牛津译林八下Unit1知识梳理
Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit
1：past and present
（1）past
①n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去
In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.
People lived a hard life in the past.
②adj. 过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里
常用于现在完成时
Let’s not make the past mistakes.
He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years.
③prep. 过half past ten 十点半
Our car was past the Tian’anmen Square when it broke down.
④adv. 经过go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.
A woman saw it happen when she walked past.
When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.
（2）present
①adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的be present at the meeting 出席会议
②n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在； a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物
He is busy at present.
③vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; present sb. with sth.
Everyone can be present ed a present at present.
2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.
你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。
（1）change此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。change into意为“变成”。
In England, the weather changes very often.在英格兰，天气时常变化。
The place changed into a beautiful park last year.这个地方去年变成了一个漂亮的公园。
拓展：
①change还可用作及物动词，意为“交换;改变;换乘”。
Can I change seats with you?我可以和你换一下座位吗?
At last, he changed his mind.最后，他改变了主意。
I stopped in Moscow just to change planes.我为了转机才在莫斯科停留的。
②change还可用作可数或不可数名词，意为“改
变，变化，转变”;用作不可数名词时，还可意为“零钱;找头”
Can you tell me something about the change to the city?你能告诉我有关这个城市的变化吗? Let's go out to a restaurant for a change!咱们到饭店去换换口味吧!
I have no change with me.我没带零钱。
（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;
vt.用，使用; 行使use sth to do useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的
①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 否定形式：used not to+v.或didn’t use to+v.
疑问形式：Used sb. to v.? Yes, sb used./No, sb usedn’t.
或Did sb. use to+v.? Yes, sb did./No, sb didn’t.
②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)
It’s not easy to get used to the changes of life quickily.（P17）
He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, h e’s barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.
③be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
（A）He used to_______ in a small village, but now he has been used to_______ in a big city.
A. live; living
B. live; live
C. living; living
（ B ）Do you know what the box_______?
A. is used to doing
B. is used to do
C. use to do
D. used to do Reading
1: ...so Millie is interviewing him to get some information.
interview n．采访，会见vt．采访；面试
interview sb．＝have an interview with sb.采访某人
拓展：interviewer作名词，意为“采访者，面试官”。
Sally became a member of the company after the job interview.
萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。
I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon
＝I had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我采访了张先生。
2：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.
in the northern part of China = in northern China = in the north of China
批注：注意in the north与in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：
Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.
3：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。
（1）marry:
①vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合;
marry sb = get married to sb 与某人结婚marry A to B 把A嫁给B
②adj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B
③n. marriage 婚姻
（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动
move away 搬走move into 搬进move out of 搬出...
Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.
3：Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入turn... into... = change...into... 把...变成Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.
I saw him turn into the library.
How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?
turn on开turn off 关turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn around 转身
turn over把……翻过来turn back 往回走turn left 向左转turn right 向右转by turns 轮流，交替in turn 依次；轮流turn in 交出；上交
take one’s turn 依次；轮流It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
5：Was pollution a problem then?
pollution n．
拓展：v. pollute污染pollute the air污染空气
常见短语：air pollution空气污染；noise pollution噪音污染；light pollution光污染
I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.
我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。
6：They often put the waste into the river.他们经常把垃圾放到河里。
（1）put sth into 把……放进，使进入
Please put the food into the fridge.
put away 拿走，储存…备用put back放回；向后移
put down 写下；记下put on 穿上;上演put in安装
put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭
put up 举起；抬起；张贴；搭建
（2）①waste n(u). 废弃物，垃圾，浪费
时间/金钱的浪费 a waste of time/money
②v. 浪费waste...on sth / waste...(in)doing sth
We should save water instead of wasting it.
Don’t waste time playing games.
③adj. 无法利用的，废弃的waste land, waste paper
7：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。
(1 )realize (= realise )此处用作及物动词,意为“意识到”，其后可接名词或从句作宾语。Have you realized the pollution here?你意识到这里的污染了吗?
