必修一Unit 1 Friendship I.Vocabulary:
add up 合计
upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；
不适的；vt. 使不安；使心烦
ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
calm vt. & vi. (使)静；（使）镇定adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的calm …down （使）平静下来；
（使）镇定下来have got to 不得不；必须
concern vt. 担忧；涉及；关系到
n. 担心；关注
be concerned about 关心；挂念walk the dog 遛狗
loose adj. 松的；松开的
go through 经历；经受
set down 记下；放下；登记
series n. 连续；系列
a series of一连串的；一系列；一套outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外in order to 为了……
at dusk 在黄昏时刻
thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣n.雷；雷声
entire adj. 整个的；完全的；
entirely adv.
swap vt. 交换
item n. 项目；条款
power n. 能力；力量；权力
face to face 面对面地
curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布
dusty adj. 积满灰尘的
no longer / not … ang longer
不再…(与延续性动词连用)
partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞
highway n. 公路；大路
pack vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
pack sth. up 将东西装箱打包
suitcase n. 手提箱
overcoat n. 大衣；外套
teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
get along with 与……相处；进展
gossip vi. & n. 闲话；闲谈; 长舌妇
fall in love (to sb.)相爱；爱上
exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地
disagree vi. 不同意
grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
dislike vt. 不喜欢；厌恶
join in 参加；加入
spellbind vt. (spellbound,
spellbound) 迷住；迷惑
on purpose故意
be/get rid of 对……厌烦
recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；
重新获得
II.Reading ANNE’S BEST FRIEND安妮最好的朋友
Do you want a friend (whom/ who) you could tell everything to, like(= such as) your deepest feelings and thoughts? 译文：你需要一位可以倾诉衷肠的朋友吗？比如倾诉你的感情和思想。【注释: whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事；like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。】Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 译文：你是害怕你的朋友嘲笑你呢，还是担心你的朋友不理解你所经历的呢？【注释：第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；laugh at嘲笑；go through经历，检查，练习，遭受，完成。】Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.译文：安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种情况，所以她交了最好的朋友。【注释：make friends with sb.与……交朋友】
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.译文：安妮在二战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.译文：她的家人是犹太人所以他们必须躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹抓起来。【注释：so 引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”；be caught by…表示“被…抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。】She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 译文：她和她的家人躲藏几乎25月之后才被发现。【注释：①hide away意为“躲藏起来”。
②nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。③before表示“在…以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.
我还没来得及向她解释她就生气了。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。(4)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。】During that time the only true friend was her diary. 译文：在此期间，她唯一真正的朋友就是她的日记。She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty”.译文：她说：“我不想像大多数人所做的那样，只是记流水账，而是我想要我的日记成为我最好的朋友，并且我把我的朋友叫作基蒂”。【注释：①set down记下；（使）放下，（使）坐下，制定，降落。例如：1）He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。2）He set me down in a comfortable chair.他让我坐在一张舒适的椅子里。3）It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。②a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。③as引导方式状语从句，表示“像…一样”。例如：1）He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。2）She is as tall as her mother.她和她母亲一样高。④to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。】Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.译文：现在读读她从1942年7月以后躲藏起来的感受。
Thursday 15th June, 1944
Dear Kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.译文：我想知道是不是因为我好久没有能够到外面的缘故，以至于我对一切与自然有关的东西变得如此疯狂地喜欢。【注释：①outdoors adv.在户外，作状语；而outdoor 是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：1）Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。2）He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。②be/grow crazy about对…疯狂地喜欢，对…着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。③to do with…:与…有关；处置，对待。例如：1）I am not involved in it; it has nothing to do with me.我与这事没有牵连; 它与我无关。2）What shall we do with the drunken sailor?我们怎么处置这个喝醉的水手?】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.译文：我非常清楚地记得有一段时期湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的鸣唱、月光和鲜花从没能使我着迷。【注释：①well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：1）The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。2)You may well be right.很可能是你对. ②there was a time when…:有那么一个时期…。例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。③spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。】That’s changed since I was here.译文：自从来到这，这一切都改变了。
…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 译文：比如，一天晚上，非常暖和，为了独自能亲眼好好看一眼月亮，我就故意到晚上11点半还醒着。【注释：①on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。②in order to…:为了…, 动词不定式作目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to…引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后面，即so as to…不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to）prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。③by myself独自。如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。】But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.译文：可是，随着月光越来越
亮，我竟不敢打开窗户。【注释：①as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.
随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。②dare用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do;用作行为动词时后面要加to,即dare to do;不管是用作情态动词还是行为动词dare都有词形变化，即过去式为dared do, dared to
do,过去式的否定式为：didn’t dare do或didn’t dare to do;或dared not do和dared not to do】Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 译文：5个月之前，又有一次，黄昏时分我碰巧在楼上，突然，窗户开了。【注释：①happen to…碰巧，如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday. ②at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。③sb. happened to do sth. when ….某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然…。】I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.译文：直到窗户不得不关上，我才下楼。【注释：not…until…:直到…才…, 如：you don't know what you can achieve until you try.尝试后才能知道自己能成就什么。】The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;译文：那黑暗，那雨夜，那夜风，那闪亮轰鸣的云朵，它们完全把我笼罩着。it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…译文：那是我一年半以来第一次面对面目睹那夜色。【注释：it is the first time that sb. has done sth.某人第一次做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.这是我第一次到温州来。注意：It was the first time that sb. had done sth.】
…Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.译文：遗憾的是…,我只能通过悬挂在布满灰尘窗户上的肮脏的窗帘来观看大自然。【注释：hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰限制前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如：(09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced
B. forcing
C. to be forced
D. having forced
(09浙-7)There is a great deal of evidence ___ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate
B. indicating
C. to indicate
D. to be indicating 】
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.译文：再看这外面的大自然已经没有意义了，因为大自然只有经过亲身体验才有意义。
【注释：①It's no pleasure/ use/ good/ need + doing s th.做某事没有意义/没有用/没有好处/没有必要。要注意：There is no pleasure/ need/ use/ good + to do sth. ②looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的It是形式主语; ③look through意思为：⑴仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。
⑵对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。
⑶穿过…看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。
⑷看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。】
6．Your friend comes to school very upset.【精提取】upset为形容词作伴随状语。
【巧应用】小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。
The thief hid himself in the corner，________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：afraid of being caught
【考题】They ________the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows.
