英语笔译实务+3级配套训练+第十一单元++汉译英(二)如何入睡

最新英语笔译实务-3级配套训练-...英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十五单元英译汉（二）Taxi Drivers’ Knowledge Helps Their Brains GrowSatellite navigation systems can stunt your brain, preventing it from developing, according to scientists. They have discovered that taxi drivers have actually grown more brain cells because of all the knowledge they keep in their heads.When the scientists compared the brains of taxi drivers with those of other drivers, they found the taxi drivers had more grey matter in the area of the brain associated with memory.They believe that this part of the brain, the mid-posterior hippocampus, is where cab drivers store a mental map of London, including up to 25,000 street names and the location of all the major tourist attractions.The research is the first to show that the brains of adults can grow in response to specialist use. It has been known that area of children’s brains can grow when they learn music or a language.The scientists warn that increasingly widespread use of satellitenavigation –expected to be one of the biggest-selling gifts this Christmas –could change all that. “GPS (Global Positioning System) may have a big effect,” says Dr. Eleanor Maguire, who led the research at University College London.“We very much hope they don’t start using it. We believe this area of the brain increased in grey matter volume because of the huge amount or data they have to memorize. If they all start using GPS, that may affect their bra in.”Dr. Maguire said, “We are now looking at the brains of taxi drivers before they start training, and at those of retired taxi-drivers to see whether that area of the brain gets smaller when it is not used.”课文词汇stunt阻碍生长grey matter 脑灰质。