Suddenly I realized that he was not married.突然我意识到他没有结婚。
(2 ) take action 意为“采取行动”。take action to do sth.意为“采取行动做某事”。They took action to protect wild animals.他们采取行动保护野生动物。
take的常见短语:
take a look看一看take a message捎个口信take notes记笔记take exercise锻炼
take away拿走take care保重,当心take care of照顾take down拿下take out拿出take off脱下;(飞机)起飞take place发生，举行take part in参加(3)improve此处用作及物动词，意为“改进，改善”,其名词形式为improvement (改善,改进)。
I want to improve my English.我想提高我的英语水平。
(4)situation用作可数名词，意为“形势，情况”。
in a... situation“在……的形势下”
He is in a difficult situation.他处境困难。
辨析：situation和condition
situation 意为“情况”，“形势”，“局面”，主要是指各种情况之间的相互关系以及该情况与有关人士之间的关系，即强调相互之间的联系和影响。如：
the international situation 国际形势
the political situation 政局
the present situation 目前形势
condition作“状况”解释时与state 相近，但含有“与周围环境有关”之意。如：
He's now in a dangerous situation. 他现在处境危险。
The condition of my health prevented me from working.我的健康状况不允许我继续工作。
He's in no condition to travel.他的健康状况不宜于旅行。
The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.此船的情况不宜作长途航行。
8：Now the river is much cleaner. 现在河流干净了很多。
此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit;
a lot...
--How do you feel today? --Even worse.
9：Well, in some ways it is. 好的，在某种程度上它是。
in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上
In some ways, I do agree with you.
1. in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法；in this way用这种方法；
2. on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)
3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；
4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；
5. in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上in no way________________
6. in the way 挡道in the way of sb挡在某人路上
10：It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。
（1）句式分析：此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see each other.
常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.
拓展：在“It is+形容词+ to do sth."这句式中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for/of引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。其中作表语的形容词是important,necessary, easy，difficult等描述事物特征的形容词时，用for引起的短语；作表语的形容词是kind,clever, foolish, polite等描述人的性格、品质的形容词时，则用of引起的短语。
It is important _____ you to study hard.
It is very kind _____ you to lend me so much money.
（2）impossible adj.不可能的
impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。
拓展：在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-,ir-,dis-等。
有些形容词加上相应的否定前缀，就构成其反义词,这种构词法称为派生法。
①大多数形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。
necessary--- unnecessary 不必要的
friendly---unfriendly 不友好的
pleasant---unpleasant 让人不愉快的
②以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。
correct--- incorrect 不正确的
expensive---inexpensive 不昂贵的
③以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。
proper---improper 不合适的
polite--- impolite 不礼貌的
④以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。
regular---irregular (不规则的)
⑤有些形容词加前缀dis- 构成反义词。
honest--- dishonest (不诚实的)
注：含加否定前缀构成的形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。
He is unhappy today, isn't he?他今天不高兴，是吗?
11：Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我经常会感到有点孤单。
（1）辨析 a bit与a little
两者都意为“有点儿”，用法既有相同点，也有不同点，具体如下:
①二者都是表程度的副词短语,修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时，意义相同，意为“一点儿，有些”。
The pollution here is a bit/little serious.这里的污染有点儿严重。
He walked a little bit slowly.他走路有点儿慢。
②二者都可以作名词短语，充当主语或宾语。
A bit/little is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。
I know only a bit/little about her.我对她的情况只了解一点儿。
③a little可直接修饰不可数名词,a bit后须加of才可以修饰不可数名词。
There is a little water in the bottle. =There is a bit of water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点儿水。（2）辨析: lonely与alone
Living in a big city can make people feel lonely sometimes.
生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。
She lives in a lonely mountain village她生活在一个偏僻的山村。
I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。
The old man lives alone on the hill.那个老人独自一人在山上居住。
（3）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)
at the same time 同时in time及时；适时on time 按时，准时；按时
all the time 始终，一直at a time 一次；每次；在某时
from time to time 不时，有时for the first time 首次；第一次
12：Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。
（1）amazing adj. 令人吃惊的，惊叹的
通常说明物本身所具有的特征，可作表语或定语。
It is amazing that there is so much waste here.这儿有那么多废料，真让人吃惊。
This movie has some amazing actions.这部电影里有一些让人惊叹的动作。
拓展：
amazed形容词，意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”，通常说明人的感受，常作表语。
be amazed at/by.意为“对大为惊讶”。
I was amazed at her knowledge of English literature.她对英国文学的了解让我大为惊讶。（2）take place意为“发生”，与happen意思相近,但用法有区别。
take place常指经过安排而发生，而happen常指偶然发生，它们都不能用于被动语态。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
Do you know what will happen in one hundred years?你知道100 年后会发生什么吗?
