新航道新托福阅读听课笔记：举例说明概述题
一、问题形式
举例说明概述题，也叫例证题，被ETS称为“修辞目的题”(rhetorical purpose question)，基本形式如下：
The author uses X as an example of…
Why does the author mention X?
The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to…
二、解题技巧
举例的目的在于反映概述，所以这类题的一般解题技巧是：绕过例子看概述，对概述进行同义替换的就是正确答案。具体技巧如下：
1.例子说明概述
举例说明概述题经常对应原文的举例for example。做题时可以先根据问题中的关键词确定例子的位置，再阅读例子前的那个句子，这个句子一般就是例子所说明的概述，也就是答案对应的地方。例如，
…sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg…”
Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance ?
·To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that a fine artist must overcome
·To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics
·To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics
·To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology 根据问题中的关键词bronze statues of horses定位段末，这里有标志词for example，
说明它是对前面所说的内容进行例证。前一句These are problems that must be overcome by the artist…就是概述：艺术家必须克服这些问题，因为这些问题破坏他们对艺术作品的构思。这里所说的问题就是上文谈论的物理规律对美术的限制，如必须考虑制作材料的物理特性。而本题对应的原文以例子说明这一点：由于铜的特性，马抬起的前腿下必须有支撑物。综上所述，例子说明它前面的概述，第一个选项符合此意，为正确答案。
又如，
One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings—for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa—are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.
Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?
To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces
To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations
与上一题类似，本题的例子Bushmen in South Africa在原文也有标志词for example，因此这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话，即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点：Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外，而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见，Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意，为正确答案。
2.例子与概述合二为一
有时例子与概述合二为一，它们分别出现于从句和主句中，或者出现于同一个分句中。例如，
Scholars offer three related but different opinions about the mysterious origin and significance of these paintings. One opinion is that the paintings were a record of seasonal migrations made by herds. Because some paintings were made directly over others, obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it pictured. Unfortunately, this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations, unless the migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies.
Why does the author mention secret ceremonies?
To present a common opinion held by many scholars
To suggest a similarity between two opinions held by scholars
To suggest a possible explanation for a weakness in an opinion expressed in the passage
To give evidence that contradicts a major opinion expressed in the passage 问题中的关键词secret ceremonies出现于段落末句的从句中：unless the migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies。在同一句子的主句部分，作者指出：不幸的是，这一解释未能说明为何绘画的位置要隐蔽…，这等于说这一解释不能成立；接着在问题所对应的从句中补充说明上述解释成立所必须满足的条件：除非迁徙的庆祝是秘密进行的。这等于说这一解释缺乏这一条件。第三个选项符合此意，为正确答案。