2021年上半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Are you having difficulty following diets? Our lives are way more complex than those which allow us to stick to a monotonous restrictive diet.Food psychologist Ridhi Golechha said, "If all of us could follow diets, we'd all have reached our goals. Real-life stresses such as lockdown anxiety, relationship conflicts,workload, financial stresses, exasperating parenting, and so much more directly impact how we feel and by virtue, what we eat. If, on paper, diets were so easy to follow, then we'd all be part of that tiny ten percent of people in the word (athletes, models, or actresses) - who are permanently fit.We all know of those rough days when all we want is to drown our faces in a tub of ice cream or reach out for that melting chocolate cake. "Emotional eating is nothing but eating our emotions. We're all human with emotions and hunger. By that definition, all of us are emotional eaters, we turn to food when we're overwhelmed with anger, sadness, frustration, or any other significant emotion!" explained Ridhi.There's a reason why the butterfly comes back to suck sweet nectar from the flowers, in turn pollinating the rest of the garden. Humans, much like animals, birds,and insects, are hardwired for pleasure. But here's the catch: we humans are afraid of receiving pleasure. Many fear that if they allow themselves to eat a slice of cheesy pizza, they'll be overwhelmed with pleasure, lose control, and end up finishing the whole pizza.We fear this would result in a failed diet, we light gain, and massive guilt, so we avoid it altogether. But it doesn't work."Biology suggests otherwise. Like every other species:homo sapiens were also built for survival. It is pleasure that drives humans to repeat the feel-good behaviour endlessly," explained Ridhi.When does emotional eating become worrisome? "Largely, there's nothing wrong with that. We do eat to manage and cope with our feelings, especially those that don't feel so good because eating itself is so biologically rewarding. It's completely okay ifwe're doing it once in a while, because as I said we're all evolutionary wired to emotional eating. However, if we're constantly depending on food to swallow our difficult emotions and discomforts, leaving us with a feeling of guilt constantly at the end of it, then definitely, we need to work on it," said Ridhi.What can we do to reduce emotional eating? According to Rldhi, the reason we fall diets is that we try to fight biology and suppress our emotions, which only works temporarily. To make long-lasting changes, we must address the root causes of emotional eating. Here are a few tips to get you started:First, don't skip meals. Starving often confuses your biological hunger drives and makes you more vulnerable to eating your emotions. Second, understand the difference between actual physical hunger versus emotional hunger. Third, make a list of the top three emotions you feel weekly and start finding different ways to cope with them. Fourth, talk to an expert. It's better not to ignore your emotional eating since it can later cause health issues like bloating, acid and constipation, etc. Fifth, go for a walk or do something completely different that will take away your urge by distracting you momentarily.Emotional eating is a message that reveals a deeper problem. Understanding yourself and the way you eat can address the root causes and enable you to live a life that is beyond food obsessions and the fear of failing your diets.【参考译文】：你是否很难坚持规律饮食?生活十分复杂，让我们很难坚持单一且有节制的饮食规律。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十六单元英译汉（二）Meat and Milk from Cloning Are SafeA long-awaited study by scientists concludes that meat and milk from cloned animals and their offspring is safe to eat and should be allowed to enter the food supply without any special labeling.The finding is a strong signal that the Food and Drug Administration will endorse the use of cloning technology for cattle, goats and pigs when it publishes a key safety assessment intended to clear the way for formal approval of the products. That assessment is expected next week.“All of the studies indicate that the composition of meat and milk from clones is within the compositional ranges of meat and milk consumed in the US,” the FDA scientists concluded in a report.The study prompted a sharp reaction from some food safety advocates.The FDA “has been trying to impose this bad science on us for several years,” said Andrew Kimbrell, director of the nonprofit Center for Food Safety in Washington. “When there is so much concern among so many Ameri cans, this is really a rush to judgment.”1 / 4Many ranchers and dairy producers have already cloned animals for meat and milk production, but a voluntary moratorium initiated about five years ago by the FDA has largely kept those animals and their offspring out of grocery stores and restaurants.However, ranchers say some animals taken to slaughterhouses in the last couple of years have undoubtedly been the offspring of clones. (The clones themselves are too precious to slaughter.)But a study released this month found that 64% of Americans were uncomfortable with animal cloning and 43% believed food from clones was unsafe.Safety isn’t the only concern among consumers. “It’s not that they fear that if they drink cloned milk, they’re going to choke and die,” sai d Carol Foreman, director of the Food Policy Institute at the Consumer Federation of America in Washington. Foreman said the primary issue was that the food should be labeled so consumers could avoid products derived from clones.课文词汇offspring 后代the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) （美国）食品药品管理局endorse 批准Andrew Kimbrell 安德鲁·金布雷尔moratorium 停止slaughterhouse 屠宰场Carol Foreman 卡罗尔·福尔曼the Food Policy Institute 食品政策研究所所长the Consumer Federation of America 消费者联合会参考译文克隆肉奶无害科学家的研究结果已得出结论，克隆动物及其后代的肉和奶是无害的，可以放心食用，应该允许这类产品进入食品供应环节，而无需贴专门的标签。

笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康一组研究人员发现，许多家长担心子女采用素食这种不健康的方式减肥，但这种减肥方式实际上是一种能获得维生素、矿物质，防止多脂肪的垃圾食品的好办法。

