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【红宝书】考研英语考前预测——最后冲刺3套题
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（红宝书网上附赠）
【红宝书】全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(第三套)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C,or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
Culture is an activity of thought,and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling.__1__of information have nothing to do with it.A merely well-informed man is the most useless__2__on God’s earth.What we should__3__at producing is men who__4__both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start__5__,and their culture will lead them as__6__as philosophy and as high as__7__.We have to remember that the valuable__8__development is self-development,and that it__9__takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty.As to training,the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.
In training a child to activity of thought,above all things we must__10__of what I will call “inert ideas”——that is to say,ideas that are merely__11__into the mind without being__12__,or tested,or thrown into fresh combinations.
In the history of education,the most__13__phenomenon is that schools of learning,which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius,in a__14__generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine.The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas.Except at__15__intervals of intellectual motivation,education in the past has been radically__16__with inert ideas.That is the reason why__17__clever women,who have seen much of the world,are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community.They have been saved from this horrible __18__of inert ideas.Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity__19__greatness has been a__20__protest against inert ideas.
1．［A ］
Chips ［B ］Scraps ［C ］Fractions ［D ］Plates 2．［A ］
bore ［B ］irony ［C ］snob ［D ］gut 3．［A ］
point ［B ］aim ［C ］clutch ［D ］snap 4．［A ］
identify ［B ］occupy ［C ］possess ［D ］ensure 5．［A ］
with ［B ］from ［C ］into ［D ］beyond 6．［A ］
linear ［B ］deep ［C ］militant ［D ］odd 7．［A ］
zoom ［B ］art ［C ］rap ［D ］poll 8．［A ］
rational ［B ］physiological ［C ］divine ［D ］intellectual 9．［A ］mostly ［B ］randomly ［C ］seldom
［D ］regularly b a o s h u .c o m
10．［A ］
beware ［B ］dispose ［C ］ensure ［D ］boast 11．［A ］
contained ［B ］received ［C ］squeezed ［D ］embedded 12．［A ］
utilized ［B ］assessed ［C ］gauged ［D ］geared 13．［A ］
integral ［B ］classical ［C ］obscure ［D ］striking 14．［A ］
succeeding ［B ］preceding ［C ］accompanying ［D ］emerging 15．［A ］
rare ［B ］minor ［C ］scarce ［D ］regular 16．［A ］
infected ［B ］influenced ［C ］instructed ［D ］endowed 17．［A ］
unrefined ［B ］unintended ［C ］unrestrained ［D ］uneducated 18．［A ］
load ［B ］burden ［C ］gap ［D ］span 19．［A ］
off ［B ］on ［C ］into ［D ］with 20．［A ］violent ［B ］passionate
［C ］exempt ［D ］idealistic Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)
Text 1
At the root of British decline was the persistence well into the twentieth century of the very organizational structures that had brought Britain to dominance in the nineteenth century.Fundamentally,Britain 's economic problem was not its “bloody -minded workers ”but its “narrow -minded managers.”Major British firms continued to be controlled by proprietary interests,who,for fear of losing financial and managerial control over their enterprises,failed to make the investments in managerial structures!That came to characterize successful capitalist development in economies such as the United States,Germany,and Japan.With the consolidation of “managerial capitalism”in these nations in the first decades of this century,business that did not build managerial structures to plan and coordinate manufacturing and marketing could not hope to compete effectively in international competition for mass markets.Of particular relevance to the story being told here,in the absence of investments in managerial structures,proprietary firms continued to rely on manual workers to coordinate the flow of work,the division of labor,and the training of young recruits on the shop -floor.
In the twentieth century as in the nineteenth century,the reliance of British capitalists on shop -floor labor to coordinate production activities continued to have the advantage of fixed costs that were low relative to the organizational and technological investments characterizing managerial capitalism as it was developing elsewhere.But,over the course of the twentieth century,as managerial enterprises in places such as the United States,Germany,and Japan began to transform the high fixed costs of their innovative investment strategies into low unit costs,the value -creating advantages of Britain 's low fixed cost,labor -intensive strategy became
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increasingly difficult to maintain.
As was the case in the expansion of the British cotton textile industry before World War I,value creation came to depend increasingly on the supply of greater effort by shop -floor workers rather than on the planned coordination of effort -saving technology by managers.The British labor -intensive strategy,with its low fixed costs and reliance on worker effort,could compete for a time against high fixed cost competition.But,with the development and utilization of effort saving technologies elsewhere,the competitive capabilities of British effort -using strategies reached their social and technical limits.
By the first decades of the twentieth century,therefore,Britain was no longer the workshop of the world.Textiles and iron and steel,along with metalworking industries producing ships,locomotives ,steam engines,and textile machinery had formed the manufacturing basis of the nation 's nineteenth -century economic power.
21.According to this article,what is the reason for the British decline?
［A ］The workers didn 't work hard.
［B ］The owners of enterprises were narrow -minded and they were unwilling to renovate its
organizational structure.
［C ］“Managerial capitalism ”was consolidated in other countries in the first decades of the
twentieth century.
［D ］Both B and C.
22.Britain employed ＿＿＿strategy.