A．attended B．held C．upset D．mixed
解析：选C。句意：他们大喊大叫并不断向窗子扔石头打乱了会议。upset 打乱；attend参加；hold举办，容纳；mix混合。
7. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
【精提取】before conj.，意为“在……之前”，常翻译为“不等……就”，引导时间状语从句。【巧应用】我还没来得及与他说再见他就走了。
He left ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：before I could say goodbye to him
8. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
【精提取】there was a time when a deep blue sky，...此处when引导的定语从句修饰time。【巧应用】曾经有一段时间，不允许妇女上学。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ women were not allowed to go to school.
答案：There was a time when
必修一Unit 2 English around the World I．Vocabulary
subway n. 地下人行道；（美）地铁
elevator n. 电梯；升降机
petrol n. 汽油（=美gasoline）
oficial adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
voyage n. 航行；航海
conquer vt. 征服；占领
because of 因为；由于
native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人come up 走近；上来；提出
apartment n. 公寓住宅；单元住在
actually adv. 实际上；事实上
base vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础be based on 以……为根据
at present 现在；目前
gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善
vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表
make use of 利用；使用
take advantage of 利用；使用
spelling n. 拼写；拼法
latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两着中）后者的identity n. 本身；本体；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的
fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地
such as 例如……; 像这种的
frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的frequently adv. usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法
command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握
have a good command of …精通；掌握request n. & vt. 请求；要求
at sb’s request 应某人邀请
dialect n. 方言
expression n. 词语；表示；表达
midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特征的play a part (in) 扮演了一个角色；参与
eastern adj. 东方的；东部的
southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
lorry n. (美= truck)卡车
accent n. 口音；强调；重音
lightning n. 闪电
straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直接的
block n. 街区；块；木块；石块
cab n. 出租车
II. Reading The Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.译文：在16世纪末，大约有500万至700万人说英语。【注释：at the end of …：在…末尾；at the end of the day最终，到头来；be at (have come to) the end结束，完成；be at the end of到了…的尽头；几至耗尽；all ends up完全地，彻底地；in the end最后，终于；by the end of…:到…为止。】Nearly all of them lived in England.译文：他们几乎都住在英格兰。Later, in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.译文：后来，在随后的一个世纪里，来自英格兰的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在许多其它国家开始说英语。【注释：because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，在句中作状语；owing to 意为“把成绩或功劳归功于…”,在句中作状语和表语, 如：He has made great progress in English owing to your tutorship.. 而due to则是指“把失败或挫折归咎于…”，在句中作状语和表语,如：Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, 所以我们无法去植树。thanks to意为“幸亏”，只作状语，如：This is a great success,——thanks to your help.】Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.译文：如今，人们比以前更多地把英语当成第一、第二或一门外语。【注释：as介词，意为：当作，作为。】
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 译文：即使当地说英语的人说的不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此懂得。【注释：①native speaker 说本族语的人,。native（常与to连用，指动植物）特产的，原产于；（也可以指品质）与生俱来的，
天赋的，天生的。如：1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。2) He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聪明、能力强、有魅力等。②even if = even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如：I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次, 我也绝不灰心。{试题：⑴Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if
B. now that
C. even though
D. so that
⑵Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _____ they are different from your own.
A. until
B. now that
C. even though
D. as though}】
Look at this example: 译文：看这个例子：
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?译文：英国的Betty:你愿意来看我的公寓吗？【注释：Would you like to …:愿意，意欲】
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.译文：美国的Amy: 好的，我很想来看你的公寓。【注释：①come up:走近，上来，发芽，发生，（意见、观点）被提出，（太阳、月亮）生起。如：1）He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前来作自我介绍。2）I’ll let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。如：I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想提出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。{试题：They thought about it for a long time, but still couldn’t ____ a solution. A. come up B. come up with C. get along with D. come out} ②flat (英)公寓；apartment (美)公寓。③I’d like to …: 我愿意…; 我很想…。如：I’d like to help you with your English.】
So why has English changed over time? 译文：为什么英语会随时间而改变呢？【注释：over time随着时间的过去。】Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.译文：实际上，在文化碰撞和交流过程中，所有语言都会改变和发展。【注释：①meet with 偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和…会面。如：1）She met with an old friend at a dinner party.她在一次宴会上偶然遇到一位老朋友。2）Again and again the test met with no success.这一试验一再遭到失。3）He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。②communicate with…:与…联系，与…交流，与…沟通。如：I communicate with him regularly by letter.我与他定期通信。】At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.译文：起初，在公元450年至公元1150年在英国所说的英语不同于现在所说的英语。【注释：①at first 起初，开始。②spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150. 注意：过去分词作定语表示该分词与所修饰的词之间的关系式被动关系。③be different from…：与…不同。
{考题：1. (09全I-35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ___?
A. take
B. taking
C. taken
D. to take
2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ____ on his own farm.
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
3. (09申-33) With the government’s aid, those ____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect
B. affecting
C. affected
D. were affected
4. (09赣-22) ____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international
stars.
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
5. (08湘-26) The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
6. (08赣-28) We finished the run in less than half the time _____ .
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
7. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _____ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
8. (08闽-33) ——Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
——No problem.
