八年级上Unit 8 English Week
学科：英语任课教师: Ida Li授课时间：2016年月日(星期三) 15:00~ 17:00 姓
名
情态动词
教
学
目
标
知识点：情态动词
考点、能力：情态动词后动词的时态
方法：习题分析，作业巩固。
重
点
情态动词后动词的用法
*warming up
( )1. I don’t know if it ______tomorrow. If it ______,we won’t go on a picnic.
A.rains;rains
B. will rain;rains
C. will rain;will rain ( )2. In summer , food goes bad easily ________ it is put in the refrigerator.
A. until
B. if
C. unless
( )3. --I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week.
--Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy,
A．If B．Until C．Unless D．Before ( )4. —Could we play football in your playground, Sir ?
--No,_______ you have the principal’s note.
A.if
B.unless
C.because
D.since
( )5. Many children like fried chicken _______it is unhealthy food.
A.if
B.because
C.although
( )6. All the students in Class 5 will climb the mountain if it _______ rain tomorrow.
A. won’t
B. don’t
C. didn’t
D. doesn’t ( )7 ---Would you like to go bike riding with us tomorrow?
---Sure, ________ I am busy.
A. since
B. unless
C. when
D. until ( )8. I don’t like bread. I won’t eat it ________ I am very hungry.
A. when
B. unless
C. if
( )9. You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary _____ you don’t know it.
A. if
B. that
C. though
D. whether ( )10. After the meeting, we will have a party. If you _______ free, come and join us.
A. are
B. will be
C. were
Vocabulary
重点单词：
名词(n)：speech演说；演讲notice通告；布告competition比赛；竞赛treasure 珍宝；宝物chance机会；机遇topic话题opinion意见；想法suggestion 建议；提议
动词(v)：advise建议hide隐藏attack袭击；攻击choose选择；挑选
形容词(adj)：whole整个的；全部的rich富裕的；富有的poor贫穷的shy 羞怯的；腼腆的several几个，一些
副词（adv）：confidently自信地else其他的；别的
连词（conj): whenever无论何时；在任何......情况下
短语(phrases)：
1.in public公开地；在别人面前
2.put on上演
3.in my opinion 依我看
4.above all最重要的是；尤其是
5.look out小心，当心
情态动词
情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。1.should“应当；应该”，should not=shouldn’t
(1) should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
* should后面的动词用原形。例如：
①We should protect the environment.（肯定句）
②You shouldn't speak loudly in public。（否定句）
③Should they help the poor?(一般疑问句）--Yes，they should/No, they shouldn’t. ought to 也表示“应该”，有时候可以替代should.
You should read more books=You ought to read more books.
(2) should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.
你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。）
2.had better “最好...”，表示建议。
had better=d’ better had better not=’d better not
①You’d better go and see a doctor right now.
②He had better not drink too much,or you can’t drive your car.
3.can的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.—No. She __be there, I have just been there.
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，can’t表示推测[答案] 4.could的用法：
（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
5.may的用法：
（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3?—Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做……可以吗”。答案：A
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！
6.must的用法：
(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？
（2）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗
(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式：
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
7.need的用法：
（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答don’t have to。
如：—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you /don’t have to.不，你不必。
(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。
8.shall的用法：
shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？
在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
(1).用“Let's do...”来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.
(2).用“What/How about...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?
(3).用“Why not...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?
(4).用“Would you like...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?
因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?
8. should的用法：
（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。
（2）Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.
你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。）
9.will的用法：
will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。
注意：
1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。
由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。（一定不能说there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.→There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.一定不能说：There will have a sports meeting next week.
2、will与be going to do something区别：
①. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
②. be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. ③. be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
④.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
考点一、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:
1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you can’t.
2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,…don’t have to.
3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：
Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.
5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry ,
I can’t.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please. 【例题】—Would you do me ass on my thanks to Lily?—________.
A.That’s right
B.With pleasure D.No trouble
【解析】A.意为“对了”，B.意为“乐意效劳”, C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案：B
考点二、不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：
1.（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball.我不会打篮球。
（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。
（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, . / can’t.不，你不能。
（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁
can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…
如：She can’t help crying.她不禁大哭起来。
The children can’t wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。
2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也许不在家。
考点三、情态动词表示推测的用法:
一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。
1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man can＇t be her husband she is still single.
Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?
2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.
3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster.
—Where is Mr Li?—He might be working in his office. —May Mr Li come?—He might not come here.
4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：—Could it be an animal?—It could not be，because it is not moving.
5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 o’clock now they should b e there.
【情态动词易混点归纳】
易混点一: can和be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。
易混点二:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
易混点三: may be和maybe
用法区别常用位置may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。
易混点四：can’t
1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为：
（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。
（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。
（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。
易混点五：must和have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。
如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。
He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
2.have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。
如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
练习题：
一．单项选择
1( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may
B. can
C. has to
D. must
( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to
B. be able to
C. can able to
D. are able to
( ) 3 -May I take this book out?
-No, you___.
A. can't
B. may not
C. needn't
D. aren't
( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can
B. must
C. dare
D. would
( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese?
-No, I____.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. may not
2( ) 1 -He___ be in the classroom, I think.
-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not
B. must; may not
C. may; can't
D. may; mustn't
( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?
-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.
A. may not
B. must not
C. can't
D. needn't
( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can
B. shall
C. must
D. has to
( ) 5 ___ I take this one?
A. May
B. Will
C. Are
D. Do
3( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't
B. can
C. mustn't
D. must
( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. don't have to
D. don't need to
( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once?
-No, you___.