［A ］effort -saving
［B ］high fixed innovative costs
［C ］labor -intensive
［D ］capital -intensive
23.Before World War I,British cotton textile industry 's value creation depended on ＿＿＿.［A ］low fixed costs
［B ］utilization of effort -saving technologies
［C ］greater effort by shop -floor workers
［D ］investments in managerial structures
24._________characterizes the United States,Germany and Japan 's successful capitalist
development.
［A ］Low fixed costs
［B ］Utilization of effort -saving technologies
［C ］Greater effort by shop -floor workers
［D ］Investments in managerial structures
25.Which of the following isn 't true about managerial capitalism according to this article?［A ］Only those enterprises that built managerial structure could hope to compete effectively in
international competition in the twentieth century.
［B ］Managerial capitalism was characterized by organizational and technological investments.
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［C ］Now compared with the innovative investment strategies,the labo-intensive strategy still
had advantage in value -creating because of its low fixed costs.
［D ］A and B are true.
Text 2
Back in the 1870s,Charles Darwin’s cousin Francis Galton wanted to define the face of a criminal.He assembled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining them up on a single photographic plate.The surprise:everybody liked the villain,including Galton himself.He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process.In the next century,scientists began to show reliably that faces combined digitally on computers were likable —more so than the individual faces from which they were composed.Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton’s breasts,in general humans like averages.
Researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm.But they also found that the norm can change quickly.When researchers showed 164people sets of 100computer-generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female —and from Japanese to Caucasian —it turned out that the test subjects’idea of what constitute an “average ”face shifted depending on the first face they saw.When they were flashed a supermasculine face first,more faces on the spectrum impressed them,by contrast,as female.The masculine face had,in effect,set a standard.From then on,other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender.The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust.
The authors,who published their results in the journal Nature,conclude that in real life we also quickly change our perception of the midpoint —what’s normal —depending on what we see.We may not be aware that our judgment has changed;we simply see differently,says Michael Webster,a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study.
One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward what’s acceptable,and what’s beautiful,change over time.“If you look at plastic-surgery trends,in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned noses,”notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff,author of the book Survival of the Prettiest:The Science of Beauty.“Now the noses are broader and the lips are plumper.We re seeing images from around the globe,and it’s changing our idea of the average.”So if you’re unhappy with some aspect of your face,take comfort:beauty is a moving target.
26.Francis Galton’s test shows that ________.
［A ］people prefer average faces to those with conspicuous features
［B ］sometimes evil persons have more attractive appearance
［C ］it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary people
［D ］the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people
27.By mentioning the experiment in the second paragraph,the author implies that _______.［A ］our definition of what’s normal varies with gender
［B ］our focus of attention varies with gender and age
［C ］our definition of what’s average changes over time
［D ］our focus of attention is distracted when interfered
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28.If researchers want the subjects to regard more faces as male,they should present.［A ］a more masculine face first
［B ］a more feminine face first
［C ］a less masculine face first
［D ］a less feminine face first
29.The word “perception”in the third paragraph probably means.
［A ］observation ［B ］standard
［C ］performance ［D ］understanding
30.We can infer from the last paragraph that .
［A ］upturned noses will soon be considered beautiful
［B ］defects in facial features may someday be appealing
［C ］plastic-surgery is a well-developed industry
［D ］people should be confident of their appearance
Text 3
I wonder how today’s advice columnists might handle a query John Dunton —a London printer and bookseller who offered to answer questions from readers of his periodical,The Athenian Mercury —received in 1691.Someone asked Dunton what a man should do if his mother and his sweetheart were in equal peril at the same time.Which one should he save?Dunton suggested that “we esteem it more generous,were it possible,to die himself than lose either.”Gallant Mr.Dunton appears nearly halfway through Mary Beth Norton’s suggestive if idiosyncratic new book,“Separated by Their Sex.”He is a negative character in the story,since Norton assigns him the role of defining women as suited to the soft glories of home life and men as strivers in the public world.His courtesy was part of a larger effort to keep the “fair sex”away from political power.Or so it seems.
Norton,a professor of history at Cornell,contends that in about the years between 1640and 1760men were increasingly viewed as public beings and women as private ones.Her book presents case studies from both sides of the English-speaking Atlantic world to argue for a fundamental shift in definitions of political capacity.At first,status mattered more than gender.That “before”picture was wonderful for female aristocrats.They could sometimes vote,and they intervened in political affairs early and often.In Norton’s first chapter,for example,Lady Frances Berkeley,the wife of Virginia’s governor in the late 17th century,insults three of her husband’s opponents by sending the public hangman to wait upon them,as if they were criminals who deserved no better servant.But by the end of the book,even female aristocrats had been shooed home and their views of public affairs reduced to tea-table gossip.Politics was now a masculine preserve.
Norton analyzes tightening verbal associations —“public ”equals men and “private ”equals women —in several kinds of writing.These include published literature that told men and women how to behave,as with Dunton’s Mercury.She also dissects unpublished writings that showed some acceptance of the changing behavioral norms,as in two interludes that examine the
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diary of the American colonist Sarah Kemble Knight and the correspondence of Hester Granville Pitt and Lady Chatham.
