一、一般现在时
用法：
1. 经常性动作等。常与everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。
She always goes to school by bus.
2. 真理和事实。
Light travels faster than sound.
3.在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
When I grow up，I will be a soldier.（主将从现）
4.动作正在发生，用在由here, there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。
There goes the bell.
5.表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。
He studies very hard.
6.一般的说明文字等。
The book says that women can live longer than men
二、一般过去时态
用法：
1.表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。（或有上下文语境暗示）
She went out just now.
I saw him yesterday.
2.表示过去经常发生的动作。
Last month she worked eleven hours every day.
He used to get up early.
3.表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it.
注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：
prefer→preferred, fix→fixed, mix→mixed
练习：
(1)---I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.
---I suppose you ＿too fast.
A. drive
B. are driving
C. drove
D. were driving
(2) In the 49th World Table Tennis Championship, Wang Liqin ＿
Ma Lin and ＿the champion of the Men’s Singles.
A. beat, beat
B. won, won
C. beat, won
D. won, beat
(3) ---When ＿your brother ＿back?
---About half an hour ago.
A. did, come
B. had, come
C. do, come
D. have, come
(4) —Excuse me. You shouldn’t smoke here. Look at the sign
“NO SMOKING HERE.”
---Sorry, I ＿it.
A. doesn’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. didn’t see
D. hadn’t seen
三、一般将来时
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
He will visit shanghai next week.
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
My uncle is coming form America.
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
* be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
* be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
* be about to do sth.表示―即可，就要‖，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
注意：在下面几种情况下只可用will (shall)表示将来，而不可用be going to 结构。
表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。eg: Will you please lend me your bike?
(2) 表示意愿时
eg: We will help him if he asks us.
(3)表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
eg: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning
四过去将来时
1.构成：(1) was/were going to ＋be/do (2) will ＋be/do
2.用法：
(1) 表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由“would ＋动词原形”引导。
eg : 1) He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.
2) He asked when the meeting would end.
(2) 表示曾经打算或准备要做的事，用“was/were ＋动词原形”引导。
eg: 1) I thought it was going to rain soon.
2) They were going to start a new job when I saw them then.
(3) go, come, leave, arrive, start 等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。
练习：(1)--The TV show Home With Kids is so wonderful .You shouldn’t miss it.
--If I have time, I ＿it.
A. see
B. saw
C. will see
D. have seen
五、现在进行时
用法：
（1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
eg: --What are you doing?
--I’m reading English.
(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
eg: 1)They are studying hard this term.
2) W e arte picking apples on a farm these days.
(3) go, leave, arrive, start, visit，move 等动词用现在进行时表示将来.
eg: 1)I’m going to Beijing this Sunday.
2)The bus is coming soon.
(4) 当时间状语为now, these days等时或当句子中含有look, listen, can ,you see, can’t you see之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意
下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。
a. 表示感觉的动词。如：see, hear等
b. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如：like, love等
c. 表示希望的动词。如：want, would like等
d. 表示状态的动词。如：be等
e. 表示归属的动词。如：have等
f. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如：know, think, forget 等
练习：
(1) Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma ＿now.
A. is sleeping
B. will sleep
C. slept
D. sleeps
(2) Listen. They ＿with Mr Wang in the room.
A. chatting
B. are chatting
C. were chatting
D. will chat
(3) --Jim, please help me take out of the trash.
--OK, mom. I ＿.
A. will come
B. am coming
C. shall come
D. would come
(4) He with us ＿to Hawaii for summer vacation.
A. are going to
B. is going to go
C. is going to
D. are going to go
六、过去进行时
1.构成：was/were ＋v-ing
2.用法：
（1）表示过去某一时刻某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday 等连用,或用另一类动作表示过去的时间。
eg: 1)—What were you doing at nine last night?
--I was watching TV at that time.
2) He was reading when I came in.
3) I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.
(2)过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。
eg: Alice was always changing her mind.
(3)注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用：
1）主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时（从句用一般过去时）。
eg: When the UFO arrived, I was watching TV.
2）从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时（主句用一般过去时）。
eg: While I was walking in the street, the accident happened.