A. needn't
B. mustn't
C. can't
D. may not
4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to
B. don't have to
C. haven't to
D. doesn't have to
( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he?
A. did
B. didn't
C. does
D. doesn't
( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they?
A. mustn't
B. did
C. didn't
D. hadn't
5( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he?
A. didn't
B. don't
C. hadn't
D. isn't
( ) 2 You'd better___late next time.
A. not to be
B. not be
C. won't be
D. don't be
( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.
A. had; cut
B. had; cutted
C. have; cut
D. have; cutted
( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.
A. had better not to
B. had not better
C. had better
D. had better not
6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?
A. Here you are
B. Sorry, I can't
C. Yes, please
D. Let me try
( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us?
-Thanks, ___.
A. I will
B. I won't
C. lean
D. I may
( ) 3 -___ I take the newspaper away?
-No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.
A. Must; can
B. May; can
C. Need; must
D. Must; must
7( ) 1 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do
B. Should
C. Would
D. Must
( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could
B. Will
C. Would
D. Do
( ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us?
-Yes, ___.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
8( ) 1 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon.
A. needn't
B. can't
C. mustn't
D. have to
( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he?
A. need
B. needn't
C. does
D. doesn't
( ) 3 -Must we do our homework first?
-No, you___. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. may not
D. can't
二、完型填空
An old couple (夫妇) went into a restaurant. They 1 something to eat: one Coca Cola and one portion (一份) of french fries.
The old man sat down and his wife sat opposite him. The man began to divide (分开) the Coca Cola into two glasses, half for him and half for his wife. He divided all the french fries into two halves. He gave half to his wife and 2 half for himself. Then he began to eat and drink. The woman drank her Coca Cola but 3 eat.
A young man was standing next to the table. He didn’t know 4 the old man had divided everything in half. He thought maybe they didn’t have any 5 . He said to the old couple: “I can buy you one more portion. You don’t have to 6 like that.”
The old man said: “No, no, we have been married (结婚) for 40 years and we always share 7 . Whatever we have, we share half and half. Don’t worry, but thank you 8 .”The young man looked at the old woman who 9 wasn’t eating her french fries. He asked: “Why aren’t you eating?”
“Today it’s my husband’s 10 to eat first,” the wife answered.
1. A. took B. cooked C. made D. ordered
2. A. asked B. kept C. cared D. mixed
3. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. did n’t D. wouldn’t
4. A. how B. that C. what D. why
5. A. money B. time C. work D. question
6. A. look B. spend C. seem D. share
7. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
8. A. all the time B. at the time C. at the same time D. all the same
9. A. ever B. always C. still D. even
10. A. feeling B. turn C. interest D. Project
三、阅读理解
Dreams
"Dreams (梦) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some scientists say.
Dreams take up(占据) about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.
Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may(可能) have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over(携入) into dreams.
Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) quickly from memory (记忆).
Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
1. It may be less important to sleep than to__.
A. think
B. dream
C. work
D. study
2. Dreams and films are usually ____.
A. very long
B. in colour
C. about work
D. very sad
3. Why do some people often dream about their work?
A. Because they are tired in the daytime.
B. Because they are not interested in their work.
C. Because they may be thinking about their work all day.
D. Because they have too much work to do.
4. The main idea of the story is that ____.
A. what dream is
B. people like to sleep
C. dreams are like films
D. we always remember dreams
In England (英格兰人) nobody under eighteen years old is allowed (允许) to drink in a bar (酒吧).
Mr Thompson often went to a bar near his house.But he never took his son, Tom, because he was too young.Then when Tom had his eighteenth birthday, Mr Thompson took him to his usual bar for the first time.They drank for an hour.Tom drank a bit.Then Mr Thompson said to his son,“Now, Tom, I want to teach you a useful(有用的) lesson.How do you know when you’ve had enough(足够的)? Well, I’ll tell you.Do you see those two lights(灯) at the end of the bar? When they seem(好象) to become four, you’ve had enough and should(应该) go home.”
“But, Dad,”said Tom,“I can only see one light at the end of the bar.”
1.Young people ______ allowed to drink in a bar until eighteen.
A.is not
B.are not
C.many
D.must
2.When Tom was a child, his father often went to a nearby bar______ taking him.
A.by
B.for
C.with
D.without
3.On Tom’s eighteenth birthday, he drank together with his father in that bar for
______. A.the first time B.once
C.many times
D.eighteen times
4.Father wanted to tell his son ______.
A.the time to drink
B.something about the light
C.when to stop drinking
D.something about the bar
5.In fact (事实上), there ______ at the end of the bar.
A.was one light
B.were two lights
C.were three lights
D.were four lights
四．根据句意完成句子
A
1.As a good teacher，he or she must c________ well with his or her students.
2.Look at the n________ on the blackboard, we are going to have a camp next
Saturday.
3.Kite took part in the speech c________ and won the first prize.
4.Please give me another c________ ,I will do better.
5.Could you give me some s________ ? I have no idea about it.
6.Which colour would you c________ ,black or red?
B
1.小女孩总是在公众面前很害羞。
The little girl is always shy________ ________ .
2.在我看来，帮助别人就是帮助自己。
________ ________ ________ ，helping others is helping yourself.
3.我们应当学好英语，尤其是英语口语。
We should learn English well, ________ ________ ,learn spoken English well.
五．写作
你的学校下周将举行英语周活动，请你根据以下提示，向同学们介绍以下并呼吁他们参加。80词左右
1.举行英语歌曲比赛
2.英语演讲比赛
3.看英文电影
4.......