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
9. (07湘-34) “Things ____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lose
D. have lost
10. (06京-28) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
11. (06鲁-29) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title _____ to ordinary people for their
contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
12. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
答案1-12: CACDB CDCAD CB}】It was based more on German than the English
we speak at present.译文：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语则不是。【注释：more… than …：与其说…不如说….。如：He is more lazy than stupid.与其说他蠢笨，不如说他懒惰。注意：⑴more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”，相当于not only; 如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。⑵more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over; 如：There’re more than 50 students in our class. 在我们班有50多名学生。⑶more than + 形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与“very”同义；如：In class, she is more than attentive.在课堂上，她非常认真听课。⑷more than + that sb. can/could do oneself. 表示“超出某人能力范围，或超出了…范围”。如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范围。⑸no more than意为“只有、仅仅”,相当于only；而not more than表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most; {试题：Mr. Brown is ____ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend. A. more than B. more or less C. less than D. more and more } ②be based on …：以…为基础。注意：可以用based on 的独立结构形式作状语，类似于according to. On the base of…：以…为基础。{试题：____ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent. A. Having based B. Basing C. Based D. To be based } ③at present目前，现在。For the present现在，目前。
Be present at …:出席…。Present sth. to sb.把某物作为礼物送给某人。】Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. 译文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期间，由于那些统治英格兰的人先说丹麦语，后来又说法语，这样英语就逐渐变得不像德语了。【注释：①become less like变得不像。②who ruled England是由who引导的定语从句，who为关系代词，代指前面的先行词those,用于指“人”。③{辨析：rule, govern, control都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，当govern和rule用作“统治，控制”一个国家时，可以互换。但，⑴rule是正式的、庄重的的用语，常用贬义，比govern更专权地管理或统治，含有专制或独裁的意味。⑵govern指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地管理、统治国家、城市、机构等，含有需要知识和判断力来治理和管理的意味。⑶control指人对事物的一般控制与约束，含有强制使其服从的意味。{试题：1）Alexamder the Great _______ (over) a large empire. 2) She couldn’t __________ herself that moment. 答案：1) ruled; 2) control} }】These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.译文：这些新定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是在词汇方面。【注释：①enrich是en + rich构成的派生词，意为“使丰富”，其结构式为“en + 形容词”。②especially表示递进关系，意为“尤其是”，而specially则表示目的，意为“专门地，特殊地”。试题：1）he despised them all, _______ Sylvester.他瞧不起他们所有的人，尤其是西尔维斯特。2) I came here ___________ to see you.我特地到这里来就是为了看你。答案：1）especially；2）specially。】So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 译文：所以，到了十七世纪莎士比亚比以前能使用更为宽泛词汇。【注释：
make use of …利用，使用； make full use of …充分利用；make good use of …好好利用；make little use of …不充分利用；take full advantage of …充分利用。例如：1) We should consider what use can be made of such a material. 2) In my opinion, the old shopping bag can still be made use of. 试题： 1) The money collected should be made good use ____ the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake. A. of helping B. to help C. to helping D. of to help 2) The manager of the company told us that very little ____ was made of the waste material in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter 】In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.译文：在1620年，一些英国移民移到美国。 Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.译文：后来，在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚。【注释： sb. is taken to sp.某人被带到某处。】 English began to be spoken in both countries.译文：在这两个国家开始说英语。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled .译文：最终，到19世纪这种语言稳定下来。
【注释：settled adj. 不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的. 例如：Once we get settled, we must ask the neighbours in for coffee.我们一安顿下来,就一定请邻居来家里喝咖啡。】 At that tim e two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.译文：当时，英语拼写出现两大变化：首先Samuel Johnson 写了一部词典，后来Noah Webster 写了美国英语词典。【注释：at that time 当时，在那时】 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.译文：后者对美国英语拼写给予单独特性。【注释：the latter 后者；与其意思对应的是the former “前者”； latter adj. 后者的，后半的，接近终了的； late adj . 迟的，晚到的；later adv 较晚地; lately adv. 近来，最近，不久前。例如：1）Have you seen him lately ?你最近见到过他吗? 2）We later learnt that this wasn't true at all.我们后来了解到根本不是这么回事。】 English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.译文：现在在南亚，英语也作为一门外语或第二语言。 For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.译文：例如，由于英国从1765年至1947年统治印度，所以印度拥有大量的能流利说英语的人。【注释：①a large number of …许多，大量的。 注意以下短语后跟的名词不同：
(1) a large/ great/ good number of (2) a great/ good deal of
a great/ good many + 可数名词 a great/ large amount of + 不可数名词 a good few n.[c] quite a little n.[u]
quite a few the number of + n.[c]
(3) a lot/ lots of (4) an amount of + n.[u] a great/ large quantity of + 可数名词复数 a quantity of + n. [c,u]
large quantities of 或不可数名词 amounts of + n.[u]
plenty of n.[u,c] quantities of + n.[u,c] 试题：As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ____ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping 】 During that time English became the language for government and education. 译文：在此期间，英语成为用于政府和教育的语言。English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 译文：在新加坡、马来西亚以及非洲一些国家如南非也说英语。【注释：such as 用来列举出前文所讲的同类人或事物的部分内容，意为“例如，比如”。如：We dislike people such as him.我们不喜欢像他这号人。】Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.译文：如今，中国学英语的人数在快速增长。【注释：the number of …作主语时，其后的谓语动词使用三单式形式】 In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. 译文：事实上，中国可能拥有学英语的人数最多。【注释：in fact 事实上。】 Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.译文：中国英语会形成自己的特色吗？只有时间才能告诉我们。
后跟单数式谓语动词 后跟非单数式谓语动词
7．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
【精提取】even if或even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
【巧应用】即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all the way，I’ll get there.
答案：Even if I have to walk
8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
【精提取】more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
【巧应用】造成她不愉快的原因，与其说是他所说的话，倒不如说是他的说话方式。
It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________what he said that made her unhappy.