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对于目标明确，清晰认识自己薄弱的考生一定很想知道托福阅读summary题型该怎么解。接下来上海环球托福为考生解答。 首先，做阅读就要了解掌握文章的主旨是什么，新托福阅读SUMMARY题作为文章最后一种题型，考察的是对文章主要段落的主旨概括能力，而非全篇文章主旨。直白一点说，就是只需要关注文章局部段落，而不需要在意全局。这不同于老托福阅读里面每篇文章都有一道“What is the passage mainly about”这样的全文主旨题。 接着，考生要如何掌握主旨，来完成summary的题目。阅读英语段落的时候，应该是“匀速阅读”还是“变速阅读”呢？当然是“变速阅读”！这样考生才能做到阅读时的详略得当。但是，“变速阅读”是“先快后慢”还是“先慢后快”呢？这就要从英语的思维方式说起。 汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，我们称之为“Save the best for the last”。而英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，我们称之为“Say what you want to say, then say why”。阅读英语段落的要领：变速阅读，先慢后快，精读首句，浏览全段。据统计，70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句。所以，以后阅读英语段落，应该先精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”），再浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），才能实现快速阅读。而很多同学以前阅读的时候，要么就是倾向于到段落结尾找主题句（这主要是受了汉语思维方式的影响），要么就干脆把有限的精力平均分配到一段话内部的每个单词。 说了那么多，上海环球托福为你提出掌握主旨的方法： 1、常用法——分析段落结构找主题句 通过段落结构来概括主旨，常见的段落结构有如下六大类：（1）总分；（2）总分总（由总分演变而成）；（3）分总；（4）分总分（由分总演变而成）；（5）对比；（6）并列。其中，前四种段落结构都存在主题句和支持句之分。而后两种结构中可能不存在主题句，其段落内部会分成若干个势均力敌的部分，只不过对比结构段落的两部分之间方向相反，而并列结构段落的各部分之间方向相同。一、总分结构 总分结构的主题句一般为首句（如果首句结束后，第二句话存在转折关系，那么主题句就是第二句）。最常见的总分段落的标志就是第二句话前面出现“for example/instance”等举例关系词。如果总分结构段落最后再加一个总结句，就是总分总结构。这种段落结构约占70%。这个方法最大好处是大部分段落都存在主题句，所以能够广泛应用该方法概括段落主旨。这就是“常用法”的由来。但是，该方法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。 2、简易法——重复出现是主旨 之所以有第二个方法是因为第一个方法有缺点，常用法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。如果一段话在不断重复某一概念，就说明这段话在围绕这个概念展开，这个概念就是这段话的主旨。这就为我们快速把握主旨提供了极大的方便。因此，这种方法称为“简易法”。 在一段话内部重复出现可以分为三种类型。第一种是“原词”重复，但是这也是作者极力避
托福阅读错题总结： 改变计划——从第一套开始做！ TPO24：细节题做完之后，通读文章，了解全文的结构和主要内容层次 一、Lake Water 2、词汇题gains：这里是增量的概念所以应该是increase，而不是存量的概念savings 8、比较细节题：弄清A比B还是B比A，Lake Erie体积小，选择表述相反但正确。 11、解释现象题：定位前后句，前面一句是：Climatic change影响很大，后面一句是： Theslowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences，由further可以推知Theslowing down of water renewal也是前面现象的原因 14、概括多选题：太细节的不选，没有提到的不选，选项一般是文章几个层次的内容。 同一部分的内容不可能选两个答案。 二、Breathing During Sleep 7、注意题目中的限定during NREM，和文章中的比较转折（往后看） 13、归类题：要理解文章的主要内容，对各部分的内容都要熟悉 三、Moving into Pueblos 1、词汇题：traumatic，外力的，受迫的 3、理解推断题：要理解原文想要表达的意思，原来更加自由 5、细节题：定位对应段的内容，同义句的替换 14、概括多选题：表述过于绝对的选项是不正确的 TPO23：定位，理解，替换（分析定位句，转换含义），不要多想（文中没提到的绝对不选） 一、Urban Climates 11、词汇题：modified（改进的——changed）中性的改变，increased修饰不合理。 定位原句：Wind movements are also modified in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds。 13、插入句子题：Another possibility is for the heat island to be stretched along the course of major rivers, since large waterways typically have a warming effect on the air directly above them. 原文环境：■The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors.■For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. ■When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃warmer than the side streets. ■ 通过标红的词，以及并列的语义：许多原因，例如XX，另一个XX，判断插入第三处。 14、多选题：分析文章的主要内容：城市热的一个现象——这个热是怎么造成的——形 成热岛效应及其特征——城市表面空气造成的其他现象 此题中其他三个选项都是文中没有提到的！ 二、Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture 2、句子同意转述题：Importing the grain, （which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves）, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods. 主干：Importing the grainkept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.虽然由and 连接，但其实是因果关系句！ Thus 一词体现出了因果关系！B. Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a demand for other food products and consumer
