. 指；指向Possibleadj.可能的，可能存在[发生，做到]的；潜在的Practicen.练习，实习，实践，实际Predictvt.&vi. 预言；预测；预示Predictionn.预言；预言的事物Preservevt.保护；维护，保藏，蜜饯（水果）；腌制（蔬菜等）；Primaryadj.首要的；主要的；最初的；初级的Principlen.原理，原则，主义；本质，Privilegen.特权，特别待遇或权益；vt.给与⋯⋯特权，特免Processn.过程，进程vt.加工；处理；vi.列队行进Producevt.&vi. 生产，产生，出产，制作，创作Provevt.证明，查验，检验，勘探，显示；vi.证明是，「经」证实Psychologicaladj.心理的；精神的，心理学的；关于心理学的QQuarreln.争吵，不和，口角vi.争吵，争辩RRagevi.大发脾气，动怒n.狂怒，盛怒ratherthan（要）⋯而不⋯，与其⋯倒不如⋯，宁可，宁愿Realizevt.实现，了解；认识到vt.&vi. 变卖；赚得Reasonn.理由；原因，理性，理智vt.&vi. 推理；思考Recognizevt.认出，识别出某人[某事物]Refervi.谈[涉，提]及，提到，指（的是），关系到vt.送交；提交Refinevt.精炼；精制；使纯净，使文雅高尚；使去掉粗俗言行；使变得完善Reflectionn.反映，反射；映像，倒影，折射，Regardvt.把⋯⋯视为，看作vi.注意；注视n.注重，考虑，Rejectvt.拒绝，谢绝；驳回n.被拒货品，不合格产品Relatevt.&vi. （把⋯）联系起来Relevantadj.有关的，切题的relyon信赖，依赖Requirevt.需要，要求；vi.命令，要求Researchn.研究；探讨vi.做研究，探究，探讨；vt.从事⋯的研究，为⋯而做研究Resolvevt.&vi. 决定；决心，解决（问题、疑问等）restsupon有赖于，取决于Resultn.结果；效果；后果；成效；vi.发生，产生；导致，结果是Revealvt.显示；露出，泄露；透露Revolutionn.革命，彻底改变，重大变革Revolvevt.使旋[绕]转；使周转，细想，盘算SSciencen.科学，科学研究，（一门）学科；自然科学，理科linkv. 好像；仿佛selectvt.选择；挑选adj.精选的，挑选出来的Servevt.&vi. （为⋯）服务；任（职），提供，端上Showvt.&vi.给⋯看，显示，说明；表明Significantadj.重要的，重大的，可观的，有意义的，Situationn.地点；场合，局面，情况，境遇，Smartadj.整洁漂亮的；思维敏捷的，伶俐的；聪明的vi.感到刺痛n.创伤Socialadj.社会（上）的，社交的，喜爱交际的Soundn.声音；响声vt.&vi. （使）发出声音；响Sourcen.源头，根[来]源，消息来源，出处，Specialadj.特别的，特殊的，专门的，专用的，Specificadj.明确的，确切的，具体的，特定的Standardn.标[基，水]准，规格[范]，典范，adj.标准的，权威的，模范的Staten.状态，状况，国家，政府，州；邦；vt.陈述；敘述Stressn.压力，紧张，重力，重音vt.重读，强调Strikinglyadv.醒目地，引人侧目地，突出的，鲜明的，Structuren.结构，构造v t.组织；制定Subjectn.主题；题目；科目；课程adj.常有[常患，常遭受] ⋯的；倾向于⋯的；vt.使服从，征服，Superioradj.（级别、地位）较高的；（品质、程度）优良的，较好的；n.上级，长官，上司Supportvt.支撑；撑扶；托住；支持；n.支撑，赞助Survivevi.幸存，活下来；vt.比⋯活得长，经历⋯之后还存在n.系统；体系，制度，体制TTechniquen.技巧，手法，技术Technologyn.科技（总称）；工艺；应用科学，工业技术Thereforeadv.因此，为此，所以，故⋯；由此得出Thoughtn.思索，思维能力；思想，思潮traitn.人的个性，显著的特点，特征，一点点，少许（of）Transfervt.&vi. 转移；迁移n.转移；转让；转录Transportn.运输，运输工具，流放犯vt.传送，运输，流放Treatn.款待，招待vt.对待，看待，处理Trendn.（海岸、河流、山脉等）走向，方向，趋势，倾向，流行，时尚UUndergovt.经历，承受Understandingn.了解；相互理解，谅解；adj 谅解的；通情达理的Uniqueadj.独一无二的，仅有的，特有的，少见的Untilprep.到⋯为止，在⋯以前conj.到⋯为止，在⋯以前，直到⋯才Vvalidatevt.证实；确证，使生效；使有法律效力Vanishvi.消失，突然不见，绝迹Variousadj.各种不同的，各种各样的Viewn.展望，视野，眼界，观点，看法WWhereasconj.但是，而Whether⋯or是⋯还是。
2010年46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。
49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
全国翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研常考词汇汇总以下是一些全国翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研常考词汇的汇总：
1. introduction - 介绍
2. interpretation - 解释
3. translation - 翻译
5. language - 语言
6. culture - 文化
7. meaning - 意义
8. context - 上下文
9. equivalent -等价词
10. sentence - 句子
11. phrase - 短语
12. word - 单词
13. grammar - 语法
14. syntax - 句法
15. semantics - 语义学
16. ambiguity - 歧义
17. idiomatic expression - 习语表达
18. register - 风格
19. collocation - 搭配
20. synonym - 同义词
21. antonym - 反义词
22. loanword - 外来词
23. neologism - 新词
24. dialect - 方言
25. phonetic transcription - 音标
这些词汇是考研中经常出现并且与翻译基础相关的词汇，考生可以参考这份汇总来进行备考。
同时，还需注意词汇的用法、搭配以及常见的翻译策略和技巧。