研究人员对4500名平均年龄约15的青少年进行了调查，其中有近6%的人说自己是素食者。

研究人员报道说，“与素食者相比，素食少年更可能从脂肪中吸收低于30%的卡路里，从饱和脂肪中少吸收低于10%的卡路里。

此外，他们可能比非素食者多吃2客以上的水果和3客以上的蔬菜，也就是说，他们每天多吃5客以上的水果和蔬菜。

“研究人员还同样发现，无论是否素食者，青少年们每日摄取的钙质并不足够，但素食者能够获得更多的铁质、维生素A和纤维。

课文词汇垃圾食品junk food 素食者vegetarian卡路里calory 饱和脂肪saturated fat1 / 3Unit 11 汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康参考译文Teen Vegetarians Healthier than Meat-eatersWhat many parents believe to be an unhealthy way of keeping off weight (losing weight/slimming), that is, the vegetarian diet, is actually a good way to get vitamins and minerals and avoid fatty junk food, according to the findings of a team of researchers.They studied (investigated / surveyed) more than 4,500 teenagers, with an average age of about 15. Of these nearly 6 percent said they were vegetarians (claimed to be vegetarians).The researchers reported (wrote / said), “Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarian adolescents were more likely to get (eat / draw / receive) less than 30 percent of their calories from fat and more likely to get less than 10 percent of their calories from saturated fat; they were also more likely to eat (consume) two or more servings of fruit, three or more servings of vegetables; in other words (or) five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily.The study also found that both the vegetarians and meat-eaters failed to get enough calcium every day, but the vegetarians got significantly more iron, vitamin A and fiber (the calcium level was low in the diets of both vegetarians and meat-eaters, but the vegetarian diet provided2 / 3笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）substantially more iron, Vitamin A and fiber).3 / 3。

英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十一单元 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英 健 ✦ 主题相关汉英词语 开展全民健身运动 健身运动；健美操 健美娱乐中心 健身娱乐设施 健美热 保健食品 微量元素 他病了。 他得了严重的作风感冒 。 他因患流感而病倒。 他在发烧。 你感觉好吗？ 你有什么病？/你有什么 不舒服？ 我感到头晕/发冷。 我呼吸有困难。 我全身寒战。 我头疼得厉害/喉咙痛/ 咳嗽得厉害。 我老打喷嚏，还流鼻涕 。 我感到恶心想吐。 你的嘴唇发紫。 我痰中有血。 口水；唾液 我没胃口/我什么也不想 吃。 伤口发炎了。 他肺部发炎日益严重了 。 我胸口感到剧痛/钝痛。 康
级配套训练 第十一单元 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英 健 康
launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign; carry out physical fitness programmes involving all our people body-building exercise; fitness exercise body-building and recreational center fitness and entertainment facilities the beauty craze health-care food trace element He is ill. / He has fallen ill. / He has been/was taken ill. He is ill with/suffering from a bad cold. He is down with the flu. He is running a fever/temperature. Are you feeling well / feeling all right? What's your trouble? / What's the matter with you? / What's wrong with you? I feel dizzy / chilly. I have difficulty in breathing. I'm shivering all over. I've got a bad headache / a sore throat / a bad cough. I sneeze a lot and have a running nose. I feel sick. / I feel vomiting. / I want to throw up. Your lips have turned blue. There is blood in my sputum. saliva I have no appetite. / I don't feel like eating anything. The wound was / got inflamed. The inflammation of his lungs is getting worse. I feel a sharp pain / a dull pain in the chest.

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元英译汉（一）EcotourismThinking about going off the beaten path for your next vacation? If so, you might be one of the many people who are enjoying a relatively new mode of travel known as ecotourism. As the name implies, ecotourism focuses on conserving the ecology and natural heritage of tourist destinations. In addition, ecotourism features indigenous cultures and promotes ways for local communities to control and maintain their resources.In the past, vacations usually spent their time staying at luxury hotels and visiting famous landmarks and museums in cities such as New York, Paris and Tokyo. Others prefer to relax on the beautiful of Hawaii or the deck of a cruise ship in the sunny Caribbean. There was little interaction with the local people and overcrowding often spoiled the natural beauty of popular vocation spots. In addition, excessive commercialization turned many places into tourist traps.Since the early 1980s, however, adventure-oriented and nature-based vacation activities have become increasingly popular. Developing alongside a global rise in environmental consciousness and respect for cultural diversity, ecotourism is the one of the fastest growingsectors of the travel and tourism industry. Mountain climbing in the Himalayas, roughing it on a wilderness expedition, trekking in the Amazon rainforest and whale watching on the high seas are attractive alternatives to the urban comforts of five-star hotels and classy restaurants.But ecotourism means more than just traveling to remote destinations. The concept also emphasizes educating visitors about local people, customs and cultural heritage. Perhaps most importantly, it involves a methodical approach to tourism that minimizes the negative impact on natural habitats and gives host communities a leading role in decision-making processes, along with the lion’s share of economic benefits.As tourism might be the largest industry in the world, sustainable growth strategies should be adopted to ensure that our natural and cultural heritage is preserved for the enjoyment and benefit of future generations.课文词汇indigenous 本土的Caribbean 加勒比海trek 艰难跋涉heritage 遗产methodical 有系统的；有条不紊的参考译文生态观光不想在下个星期去众人多的热门景点观光吧（想在下个假期去人迹罕至的地方看看吗）？假使如此，你也许会像越来越多的人一样，热衷于参加名为“生态观光”的新式旅游。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（二）如何入睡训练你的身体以便更易入睡，试试以下建议：第一、坚持每晚按时睡觉。