3) 若主、从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使
过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while引导。
eg: I was doing my homework while my parents were doing the chores.
注意：在上述情况下，若动词为表示状态的延续性动词，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。
eg: Luckily, when I went to see him, he was at home.
3.练习：
（1）James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ______until yesterday.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. was coming
D. comes
(2) I saw Lisa in the street yesterday, but she didn’t see me. She ＿the other day.
A. was shopping
B. am shopping
C. have shopped
* 现在进行时和过去进行时比较
1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______.
A. just help out; comes
B. have just helped out; will come
C. am just helping out; comes
D. will just help out; has come
2. --- When shall we leave?
--- As soon as I ______ what I _______.
A. will finish; do
B. have finished, am doing
C. finish, will do
D. finish, do
3. At that time he _____ in the library.
A. worked
B. had worked
C. was working
D. would work
4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office.
A. were working; had left
B. worked; left
C. had worked; left
D. were working; would leave
5. --- Hey, look where you are going!
--- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.
A. I’m not noticing.
B. I wasn’t noticing.
C. I haven’t noticed.
D. I don’t notice.
E. I didn’t notice.
F. I won’t notice
*一般过去时和过去进行时比较
1. He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he
______ it.
A. wrote; has finished
B. was writing; has finished
C. was writing; had finished
D. wrote; will finish
2. Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________.
A. slipped; was noticing
B. had slipped; noticed
C. slipped; had noticed
D. was slipping; noticed
3. As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
4. The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking
B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked
D. saw; was picking
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. Who _________(give)the concert tomorrow?
2._________ I ________(say ) it again?
3. My parents ___________(give) me a computer for my next birthday.
4. We __________(go) to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
5. There __________(be) an English party tomorrow evening.
6.—Larry, what are you going to be when you _________(grow) up? --I ________(be) a professional basketball player.
II.单项选择
1.---Will you please stay here for the picnic?
--Sorry, I _______. I’ll have to go to practice the piano.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. won’t
D. can’t
2. He says he ________us around his factory in a week.
A. shows
B. is showing
C. will shows
D. will show
3. Either we or Andy _________ the animals this weekend.
A. is going to feed
B. are going to feed
C. is feeding
D. are feeding
4. I hope your dream ________ one day.
A. comes true
B. come true
C. will come true
D. will true
5. ________ I return the book to the library soon?
A. Will
B. Do
C. Am
D. Shall
6. If it _______, our family ________ boating tomorrow.
A. don’t rain, will go
B. isn’t rain, is going to go
C. doesn’t rain, will go
D. doesn’t rain, shall go
7. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have
B. is going to be
C. has
D. is going to have
七、现在完成时
1.结构：(1)be: have/has been
(2)do: have/has done
2.用法：
（1）结果：表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响后结果。
eg:1)—Have you had your lunch yet?
--Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.
2) I have lost my pen.
3) I have already watched the TV play.
4) —Have you found your lost pen?
--No, I haven’t found it yet.
注意：already, yet常和现在完成时连用。
1）already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前也可放在句末。
2）yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”，用于否定句，表“还”，常放在
句末。
(2)持续：表示动作或状态已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。
eg: 1)We have lived here since 2000.
2) I have learnt English for three years.
(3)经验：表示从过去到现在曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发
生多次，常和never, ever, once, twice, before等连用。
eg: 1)I have never been to Egypt before.
2) It has snowed twice here.
非延续性动词的现在完成时常用下列结构表示：
主语＋have/has been ＋adj./n./prep-phrase
eg: 1)He has been dead for two years.
2) He has been a party member for a year.
3) I have been in this school for half a year.
(4)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法：
①just“刚刚”，表示动作刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
eg: He has just come back from Beijing.
②ever“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词与过去分词之间。
eg: Have you ever been to Shanghai?
③never“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
eg: I have never travelled by plane before.
④before“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总放在句末不受句型的限制。
eg: I haven’t heard of it before.
⑤for ＋时间段, since ＋时间点应特别注意：谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
如：我离开这所学校已八年了。
误：I’ve left this school for eight years.
正：I’ve been away this school for eight years.