2023年考研英语：作文词汇翻译汇总2023年考研英语：作文词汇翻译汇总费时间去理解…… take time to acquaint oneself with………是此问题的核心…is at the root of the issue无法估计 is beyond calculation; incalculable无资格的 disqualified一些 a range of; a variety of; a series of; an array of无数 innumerable; countless许多 plenty of; many; much; a great deal of; a lot of; le依序列举 list in sequence时间词过时的 outdated; antiquated; outmoded; obsolete; anachronistic短暂的 ephemeral; transitory; transient; short-lived不合时宜的 anachronism可持久的 durable; able to stand wear; last a long time一再 time after time; again and again初始的 preliminary前述的 aforementioned; aforesaid; former自古到今 from ancient times to the present day; down through the ages一般而言 in general; generally speaking; by and large满于现状 be happy with what you are预测将来 project into the future另一个观点是…… another way of looking at the matter is…不宜取笑…… it is not decent to make fun of…评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors那并非说…… that does not mean that…那有这回事 there is no such thing as一个有待克制的困难是…… a major hurdle for us to overe is…由……造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from由……组成is made up of…; is prised of; consist 必须从两方面考虑此问题 this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制 limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check一般人认为…… conventional wisdom suggests that…这方法有陷阱 the method had pitfalls:说服 convince; persuade; cause to believe详细的 specific; concrete; tangible。
199771) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.199871) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of somerespected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.199971) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.200071) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere arefeeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.200171) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder -- kitchen rage.200261) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems200361) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “ culture,” like the concept of “ set ” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.200461) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.200546) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”.200646) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.2007(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.2008(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009(46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education --that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group2010(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.2011(46)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts —and reveal its erroneous nature.(47)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?"(48)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.2012(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.(47) Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.(48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word-order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.(50) Chomsky's grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenber-gian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word order relations.2013(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.(47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.(48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.(49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanishas if by magic.(50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.2014(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.(47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.2015(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon once another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th -and- 16th century explorations of North America.(50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.201646 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy；it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone。