The materials are rich,but most historians will be surprised that Norton goes after them with the equivalent of a power tool that has lost its edge.The idea of separate spheres for men and women has been a point of analysis,if not contention,for at least a generation of women’s historians.Many scholars have concluded that any notion of a complete separation is misleading,because exceptions and crossovers were so frequent.For that reason,it is hard to tell whether Norton is right.Her cases may match her analysis,but are they the only ones that existed?
Moreover,Norton characterizes her book as descriptive —it explains what happened,but not why.That weakens its impact.Near the book’s end,she lists several factors that might have encouraged the separation of the sexes:changes in political ideas,commercialization of economic relations and new theories about male and female bodies.But given her emphasis on language,it is not clear why she offhandedly lumps the topic of political thought in with economics and medical science.Shouldn’t the language of political ideology have been what she explored and defended?The timidity of the summary doesn’t match an otherwise bold book.
21.The story of Dunton in the first paragraph is to_______.
［A ］explore how the columnists nowadays answer the questions Dunton used to receive
［B ］prepare for the introduction of Norton’s opinions,and imply the author’s disagreement with
her opinions to some degree
［C ］elaborate the reasons why Gallant Mr.Dunton is a negative character in Norton’s new book ［D ］support the ideas in Norton’s new book
22.According to Mary Beth Norton,_________.
［A ］the story of Lady Frances Berkeley illustrates that women have been playing a role in
political affairs
［B ］only female aristocrats had the right to be engaged in political affairs
［C ］by the end of the book,females were engaged in political affairs to the tea-table ［D ］females gradually lost their rights to be engaged in political affairs
23.According to Norton,Dunton's Mercury_______.
［A ］made women not so closely associated with public affairs
［B ］placed himself in a negative position
［C ］indicated his acceptance of behavioral norms
［D ］was the perfect illustration of the ideas in the new book
24.Norton's cases perfectly matching the analysis_________.
［A ］proved that her ideas were not correct
［B ］surprised the majority of historians
［C ］was because of ignoring some examples which are disadvantageous to her ideas ［D ］was misleading because there must be some exceptions and crossovers
25.The author thinks that the end of Norton's book________.
［A ］is descriptive and the impact is weakened
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［B ］doesn’t match the prudent style of book
［C ］factors that might have encouraged the separation of the sexes are not convincing ［D ］makes the readers confused
Text 4
Ever since Al Gore invented it,the Internet has been a paradise for those with a creative attitude to facts.Students,for example,commission and sell essays with such ease there that online “paper mills”devoted to this trade are one of the few dotcom business models still thriving.With a few clicks of a mouse,a student can contract out any academic chore to “research”sites such as https://www.doczj.com/doc/986599185.html, or the Evil House of Cheating.
One market opportunity,however,frequently creates another.The past few months have seen a rapid rise in interest in software designed to catch the cheats.The subscriber base of Turnitin,a leading anti -plagiarism software house based in Oakland,California,has risen by 25%since the beginning of the year.Around 150,000students in America alone are under its beady electronic eye.And in Britain,the Joint information Systems Committee,the unit responsible for advising the country’s universities on information technology,has tested the firm’s software in the five colleges.If it goes well,every university lecturer in the country will soon be able to inspect his students’submissions with it.
Turnitin’s software chops each paper submitted for scrutiny into small pieces of text.The resulting “digital fingerprint ”is compared,using statistical techniques originally designed to analyze brain waves (John Barrie,the firm’s founder,was previously a biophysicist),to more than a billion documents that have been fingerprinted in a similar fashion.These include the contents of online paper mills,the classics of literature and the firm’s own archive of all submitted term papers,as well as a snapshot of the current contents of the World Wide Web.Whenever a matching pattern is found,the software makes a note.After highlighting instances of replication,or obvious paraphrasing (according to Turnitin,some 30%of submitted papers are “less than original”),the computer running the software returns the interpreted document to the teacher who originally submitted it—leaving him with the final decision on what is and is not permissible.
Which teachers and institutions will choose to employ such software?Past research has shown that,perhaps surprisingly,academic dishonesty links with high academic achievement.Nor is public exposure of widespread cheating likely to polish a university’s reputation.Universities with the highest-achieving students and the most faultless reputations may therefore have the most to lose from anti -plagiarism software.Indeed,a curious pattern has emerged among Turnitin’s clients:good universities,such as Duke,Rutgers and Cornell,employ it.Those that like to think of themselves as top -notch,such as Princeton,Yale and Stanford,do not.According to Dr.Barrie,“You apply our technology at Harvard and it would be like a nuclear bomb going off.”
36.From paragraph one,we learn that
.［A ］with Internet,students may find it even more difficult to do research work
［B ］Internet has provided the students a rich source of material for paper compiling
［C ］Internet has beaten the companies devoting to academic cheating greatly
［D ］the invention of Internet has created great opportunity for academic cheating
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37.According to the passage,the great development of Turnitin is due to
.［A ］its superb management
［B ］the thriving of academic cheating
［C ］its big electronic eye
［D ］the test of its software by the Joint Information Systems Committee
38.It can be inferred from passage that the most possible cheaters are
.