拓展：
①take place还可意为“举行”，相当于hold，但hold可用于被动语态。
The World Cup takes place every four years.= The World Cup is held every four years.世界杯每四年举行一次。
②take sb.'s place或take the place of sb.意为“代替某人”
The man was ill in hospital and his friend took his place.那个人生病住院了，他朋友代替了他。
Integrated skills & Study skills &Task
1：Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。
=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.
翻译：在过去的几年里，月光镇发生了很多变化。
_________________________________________________________
2：We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。
①communicate vt. 传达（新闻，意见，感情等）
The little boy can’t communicate his ideas clearly.
②communicate vi. 交流；沟通；通讯
communicate with sb. 和某人沟通交流
He had no way to communicate with his brother.
③communication n. 交流；沟通；通讯
3：Now people are enjoying a comfortbale life.
comfortable adj.舒适的；愉快放松的
Trainers are so comfortable to wear.
拓展：
反义词：uncomfotable
副词：comfortably
动词/名词：comfort 安慰；慰藉
本单元语法：
知识点1：already 与yet 用法区别
already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet 用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
例:：I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)
I worked out the math problem . Present perfect tense (现在完成时)
项目 内容
备注 概念
◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie has eaten my food.
(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去
的动作或状态。
Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.
Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 构成 助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面
加ed.特殊变化详见书本。
（P122-123）
肯定形式 They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework. 缩略形式：
they have=they ’ve;
he has=he ’s
否定形式 They haven’t finished their homework. He hasn’t finished his homework.
疑问形式 Have they finished their homework? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
关键词
already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句),
since+一点时间, for+一段时间,
never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice 等)
before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now
◇表示过去某一个动作的结
果，现在情况依然存在。这
时一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen.
◇包括现在时间在内的时间
状语如today, this month,
this week 等有时也用现在
完成时。
解析：already与yet的转换.
知识点2：since 和for用法区别
(1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。
since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
例：They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.
= They have worked in the factory for ten years
We have learned English for nearly three years.
=We have learned English since three years ago.
知识点3：现在完成时的句型
a. It is the first / second/… tim e that+从句（从句用现在完成时）
It is the first time that she has visited the city. 这是她第一次参观这座城市。
b.This is the +形容词最高级+名词that +从句（从句用现在完成时）
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我曾看过的最好电影。
I must say that it's the best model I have ever seen. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。
c. It’s +一段时间+since从句(或It has been +一段时间+since从句).
自从某事发生已有一段时间了。
It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
It’s over twenty years since we last met.
It’s a long time since our last vacation.
7A 享乐，乐趣，有趣的事 队，组 unit1 谈论(词组) n. 年级比赛，竞赛 n. 学生偶像，英雄 n. 阅读unit3 n. 同班同学哪一个pron. ) 词组放学后(（well的最高级）最，最好地adv. 苗条的因此，所以conj. ) 词组擅长于(生物 adv. 穿过地理教室历史跳舞，舞蹈日期 n. 游泳会议，集会年龄（表示整点）…点钟可爱的，讨人喜欢的大门业余爱好如此，这么，非常adv. 高兴的引，领，带vt. pron. 每人，人人到处，向各处adv. ) (来自词组领某人参观(词组) 复数）n.(眼镜前面n. unit2 建筑物，房子，楼房散步，步行地，地面 adv. 的确，确实)(答话时表示感兴趣或惊讶底层，一楼(词组) 碗，盆明亮的次，回现代的，新式的网球礼堂，大厅排球日记 vt. 享受…的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱看一看(词组) ) 去游泳词组(墙运动员让我想想(词组) 成员下课后(词组) 俱乐部（用于请求别人重复）什么，再说一遍空闲的n. 电话vt. 希望) 词组通电话( 梦想，梦) 词组从…到…( 真的，真实的vt. 需要…时间，费时) (变为现实，成为现实词组) (词组起床n. 画画) 词组(去上学周末) 词组阅览室() 词组(在周末adv. 只，只有，仅) (当然词组adv. （口）当然vi. 购物n. 种类n. 乒乓球各种各样的adv. 另外，其他vt. 借，借用n. 许多，好些) 词组(向…借) (许多，大量词组n. 信，函 1 不多（d的），少数（的）野餐 一次adv. 一些，少量(词组) 原因，理由n. 离开，远离adv. 准备完毕adj. 远离(词组) 为…准备好(词组(词组) ) 走路，步行学，学习，学会v. （good的最高级）最好的世界) n. 一切顺利，万事如意(词组unit5 unit4 庆祝，庆贺v. 醒，醒来，唤醒v. 猜，猜测醒来(词组) n. 穿着，穿衣v. （表示提出或征求意见） 乔装打扮(词组) 小山n. 作为，当作prep. 很少，不常adv. 圣诞节adv. n. （从…里）出来，向外，外出节日出去(词组) 因为词组) conj. 吃午饭/晚饭/早饭(礼物需要vt.