（5）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
①非延续性动词不可与表示一段的时间状语连用。
eg: The poor old man has died. (T)
The poor old man has died for three years. (F)
The poor old man has been dead for three years.
但在否定句中，可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。
eg: He hasn’t come here for several days.
②非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用可采用下述三种方法：
1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：
come→be here, go→be there, die→be dead,
borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be in/be a …
member, leave→be away, begin to study→study,
finish→be over, get up→be up, put on→wear,
catch a cold→have a cold, wake up→be awake,
fall asleep→be asleep, arrive/get→be,
lose→not have, leave→be away from
2)将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
eg: He has been in the army for three years.
→He joined the army three years ago.
3)用句型“It is＋一段时间＋since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示
eg: The old man has been dead for two years.
→It is two years since the old man died
练习：
1. I________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed
B. have borrowed
C. kept
D. have kept
2.—Why not go to see the flower show with us?
--I ________ it.
A. saw
B. had seen
C. see
D. have seen
3.—I ________so busily recently that I _______ no time to help you with your math.
--That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A. have been working, have
B. have worked, had
C. am working, will have
D. had been working, had had
4.—I ________ women new CDs.
--When _______ you _______ them?
--Yesterday morning.
A. buy, did, buy
B. buy, do, buy
C. have bought, did, buy
D. have bought, did, buy
5. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _______ in a radio factory at that time.
A. had worked
B. has worked
C. was working
D. has been working
6. — Have you finished the report?
--NO. I _______ it all this week.
A. will do
B. had done
C. have done
D. have been doing
八、过去完成时
1.构成：(1)be: had been
(2)do: had done
2.用法：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去的某一动作之前，已经发生了另外一个动作。
3.时间状语：by last week, by the end of last year, when I got there等eg: 1)The movie had been on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.
2) She had left by the time I arrived.
3) He had lived in Shanghai before he came here.
4) I had learned about 2,000 words by the end of last term.
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put
B. have; put; put
C. did; put; have put
D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you
B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are
D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we
_____ expected to.
A. finished; were
B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were
D. had finished; were
5. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I
________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten 一般过去时和过去进行时
1. He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he
______ it.
A. wrote; has finished
B. was writing; has finished
C. was writing; had finished
D. wrote; will finish
2. Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________.
A. slipped; was noticing
B. had slipped; noticed
C. slipped; had noticed
D. was slipping; noticed
3. As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
4. The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking
B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked
D. saw; was picking
（六）过去完成时与一般现在时比较练习
I．单项选择
1. Li Mei is only a ten-year-old girl, but she _______to draw for about five years.
A. learns
B. learned
C. would learn
D. has learned
2. There ______ a lot of rain again last week. We ______ too much rain this month.
A. was; had
B. was; have had
C. has been; has had
D. has been; had
3. --_______you ______ Kate’s brother ? I _______ something to tell him.
--I’m afraid I _______.
A. Have; seen; have got; haven’t
B. Did; see; have; don’t
C. Have; seen; had; haven’t
D. Did; see; have got; haven’t
4. My family _______ supper when suddenly I _______ a heavy knock on the door.
A. are having; heard
B. were having; have heard
C. were having; heard
D. have had; was hearing
5. Jim no longer studies here. He _______ to London with his parents.
They _______ almost a week ago.
A. is going to left
B. was going; left
C. has gone; has left
D. has gone; left
6. Our manger _______ to America twice before and now he _______ there again.
A. has gone; has been
B. has been; has gone
C. has gone; went
D. went; has been
7. Mr Liu _______ for Xi’an on Saturday. He _______ in that city for about five days.
A. left; has been
B. has left; has been
C. was leaving; was
D. left; was
8. Granny Liu ____down among the children and _____to tell them
the story of her life.
A. has sat; began
B. sat; has begun
C. sat; began
D. has sat; has begun
9. –I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.
--Oh, it doesn’t matter. I _____ here only a few minutes.
A. was
B. have been
C. will be
D. came
10. Alice _______ to Australia with her father a year ago. She
______in a school near her home already.
A. came; has been
B. came; was
C. has come; was
D. has come; has been
11. I have ______ finished my home work. Have you finished
yours_______.