新托福阅读主旨题是新托福阅读的一大难点，难就难在这种题目是多项选择且耗时较多。很多人做到这最后一道题时还要返回去看一遍全文，还没看完文章，页面已经变成了“时间到”的提示，托福的第一项便这样在慌乱中草草收场，以至于对后面的考试产生不利影响。 编者认为托福阅读主旨题的解法应该分为两步： 第一步：通读拉构架; 第二步：由4个判断选项标准解题。 一、如何以最快的速度拉出文章构架：即要在做所有题目之前快速跳读一遍文章。 通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首末句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。 读首末句的原因大家都很理解，为什么要读转折句呢?你看，一般首句说了什么，后面没有明显转折的话，通常就是两种情况：要么解释一下第一句的意思，要么就是顺着第一句往下说，最后再总结一下。这两种情况都是只读首末句就可以概括出段落大意。 可是如果中间出现了转折句，那么转折句后面的部分很可能和第一句说的不是一回事儿了，转折句就把文章一段分成了前后两层，转折句本身呢，通常就是第二层的首句了，也就是第二层意思的概括。 读每段的首末句和转折句的时候要做一下笔记，把每段的主旨意思用短句或关键词的形式记在草稿纸上。 记录是非常重要的!!!这样看似浪费时间，其实是节省时间的关键。因为只有做了笔记才能节省做题的时候回去看文章的时间，那时候回去找文章是十分痛苦的，尤其是人家让找的又是主要内容，这种东西又是没法定位的，要读的内容太多，一下子就慌了。 补充说明一下：只读首句末句和转折句，在大多数的情况下是可以找到段落主旨的。不排除一些特殊情况下此种方法不可行，但是首先托福阅读选的文章是很规整的，通常是大学课本里的文章，这些文章的逻辑性很强，结构严谨，所以用这种办法可行度很高。 对于一些更加繁琐的快速阅读的规则，其实很不实用，规则一多就记不住，平时都记不住考场上更用不上，而且那样很耗时间，要判断哪句该读哪句不该读，有这时间直接都读一遍算了。 二、判断选项的四个标准： 一对三错——段意对，细节错，与文意相反错，编造文中没有出现的东西错。下面一一解释： 1)段意对：
老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to
2019年雅思阅读模拟试题：流程图题(2) The Search for the Anti-aging Pill In government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the way As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging - the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie*yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too. Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less? Could such a 'caloric-restriction mimetic', as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? Scientists first posed this question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction's benefits. No compound that would safely achieve
很多考生由于没有掌握一个比较巧的做题方法，使得这个题型略显有难度。通常，大家在处理这种题型的时候，会采取定位----翻译题干----翻译原文这样的方法，这种方法不能说不对，但不是最省力的。 我们都知道，在处理细节题的时候，定位词是我们必须掌握的东西。所以，我们在做判断题的时候所谓“两点法”的第一个点就是我们的定位点，而第二个点就是考点。 在做判断题的时候，大多数同学会在定位好之后去翻译题干，然后再翻译一次原文，把两者对比。但实际上，经过对剑桥雅思里面所有判断题的分析，我们可以发现任何一道判断题所谓的对错，对也对在一个点，错也错在一个点，而不会是在几个地方都出现错误。所以，我们只要在做判断题的时候找到这个用来判断对错的关键点，其他的地方就无需再读了。也就是说，我们只要抓到定位点和考点这两个点，“两点就可以确定一条直线”。 在判断题中涉及到的考点共有六种类型，我以剑桥雅思的几道题为例，简单谈谈这六种考点。 1.是非考点 通常是题干的谓语或表语，这种考点占到判断题数量的一半以上。 例：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves。 定位词是The parents of athletes，考点词是successful athletes，在题干中作表语。 2.绝对考点 在判断题题干中，经常出现almost，only，never等表示绝对意义的副词。 例：Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary。 考点在Not all这个词上。 3.比较考点 当题干中出现比较关系的时候，比较的双方作为定位词，比较关系就是我们的考点。例：Johnson has become more well known since his death。 定位词是since his death，考点就是more well known。 4.因果考点 判断题中的因果关系里，通常结果是定位词，原因是考点。
【实例解析】托福阅读主旨题解题技巧和细节 在托福阅读中，想要快速提升自己的成绩，最为重要的当然就是了解的就是托福阅读的“十大题型”。下面我们就为大家详细分析托福阅读中的一种“主旨题”。托福阅读最后一道大题是六选三，即从六个选项中选取三个，加上给出的句子，合成对全文的概括。正确选项的特征是”the most important ideas in the passage”，是文章的核心信息;错误选项的典型特征是文章细节。 文章题目：MINERALS AND PLANTS 下面分别是没段段首的信息： Paragraph 1 Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. Paragraph 2 Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Paragraph 3 Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. Paragraph 4 While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth. Paragraph 5 Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyper accumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. Paragraph 6 Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals - an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation.