［A ］students in good universities as Duke,Rutgers and Cornell
［B ］students in top universities as Princeton,Yale and Stanford
［C ］students who can use the anti -plagiarism software
［D ］students who need to compile academic paper 39.We can infer from the last sentence of the passage that
.［A ］Turnitin’s anti -plagiarism software can be well -accepted by Harvard University
［B ］the anti -plagiarism software may create some computer virus which is like nuclear bomb in
Harvard University
［C ］there must be a lot of academic cheating in Harvard University in Dr.Barrie’s opinion ［D ］Harvard University will adopt the software in a short time
40.According to the passage,the author’s attitude towards Turnitin’s anti -plagiarism
software may be said to be
.［A ］doubtful ［B ］indifferent
［C ］objective ［D ］favorable Part B
Directions:
In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A -G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
The relationship between people and animals changed with domestication,which also began about 12,000years ago.Instead of being actively hunted,domesticated animals were slowly brought under human control.(41)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
The first animal to be domesticated was almost certainly the dog,which was bred from wolves.It was followed by species such as the cat,horse,camel,and aurochs (a species of wild cattle),and also by the Asian jungle fowl,which is the ancestor of today 's chickens.Through selective breeding,each of these animals has been turned into forms that are particularly suitable for human use.Today,many domesticated animals,including chickens,vastly outnumber their wild counterparts.(42)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
Over the centuries,many domesticated animals have been introduced into different parts of the world only to escape and establish themselves in the wild.Together with stowaway pests such
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as rats,these “feral ”animals have often had a highly damaging effect on native wildlife.Cats,for example,have inflicted great damage on Australia 's smaller marsupials,and feral pigs and goats continue to be serious problems for the native wildlife of the Galapagos Islands.
(43)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.Some forms of hunting are carried out mainly for sport,but others products.Until recently,one of the most significant of these forms of hunting was whaling,which reduced many whale stocks to the brink of extinction.Today,highly efficient sea fishing threatens some species of fish with the same fate.
Since the beginning of agriculture,the human population has increased by more than two thousand times.To provide the land needed for growing food and housing people,large areas of the earth 's landscapes have been completely transformed.Forests have been cut down,wetlands drained,and deserts irrigated,reducing these natural habitats to a fraction of their former extent.
Some species of animals have managed to adapt to these changes.A few,such as the brown rat,raccoon,and house sparrow,have benefited by exploiting the new opportunities that have opened up and have successfully taken up life of farms,or in towns and cities.(44)＿＿＿＿＿.
In the 20th century,animals have also had to face additional threats from human activities.Foremost among these are environmental pollution and also the increasing demand for resources such as timber and fresh water.For some animals,the combination of these changes has proved so damaging that their numbers are now below the level needed to guarantee survival.
Across the world,efforts are currently under ways to address this urgent problem.In the most extreme cases,gravely threatened animals can be helped by taking them into captivity and then releasing them once breeding programs have increased their number.One species that has been saved in this way is the Hawaiian mountain goose.In 1951,its population had been reduced to just 33birds.(45)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
While captive breeding is a useful emergency measure,it cannot assure the long -term survival of a species.Today animal protection focuses primarily on the preservation of entire habitats,an approach that maintains the necessary links between the different species the habitats support.With the continued growth in the world 's human population,habitat preservation will require a sustained reduction in our use of the world 's resources to minimize our impact on the natural world.
［A ］Despite the growth of domestication,humans continue to hunt some wild animals.Animals
all feed on organic matter,but their diets and ways of obtaining food vary enormously.
［B ］Some animals are omnivorous,meaning that they are capable of surviving on a very wide
range of foods.
［C ］But most animals have specialized ways of life that make them dependent on a particular
kind of habitat.With the destruction of their habitats,their number inevitably declines.
［D ］In some cases,such as the horse,the original wild species has died out altogether.
［E ］Captive breeding has since increased the population to over 2，500,removing the immediate
threat of extinction.
［F ］Most predators hunt the largest animals that they can catch without putting themselves
unduly at risk.However,some animals concentrate on food items that are much too small to be worth collecting one by one.
［G ］Some were kept for food or for clothing,others for muscle power,and some simply for
companionship.
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Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)
There is no question that science -fiction writers have become more ambitious,stylistically and thematically,in recent years.(46)But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions —a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.Robert Silverberg,a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America,is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living.(Unlike mystery of Western writers,most science -fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie -ins.)
(47)Still in his late thirties,Silverberg has published more than a hundred books,and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet.By his own account,he was “an annoyingly verbal young man ”from Brooklyn who picked up his first science fiction book at the age of ten,started writing seriously at the age of thirteen,and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines.(48)At his parents’urging,he enrolled in Columbia University,so that,if the worst came to the worst,he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere ”.During his sophomore year,he sold his first science -fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula.By the end of his junior year,he had sold a novel and twenty more stories.(49)By the end of his senior year,he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction,and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life.“I became very cynical very quickly,”he says.First I couldn’t sell anything,then I could sell everything.The market played to my worst characteristics.An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten -thousand -word hole to fill in his next issue.I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars.I found that rewriting made no difference.(50)I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as reader—Joyce,Kafka,Mann—so I detached myself from my work.I was a phenomenon among my friends in college,a published,selling author.But they always asked,“When are you going to do something serious?”—meaning something that wasn’t science fiction —and I kept telling them,“When I’m financially secure.”