A. already; already
B. already; yet
C. yet; yet
D. yet; already
12. I have _______come back from abroad. I came here _______.
A. just; just
B. just now; just now
C. just; just now
D. just now; just
13. –I haven’t told that to anyone _______, have I ?
-- You’ve seemed to tell that to Li Lei a few days_______.
A. before; ago
B. before; before
C. ago; ago
D. ago; before
14.—Has your mother ______ been to London _______?
--No, _______. But my father has _______been there.
A. just; yet; never; ever
B. ever; before; not; already
C. ever; already; never; just
D. ever; before; never; just
15. I have _______ heard of such a strange thing________.
A. just; already
B. never; before
C. never; yet
D. ever; just now
16. Ann has been in Australia ________ six months. Her parents
haven’t heard from her ______ half a year _______.
A. for; since; ago
B. for; since; before
C. in; for; ago;
D. for; since; before
17. Mr Black _______ to the city hospital. He ______ a bad cold. He
_______ only a minute ago.
A. has gone; has got; left
B. has been; has got; left
C. has gone; had; left
D. has gone; has got; has left
II.用所给词的适当形式填空
18. Tom ________(see) this film. He _______(see) it last Saturday.
19. She _________(have) her supper. She __________(have) it with
me in my house.
20. --_________you _________(be) to New York?
--No, I ________(have), but my father ________(be) there twice.
21. Oh, we _________(not meet) each other for a long time. I
last________(see) you in London, didn’t I ?
22. Jack ________(leave) home in 1998. He _______(be) away from
his home for almost six years.
23. –Where is Liu Ping?
--She _______(go) shopping.
--When _______she ________(go)?
--She _________(go) a few minutes ago.
24. Mr Wang ________(come) to this school in September. And he
_______(be) at this school since then.
25. My father isn’t at home. He ________(go) to Beijing. He
________(go) there on Monday. And he _______(be) in Beijing
for three days already.
26. --_______ you________(read) these book before?
--Yes, I ______. I _______ (read) It about two years ago.
27. I ___________(not return) to my hometown so far. I think it
________(change) a lot in the last 20 years.
III.同义句转换
28. Lucy borrowed the book a week ago.
Lucy ________ _________ the book _______ a week.
29. Mr Andrew began to teach English twenty years ago.
Mr Andrew has ________ an _______ ________ for twenty years. 30. The Smiths have moved to London for almost ten months.
_________ __________ almost ten months since the Smiths
_______ to London.
31. My brother joined the army a few weeks ago.
My brother _______ ________ _______ soldier ________ a few weeks.
32. Liu Hua joined our club in 2003.
Li Hua ________ _________ _______our club ________2003. 33. Mr Smith came to this school in September.
Mr Smith ________ ________ at this school _________ September.
34. I bought this new dictionary over two weeks ago.
I _______ ________ this new dictionary ________ over two weeks.
35. How long have you worked in this factory?
_________ did you ________to work in this factory?
36. Uncle Wang has worked there since it opened in 1989.
Uncle Wang _______ _______ work there in 1989 _______ it opened.
37. Xiao Bing has a high fever for three days.
Xiao Bing ________ to have fever for three days________.
38. Liu Hai’s mother died in 2001.
Liu Hai’s mother _______ _______ ________ ________ 2001. 39. I t’s been almost a year since hes grandpa died .
His grandpa ________ _________ _________ ___________ almost a year.
40. I lost my wallet more than a week ago.
________ ________ more than a week ________ I lost my wallet. 41. We last saw each other half a year ago.
We ________ _______ each other for half a year.
42. Jim bought the new bike two weeks ago.
Jim _______ ________ the new bike for two weeks.
过去将来时
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Professor Nelson wanted to know when the conference
__________(begin)the next day.
2. Mrs Smith asked her son if he ________(go) to London on
business the next month.
八、过去完成时等级测试
1.The class_____ before Tom ______ into the classroom.