第二、睡前试试深呼吸、瑜珈功或者轻轻地伸展一下筋骨，以减轻一天的压力。

第三、给你一下满意的物质环境，消除干扰性噪音，创造一个温馨的环境。

保持凉爽——人们通常在22～24摄氏度房间里睡得最好。

第四、注意饮食。

在晚餐或者夜宵中最好选用含有氨基酸的食物，如奶制品、豆类、花生、家禽肉或绿叶菜。

即使在白天也要尽量避免摄入咖啡因，因为它的刺激作用在饮用后延续很长时间。

第五、少喝酒，别抽烟。

酒精能使睡眠不好。

抽烟的刺激作用就像用冷水洗澡一样。

第六、运动。

研究证实，每周至少进行三次适度有氧运动有利良好的睡眠。

但是，注意到就寝之前四个小时内不要运动，不然会有相反的效果。

如果连续失眠或者白天困倦，就请咨询一下医生。

甲状腺和肾脏功能紊乱可能是导致失眠的健康原因。

不管怎样的原因，专家提醒你们不能忽视长期睡眠不足问题。

当你睡不着觉的时候，你的肉体和精神都会蒙受损失。

课文词汇瑜珈功yoga 伸展一下筋骨stretching氨基酸amino acid 咖啡因caffeine有氧运动aerobic activity / exercise失眠insomnia甲状腺和肾脏功能紊乱thyroid and kidney disorders参考译文How to Go into SleepTo train your body (yourself) to get / go to sleep more easily, try these tips:1. Stick to a regular bedtime schedule.2. Try deep breathing, yoga, or light stretching to alleviate the day’s stress. (To clear your mind of the day’s tensions, follow some relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga or gentle stretching.)3. Give yourself a satisfying physical environment without disturbing noise and create a soothing background (Create satisfactory, noise-free and soothing conditions). Keep it cool – people usually sleep best in rooms that are between 22 and 24 centigrade.4. Watch what you eat (Pay attention to your diet). Foods containing sleep-inducing amino acid, found in dairy products, beans, peanuts, poultry, and green leafy vegetables, are good choices for dinner or nighttime snack. (Dairy products, beans, peanuts, chicken and leafy green vegetables are rich in sleep-bringing amino acids that make them perfect for an evening meal or bedtime munching). You may want to avoid caffeine even during / in (the) daytime because its stimulative effects linger long after consumption. (Even during the day, caffeine intake should be avoided, for its exciting effects remain long after it was ingested.)5. Limit alcohol consumption (Take alcohol only in moderation) and avoid tobacco. Alcohol can produce troubled sleep. Smoking stimulates the body as much as an ice-cold shower.6. Do exercise. Studies confirm / Studies have confirmed / Research has proven that moderate aerobic activity at least three days a week promotes sound sleep (are conducive to a deep sleep). But take care not so exercise within four hours before going to bed; otherwise, it tends to have the reverse effect.If sleep trouble or daytime drowsiness persists, consult a doctor. Thyroid and kidney disorders are among possible health problems that can produce insomnia (See a doctor if insomnia or drowsiness during the day becomes chronic. Sleeplessness may be attributed to aliments like thyroid or kidney malfunctions.) Anyway, you shouldn’t ignore chronic lack of sleep. Physically and mentally, you lose when you don’t snooze. (In any case, you must not turn a blind eye to persistent interrupted sleep. Lack of soothing sleep means damage to your physical and mental well-being.)