答案：more the way he said it than
9. However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
【精提取】the way＋定语从句，定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which，也可以省略。【巧应用】我不喜欢你嘲笑她的那种方式。
I don’t like ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ .
答案：the way in which you laughed at her
必修一Unit 3 Travel Journal I．Vocabulary
journal n. 日记，杂志，定期刊物transport n. 运送；运输vt. 运输；prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物
（而不选其他事物）disadvantage n. 不利条件；不便之处fare n. 费用
route n. 路线；路途
flow vi. 流动；流出n. 流动；流量ever since 从那以后
persuade vt. 说服；劝说
cycle vi. 骑自行车
graduate vi. 毕业n. 大学毕业生finally adv. 最后；终于schedule n. 时间表；进度表
vt.为…安排时间
fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的be fond of 喜爱；喜欢shortcoming n. 缺点
stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的care about 关心；忧虑；惦念care for 照顾；照料detail n. 细节；详情
source n. 来源；水源
determine vt. 决定；下定决心
be determined to do sth.
下决心做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
journey n. 旅行；旅程
altitude n. 海拔高度；高处
make up one’s mind下决心；决定
give in 投降；让步；屈服
atlas n. 地图；地图集
glacier n. 冰河；冰川
rapids n. 急流
valley n. (山)谷；流域
waterfall n. 瀑布
pace n. 一步；速度；步调
vi.缓慢而行；踱步
bend n.弯；拐角
vt.使弯曲vi.弯身；弯腰
meander n. （指河流）蜿蜒
缓慢流动
delta n. 三角洲
attitude n. 态度；看法
Qomalangma n. 珠穆朗玛峰
boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开
forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报
parcel n. 小包；包裹
insurance n. 保险
wool n. 羊毛；毛织品
as usual 照常
reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解
vt. 观看；注视；考虑
yak n. 牦牛
pillow n. 枕头；枕垫
midnight n. 午夜；子夜
at midnight 在午夜
flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情
beneath prep. 在……下面
temple n. 庙宇；寺庙
cave n. 洞穴；地窖
organize vt. 组织；成立
II. Reading JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG
PART I THE DREAM AND THE PLAN梦想和计划
My name is Wang Kun.译文：我叫王昆。Ever sinc e middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.译文：自从上中学后，我和姐姐王伟一直梦想进行一次长途自行车旅行。【注释：①ever since“从那时起，自那以后”，往往与现在完成时连用。②dream about梦见，梦到，梦想，向往。如：1）She dreamed about a handsome young prince coming to rescue her from her misery.
她梦见一个年轻英俊的王子走来把她从苦难中救出。2）He got the first place this time, but he never dreamed about it.这回他得了第一名, 但他做梦也没想到。3）Many people dream about living on an island in the South Seas.许多人向往在南海的一个岛上生活。③dream of梦见；渴望，梦想。如：1）I often dreamed of my younger brother soon after I left home.刚离开家时, 我常梦见弟弟。2）He has dreamed of a trip to Beijing.他曾做梦到北京旅行。3) I never dreamed of such a thing.我从没梦想过这样的事情。4）I've long dreamed of paying a visit to the Great Wall.我一直渴望游览长城。特殊结构：⑴I would not / never dream of…我做梦也想不到…; 未想过…⑵realize one’s dream = one’s dream comes true.实现梦想。如：She realized her
dream of becoming a good model.她实现了做一名优秀模特的梦想。】Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.译文：两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地车，然后也劝我买了一辆。【注释：①persuade sb. to do sth.(= persuade sb. into doing sth.)说服某人做某事；劝服某人做某事。如：It wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.虽然不容易，但是我还是说服了他去做正确的事。persuade sb. of sth.= persuade sb. that …使某人相信某事。如：How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我如何能够让你相信我的诚意呢？Try to persuade sb. to do sth. = advise sb. to do sth.尽力说服某人做某事。如：He tried to persuaded me to give up smoking, but in vain.他尽力劝服我戒烟，但是没有用。辨析：persuade强调结果，指“劝说”并使之“听从”；advise着重动作，指“劝说”但不一定说服成功，
相当于try to persuade.】Last year, she visited our cousins, Da Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. 译文：去年，她看望了在昆明大学里的老表——大卫和于杭。They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River，the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.译文：他们是傣族人，成长于云南西部的澜沧江之畔，该河在中国境内叫作澜沧江，而在其他国家境内则叫作湄公河。【注释：grow up长大，向上生长eg. 1) Tom wants to be a coach when he grows up.汤姆长大后想当教练。2) All plants like to grow up toward the sunlight.所有的植物都喜欢朝着阳光向上长。】Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. 译文：王伟也很快让他们对长途自行车旅行感兴趣了。【注释：get sb. interested in…使某人对…感兴趣。interest in …对…感兴趣. eg. His two interests in life are music and paintings.他生平两大爱好是音乐和绘画。believe in信任;eg. I don't believe in ghosts, do you?我不相信有鬼, 你呢? success in …的成功eg. The president had some success in restoring confidence.总统在恢复信心上获得了一些成功。】After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. 译文：大学毕业后，我们终于有机会进行自行车旅行。【注释：①graduate from从…毕业; 进步, 进展eg. 1) He graduated from Taipei University.他毕业于台北大学。2) He was graduated from a normal college.他是一个师范学院的毕业生。3) Our son has just graduated from a tricycle to a proper bicycle.我们的儿子刚刚从骑三轮车过渡到骑普通自行车了。②to take a bike trip是动词不定式作定语，修饰限制前面的名词chance.】I asked my sister, “Where are we going ?”译文：我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里？”It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 译文：正是姐姐首先拿定主意，要沿着整个湄公河从源头骑到入河口。【注释：It is/was sb. who/that does sth. 这是个强调句，被强调的是人,可译为“正是某人做某事”；eg. It was Thomson who helped you with your English.正是汤姆逊帮你学英语。句型It is/ was sth. that …..则强调的是事物（包括时间、地点等）eg. It is in spring that all kinds of flowers begin to blossom out beautifully.正是在春天，各种花开始怒放。强调句考查试题：
1.(2008年高考全国卷Ⅱ) It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
A．that B．how C．which D．when
2. —________you found out the accident which happened a month ago? —By looking into it.