A. began; was walking
B. had begun; walked
C. begins; walks
D. was beginning; walked
2. I ______ the dinner already by the time my parents reached home yesterday afternoon.
A. had cooked
B. cooked
C. have cooked
D. was cooking
3. He’s already gone home. But before he ______, he ______all the mistakes in his composition.
A. left; has corrected
B. has left; corrected
C. had left; corrected
D. left; had corrected
4. I _______any of Piccaso’s paintings before I visited the art museum.
A. have never seen
B. had never seen
C. will never see
D. would never see
5. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun ________.
A. has risen
B. rose
C. had risen
D. is rising
6. By seven o’clock yesterday, we _______ at the airport.
A. had arrived
B. have arrived
C. would arrive
D. arrived
7. The soldier_______ after he ______for three days.
A. dead; had been wounded
B. has died; had been wounded
C. had died; was wounded
D. died; had been wounded
8. The students _______busily when Miss Brown went to get a book
which she ______in the office.
A. had written; left
B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left
D. were writing; had left
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/944798357.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等 冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词 形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词 介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 中国亚洲北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 沙糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之，语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句，希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。 如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。 如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。 如:the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数he him his his himself
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing Does he come from Bejing
初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.
III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s
3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.
III. 三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型：主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 （常见的并列连词有and，but，or） 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home，and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。） 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名
初中英语语法大全精华版 1、规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f 和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2、不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
初中英语语法大全汇总 一、词类( Parts of Speech ) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.)表示人或事物的名称 冠词英文名称The Artide( 缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事 物 代词英文名称The Pronoun (缩写为pron)用来代替名词、形容词、数词形容词英文名称The Adjective (缩写为adj. )用来修饰名 词，表示人或事物的特征 数词英文名称The Numeral (缩写为num.)表示数量或是顺序动词英文名称The Verb (缩写为v. )表示动作或状态副词英文名称The Adverb (缩写为adv.)修饰动词、形容词、其他副词介词英文名称The Preposition (缩写为prep. )表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系 连词英文名称The Conjunction (缩写为conj. )用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句 感叹词英文名称The Interjection (缩写为interj. )表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 二、名词( Nouns) 1、名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语, 则必须使用定冠词the 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义) 普通名词：表示某些人、某些事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称：表示单个的人和事物 House 、car 、room、apple 、fun 、picture 2 )集体名称：表示一群人或一些事物的名称 People 、family 、army、government、group 3 )物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形态和大小的个体的物质 Fire 、steel 、air 、water 、milk 4 )抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念 Labour 、health 、life 、friendship 、patience 2、名词按其所表现的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词( Countable Nouns )是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词不 可数名词( Uncountable Nouns ) 不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词抽象名词物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词, 但含义不同glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式 名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nou ns)的部分规则如下： 1) 一般情况下, 在词尾加-s. 2) 以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加-es. 3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es. 4) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的，把-f 或-fe 变成-ves. 注：英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的, 需要一一记忆常见的有： man-men 、woman-wome、nfoot-feet 、tooth-teeth 、mouse- mice、 ox-oxen 、sheep-sheep、dear-dear 、fish-fish 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。 scissors 剪刀goods 货物trousers 裤子clothes 衣 服glasses 玻璃杯 3、名词的所有格：表示所属关系, 相当于物主代词, 在句中作定语、宾语或主语 (1) 表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s (2) 以s 或es 结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加(”) (3) 有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词, 也可在词尾加‘ s (4) 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词, 一般均可用介词of 短语来表示所有关系 ( 5)‘ s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺 ( 6)两人共有某物时, 可以采用 A and B‘ s 的形式 （7）“ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为双重所有格 4、名词的功能名词在句中作主语，宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语，表语以及名词短语作状语 三、代词（Pronoun） 1、代词的分类 英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、 疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等
初一英语全册语法知识点汇总 当我第一遍读一本好书的时候，我仿佛觉得找到了一个朋友;当我再一次读这本书的时候，仿佛又和老朋友重逢。我们要把读书当作一种乐趣，并自觉把读书和学习结合起来，做到博览、精思、熟读，更好地指导自己的学习，让自己不断成长。让我们一起到学习啦一起学习吧! 初一英语语法大全 初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。 下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下， 一、初一英语语法词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper 纸papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作works作品，工厂, glass 玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (I s), Ks (K s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格