Section ⅢWriting
Part A
51.Directions:
Suppose you are an English teacher and you intend to work part time during your vocation.Write a letter of application for a post you would like.Your letter should include:
(1)Telling how you learned the news and show your desire to get the position.
(2)Describe your education background and working experience.
(3)Express your wish to have an interview opportunity.
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You should write about 100words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/986599185.html,e “Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.(10points)
Part B
52.Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay of 160-200words,in which you should ：
1)Describe the pictures briefly.
2)Interpret its meaning.
3)Give your comment.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)
过马路
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全国卷高考英语模拟试题 一、单项选择 26. The car looks quite new. Actually, it is ______ used one. A. a B. an C. the D. / 27. -Excuse me, but is that my passport? -Oh, sorry, I took ______ by mistake. A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his 28. -How was your interview yesterday? -Oh, I couldn’t fell ______. I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A. easier B. worse C. better D. happier 29. The mother is the center of the home, the ______ that holds it together. A. blue B. glue C. rule D. tool 30. We’re old enough to ______ some problems by ourselves. A. get on B. get into C. get over D. get off 31. The students are used to ______ physical exercise in the morning. A. do B. doing C. did D. have done 32. He looks tired. It seems he ______ too much. A. practices B. will practice C. has practiced D. is practicing 33. -Why did the truck break into the building? - Because the driver ______ on the phone. A. have talked B. talked C. has talked D. was talking 34. - Maria, I looked for you everywhere at the Kevin’s birthday party yesterday. - Oh, I didn’t go, because I ______. A. hasn’t invited B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. didn’t invite 35. -Mr. Wang, could you tell me ______ the magazines? -At most ten days. A. how often I can keep B. how often can I keep C. how long I can keep D. how long can I keep 二、完形填空 Many of us enjoy watching animals in the world. But do you know they can teach us? Geese(雁), for example, teach a very good lesson about ___36___. In the fall, Canada geese fly to the warm south to ____37__ Canada’s cold winter. They lift off in no order. Yet ___38___ they from a V shape, with one bird leading the group. This V shape allows geese to ___39____ energy. When the front bird moves its wings up and down, the resulting force of the air lifts the next one. This continues down the line. The bird ___40___ has the hardest job. When it gets ___41___, it moves behind, and another bird moves into the lead. By sharing the role, the group can travel great distances. Geese flying in a V shape can fly 70 percent farther without ___42___ than birds flying alone. During the long flying journey, geese communicate with one another. They honk(鸣叫) to ___43___ the birds up front to keep up the speed. They also cheer each other up ___44___ working toward a common goal. What have we learned from the lovely geese’s experience and skills? ___45___ together! Whether it is our personal lives or our jobs, we need other people. We need the spirit of teamwork. 36. A. experience B. success C. friendship D. teamwork 37. A. look for B. get away from C. wait for D. walk away from
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试（化学部分） 以下数据可供解题时参考： 相对原子质量（原子量）：Hl Cl2 N14 016 Na23 Mg 24 A1 27 S 32 C1 35.5 Cr52 Fe 56 Cu 64 1．等浓度的下列稀溶液：①乙酸、②苯酚、③碳酸、④乙醇，它们的pH 由小到大排列正确的是 A ．④②③① B ．③①②④ C ．①②③④ D ．①③②④ 2．下列叙述错误的是 A ．用金属钠可区分乙醇和乙醚 B ．用高锰酸钾酸性溶液可区分己烷和3-己烯 C ．用水可区分苯和溴苯 D ．用新制的银氨溶液可区分甲酸甲酯和乙醛 3．在容积可变的密闭容器中，2mol 2N 和8mol 2H 在一定条件下反应，达到平衡时，2H 的转化率为25％，则平衡时氨气的体积分数接近于 A ．5％ B ．10％ C ．15％ D ．20％ 4．室温时，将浓度和体积分别为1c 、1V 的NaOH 溶液和2c 、2V 的3CH COOH 溶液相混合，下 列关于该混合溶液的叙述错误的是 A ．若7ph >，则一定是 1122c v c v = B ．在任何情况下都是3()()()()c Na c H c CH COO c OH ++-- +=+ C ．当pH=7时，若12v v =，则一定是21c c > D ．若 12v v =，21c c =，则 33()()()c CH COO c CH COOH c Na -+ += 5．用石墨作电极电解4CuSO 溶液。通电一段时间后，欲使电解液恢复到起始状态，应向溶液中 加入适量的 ． A ．4CuSO B ．2H O C ．CuO D ．CuS04·52H O 6．将足量2CO 通入下列各溶液中，所含离子还能大量共存的是 A ．233K Cl NO +--- 、SiO 、、 B ．3244H Al SO +++- 、NH 、、 C ．224Na OH SO +--- 、S 、、 D ．6533Na C COO HCO +--- 、H O 、CH 、