A．It was where that B．Was it how that C．How was it that D．Was it what that
3. (津2008) It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
4. (渝2008) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
*5.(鲁2007) ——Where did you get to kow her? ——It was on the farm ___ we worked.
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. where Keys: ACCAD】
Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.译文：现在她正在制定旅行计划。
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.译文：我喜欢姐姐，但她有一个严重的缺点。【注释：be fond of …喜爱；爱好eg. I'm fond of pop music.我喜欢流行音乐。】She can be really stubborn.译文：她可能真的很顽固。【注释：①stubborn顽固的，固执的eg. 1) He is a stubborn child.他是个固执的孩子。2) you're a silly, stubborn old woman.你是个愚蠢、顽固的老婆子。②(as) stubborn as a mule非常顽固的，倔如驴的】Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.译文：尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线不太清楚，但她却坚持要把这次旅行组织的尽善尽美。【注释：insist + that-clause; insist on与stick to区别
①insist + that-clause坚决宣称,坚持说（后跟陈述语气，表述的是一种观点）
坚持认为，坚决要求（后跟虚拟语气，表述的是一种行为, 这种结构可转化为
insist on doing sth. eg. She insisted that she (should) leave at once.
She insisted on leaving at once.她坚持立刻就走。）
eg. 1)The chairman insisted that all was not doom and gloom.主席坚持说不是所有的事情都是消极和注定失败的。2) I insisted that they should wait for our return.我坚决要求他们等我们回来。
②insist on后面常跟表示观点view、意见opinion、看法viewpoint、要求demand等主观概念。eg. He insisted on his demand.他坚持他的要求。stick to后面常跟表示原则principle、承诺promise、决定decision、计划plan等客观概念。eg. You must stick to your promise.你必须遵守诺言。
试题：1) The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
2) Seeing that he was so seriously ill, I insisted that he ____ to hospital at once.
A. was sent
B. be sent
C. will be sent
D. had been sent Keys: CB】Now I know that the proper way is always her way.译文：现在我明白了尽善尽美的总是她的方法。I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”译文：我不停地问她：“我们何时离开、何时回来？”【注释：keep doing sth.不停地做某事。eg. The machine kept running.机器一直运转。】I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. 译文：我问她是否已经看过地图？【注释：whether she had looked at a map yet用的是过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经发生或存在的状态，即必须有一个过去的时间或动作作参照。本句的asked是过去的参照动作，look at a map发生在asked 之前，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时形式（即had looked）. 有关过去完成时考查试题：
1. (京2010-28) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ___ for me.
A. had done
B. did
C. would do
D. were doing
2. (湘2010-27) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ____ it. Was it you?
A. has done
B. had done
C. would do D will do
3. (皖2010-28) ——Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
——No, I ____ the book, so I already knew the story.
A. was reading
B. had read
C. am reading
D. have read
4. (陕2010-15) If we ____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
5. (苏2010-30) ——Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
——We _____ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were
B. have been
C. had been
D. will be Keys: ABBBC】
Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details.译文：当然，她没有看过，我姐姐不关心细节。【注释：①care about喜欢，担心，在乎；对…感兴趣eg. 1)I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。2) I don't care much about music.我对音乐不很感兴趣。3) The young people should care about the old.年轻人应该关心老人。②care for照顾，照料; 尊重eg. 1) The mother cared for the sick child day and night.母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。2) I do care for what he says.我对他的话的确很尊重。
③care to do sth.愿意做某事eg. I don’t care to go to the party.我不太想去参加聚会。】So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.译文：所以我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。She gave me a determined look —the kind that said she would not change her mind.译文：她向我投一坚定的目光——那眼神表明她不会改变主意。【注释：①determined坚定的，坚决的，决意的; be determined to do sth.决心做某事eg. As he was not reconciled to his defeat, he was determined to try again in the next contest.他不甘心这次失败,决心在下次比赛中再作努力。②change one’s mind改变主意；make up one’s mind某人下定决心；have no/ a mind to do无/有意做，心里(不)想做；read one’s mind看出某人的心事；speak one’s mind直言不讳；be in/of two minds拿不定主意；give one’s mind to …注意；keep one’s mind on专心于；take sb’s mind off sth.转移某人的注意力；bear/ keep sth. in mind记住某事；bring/ call sth. to mind回忆某事；put sb. in mind of sth.使某人想起某事eg. 1) Maybe you’ll think it over and change your mind.也许你愿意好好想想，会改变主意。2) I have no mind to do as you tell me.我无意照你吩咐的去做。】When I
