定语从句
一．定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。
关系词3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
例：I like the book that he bought yesterday. (that 为关系代词) __ ___ _____ _____________________
主语谓语先行词从句
|________________________|
定语从句修饰先行词
二．限定性定语从句
（一）关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略关系词
This is the book (that/which) he bought yesterday. This is the book that/which
cost him 100 yuan.
2. 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing something, few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时
a. Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
b. There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
c. All that can be done has been done.
d. There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2) 当先行词被序数词修饰The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.
4) 当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6) 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
练习（关系词that）
1. We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children. A. where B. which
C. in which
D. at which
2. This is the museum ______ you saw the other day. A. that B. where
C. in which
D. in that
3. They are talking about things and persons ___ they knew when they were young.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
4. This is the man ___ last night. A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which
I saw D. who I saw him
5. This is one of the best books ___.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. that has written
D. that have written
6. Which of the two cows ___ you keep produces more milk? A. that B. which
C. whom
D. what
7. All ___ you have to do is to press the button. A. what B. which C. for that
D. that
8. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in. A. where B. which C. that D. in which
9. They asked him to tell them everything ___ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where
10. He often wrote to the writers ____ would help him to become a writer, too.
A. whom
B. who
C. when
D. which
11. This is the only work ____ at the moment.
A. which I can do
B. that I can do it
C. I can do
D. what I can do
12. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all
