同位语从句
是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
类型：1、名词作同位语：Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.
2、句子作同位语：The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让女孩们感到吃惊。
3、直接引语作同位语：
But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”用法：1、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．
2、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
3、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开叫做间隔同位语从句。由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡， The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
具体分析：1、连词that引导（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
【注】在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from（离开） the team. 【注】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2、连词whether引导（注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
3、连接副词引导连接副词when,where,how,why
We haven’t yet settled the questi on where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
4、其它引导词引导连接代词what,who,whom,whose，引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.
5、先行词
1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词（有特殊情况，见下面），而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。
2．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
②I have no idea when she will be back．
引导词： 1.定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。总结四个引导词在两种从句中的不同用法。（课下）
2.what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。
主语从句：
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。主语从句的时态不受主句的时态影响和限制。具体如下：
（1）引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2）连词位于句首不能省略（3）主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数，但也有例外，当what引导的名词性分句作主语时，主谓一致问题极为复杂。
1.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
2. Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.去郊游；去远足
3. Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
4. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
5. What we need are good doctors.
6. Whatever you did is right.
为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首位置，真正主语搁置于句末
It is important that we all should attend the meeting. It+形式主语谓语+从句。另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：It turned out that…; It has been proved that……; It happened/occurred that……; It is well-known that……等等
用it 作形式主语的结构：(1) It is +名词+that从句It is a fact that ... 事实是 (2)
it is +形容词+that从句It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) it +不及物动词+that 从句It seems that… 似乎…(4) it is+过去分词+that从句It is reported that… 据报道…
It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较：
1.主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例: It is still a question whether she will come or not.
2.强调句不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
强调宾语：It is English that Jack teaches us.
强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判断是否是强调句方法：将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别：
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。
宾语从句区分主语从句的几个特征：宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。
名词性从句：
1.在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位
语、介词宾语（介词宾语，就是放在介词后面的名词、名词短语、甚至宾语从句，或者一些代词。you do not need to worry about this problem.）等，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
3.连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中"that"有时可以省略）whether,if （均
表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分。
4.连接代词（10个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever,
which, whicheve
5.连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词。
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
6.在从句中做成分的连词.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
2. 引导表语从句。The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
3. whether从句作介词宾语。I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.
4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。特别要注意：whether or not不能用在about和wonder之后
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用whether）
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）
5. 引导主语从句。Whether he will come is not clear.
6.引导同位语从句
句子的类型：
1. 陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句，陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
There is a great deal of people. Not many students attended the lecture.
全否定用not,no,never,neither,none,nothing等否定。表示“完全不是，完全不”的意思。Nothing is wrong with me.
半否定句在句子里用否定词hardly,scarcely,little,few,seldom,rarely等。
I hardly see anything in the room.=I can see little in the room.
“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是，有的不是”
All of them are not students.=Some of them are students,some are not.
宾语从句的否定形式用在think,believe,suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。
I don't think he'll come.=He will not come in fact,I think.
2. 疑问主要有四大句型，一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。反意疑问
句是高考英语的语法项目之一。
一般疑问句一、由肯定的陈述句转化的一般疑问句。
Have you been living here? 你一直住在这儿吗？
二、否定的一般疑问句。Can't he drive? 他不是会开车吗？
Can he not drive? 他不会开车吗？
三、回答否定形式的一般疑问句的注意事项：
Is he not a student? 他不是学生吗？Yes,he is. 不，他是学生。
选择疑问句
Shall we leave at six or'seven?我们是6点动身还是7点动身？
特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等。特殊疑问句有两种语序：
谓语动词+其他成分？如：who is singing in the room? whose bike is broken?
如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？如：what class are you in?
注意：1．回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：Who is from Canada? --Helen (is).
反意疑问句
1）陈述部分的主语是“I”，疑问部分要用aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister.aren't I?
2）陈述部分的谓语是“wish”，疑问部分要用“may”+主语。
I wish to have a word with you,may I?
3）陈述部分用no、nothing、nobody、never、few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little
等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例：TheSwedemade no answer,did he / she?
4）含有“ought to”的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do,oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5）陈述部分有“have to”+v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用“don't”+主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow,don't we?
6）陈述部分的谓语是“used to”时，疑问部分用“didn't”+主语或“usedn't”+主语。
He used to take pictures there,didn't he? / usedn't he?
7）陈述部分有“had better”+ v. 疑问句部分用“hadn't you”。
You'd better read it by yourself,hadn't you?
8）陈述部分有“would rather”+v.，疑问部分多用“wouldn't”+主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldn't he?
9）陈述部分有“You'd like to”+v. 疑问部分用“wouldn't”+主语。
You'd like to go with me,wouldn't you?
10）陈述部分有“must”的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor,isn't he?
11）感叹句中，疑问部分用“be”+主语。What colours,aren't they?
12）陈述部分由“neither… nor”，“either… or ”连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?
13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用“it”。Everything is ready,isn't it?
14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times,he should have been in China now,shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk,is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright,is he? We believe she can do it better,can't she?