told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. 译文：当我告诉她旅行将会从5,000多米的海拔开始时，她似乎对此感到很激动。【注释：①at an altitude of…在…海拔。②be excited about对…感到激动】When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.译文：当我告诉她空气稀薄很难呼吸并且很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。【注释：句型sth. is + adj. (for sb.) to do 中的to do与主语sth.,在逻辑上是动宾关系，所以不可再在to do后面加it/them作宾语；此句型可以转化为：it is + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.常用于此类结构的形容词有：light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable, interesting, bitter, fit等主要用来描述主语或宾语的性质。另外，句型it is + adj. (of sb.) to do sth.中的形容词多为kind, nice, clever, stupid, wise等，主要用来描写人的行为品质，该动词不定式的逻辑主语则有of 引出。Eg. 1) Today’s homework is very hard for me to finish.今天的作业我很难完成。2) It was wise of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。考题：（全2008）I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed】I know my sister well.译文：我非常了解姐姐。Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.译文：一旦她作出决定，什么也改变不了。【注释：①once在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦…就…”。如：Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头, 你就应当继续下去。②mike up one’s mind (to do sth.)下决心…eg. We have made up our minds to keep out of their quarrel.我们已经下定决心不理会他们之间的争吵。】Finally, I had to give in.译文：最后，我不得不让步。【注释：give in (指政治立场的改变)屈服，让步，投降；give up（指遇到困难或挫折）放弃，认输, 猜不出eg. 1) As neither management nor labour would give in, the union organized a strike.由于劳资双方互不让步, 工会组织了一次罢工。2) I can't answer that puzzle; I give up.我猜不出这个谜语, 我认输了。】
Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.译文：在旅行前的几个月，我和王伟常到图书馆去。We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.译文：我们找到了一个大地图集，所配的地图显示出地貌详情。【注释：that showed details of world geography是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词maps.】From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. 译文：根据这份地图集，我们明白了湄公河发源于西藏山脉上的一条冰河。At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.译文：起初，河流狭小，河水清澈冰凉。【注释：at first起初，开始，首先eg. At first, he was against our arrangement, but I managed to argue him round.起初, 他反对我们的安排, 但我设法使他改变了看法。】Then it begins to move quickly.译文：然后，水势加快。It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Provice.译文：流过峡谷穿越滇西时，水流湍急，【注释：pass through经过，通过；经历，遭受；经历并完成eg. 1) A diameter passes through the center of a circle.直径从圆心穿过。2) John passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down.婚姻破裂不久, 约翰经历了一段短暂的艰难时期。3) He passed through a university course in Houston.他在休斯敦修完了一门大学课程。】Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.译文：有时河流变成瀑布，流入宽阔的河谷。We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.译文：当得知该河的一半流经中国时，我俩都感到吃惊。After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.译文：当她从中国和高原流过后，湄公河就变得宽阔，水色棕黄，河水温暖。As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.译文：流入东南亚之后，水流就变得舒缓。It makes wide bends or meanders throgh low valleys to the plains where rice grows.译文：蜿蜒曲折，流过低谷，进入平原，这里阡陌纵横。【注释：①bend弯曲处，（公路、河流或小路）转弯，折向；急转弯eg. 1) The road bent left and then right.这条路先往左拐再往右拐。2) The river slowly bends around Dittisham.河水缓缓绕过迪蒂斯汉姆。②meander (指溪流、河流等)蜿蜒而流eg. A stream meandered towards the sea.一条小河蜿蜒地流向大海。③where rice grows是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词plains.】At last, the rive delta enters the South China Sea.译文：该河三角洲流入南中国海。
重点句型：
1．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
【精提取】once在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。
【巧应用】一旦你许下诺言，就得遵守诺言。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ，you should keep it.
答案：Once you have made your promise
2.A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.
【精提取】no matter...是连词词组，作“不管；无论”解，同what，who，when，how等词连用，引导表示让步的状语从句。
【巧应用】不管发生什么事，不要泄气。
________ ________ ________ ________，please don’t be discou raged.
答案：No matter what happens
3．To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us，we were surprised by the view. 【精提取】To climb the mountains为不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，也可以用形式主语it。【巧应用】学习一门外语对你今后的工作是很重要的。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________is important for your future work.
答案：To learn a foreign language
4．We can hardly wait to see them!
【精提取】can hardly wait to do sth./for sth.或cannot wait to do sth./for sth.是固定句式，意为“迫不及待地要做某事，急切地做某事”。
【巧应用】经过这次漫长而又疲惫的旅行，玛丽迫不及待地想回到家。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ after such a long and tiring journey.
答案：Mary couldn’t wait to get home
5．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.
【精提取】the air would be hard to breathe是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中the air 是breathe的逻辑宾语。
【巧应用】英语难以短时间内学好。
English________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in a short time.
答案：is difficult to learn well
【词义辨析】
persuade，advise
(1)persuade强调说服，劝服的结果。如果“劝说”不服，不能直接用persuade，而应用try to persuade或advise，或者用persuade的否定式。eg.
Jack tried to persuade Tom to go，but failed at last.杰克试图说服汤姆去，但最终失败了。
(2)advise sb.to do sth.“建议或劝说某人去做某事”，强调提出建议但对方不一定接受。
He advised me to go with him，but I wouldn’t.他建议我跟他一块去，但我不愿意。
【考题检测】
1. We trust you；only you can________him to give up smoking.
A．suggest B．attract C．advise D．persuade
2. —Have you________him to give up the job? —Yes，I have.But he doesn’t listen to me.