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
初中英语语法练习12 牛津版 I、 Choose the best answer. (共26分) 1. Be careful when you go out. The streets ______ snow now. A. are made of B. are covered with C. are made up of D. are full of 2. ----I’m sorry I’ve broken your vase. -----: ______ A. with pleasure B. d on’t mind C. never mind D. don’t be sorry 3. The English story is quite easy for you. There are only ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 4. I’ll show you ______ our new housing estate when you finish your project. A. in B. to C. at D. around 5. They have to go over their lessons before nine o’clock, ______ ? A. haven’t they B. do they C. have they D. don’t they 6. A talk on science ______ in our school last Monday. A. gave B. gives C. was given D. is given 7. You will succeed in your work ______ you give up hope. A. unless B. if C. after D. until 8. He ______ from his newspaper as I entered the room. A. looked up B. looked at C. looked for D. looked out 9. Don’t talk to Simon like that. After all, he is only ______ o ne-year-old boy. A. a B. an C. the D. / 10. In my class, some students love music, ______ are fond of drawing. A. another B. the other C. the others D. others 11. My sister doesn’t like her new sweater. It makes her look rather ______ . A. fat B. nice C. fatter D. nicer 12. Unluckily, Mr. Brown drove so ______ that his car crashed into a tree yesterday evening. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. carelessly 13. These days Sally ______ on a diet. She only eats two meals a day. A. was going B. has gone C. goes D. is going 14. Amy has no idea ______ spend her summer holidays. A. what she should B. when should she C. where she should D. that she should 15. ______ fun it is to have a picnic on such a sunny day! A. what a B. what an C. what D. how 16. ______ Peter finished his homework, he jumped onto his bike and rode to the beach. A. though B. until C. as soon as D. if 17．I’m afraid you have made _____mistakes in the test. Please be careful next time. A. a few B. much C. a little D. few 18．Since you are very tired, you ____finish the work today. A. don’t B. needn’t to C. not need D. needn’t 19. Usually children ____ good care of by their parents when they are at home. A. take B. are taking C. have taken D. are taken 20. This isn’t ____ Chinese textbook. I think it is ____.
译林牛津版初中九年级英语下册单词表 9B Unit 1 Asia tiring /'ta??r?? / 使人疲劳的，累人的step /step / 台阶；阶梯Chinese knot /?t?a??ni?z n?t / *中国结 Chinese opera /?t?a??ni?z ??p(?)r? / *中国戏曲 Chinese paper-cut /?t?a??ni?z / paper-cut *中国剪纸 chopsticks /'t??pst?ks / （复）筷子 dragon dance /?dr?g(?)n dɑ?ns / *舞龙 middle /'m?d(?)l / 中间，中央 in the middle of /?n e??m?d(?)l ?v / 在……中间 emperor /'emp(?)r? / *皇帝 raising /'re?z?? / 升高 flag /fl?g / 旗帜 landscape /'l?n(d)ske?p / *风景；地形 attraction /?'tr?k?(?)n / *向往的地方；吸引watchtower /'w?t?ta?? / *瞭望塔 wonder /'w?nd? / 奇迹 lie /la? / 位于 shape /?e?p / 形状，外形 underground /?nd?'gra?nd / 地下的 cave /ke?v / *洞穴 hang /h?? / 垂下；悬挂 point /p??nt / 指，指向 upwards /'?pw?dz / *向上 hire /'ha?? / *租用；雇用 eastern /'i?st(?)n / 东部的，东方的 south-east 东南方 location /l?(?)'ke??(?)n / *地点，方位 take up /te?k ?p / 占据（空间）；占用（时间）
一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志，表示 正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 19等82。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到" ……时间了" "该……了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" It is time for you to go to bed 你. 该睡觉了。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如： Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. 初中英语知识点总结