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A If you frequently travel for business，Staybridge Suites offer you a range of home comforts．Four recent visitors to Staybridge Suites explain why they booked，what they enjoyed and what made them want to return． Claire Metcalf "The concept is great，but the staff are the ones who really make it．"she says．"It takes a lot of discipline to always be friendly，but the staff at Staybridge Suites do that．They genuinely care about you．" Andrew Roberts "One of the best things is having my own kitchen．I often end up working late and I don't fancy eating in a restaurant on my own，so cooking for myself is a big drawcard．" "The main thing for me is being able to cook and have my own little flat．The staff are amazing．It is great to be recognized by them，"he says． Pauline Robinson "What I love about it is the way that you are treated by the staff，"she says．"Some of the staff have been there all that time and they do look after you well．As a woman staying on my own，it is reassuring that they look out for you，and recently when I was poorly they even brought things I needed to my room．" Ryan Ruckledge "The fully﹣equipped kitchen is great．I always have a one﹣bed apartment so I have a separate kitchen and dining room and I'm able to relax and cook some meals．Eating out can feel a bit much when you do it day in and day out﹣it makes you hate what you do﹣and I don't want that． 21．What attracts visitors to Staybridge Suites A．A separate dining room．B．A one﹣bed apartment． C．A home from home．D．A lot of discipline． 22．Who think highly of the kitchen of Staybridge Suites A．Pauline Robinson and Ryan Ruckledge．B．Ryan Ruckledge and Claire Metcalf． C．Andrew Roberts and Ryan Ruckledge．D．Pauline Robinson and Claire Metcalf． 23．What does the underlined word ‘drawcard' in Paragraph 3 probably mean
2017年高考英语模拟试题（全国卷一） 第Ⅰ卷（共100分） 第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does this conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a department store. C. In the office. 2．What time is now? A. 6:45. B.7:15. C.7:45. 3. What do we know about Mike? A. He is on vacation. B. He likes travelling. C. He likes collecting postcards. 4. What does the man mean? A. Roger never takes a bus. B. Roger couldn't afford a car. C. Roger needn't take a bus now. 5. Why does the man want to change his job? A. He can’t bear the working hours.B．He is not paid well. C. He has found a better job. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料并回答第6至7题。 6. If possible, what will they do this weekend? A. Go climbing B. Go for a picnic. C. Go skating 7. How long will the weather last like this? A. 2 months B. 3months C.4 months 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8.Why does the woman come to the library？
内蒙古包头市第四中学2018届高考理综模拟试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。其中第Ⅱ卷第33～40题为选考题，其它题为必考题。考生作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共126分) 有关元素的相对原子质量是： H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 F-19 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Zn-65 一、选择题：本题包括13小题。每小题6分，共78分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。1．比较胚胎干细胞与胰腺腺泡细胞，相同的是( ) A．线粒体的功能 B．发育的全能性 C．膜蛋白的种类和数量 D．内质网上核糖体的数量 2．我国古代劳动人民积累的丰富农业生产经验，至今许多仍在实践中应用。下列叙述与植物激素作用无直接关系的是( ) A．适时打顶去心，可促植株开花结实。（据《农桑辑要》） B．肥田之沃，种绿豆最佳，小豆、芝麻次之。（据《齐民要术》） C．正月种白稻，五月收获后，根茬长新稻，九月又成熟。（据《广志》） D．前摘未熟红杮，每篮放木瓜两三枚，得气即发，涩味尽失。（据《格物粗谈》） 3. 人或动物PrP基因编码一种蛋白(PrP c),该蛋白无致病性。 PrP c的空间结构改变后成 为PrP Bc(朊粒)，就具有了致病性。PrP Bc可以诱导更多PrP c的转变为PrP Bc，实现朊粒的增——可以引起疯牛病.据此判——下列叙述正确的是( ) A.朊粒侵入机体后可整合到宿主的基因组中 B.朊粒的增殖方式与肺炎双球菌的增殖方式相同 C.蛋白质空间结构的改变可以使其功能发生变化 D. PrP c转变为PrP Bc的过程属于遗传信息的翻译过程 4.下列与实验有关的叙述，正确的是( ) A．人的口腔上皮细胞经处理后被甲基绿染色，其细胞核呈绿色 B．剪取大蒜根尖分生区，经染色在光镜下可见有丝分裂各时期 C．叶绿体色素在层析液中的溶解度越高，在滤纸上扩散就越慢 D．在光镜的高倍镜下观察新鲜菠菜叶装片，可见叶绿体的结构
高考英语完形填空考点归纳 完形填空考点归纳 以下是对近十多年来高考完形填空难度变化的一点体会： 高考考试说明对完形填空题型有以下规定：考生必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学的词汇和语法等知识，选择最佳答案。总地来说，有以下两个特点： 一、单纯的语法知识、固定搭配、惯用法、常用句型、词语辨异等趋于淡化。下面仅以词语辨异为例总结如下： 1、night/evening night指the time of darkness between evening and morning;而evening 指the time between sunset and bedtime. 2、know/learn/notice know知道；熟悉learn 听说；认识到；了解notice 注意到 3、sound/cry/voice/shout/noise sound 泛指各种声音cry，voice，shout一般都指人的声音noise 指噪音 4、take place 预料中的发生；happen意料外的发生；occur 两者兼有 What happened to（became of）you?你发生了什么事？ 5、anxious/eager/worried/hurried/nervous anxious 渴望的（eager）;担心的（worried ）hurried匆忙的nervous 神经紧张的 6、admire/enjoy admire oneself自我欣赏enjoy oneself玩得高兴 7、fun/joke/trick fun和joke都有开玩笑之意，fun不可数，joke是可数名词、前面要加不定冠词a play /a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑；a practical joke＝a trick恶作剧；play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人。 8、wonder/imagine/notice/examine wonder想知道；imagine想象；notice 注意到；examine 考查 9、way/means/method means[常用作单]方法；手段，工具; a means to an end达到目的方法；method方法、办法，与way 可以替换使用。 10、path/road/way path 小路；人行道road公路way 道路the way to the station 11、idea/opinion/suggestion/advice/tip idea 主意；意见opinion 意见；见解 suggestion可数advice不可数tip n.告诫，提示；劝告 12、examine/check/search examine 检查；诊察；审查，目的在于想了解有关的情况；check核实，检查，目的在于判断正误或是否正常；search搜查 13、usual/spare修饰 usual惯常的，平常的spare空闲的（free） 14、instead/however都作副词时，instead"而是"含有某种对比，however"可是""仍然"含有"转折""让步"的意思。 15、lost/missing/gone都可表示"丢失""不见了" lost可作定语；用被动语态；missing和gone一般作表语 16、pour/drop pour倒，灌；drop 使滴下，使落下 17、admire/inspire/support admire钦佩inspire鼓舞support 支持 18、courage/spirit/strength courage勇气spirit 精神strength力气 19、journey/travel/trip journey长途旅行travel广义的旅行trip旅行（一次来回）a round trip