A．persuaded B．suggested C．agreed D．advised
[DD]。
第一单元友谊 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。 第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语
2020年人教版高中必修三英语 Unit1 festivals around the world 1.celebration n.庆祝；庆典活动；庆祝会；颂扬 The celebration of Christmas is a custom. 庆祝圣诞节是一种习俗。 in celebration of为庆祝... hold a celebration举行庆祝会 his eightieth birthday celebrations. 他80大寿的庆祝活动 He sees the poem as a celebration of human love. 他认为，这首诗是对人世间爱的赞美。 celebrate v.庆祝；祝福；举行；表扬 celebrate a marriage举行婚礼 He celebrated his birthday with a banquet. 他举行宴会庆祝自己的生日。 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。 2. starve v.(使)挨饿；（使）饿死 starve to death饿死 starve for news渴望消息 What's for dinner? I'm starving! 晚饭吃什么? 我饿死了! She's starving herself, trying to lose weight. 她在饿肚子减肥。 Don't starve the kitten. 别饿着小猫。 starvation n. 挨饿；饥饿；饿死 die of starvation饿死 starvation wages 不足温饱的工资 After three days without food, the men were close to starvation. 3天没吃东西，这些人都快饿死了。 3. religious adj. 宗教的; 虔诚的; 认真的 That's a religious question. 那是个宗教问题。 She is a very religious person who goes to church every Sunday. 她十分虔诚, 每星期都上教堂。She gave religious attention to the doctor's orders. 她一丝不苟地遵照医生嘱咐。 religion n. 宗教；信仰；信念 the Christian [Buddhist, ] religion基督[佛]教 the life of religion修道生活 She makes a religion of keeping her house clean and tidy. 她认为保持房子整洁是她份内的事。There are many religions in the world. 在世界上有许多种宗教。 4. belief n.信仰；信念；相信； have belief in 相信, 信任 have belief in the masses 相信群众
B1U1 loose 松开的 loosen使变松 vet 兽医 set down 记下，登记 series 系列 a series of 一系列 spellbind 迷住（spellbound；spellbound）at dusk 在黄昏 thunder 雷 curtain 窗帘 loneliness 孤单 pack sth. up 打包 suitcase 手提箱 gossip 闲话 tip 技巧，提示，小费 swap 交易 B1U2 elevator电梯 petrol 汽油 voyage 航海 conquer 占领 gradual 逐渐的 vocabulary 词汇量 identity 身份 fluent 流畅的 make use of 利用
frequent 频繁的 usage 用法，使用dialect 方言 lorry 卡车 accent 口音 lightning 闪电 block街区，木块，石块cab 出租车 B1U3 journal 日记，杂志fare 费用 route 路线 flow 流动，流量persuade 劝说schedule 时间表stubborn 顽固的altitude 高处 atlas 地图集 glacier 冰川 rapids 急流 valley 山谷 bend 弯曲 delta 三角洲 forecast 预测 parcel 包裹 wool 羊毛 yak 牦牛
pillow 枕头 at midnight 在午夜flame 火焰beneath 在…下面temple 寺庙 cave 洞穴 B1U4 well 井 crack 裂缝 smelly 发臭的 pipe 管 canal 运河 steam 蒸气extreme 极度的survivor 幸存者brick 砖块 dam 水坝 track 轨迹 rescue 援救 trap 陷阱 dig out 挖出，发现bury 掩埋 mine 矿 miner 矿工 shelter 掩蔽处 bar 条、棒状物frighten 使惊吓
Unit 1 友谊 P2 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 P6 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？P7 Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。
Unit 1 Lifestyles Warm-up Tapescript 1 Football player: Being famous isn’t easy, you know. I travel a lot – I have matches in different countries. But my job is exciting, very exciting! I love the matches, the people cheering, know what I mean? 2 Student: My dad says these are the best days of my life –but I’m not so sure! You know, I’ve got lots of work to do and there’s not much time really. I also play football for the school team and we have to do training three nights a week. 3 Shepherd: I love th e animals and I love nature. It’s peaceful, and there’s no one to tell me what to do. But it’s not so good when the weather’s bad! 4 Business manager: I’m very busy, and I don’t have time to see my husband and children. Mmmm and my life is very stressful, I suppose. I mean, I have to deal with lots of money. But I find it really exciting. 1 A Perfect Day? A Couch Potato Forty-three-year-old Brian Blakey from Birmingham is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day. When I wake up I don't get up immediately. I turn on the television and watch the children's programmes and old movies until about half-past ten. Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room. For lunch, I have biscuits and a glass of milk, and I watch the news. In the afternoon, I often watch another old film – they're showing some good ones at the moment. In the evenings, I often watch TV series or sport and the news again. I like the main news at six o'clock. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 2, I switch over and watch it. Then at night, I watch more films and I usually switch off the TV at about two o'clock. I never watch TV all night. I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day. I also do some exercise every day. I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every afternoon. I don't go far, of course. I walk to the wall outside my house. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle. Of course, I couldn't live this lifestyle without a good wife. She's not here now because she's working, but she always makes my meals. We haven't got much money, you know, but we're happy. Sit down and watch TV. Here's the remote control. You've got the world at your feet. And in your hand. Great! A Workaholic Thirty-six-year-old Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork. I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. I am always the first person to get to the office. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every minute
[必修篇] (必修一) Unit 1 1.add up 合计 2.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦 3.ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 4.calm vt. & vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 5.calm(…)down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.go through 经历；经受 10.set down 记下；放下；登记 11. a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 12.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 13.on purpose 故意 14.in order to 为了.... 15.at dusk 在黄昏时刻 16.face to face 面对面地 17.no longer/not…any longer 不再...... 18.settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排 19.suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受；经历 20.suffer from 遭受；患病 21.recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得 22.get/be tired of 对......厌烦 23.pack vi. & vt.捆扎；包装n.小包；包裹 24.pack (sth) up 将（东西）装箱打包 25.get along with 与……相处；进展 26.fall in love 相爱；爱上 27.disagree vi.不同意 28.join in 参加；加入 Unit 2 29.because of 因为；由于 https://www.doczj.com/doc/986435043.html,e up 走近；上来；提出 31.actually adv.实际上；事实上32.base vt.以......为根据n.基部；基地；基础 33.at present 现在；目前 34.make use of 利用；使用 35.such as 例如....；像这种的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/986435043.html,mand n.& vt.命令；指令；掌握 37.request n. & vt.请求；要求 38.play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与 39.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认 40.straight adv. 直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的 Unit 3 41.transport n.运送；运输vt.运输；运送 42.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选其他事物） 43.ever since 从那以后 44.persuade vt.说服；劝说 45.graduate vi.毕业n.大学毕业生 46.finally adv.最后；终于 47.schedule n.时间表；进度表vt.为某事安排时间 48.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢 https://www.doczj.com/doc/986435043.html,anize vt.组织；成立 50.care about 关心；忧虑；惦念 51.change one’s mind 改变主意 52.journey n.旅行；旅程 53.make up one’s mind 下决心；决定 54.give in 投降；屈服；让步 55.attitude n.态度；看法 56.as usual 照常 57.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 58.at midnight 在午夜 Unit 4 59.right away 立刻；马上 60.burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂 61.as if 仿佛；好像 62.at an end 结束；终结 63.ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产 64.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 65.injure vt.损害；伤害 66.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 67.shock vt. & vi.（使）震惊；震动n.休克；打击 68.rescue n. & vt.援救；营救 69.trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境
必修1 第一单元 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so she had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hidden away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：―我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。‖现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
必修1第一单元Reading 阅读 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now r ead how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Using Language 语言运用 Reading and listening 读与听 1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice. Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate other s gossiping. What should I do? Yours, Lisa Reading and writing 读与写 Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.