补充： 1.句子的构成 初中一年级上语法 1.in,on,at表示时间的应用 in +parts of day(evening,morning,etc) /month/season/year on + day (Sunday, etc)/date(1 July,etc)/parts of a special day( Sunday morning)/special holidays(Children’s Day) at + time of day (seven o’clock)/ age(6 years old) 2.频率副词 never, seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always 3.疑问副词的用法 what,which,who,whose,when,why,how 4.可数名词与不可数名词 5.some和any的用法 6.There be句型 7.现在进行时及动词+ing的用法 初中一年级下语法 1.序数词与基数词 2.一般将来时：will与shall、be going to 3.名词所有格 名字+’s，mine,yours,ours,theirs,his,hers,its 4.冠词a,an, the的用法 5.表示方位的介词 In front of, behind,inside,outside,above,below,over,under 6.一般过去式及过去分词+ed的用法 7.can,could,may的用法 8.What 和How开头的感叹句 9形容词的用法，在句子中的位置 10.不定代词的用法 Somebody, someone, something Anybody, anyone, anything Nobody, no one, nothing Everybody, everyone, everthing 初中二年级上语法 1.比较级、最高级的用法 than作为比较级、the+最高级的用法 +er 及+est 的用法，most+形容词表示最高级 2. more…than, fewer….than,less..than, the most, the fewest, the least的用法 3. as…as的用法 4.反身代词的用法 Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 5.祈使句的用法
下面是江苏译林牛津7A 英语单词表，欢迎家长和学生使用。 Unit 1 e-dog master year grade reading club everyone be born after slim long music hard short swimming wear glasses enjoy polite helpful hobby badminton volleyball court football field swimming pool swim eat fish Maths walk fly lunchtime every day walking drawing always weekend usually run hour then sometimes often dinner grandparent restaurant sports news score player team member goal next World age birthplace match well win again really strong rubber borrow say understand start begin dark CD lots of (= a lot of) lesson sport someone sound great Unit 2 wake sleep just exercise after-school activity homework supper because best chat each other first spend library Tuesday Friday practise swimmer kind mail send use Internet twice week model newspaper should much better both together comic Thursday Monday Wednesday
初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下， 一、初一英语语法——词法 1、名词 A）、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes 西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同
1 / 4 初中英语语法练习（十二） I、Choose the best answer. (共26分) 1. Be careful when you go out. The streets ______ snow now. A. are made of B. are covered with C. are made up ofD. are full of 2. ----I'm sorry I've broken your vase.-----: ______ A. with pleasure B. don't mind C. never mind D. don't be sorry 3. The English story is quite easy for you. There are only ______ new words in it. A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few 4. I'll show you ______ our new housing estate when you finish your project. A. inB. toC. atD. around 5. They have to go over their lessons before nine o'clock, ______ ? A. haven't they B. do they C. have they D. don't they 6. A talk on science ______ in our school last Monday. A. gave B. givesC. was givenD. is given 7. You will succeed in your work ______ you give up hope. A. unlessB. ifC. afterD. until 8. He ______ from his newspaper as I entered the room. A. looked upB. looked atC. looked forD. looked out 9. Don't talk to Simon like that. After all, he is only ______ one-year-old boy.A. aB. anC. theD. / 10. In my class, some students love music, ______ are fond of