。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元...笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）Center on Israel-Palestine IssuesThe many controversial issues concerning Palestine and the path to peace for Israel are intensely debated among Israelis and throughout other nations – but not in the United States. For the past 30 years, I have witnessed and experienced the severe restrains on any free and balanced discussion of the facts. This reluctance to criticize policies of the Israeli government is due to the extraordinary lobbying efforts of the American-Israel Political Action Committee and the absence of any significant contrary voices.It would be almost politically suicidal for members of Congress to assume a balanced position between Israel and Palestine, to suggest that Israel comply with international law to speak in defense of justice or human rights for Palestinians.What is even more difficult to comprehend is why the editorial pages of the major newspapers and magazines in the US exercise similar self-restraint, quite contrary to private assessments expressed forcefully by their correspondents in the Holy Land.My new book, Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, is devoted to1 / 3Unit 10 EN-CH (I) Center on Israel-Palestine Issuescircumstances and events in Palestine and not in Israel, where democracy prevails and citizens live together and are legally guaranteed equal status. It is already possible to judge public andmedia reaction.Book reviews in the mainstream media have been written mostly by representatives of Jewish organizations who would be unlikely to visit the occupied territories, and their primary criticism is that the book is anti-Israel. Two members of Congress have been publicly critical. Some reviews posted on /doc/471360111.html, called me “anti-Semitic,” and others accuse the book of “lies” and “distortions”.Out in the real world, however, the response has been overwhelmingly positive.课文词汇Palestine 巴勒斯坦Israel 以色列Israeli 以色列人lobby 游说Palestinian 巴勒斯坦人the Holy Land 圣地（指巴勒斯坦）apartheid 种族隔离anti-Semitic 反犹的参考译文卡特谈巴以问题有关巴勒斯坦的问题和以色列走向和平道路的问题在以色列人和许多其他民族引起激烈争论，但它在美国却是个例外。

UNIT11非言语交际话语的影响力受说话的方式影响。

在讲话的时候，非言语交际是一个至关重要的因素，你可以在适当的场合使用适当的面部和身体运动。

设想你在参加一个晚会。

晚会期间你对周围的人有了种种印象。

艾伦看上去悠然自得，性情平和。

玛格丽特却是神经紧张，性格暴躁。

卡伦落落大方，直言快语；而埃米却是心存芥蒂，言辞含糊。

埃里克见到你很高兴，而马克则明显不是。

你是怎样得出这些结论的?令人吃惊的是，你得出这些结论并不是基于人们说了些什么话，而是由于他们以非言语方式，――即通过他们的姿势、手势，和面部表情所表达出来的东西。