高三英语模拟试题 （满分135分，考试时间120分钟） 一、语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完型填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1---15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Exam anxiety is something that almost every person experiences during his or her student life. Little anxiety actually helps one __(1)__ and work hard for the exams. However, if students spend all their time in feeling __(2)__ , a lot of valuable study time would be lost. In this competitive world, __(3)__ cause a lot of nervousness in students. For some, exam anxiety encourages them to work hard, while for others it may be the root cause for poor performance, leading to academic __(4)__ and lack of confidence. In fact, some students are anxious by nature and easily get nervous when they face a(n) ___(5)___ situation. They will think __(6)__ even if they have prepared well. They fear that they may __(7)__ what they have studied, and when it is too much, their __(8)__ is likely to come true. One of the most important methods of __(9)__ exam anxiety is to prepare well in advance. Studying regularly for a few hours every day helps increase the __(10)__ of students. If students are not able to handle anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, parents, friends or instructors. __(11)__ should also avoid giving pressure to their kids to do well. Creating a peaceful and __(12)__ atmosphere at home can be greatly helpful. To __(13)__ and sleep properly is also important. Students tend to avoid sleep and starve themselves due to anxiety, but it is __(14)__ to their academic performance and health. It’s better that students should plan their time well and take proper breaks between studying. They should always remember to set aside some time for their __(15)__ since some entertainment helps them relax and concentrate. 1. A. concentrate B. relax C. succeed D. experience 2. A. curious B. confident C. anxious D. calm 3. A. plans B. breaks C. jobs D. exams 4. A. failure B. achievement C, preparation D. performance 5. A. peaceful B. stressful C. natural D. avoidable 6. A. positively B. confidently C. intentionally D. negatively 7. A. remember B. forget C. learn D. lose 8. A. fear B. dream C.experience D. competition 9. A. increase B. feeling C. avoiding D. creating 10. A. relaxation B. pressure C. nervousness D. confidence 11. A. Teachers B. Parents C. Friends D. Instructor 12. A. relaxing B. exciting C. depressing D. worrying 13. A. learn B. play C. rest D. eat 14. A. helpful B. harmful C. important D. useless 15. A. studies B. situations C. hobbies D. meals 第二节语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
2018届普通高等学校高三招生全国统一考试模拟试题 英语（三） 注意事项： 1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第I 卷（选择题） 一、完形填空 During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally ______ the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not ______ but regret. That’s because many people just buy things to fill the ______ in their hearts, but accumulating things actually ______ the burden in their minds. The concept of Danshari may provide a(n)______ to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li,______ refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of ______ things and separating oneself from the drive to own ______ possessions. There are two basic rules that ______ whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under ______ as well as the timing. So before you ______ your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I ______ it now? Does it suit me? Danshari encourages you not only to ______ yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to ______ their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and ______ items, regularly ______ things you don’t need any more, then you’ll get freedom in your heart. However, it doesn’t mean that you should ______ your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should ______ yourself rather than material goods. Through ______ what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself,______ learning to make wise decisions about more important things. 1．A. prevents B. follows C. starts D. promotes 2．A. expectation B. wealth C. satisfaction D. relief 3．A. emptiness B. needs C. silence D. space 4．A. measures B. covers C. relieves D. indicates 5．A. limit B. alternative C. solution D. introduction 6．A. meaning B. abolishing C. violating D. predicting 7．A. updated B. temporary C. used D. unnecessary 8．A. private B. material C. valuable D. popular 9．A. prove B. permit C. decide D. affect 10．A. guarantee B. consideration C. control D. discussion 11．A. change B. create C. provide D. enter 12．A. need B. try C. want D. match 13．A. deny B. prepare C. spare D. serve 14．A. fix B. risk C. enrich D. simplify 15．A. special B. cheap C. suitable D. optional 16．A. discover B. recycle C. update D. abandon 17．A. fuel B. identify C. kill D. balance 18．A. reflect on B. focus on C. give up D. cheer up 19．A. choosing B. avoiding C. comparing D. mentioning 20．A. rather B. otherwise C. therefore D. still 二、阅读理解 A The Grand Canyon(大峡谷)Helicopter Tour You'11 discover the natural beauty of the Grand Canyon as your helicopter flies to the west edge ，passing over Lake Las Vegas ，Lake Mead and the Hoover Dam ．During the flight ，you can listen to a recorded introduction to the Grand Canyon and its surroundings via headphones ．At noon ，you’11 land for an unforgettable champagne picnic ，3，200 feet below the edge ．While you share a bottle of champagne ，your pilot and guide will be happy to answer any questions you may have ．Your flight ends with a low-level pass over the famous Las Vegas Strip ．On landing ，a comfortable car is waiting to bring you back to your hotel ． Each helicopter carries a maximum of 6 people including your pilot ．For a roomier experience ，upgrade your flight to an EC-130 helicopter which provides larger leg room and can accommodate more weight per seat ．See Additional Info for details on weight restrictions ． 此卷 只 装 订 不 密 封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