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 人教版中考英语知识点大全 一、必背知识点总结： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 30 be born 出生于
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 译林版牛津初中英语单词默写表 预备课程Unit1（引人注意时的喊声，打招呼）嗨早晨，早上早晨好，上午好（对未婚女子的称呼）女士，小姐再见再见下午下午好（问候用语）你好吗？父亲母亲不，没有它（主格或宾格）一（个，件?) 照片 ?的家庭谁姑妈,伯母,舅妈,阿姨叔叔,伯父,舅舅,姑父堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹我（主格）是好的，优良的谢谢你（们）又，而，和，与你，你们（主格或宾格）是今天平安的，安然无恙的（表示问候或唤起注意）喂，你好什么是你的，你们的名字正确的，真实的（表示肯定）是，对不，不是（对已婚妇女的称呼）夫人预备课程Unit2 这个，这她（主格）我的姐，妹他（主格）双胞胎兄，弟狗猫（外）祖父（外）祖母医生老师警察护士成年男人,男人成年女子,妇女那个,那司机,驾车者工人,职员工作,职业预备课程Unit3 我们(主格) 同学 ?岁的,老的多大,几岁十二也有礼貌的,客气的乐于助人的(体积,程度,数量等)大的,巨大的强壮的矮小的,小的瘦的高的苗条的矮的漂亮的女孩 1/ 35
高兴的伤心的，难过的他们，她们，它们（主格）妈妈有，拥有二新的朋友男孩从，来自英格兰，英国英国的，英格兰人的美国美国的，美国人的这里允许，让我（宾格）看一看哦好的他们的，她们的，它们的（构成否定句及疑问句的助动词，无意义）书桌窗户包书铅笔盒使干净，打扫，清扫一三五钢笔六尺七八九铅笔十去，走向，朝，往学校，学业，学校教育知道，了解（表示了解或发现某事物的喜悦）啊哈看他们，她们，它们（宾格）四全部，都中国人，中国的预备课程Unit4 打开（定冠词）这，这些门请关，关闭站站起来，起立坐坐下黑板上学去迟的是是（现在式）又，再次在?之内班级十六十四看,看上去(vi) 教室（作引导词）表示“存在”在?之上墙十一数字，号码号码缩略式十五十八橡皮
人教版初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中
补充：1.句子的构成 初中一年级上语法 ,on,at表示时间的应用 in +parts of day(evening,morning,etc) /month/season/year on + day (Sunday, etc)/date(1 July,etc)/parts of a special day( Sunday morning)/special holidays(Children’s Day) at + time of day (seven o’clock)/ age(6 years old) 2.频率副词 never, seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always 3.疑问副词的用法 what,which,who,whose,when,why,how 4.可数名词与不可数名词 和any的用法 be句型 7.现在进行时及动词+ing的用法 初中一年级下语法 1.序数词与基数词 2.一般将来时：will与shall、be going to 3.名词所有格 名字+’s，mine,yours,ours,theirs,his,hers,its 4.冠词a,an, the的用法 5.表示方位的介词 In front of, behind,inside,outside,above,below,over,under 6.一般过去式及过去分词+ed的用法 ,could,may的用法 和How开头的感叹句 9形容词的用法，在句子中的位置 10.不定代词的用法 Somebody, someone, something Anybody, anyone, anything Nobody, no one, nothing Everybody, everyone, everthing 初中二年级上语法 1.比较级、最高级的用法 than作为比较级、the+最高级的用法 +er 及+est 的用法，most+形容词表示最高级 2. more…than, fewer….than,less..than, the most, the fewest, the least的用法 3. as…as的用法 4.反身代词的用法 Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 5.祈使句的用法 肯定：Open the door.
牛津译林初中英语单词表 It was last revised on January 2, 2021
7 A unit1 年级n. 学生n. 阅读n. 同班同学n. 放学后(词组) 苗条的 擅长于(词组) 穿过adv. 教室 跳舞，舞蹈 游泳n. 年龄 可爱的，讨人喜欢的 业余爱好 高兴的 每人，人人pron. 来自(词组) 眼镜n.(复数） unit2 散步，步行 (答话时表示感兴趣或惊讶)的确，确实adv. 碗，盆 次，回 网球 排球 享受…的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱vt. 去游泳(词组) 运动员 成员 俱乐部 空闲的 希望vt. 梦想，梦 真的，真实的 变为现实，成为现实(词组) 画画n. 周末 在周末(词组) 当然(词组) 购物vi. 乒乓球n. 另外，其他adv. 许多，好些n. 许多，大量(词组) 享乐，乐趣，有趣的事 队，组 谈论(词组) 比赛，竞赛 偶像，英雄 unit3 哪一个pron. （well的最高级）最，最好地adv. 因此，所以conj. 生物 地理 历史 日期 会议，集会 （表示整点）…点钟 大门 如此，这么，非常adv. 引，领，带vt. 到处，向各处adv. 领某人参观(词组) 前面n. 建筑物，房子，楼房 地，地面 底层，一楼(词组) 明亮的 现代的，新式的 礼堂，大厅 日记 看一看(词组) 墙 让我想想(词组) 下课后(词组) （用于请求别人重复）什么，再说一遍电话n. 通电话(词组) 从…到…(词组) 需要…时间，费时vt. 起床(词组) 去上学(词组) 阅览室(词组) 只，只有，仅adv. （口）当然adv. 种类n. 各种各样的 借，借用vt. 向…借(词组) 信，函n. 不多（d的），少数（的） 一些，少量(词组)
初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句39 be going to + v(原）将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as … 和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and… 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 82 by the end of 到……为止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？92 dance to 随着……跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢102 escape from 从……逃跑103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了