假设你坐在马克旁边，他说，“这个晚会太棒了。

非常高兴今晚能和你在一起。

”然而，他的身体却微微挪到一边，并不断地看屋子对面的某个人。

不管他嘴上如何说，你知道那晚他并不高兴和你在一起。

在进行演讲时，类似的事情也往往发生。

下面一则故事讲的就是一个学生最初两次在教室里所作的演讲，以及每次演讲时他的非言语行为所产生的效果：丹·奥康纳的第一次演讲并不很成功。

尽管他事先选择了一个很有趣的话题，做过仔细的研究，并非常认真地练习过，他却没有考虑到非言语交际的重要性。

轮到他讲时，他的脸掠过惊恐的神色。

他像个死囚犯似的从椅子上站起来，步履沉缓地走上讲台，那样子像是走向断头台。

他说的相当不错，可演讲的同时他的那双手却自行其事。

他的手一会儿摆弄他的演讲稿，一会儿抚弄衬衫上的扣子，一会儿又在讲台上敲打。

整个演讲过程丹低着头，并不断地看表。

不管他嘴里在讲什么，他的身体在表明，“我可不想在这儿！”最后终于讲完了。

丹跑向他的座位，一下子瘫在位置上，如释重负的样子。

不用说，他的演讲不怎么成功。

幸运的是，人们指出他在非言语交际方面的问题时，丹认真地去改正。

他的下一次演讲就完全两样。

这次他从座位上站起来，迈着大步很自信地跨上讲台。

他控制着双手，集中注意力与听众进行目光接触。

这确实是个进步，因为丹和上次一样紧张。

不过，他发现自己越是显得自信，就越变得自信。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元...英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元英译汉（二）Beijing Is No Longer Likea Black-and-White PhotographVocation in China was a new experience. In Beijing in the 1980s, we felt like birds in a cage. At that time foreigners couldn’t travel at will around the country. My few trips outside Beijing were usually “business only”. Few Chinese cities were open to foreigners, and we needed travel permits everywhere we went. Airline flights were few, tickets were hard to get and they cost more for us than for Chinese citizens. Worst of all, our interactions with Chinese people were extremely limited. For example, two men stood at the door of the hotel where we lived, challenging every Chinese who entered. You could say that our China experience was shallow.In my memory, Beijing was like a black-and-white photograph. Few cars were on the streets, only bicycles. Everyone wore dark blue clothing. In the parks, the ground was bare of even a blade of grass. The gray buildings all looked alike. But when I stepped off the plane in Beijing in September 20,2001, the black-and-white photograph exploded into bright color and came to life. Impressive new high-rise buildings lined the streets, which were jammed with buses, trucks, and private cars. People wearing colorful clothing thronged the department stores and bookstores.Coffee houses, fast-food joints, and every kind of restaurant beckoned us to try every kind of food. Small children played happily in verdant parks. Is this Beijing, I wondered, or HongKong? I walked and gawked, like a peasant visiting the city for the first time.Because I had seen the China of 20 years ago, I could compare the old with the new. The changes in material circumstances were enormous, and easy to recognize. But I wanted to understand the deeper changes –in people’s thinking, attitudes, and lifestyles. But how could a foreigner penetrate the surface, to see into the Chinese state of mind? Arriving in Beijing, I couldn’t help but not ice the ads and signs everywhere. So I thought, could I use them to understand today’s China?课文词汇throng 群集beckon 召唤；吸引gawk 呆呆地看penetrate 渗透；看穿；洞察参考译文北京不再是一幅黑白照片在中国度假是一种崭新的经历。

Translation1.你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼．2.总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育．3.待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住．4.每天他都留出点时间跟家里人在一起，享受生活．5.我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父母亲手拉手走路的情景．6.他最终辜负了父母的期望．7.相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。

8.经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点1)Y ou should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.（spend time on sth/ indoing sth）2)In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. (than ever before)3)When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4)Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5)I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6)He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.7)In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8)He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.第二单元翻译部分出题时用的汉语版本（仅供参考）：1.她穿了一件有玫瑰图案的衣服。

2.海伦为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜。

2022年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案英译汉Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year.Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wil dernesses, according to a new study.Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardo us chemicals〞 or microplastics.The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination〞of the planet.Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarcti ca to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re fa cing,〞she said.Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS.Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes andconsumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,〞 he said.There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.Bengtsson said: “Pla stic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.〞参考答案：在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。

笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元英译汉（二）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元英译汉（二）It Takes Years to Learn English WellConfucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”The average life expectancy at the Spring and Autumn Periods and Warring States Periods was, according to some research, about 19 years. Confucius lived 72 to 73 years, a rare god of longevity indeed. It was even hard for those with power and leisure to reach such an age. Therefore, Confucius could be very well learned, far from what an ordinary person could expect at his times.The latest statistics in 2001 shows that the world life expectancy is 62.2 with the Japanese taking the lead to be 79.66 while China gaining a position surpassing all developing countries by its 69.98. However, the Chinese have not yet reached the age to do what they intend freely without breaking the rules. Thus, rules are hard not to be broken.1 / 3Unit 12 EN-CH (II) Americans Wi th Bad Habits Claim “Excellent” Health Calculated in the terms Confucius set for us in learning, those of us who have been learning English for ten years still have a long way to go before reaching the time to be established. To have no confusion, one has to spend 25 years. To truly understand the purpose of English learning, one has to do it for 35 years. It takes 45 years if one wants to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words, and 55 years to manipulate English language freely without breaking the rules.课文词汇Confucius 孔子，孔丘expectancy 期望；期望值longevity 长寿；长命manipulate 操作；操纵；运用参考译文学好英语要多少年？子曰：“吾十有五而有志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不愈矩。

笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元英译汉（二）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元英译汉（二）Americans with Bad Habits Claim “Excellent”HealthNearly one in five US workers claims to be in excellent health despite being overweight, smoking, drinking excessively or seldom exercising, according to a newly published survey. In the nationwide study of 1,450 employed adults released by Oxford Plans Inc., 17 percent describe their health as excellent but displayed not-so-excellent habits. Of those people, 55 percent claimed they were at least 25 pounds (11 kg) overweight, 31 percent smoked, 21 percent drank at least three glasses of alcohol a day, 29 percent drank at least four cups of coffee or tea, and 36 percent never exercised, it said. In addition, a quarter of them said they were likely to eat fried foods and salty or sugary snacks. “Denial is dangerous when it comes to your health. It exacts a heavy toll down the road,” Alan Muney, executive vice-president of Oxford, said in a statement. The study also showed people with healthier habits such as frequent exercise and good diet are most motivated at work, ranking 8.9 on a 10-point scale, and most useful on the job, scoring 9 on a 10 point scale. Those with the healthiest habits1 / 3Unit 11 EN-CH (II)Americans With Bad Habits Claim “Excellent” Health were the least likely to lose sleep over their jobs and least to lose personal and family activities due to work. Of those workers with the most detrimental habits, 37 percent said they sat at their desks all day, 41 percent took no breaks at work and 18 percent were most likely to lose sleep over work.课文词汇snack 小吃toll 损失、牺牲、破坏的程度denial 拒绝；否认；否定motivative 激发，刺激，给与动机参考译文有坏习惯的美国人自称健康“极佳”2 / 3笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元英译汉（二）根据一项新发表的调查结果，近五分之一的美国工作人员声称自己很健康——尽管他们体重超标、吸烟酗酒或很少锻炼身体。

笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元英译汉（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元英译汉（一）Looking Forward to a Laugh? Good for You!Laughter may be the best medicine, but even looking forward to having a good laugh can boost the immune system and reduce stress, U.S. researchers reported on Wednesday.Just anticipating a happy, funny event can raise levels of endorphins and other pleasures and relaxation-inducing hormones and lower production of stress hormones, a team at the University of California Irvine said.This team tested 16 men who all agreed they thought a certain video tape was funny. Half of them was told three days in advance they would watch it.Those who knew in advance they could see the video started experiencing biological changes right away.When the men watched the video, levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, fell 39 percent. Epinephrine fell 70 percent, while levels of the feel-good hormone endorphin rose 27 percent and growth hormone levels rose by 87 percent. “Growth hormone is very beneficial to the immune system,” according to the team.1 / 3Unit 11EN-CH (I) Looking Forward to a Laugh? Good for You!This all suggest that anticipation of a funny event can lower stress and stimulate the immune system, Lee Berk, an assistant professor of family medicine and researcher in complementary and alternative medicine who led the study said.Berk and others have already showed that actually watching a funny video, or just laughing at a joke, could make healthful changes in the levels of hormones involved in stress and lower blood pressure.“You have been thinking about it all day, so you experience a change in biology even before you get there,” Berk said. “That is therapeutic.”Berk said the finding strengthens the advice “that everyone lighten up a little to live longer. “Anticipation is half or two-thirds the fun,” he said.课文词汇boost 提高；增进；推进immune 免疫的hormone 荷尔蒙，激素biological 生物的，生物学的cortisol 考的素（一种应激激素）参考译文开怀大笑能延年，笑意浓浓亦益寿笑也许是一贴良药，据美国研究人员星期三报道：即使心里期待着开怀大笑一次，也能增强免疫系统，减少压力。

笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元英译汉（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元英译汉（一）Classes at American CollegeThe year at an American college is divided into 2 semesters or 3 quarters. Semesters are 15 weeks; quarters are 10 weeks. American college students usually attend school from September to May. Occasionally their academic pursuits extend into the summer.Students choose their classes a few weeks prior to the start of each term. Universities offer a great many classes in the students’ main area of study and in other areas as well. Students must take both. These include science, mathematics, computer, history and English. Other classes may be just for fun, like dance, theater or sports. Tests usually are given in the middle of the term and at the end. The final examinations are extremely important. In some classes, the professor asks the students to write a research paper or complete a certain task instead of taking a test.Classes usually are organized through lectures. For example, a student may attend 2 or 3 lectures a week by the professor. As many as several hundred students sit at each lecture. Sometimes they also attend a smaller class to ask questions and discuss what the professor1 / 3Unit 12 EN-CH (I) Classes at American Collegesays. These small classes are taught by professor’s assistants. In science classes, students also have a long laboratory class each week.What do American students study at college? The US Department of Education says the most popular area of study is science and management. Next is social science, which encompasses history, sociology, literature, public relations and political science. English is another popular field of study. Then comes computer science and health and life sciences like biology, chemistry and physics. Education is popular, too. Foreign languages are not popular as a main area of study among American college students. However, students at many colleges must study a language other than English before they can graduate. The most popular foreign language is Spanish, followed by French and German.课文词汇semester (每学年分为二学期制度中的)学期quarter (每学年分为三、四学期制度中的)学期参考译文美国大学的课程在美国大学里，一学年常分为两个学期或三修学季。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十三单元英译汉（二）Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal mistakes are often are more difficult to avoid than verbal ones. For example, the amount of appropriate eye contact varies according to the country. When negotiating with the Japanese, I have learned to use intermittent eye contact across the bargaining table rather than starting directly. Southeast Asians also find an intense gaze unpleasant. During my first week on assignment in Singapore, my secretary nervously asked me, “Boss, why do you always look at us so fiercely?” While you may learn to use an indirect gaze in East and Southeast Asia, you have to unlearn that lesson when doing business in the Mediterranean region, West Asia, and Latin America. These expressive people believe to demons trate interest in the “windows of the soul.” They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and to show that they are honest and sincere. If you use indirect eye contact, you may be regarded as insincere – perhaps even dishonest.Appropriate eye contact is also important socially. In the U.S., people generally look straight ahead while walking side-by-side with a1 / 4friend. But in the more expressive societies of southern Europe, such behavior will be considered cold and impersonal. In those countries, people prefer to read your eyes and facial expressions as they talk to you.Another important consideration is being sensitive of people’s personal space, which varies according to the culture. For example, two U.S. businessmen meeting for the first time will stand about an arm’s length apart while two Arab men may stand almost face-to-face. For West Asians, being kept “at arm’s length” signals unfriendliness.Another variable aspect of body language is touch behavior, which differs greatly even between such close neighbors as the British and the French. Researchers recently videotaped couples in Paris and London cafes and counted the number of times touched each other in one hour. They recorded an average about 100 touches per hour in Paris and no touching at all in London.课文词汇nonverbal 非言语的intermittent 断断续续的，间歇的，时断时续的impersonal 不牵涉个人感情的；不专属某人的；不指定某人的videotape 录像参考译文非言语交际非言语交际中出现的错误往往比言语交际中的错误更难避免。