Supporting Adaptive Flows in Quality of Service Architecture

征文比赛短文投稿英语作文模板全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Essay Contest Submission TemplateTitle: [Title of Your Essay]Introduction:- Briefly introduce yourself and your background as a writer.- Share why you are interested in participating in this essay contest.- Summarize the main points you will be discussing in your essay.Body:Paragraph 1:- Start with a strong opening sentence to capture the reader's attention.- State the main theme of your essay and provide a thesis statement.- Introduce the first point you will be discussing in support of your thesis.Paragraph 2:- Develop your first point with supporting evidence, examples, and personal experiences.- Connect this point back to your thesis statement to show its relevance to your overall argument.Paragraph 3:- Transition to the second point you will be discussing in support of your thesis.- Present the second point and provide evidence to support your argument.- Use quotes or statistics to strengthen your position.Paragraph 4:- Address any counterarguments or opposing viewpoints to show that you have considered all perspectives.- Refute these arguments with logic and reasoning, while maintaining a respectful tone.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis statement.- Emphasize the significance of your argument and its relevance in the larger context.- End with a powerful closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.Closing:- Thank the judges for considering your submission.- Express your enthusiasm for the opportunity to participate in the contest.- Sign off with your name and contact information for verification.[Your Name][Contact Information]篇2Essay Submission Template for Essay ContestTitle: [Title of Your Essay]Introduction:- Introduction of the topic- Importance of the essay contest- Brief overview of your approachBody:- Argument 1 along with supporting evidence- Argument 2 along with supporting evidence- Argument 3 along with supporting evidenceConclusion:- Restate the importance of the topic- Summarize the key points of your essay- Final thoughts or suggestionsSample Essay:Title: The Impact of Technology on EducationIntroduction:Technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives, including education. With the rise of e-learning platforms and digital classrooms, the way students learn and teachers teach has significantly changed. This essay explores the impact oftechnology on education and the implications it has for the future of learning.Body:One of the key advantages of technology in education is the accessibility it provides to students worldwide. Online courses and virtual classrooms have made education more inclusive and flexible, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from any location. Additionally, technology enhances the learning experience through interactive tools, multimedia resources, and simulations that engage students in a way traditional textbooks cannot.Another significant benefit of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences. Adaptive learning algorithms can analyze students' learning styles and preferences to tailor educational content to their needs. This individualized approach to education can help students grasp concepts more effectively and improve their academic performance.Furthermore, technology in education has facilitated collaboration and communication among students and teachers. Online forums, video conferencing, and messaging platforms enable students to interact with each other and their instructors, fostering a sense of community and support. Moreover,technology enables teachers to provide real-time feedback and monitor students' progress more efficiently, leading to more effective teaching practices.Conclusion:In conclusion, the integration of technology in education has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. By making education more accessible, personalized, and interactive, technology has the potential to revolutionize the future of learning. However, it is essential to ensure equitable access to technology and support educators in adapting to this digital shift for it to be truly effective. As we continue to navigate the challenges and opportunities of technological advancements in education, it is crucial to prioritize the needs and well-being of students to ensure a brighter and more innovative future for education.This template can be used as a guide to structure your essay submission for the essay contest. Good luck with your entry!篇3Title: Template for Short Essay Submission in Writing CompetitionIntroductionWriting competitions are a great opportunity for writers to showcase their talent, connect with fellow writers, and potentially win prizes. If you are considering submitting a short essay for a writing competition, it is important to carefully craft your entry to maximize your chances of success. In this template, we will outline the key elements to include in your short essay submission.Body1. Introduction- Start your essay with a captivating introduction that grabs the reader's attention.- Introduce the topic of your essay and provide some background information for context.- Clearly state your main argument or thesis statement.2. Body Paragraphs- Develop your argument in the body paragraphs of your essay.- Provide evidence, examples, and analysis to support your argument.- Make sure each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and flows smoothly into the next.3. Counterarguments- Acknowledge potential counterarguments to your thesis and address them in your essay.- Show that you have considered alternative perspectives and strengthen your own argument in response.4. Conclusion- Wrap up your essay with a strong conclusion that restates your main argument.- Summarize the key points you have made in the body of your essay.- Leave the reader with a thought-provoking final statement or call to action.5. Language and Style- Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas effectively.- Avoid jargon or overly complex language that may confuse the reader.- Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation to ensure your essay is polished and professional.6. Formatting- Follow the guidelines provided by the writing competition for formatting requirements.- Double-check the word count limit and make sure your essay meets the length requirements.- Use a readable font and make sure your essay iswell-organized and easy to navigate.ConclusionSubmitting a short essay for a writing competition can be a rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning and execution. By following this template and incorporating the key elements outlined above, you can increase your chances of success and impress the judges with your writing skills. Good luck with your submission!。