1．diet ①n. 日常饮食 健康的饮食a healthy diet 均衡的饮食a balanced diet 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。 控制饮食，节食be/go on a diet eg. 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。People who are on a diet can’t eat chocolate. 使某人节食put sb. on a diet eg. 我的医生严格限制我的饮食。My doctor strictly put me on a diet. ②v. 节食,限制（他人或自己的）饮食 eg. 她正在节食减肥。She is dieting to lose weight. 我的医生严格限制我的饮食。My doctor strictly dieted me. diet 可数名词，指的是习惯的日常食物或因病或减肥而规定的食谱。 food一般的词语，凡是能吃喝的东西都可称作food 2. protective adj. 给予保护的，保护的protect v. 保护protection n. 保护protector n. 保护者 3. balance ①v. 使平衡，权衡eg为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States. ②n. 天平，平衡 4. roast adj. 烤制的roast duck /chicken v. 烤，烘烤stir-fry炒; stew炖/焖; boil煮; steam蒸;fry炸/煎 5. ought v. aux. 应该 ought to①应该，情态动词，只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化 ②ought的否定形式由直接加not构成ought not to (oughtn't to )，疑问式将ought提到句首构成。 ③反意疑问句里He ought to be here, oughtn't he? ④ought to have done本应该做某事（实际没做）ought not to have done本不应该做（实际做了） 6. curiosity n. 好奇心,求知欲→curious adj. 好奇的→curiously adv. 好奇地 Satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心show one’s curiosity about 对…表现出好奇 他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心His reply didn’t satisfy my curiosity at all. be curious about/to do 7. get away with 被放过，（做坏事）不被惩罚 If students cheat in the exam, they’ll never get away with it. Two clerks robbed the bank and got away with a lot of cash. The driver was lucky to get away with only a fine. [链接] get along/on with 相处,进展get out of 从…中出来; 摆脱get over 克服get down to 开始着手 get behind with = fall behind with落后于…get through 完成(任务), (电话)接通 8. lie n. 谎言tell a lie/tell lies 说谎 lie v. : lie- lied –lied- lying______/ lay- laid- laid- laying_______/ lie- lay- lain- lying_______; The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table/He laid the carpet on the floor and then lay on it./ He is lying . The cat is not on the roof. It's lying under the table. 9. discount n. 折扣give/make/allow a discount (on)…打折buy/get/sell sth at a discount 以打折价买/卖… 如果我买一整箱酒你们能打折吗? Do you give me any discount if I buy a whole box of wine? 我以四折的价格买了这条裙子I bought this dress at a discount of 60%. v. 打折; 不理会,不重视(ignore) 对他说的话你不必当真You can discount what he said. 10. strength n. 强项；长处；(人的)力气，力量≠weakness n. 弱点 Maths is his strength. 数学是他的强项。We rely on the strength of the people. 我们依靠人民的力量。 strengthen vt.加强 11. consult vt. 查阅;请教consult sb. 请教某人; consult sth. 查阅… consult with sb. 和某人商量查字典: consult the dictionary/look up a word in the dictionary/refer to a dictionary consultation n. 商讨,咨询 12. digest: bite---chew----swallow---digest----absorb-----pee/fart/poop; Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. digestion n. 13. earn one’s living (by doing sth.)= make one’s living (by doing sth.)= do sth for a living 通过…谋生 我的一个朋友靠卖保险为生One of my friends earns his living by selling insurance.
目录 必修一 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………必修二 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………必修三 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………必修四 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………必修五 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………选修六 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………选修七 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………选修八 unit1…………………unit2…………………unit3…………………unit4…………………unit5…………………
必修一 UNIT1 survey 调查；测验 add up 合计 upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦。 ignore 不理睬，忽视 calm vt.vi（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm (…)down （使）平静下来；（使）镇静下来 have got to 不得不；必须 concern （使）担忧；涉及；关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的；松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历；经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）Netherlands 荷兰（荷兰国家）Jewish 犹太人；犹太族的 German 德国的；德国人的；德语的；德国人；德语 Nazi n.纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下；登记 series 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套outdoors 在户外；在野外spellbinding 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了… dusk 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder v打雷；雷鸣；n雷；雷声entire 整个的；完全的；全部的entirely 完全地；全然地；整个地power 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty 积满灰尘的 no longer\not…any longer 不再 partner 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle 安家；定居；停留使定居；安排；解决 suffer 遭受；忍受；经历 suffer from 遭受；患病 loneliness 孤单；寂寞 highway 公路；大路；<美>高速公路recover 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 get\be tired of 对…厌烦 pack 捆扎；包装；打行李小包；包裹pack（sth）up 将（东西）装箱打包suitcase 手提箱；衣箱 overcoat 大衣；外套 teenager 十几岁的青少年 get along with 与…相处；发展 gossip 闲话；闲谈 fall in love 相爱爱上 exactly 确实如此；正式；确切地disagree 不同意 grateful 感激的；表示谢意的 dislike 不喜欢；厌恶 join in 参加；加入 tip n.揭示；技巧；尖；尖端；消费vt. 倾斜；翻到 secondly 第二；其次 swap 交换 item 项目；条款 UNIT2 subway 地下人行道；<美>地铁elevator 电梯直升机