新课标2018年高考理综（物理）模拟试题 （考试时间：150分钟；满分：300分） 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共108分） 本卷共18小题，每小题6分，共108分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。 13．关于物理学史，以下说法错误的是： A．法拉第研究电磁感应现象，总结出电磁感应定律 B．开普勒认为对任意一个行星来说，它与太阳的连线在相等的时间内扫过相等的面积 C．伽利略通过“理想斜面实验”，科学地推理出“力不是维持物体运动的原因” D．卡文迪许利用卡文迪许扭秤实验装置首次测出了静电力常量 14．一束由红、蓝两单色光组成的光以入射角 由空气射到半圆形玻璃砖表面的A处，AB是半圆的直径。进入玻璃后分为两束，分别为AC、AD，它们从A到C和从A到D的时间分别为1t和2t，则 A.AC是蓝光， t小于2t 1
B.AC 是红光，1t 小于2t C.AC 是蓝光，1t 等于2t D.AC 是红光，1t 大于2t 15.如图所示，50匝矩形闭合导线框ABCD 处于磁感应强度大小210B T 的水平匀强磁 场中，线框面积S=0.5m 2 ，线框电阻不计。 线框绕垂直于磁场的轴OO ′以角速度ω=200 rad ／s 匀速转动，并与理想变压器原线圈相连，副线圈接入一只 “220V ，60W ”灯泡，且灯泡正常发光，熔断器允许通过的最大电流为10A ，下列说法正确的是 A ．中性面位置穿过线框的磁通量为零 B ．线框中产生交变电压的有效值为2500V C ．变压器原、副线圈匝数之比为25∶22 D ．允许变压器输出的最大功率为5000W 16．一列简谐横波，t=0时刻的波形如图中实线所示，t=0.2 s （小于一个周期）时刻的波形如图中的虚线所示，则 A ．波一定向右传播 B ．波的周期T=0.05s C ．波的传播速度可能为90 m ／s
2020届全国高考考前大冲刺卷模拟卷（五）英语试题 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力 本次训练无听力 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac The book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States. Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” The book tells a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams, and has a relationship. Experience the artist’s passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life. The Stories of Sahara, 1967, by Sanmao The book narrates the author’s simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scen ery and life there, along with the author’s romantic and intensive emotion, will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷） 英语 本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。第Ⅰ卷至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页， 共10页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草纸上答题不小。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回 第一节第Ⅰ卷（选择题共90分） 注意事项： 1.必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑 2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计90分。 第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分） 第一节单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door. —______ .Mike can do it later. A.No way B. Take your time C. Nothing serious D. You're welcome 2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs! A .must B. may C. can D.will 3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us. A．which B.what C.whose D.that 4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A.are being built B.will be built C.have been built D.had been built 5.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 6.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live. A.since B. until C.when D. before 7.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got. A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best 8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. A.where B.why C.what D.which 9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A.amaze B.amazing C.amazed D.to amaze 10.Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge. A.nothing B.no one C.neither D.none 第二节完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year,I__11_feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels had no__12__coming up right to me for them.As the months went by ,the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn’t escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片)，they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to_14___me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand. That second year,the rabbits__15___me,and one would even sit up for slices!While I was feeding them,I__16__that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an____17__interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long____18__,with a keen eye on those teeth,and __19_,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,both munching(津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots.A few months later,while ___20___,she would even turn her back to me.___21_when she was facing away,I reached out and ___22__scratched（搔）her back with my finger,She didn’t move. By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog ___23__didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back,and I got an ides,I’d always___24__,while slicing up carrots,that the end looked like a cap.____25___one day,just to see what she would do ,I gently ____26__ one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again,not a ___27__,The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures,____28___she had a slice to eat,she never ___29___ the one on her head.It was a fair __30__ —I got a pleasure,and she had yet another tasty treat.