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(一) 托福阅读在备考的过程中，大家可以多找一些真题来进行练习 PASSAGE 1 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff
Time to cool it 1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century， but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it， and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them. 2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by， for example， a person， and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists， however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down. 3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. 4 As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has， nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money， though， may be in cooling computers. 5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law， which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months， is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact， it more than doubles， because besides increasing in number，the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company，Intel， in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second. 6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃， they
托福阅读题型十大技巧锦囊 “得阅读者，得天下。”托福阅读向来是考生提分必争之地，也是中国考生的传统强项。基本考生考前会采取题海战术，将自己武装成十万个我都知道。 于是，你背完了英文化学周期表；你了解了九大行星排列；你知道了最前沿的科技发展和美国经济新政；你是颗移动的the big bang 云硬盘。你只祈祷考前记住所有的这些信息量，考后再统统delete 。 如果考到一个你事先复习过的知识点，你欣喜若狂。 如果考到一个你似曾相识却扫视而过，你追悔莫及。 如果考到一个全新的知识点，恭喜你，你顿时挂机。 事实上，托福阅读的单词量是浩瀚星尘，无论你猜或不猜它都在哪里，不离不弃。所以，TPO 小站为冒星星眼的考生们编织了以下十个托福阅读答题锦囊，当你埋首题海两眼泪茫茫时，不妨看过来。 Reading Skills Top 10 1 Factual Information 2 Vocabulary 3 Negative Factual Information 4 Inference 5 Organization 6 Paraphrasing 7 Purpose 8 Insertion 9 Main Idea 10 Categorizing
十大技巧锦囊? 之一 小单词，大线索 Factual information【事实信息题】 “真相，永远只有一个！”20分钟一篇托福阅读，平均到800字篇幅的文章中去，再排除那些判断全文的主旨题，这是火眼晶晶的节奏啊。 所以事实信息题不是考你细工出慢活的时候，而是靠你抓Key words paraphrasing and location（关键词替换定位）。 如何最有效的锁定答案，这里小站针对事实信息题给出的第一条锦囊——小单词，大线索。 多年来，被应试题海战术训练的极其有素的考生们，早就学会了巧妙抓关键词了，但往往是我认识这个单词，但我还是选错了。就像你参加一个世界咖啡评选比赛，你觉得认为是白咖啡或巴西咖啡吧，但你未必知道土耳其咖啡才是咖啡之王。分析事实信息题的特点是：范围小，正确率极高。 题型表现最多形式是：因果关系和表比较级关系的长难句。 表因果关系的词： Cause：frontality/since/in that/on account of Effect：so that/therefore/as a result/consequently 表比较级的词： unlike…from /prior to/ more than 所以，在获取key words之后，我们要做的才是重点。你有看过柯南在发现一丝线索后就停止推理吗？不，所谓的大线索，就是将关键词放回原句，让案件重现，理顺关键句的因果关系，让正确选项浮出水面。 纸上谈兵终不靠谱，绝知此事要做真题！ 小伙伴们快来小站托福板块，阅读区实践吧。