15）陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常用复数“they”，有时也用单数“he”。Everyone knows the answer,don't they?（does he?）Nobody knows about it,do they?（does he?）
16）带情态动词“dare”或“need”的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用“need”（dare）+主语。
We need not do it again,need we? He dare not say so,dare you?
当“dare”、“need”为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词“do”+ 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone,does she?
17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用“will you”。Don't do that again,will you? Go with me,will you / won't you? 注意：“Let's”开头的祈使句，后用“shall we”。
“Let us”开头的祈使句，后用“will you”。Let's go and listen to the music,shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?
18）陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用“there”省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch,isn't there? There will not be any trouble,will there?
19）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible,isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?
20）“must”在表“推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now,isn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow,won't it ?
3.感叹句：
一、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。1.①What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！②What+名词词组+主语+谓语！如: What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!如: What kind women they are!
二、由How引导的感叹句。（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）
1.How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
如: How hard the workers are working! How quickly the boy is writing!
2. How+主语+谓语！如：How time flies! 时光飞逝!
注意：1. 当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
如: How fast the runner runs!
2. how与what引导的感叹句中的第一种格式(单数名词)一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is!
What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is!
3. 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）
但在口语中，还有一些特殊的感叹句表达形式。
1．以副词here, there, in开头的感叹句。Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！2．以疑问词who开头，表示惊奇。Who else will read such a book! 谁还会读这样的书！3．以情态动词may开头，表示愿望。May you succeed! 祝你成功！
4．否定疑问句用作感叹句时，它的意义是肯定的；但肯定疑问句用作感叹句在美国英语中比较常见。Aren?t they sweet! 他们多可爱啊！I am hungry! 我饿极了！
5．一些短语用作感叹句。Dear me! 哎呀！My goodness! 嗳呀！
6．一些作表语的成分用作感叹句。Just my luck! 又倒霉了！Sorry, my mistake!
7.以从句表示的感叹句。例如：As if were my fault!好像是我的错似的！
To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof!
真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里！
3. 祈使句：祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事。
谓语、动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。
祈使句的组成：①：动词原形+其他②：Please+动词原形+其他③：don…t+动词原形
Stand up, please. 请起立。Don?t worry. 别担心。
简单句&并列句&复合句
总结：
一、引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
2、直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。
3、若直接引语中含有could,must,should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。
4、直接引语变为间接引语时，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态往前推一个，一般过去式->过去完成时，一般将来时->过去将来时，现在进行时->过去进行时，现在完成时->过去完成时，过去完成时和过去进行时不变，can->could,祈使句->不定式等
5、如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
6、直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。如:now->then,today->that day, yesterday->the day before等定语从句和同位语从句引导词总结：1.引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。
2.引导词when，where，why引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
修饰名词的次序：限定词+数词+描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色，）+出处+材料性质+类别+名词。县（限定词）官（观点形容词）行（形状形容词）大（大小形容词）令（年龄新旧形容词）射（颜色形容词）国（国家等出处形容词）才（材料质地等形容词）。
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
名词性从句---主语从句 1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一．从属连词：that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I.主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager. 4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. = It depends on its author how the book will sell. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class. 用it作形式主语的几种常见结构： (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It ap pears that… 似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
从句小结 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句： He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句： Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句： He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
同位语从句 ◆◆◆辨认同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 ◆◆◆同位语从句用法 一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 ①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。） I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 ②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形；should可省） There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 ③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） 1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
同位语从句。 一. 同位语从句定义。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词/先行词后面，用以说明该名词/先行词表示的具体内容。 二. 同位语从句的名词/先行词。 1．可以跟同位语从句的名词/先行词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。 例：I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 例：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 3．有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词/先行词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 三. 同位语从句的引导词。 1.连词that引导，引导同位语从句的that不能省略，which不能引导同位语从句。 例：The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 2. 连词whether引导，if不能引导同位语从句。 例：The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 3.其它引导词引导，连接代词what,who,whom,whose，引导同位语从句。 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. 问题谁来接替他的位置还不是很明朗。 4. 连接副词when,where,how,why 引导。 例：We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1. 意义的不同。 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句） We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句） 2.引导词的不同。 what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。Which可引导定语从句但不引导同位语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别。
同位语从句 一．同位语 同位语：跟在名词或代词后，与之表达同一内容；通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 （A=B：两项所指相同） e.g 我知道奥巴马，美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. （Obama与the president of US同一个人）我们应该从过去当中学习，它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二．同位语从句 1.（1）概念：由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实，奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. （2）与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词： fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义，如question, doubt) 2. 构成： （------先造3个简单的句子，He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?（一般疑问句）Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关，连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式； （I know the fact he is a student. ） （1）如果从句是陈述句，连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息，他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息，我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． 他什么都没说，这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论：that在从句中不做成分，并且没有含义 （2）如果从句是一般疑问句，连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序
同位语从句专项训练 一．判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。 1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. The news that you told us is really encouraging. 2.The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 3.The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody． The fact that we talked about is very important． 4.Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 二．请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。 1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon. 2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true. 3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week. 4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once. 7. I have no idea __________ he will be back． 8. He must answer the question ___________ he agrees to it or not. 9.Several years later,word came __________ Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 10. I have no impression __________ he went home, perhaps by bike. 三. 改错题。(每句都有一个错误) 1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy. 2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not. 4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday. 5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right. 6. The fact why she works hard is well known to us all.
主语从句与宾语从句 一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。 主从：一个句子充当大句子的主语，就叫主语从句。例如； What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语) It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.（It是形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。） 主语从句的位置有两种，一种是放于句首；一种是用It 作形式主语，从句被放后面。 二、宾语从句：一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。 He asked me how old I was . She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.（It 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。） 考点一：语序 What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。 I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。 名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。 删除疑问语序（be /助动词、情态动词+主语） 考点二：引导词 That（没成分） That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语，that不能丢。) Whether /if （有时互换，主语从句只能用wheather引导，不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。） Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather . 疑问代词：what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分 What he has is just money.（在从句中有成分作宾语） 疑问副词：where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分 Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet. That：引导名词性从句时无成分，无词义，有时可以省略。 Whether /if引导名词性从句时无成分，是否。 特殊疑问代词：主，宾，表，定。 疑问副词：状。 考点三：no matter+疑问词（what）VS疑问词（what）+ever Whatever he says must be put down . No matter what he says/Whatever he says,I will not change my mind. 意思相同，但语法不一样。第一句主从，第二句让步状语从句。以ever开头的引导主从或者状语从句，而以no matter 开头的不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句，所以选ever 就一定对。 考点四：建议、命令、要求类+宾从 The doctor suggested that an operation (should)be done immediately on the patient. 初中讲过当主句是一般过去时态的宾语从句：主过去，从句也过去。当主句的动词是建议、命令、要求类的动词时，后面的宾从必须是should+动词原形且should可以省略。此时不管。主语是谁，不管主句是什么时态都不能改变动词是原形的要求.once表示建议、命令、要求类的动词suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist,request,ask,command,order后面如果后
英语同位语从句用法详解 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message 等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如： Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。 Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。 三、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：
主语从句 导入：观察并指出句子成分 A treehas fallenacrossthe road. Youarea student. To find your waycan bea problem. Smokingisbadfor you. 一．概念： 主语：主语是指句子谈论的主题，说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体，一般位于句首 主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句 二·基本结构 关系词简单句谓语动词宾语同位语 Thathe finished writing the composition in such a short timesurprisedusall. 他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶 三关系词(引导词) 1．从属连词：that whether that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain. 注意：有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”, 常用it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。E.g That she has made such a mistake is a pity. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. +从句 It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important tha t …. 重要的是… It is obvious that…… 很明显…… 2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that... 似乎…… It happened that... 碰巧…… It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起…… 3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... 据说……
语法：同位语从句讲解及练习 用适当的连接词填空： 1.It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray. 2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials. 3.____the doctor really doubts is ____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4.It is hoped ____ nature will never be destroyed. 5.___do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -- Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7. Word came ____I was wanted at the office. 8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong. 10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants. 单项选择 1.It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what 2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3.--What are you anxious about? -- ____
高中语法—主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句 讲解 ●主语从句 一．定义：在句中起主语作用的从句 二．语序—陈述句语序 When will he come is not known. × →When he will come is not known Whether can animals be well protected is of great importance.× →Whether animals can be well protected is of great importance. →陈述句语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 三．连接词 1.从属连词：that/whether ①that：没有意义，不作成分，不可省略---That everyone likes Doraemon is amazing. (that=口袋→把句子装起来）@3.10,25,28,30 ②whether“是否”不可省略,不可用if代替---Whether they would support us was a problem. （if“如果”有歧义）@4.5 ,31 2.连接代词 ①who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever ②特定意义，不可省略 ③在主语从句中做成分 What we need is water.---作宾语@29 Who will go makes no difference.---作主语@12，14,17,19，#4,12 Who he is remains uncertain.---作表语 Whose shirt it is remains unknown. ---作定语#16 →连接代词在宾语从句中作宾语，主语，表语，定语 *Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. ---无论是谁@18 *Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. ---无论什么@2 3.连接副词 ①when,why,how,where ②特定意义，不可省略 ③作状语，表示时间，地点，原因，方式 When he will be back depends on the weather.---时间状语 Where the test will be given is not yet decided.---地点状语#14 Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.---原因状语#13 How this happened is not clear to anyone. ---方式状语 四．时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制 五．It作形式主语 1.结构it is...that...（无意义，不做成分） ①It is certain that she will do well in her exam. →It is+a.+that... ②It’s a pity that we can’t go.→It is+n.词组+that...(no wander难怪，an honor荣耀）@1，16,20 ③It is said that Tiny Times is a good movie
同位语从句讲义 1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 W e haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。 在从句中不充当句子成分。 不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作 动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 同位语从句 是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。 详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定" 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。