TOEFL阅读历年考题分类：题型篇（一）(1) 主题型： 题目为每篇阅读理解文章第一道，是所有其它题目的依据，解题技巧： 1．阅读每一段首句相加，概括型主题 2．第一段为主题背景性文章，but，however，转折词后为主题句 3．主题词的反复重现 4．段落句首连词的逻辑走向判断主题 5．Development，why，mechanism，常为主题标识 6．段落首句小词的重要性 普样1 Q1 D The way of life。。。 Q23 A mechanics L1 What Q31 C development 普样2 Q11 B Why L5：factor L10，18：probably Q21 C development Q41 D salinity 在每一段中的复现 普样3 Q11 B human vision 主题词为首句主词 Q22 C making L1：made ；L6：makes；L9：material；L14：tools；普样 4 Q34 B explain L3 two reasons。。。account for L5：the first 95/8 Q31 A The origins of L1：many theories；L10：those who believe； L21：another theory，L25；related theory 95/10 Q14 D The effects 95/10 Q42 A The historical development L6：the ancestry 95/12 Q2 A L1：another 95/12 Q32 C 第一段尾局首句复杂 96/1 Q10 B development 96/1 Q31 C 第一段首句，第二段首句* NA 96/1 Q42 C mechanism * NA 96/1 Q1 D outline 96/1 Q19 C characteristics 96/1 Q41 B ways 96/5 Q13 C the impact of…on… 96/5 Q33 A 主题词重现 96/8 Q22 C the characteristics 96/8 Q33 B development （D the history） 96/8 Q42 B how…changed (why…developed) 96/12 Q1 B difference L3：distinction 首段尾句 97/1 Q29 B L1：a number of adaptations，L2：one，L13：another L16：an equally important adaptation，L24：further ability 【
一、判断正误题，（正确的用字母“A”表示，错误的用字母“B”表示。每小 题1分，共计20分。其他答题形式不得分） （ A ）1. Excel 2000 中的工作簿是工作表的集合。 （ B ）2. 在Windows 的资源管理器中不能查看磁盘的剩余空间。 （ A ）3. 在用Word编辑文本时,若要删除文本区中某段文本的内容,可选取该段文本,再按Delete键。 （ A ）4. Excel是一种表格式数据综合管理与分析系统。 （ B ）5. 在Excel中,图表一旦建立,其标题的字体、字形是不可改变的。（ B ）6. “写字板”中没有插入/改写状态,它只能以插入方式来输入文字。（ B ）7. 在汉字系统中,我国国标汉字一律是按拼音顺序排列的。 （ A ）8. 大小为3．5英寸的软盘，其一个角上设有写保护口。当滑动保护片将其盖住时，软盘就被写保护了。 （ B ）9. (WORD文字处理)WORD进行打印预览时，只能一页一页的看。 （ A ）10. 在Excel 2000 中进行单元格复制时，无论单元格是什么内容，复制出来的内容与原单元格总是完全一致的。 （ B ）11. 若一台微机感染了病毒,只要删除所有带毒文件，就能消除所有病毒.。 （ B ）12. 汇编语言和机器语言都属于低级语言,之所以称为低级语言是因为用它们编写的程序可以被计算机直接识别执行。 （ B ）13. 软盘的读写速度比硬盘快。 （ B ）14. 计算机中的字符，一般采用ASCII码编码方案。若已知“B”的ASCII 码值为42H，则可能推断出“K”的ASCII码值为51H。 （ A ）15. Word的“自动更正”功能仅可替换文字，不可替换图像。 （ A ）16. 高级语言程序有两种工作方式：编译方式和解释方式。 （ A ）17. 在Windows的资源管理器中,利用[文件]菜单中的[重命名]既可以对文件改名, 也可以对子目录改名。 （ A ）18. 文档窗口最大化后将占满整个桌面。 （ A ）19. 同一软盘中不允许出现同名文件。