F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a t w w w .v a c uub r a n d .c o m Self-optimizing vacuum for productivity and efficiencyThe VARIO® Chemistry-pumping units with adaptive vacuum controlVacuum applications in many laboratory and industrial processes benefit from electronical control by:■avoiding sample loss by foaming and boiling over■reducing process times for distillation and evaporation processes■improving reproducibility in drying, reaction and evaporation processes ■reducing operating time with continuous, automated optimization ■protecting the environment by capturing waste solvent vaporsVARIO ® controller provides fully automatic evaporation without parameter programming!VARIO ®-diaphragm pumps and chemistry pumping units optimize the vacuum automatically and accurately by adjusting the speed of the diaphragm pump. The CVC 3000 vacuum controller in the VARIO® pumping units detects the boiling pressure and responds automatically to provide the optimum vacuum conditions.■eliminates continuous oversight and manual readjust-ment, allowing you to focus on other research work ■avoids sample loss by eliminating bumping and foaming■waste vapor recovery rates near 100% keep lab airclean and protect the environment■ensuring of vapor pressures even incomplex mixtures reduces process times by as much as 30% compared with two-point vacuum controlOptimize laboratory processeswith VACUUBRAND VARIO ® technologyFully automatic processing by the adaptive VARIO® contolCompetitive unit in automatic mode - holds at first boiling point; evaporation stops because vacuum does not adapt to additional boiling pointsVACUUBRAND VARIO ®-Control - Complete distillation within shortest process time by adaptive boiling pressure-controlUp to 90% energy savings by VARIO® controlTwo-point control vs. VARIO® control■this reduces power consumption and energy costs byup to 90%■lower rotor speeds lead to fewer strokes per minuteand significantly extended service intervalsEvaporation Ethanol-Water 1:1Unlike some competitive pumping units, which detect the first boiling point and then hold the vacuum at that level, VACUUBRAND VARIO® control detects each boiling point and continuously adapts to optimize vacuum conditions even in complex mixtures!In a conventional two-point control with solenoid valve, the vacuum pump runs continuously at 100% speed, opening and closing the valve as needed to achieve pro-grammed vacuum levels. With the VACUUBRAND VARIO® control, the speed of the pump is adjusted automatically to the vacuum requirements of the process.VACUUBRAND offers the VARIO® chemistry diaphragm pump technology for a wide range of operations. Models with pumping speeds ranging from 2 m 3/h to nearly 20 m 3/h support applications ranging from individual laboratory applica-tions such as rotary evaporators, to multi-user lab vacuum networks, to replacement of rotary vane pumps in kilo labs and pilot plants. Depending on the pump version, the reachable ultimate vacuum is between 70 mbar and even down to 0.6 mbar. Select the right pumping unit for evaporation of your low- or high-boiling-point solvents at gentle temperatures.proPumping speed graph of VACUUBRAND´s VARIO® pumping unitsNew! VARIO Technology for a wider range of applications■automatically optimizing conditions ■without operator intervention ■and with reduced process timesAll while reducing emissions and saving energy.You focus on your research work......while the PC 3001 VARIO pro takes care of the evaporation!VACUUBRAND with SafetyAll of our VARIO® pumping units, and most of our other diaphragm pumps, as well, have no ignition sources in the internal, wetted area and are approved according to ATEX category 3. This means our pumps offer a high level of security in locations in which explosive mixtures might occur “infrequently“ in a neutral environment. In installations in hazardous areas characte-rized by the “occasional“ pumping of explosive mixtures, we continue to offer the special, ATEX-approved pumps. Thus, VACUUBRAND pro-ducts are also the safety leader in lab vacuum.The PC 3001 VARIO pro at a working pressure of 20 mbar provides:about 50% higher pumping speed than994291 - C h e m i s t r y p u m p i n g u n i t s E N 05/2009F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a t w w w .v a c u u b r a n d .c omT ec h n i c a ld a t a / o r de r i n g i nf o r m a t i o nTECHNICAL DATAVacuum controllerNumber of heads / stagesMax. pumping speedUltimate vacuum (abs.)Ultim. vac. (abs.) with gas ballast Max. back pressure (abs.)Inlet connectionOutlet connectionCoolant connectionMax. powerDegree of protectionDimensions (L x W x H), approx.Weight, approx.ORDERING INFORMATION200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 100-120 V ~ 50-60 Hz Versions, which include 230 V: ATEX: II 3G IIC T3 X, Internal Atm. only Pumping speed measured by ISO 21360* Country specific power cable, please order separately ** On request*** With NRTL certification for Canada and the USAm³/h mbar mbarbar kW mmkg PC 3003 VARIOCVC 30004 / 42.80.6 2 1.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53 IP 40419 x 243 x 44420.6738400738401738402738403PC 3002 VARIOCVC 30002 / 22.87121.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40419 x 243 x 44417.4733500733501733502733503PC 3016 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 119.3701001.1Small flange KF DN 25 Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7741800**741803PC 3004 VARIOCVC 30004 / 34.61.531.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40419 x 243 x 44420.6737500737501737502737503PC 3010 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 411.6 0.61.21.1Small flange KF DN 25 Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7744800744801***PC 3012 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 312.91.531.1Small flange KF DN 25Hose nozzle DN 15 mm/10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7743800743801*743803PC 3001 VARIO proCVC 30004 / 32.0241.1Hose nozzle DN 6/10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.16IP 20300 x 306 x 4007.7696700***696701***696702***696703***CEE CH,CN UKUS999184 - 02-1 / 2013The right VARIO®-Pump for your applicationRotary evaporators / reactorsThe PC 3001 VARIO pro is ideal for vacuum applications with high boiling solvents. The hysteresis-free vacuum control prevents superheating and foaming to protect valuable process samples. The controller enables automatic detection of vapor pressures and automatic adjustment of the vacuum level to the process requirements. The new ´pro´ version with improved pumping speed extends the range of use. Evacuation of larger vessels and process steps with high vapor volumes can be completed within shorter time. Programmed vacuum processes can be controlled by the integrated CVC 3000 controller or using an RS232C interface to your computer. The ´TE´ version of the PC 3001 VARIO pro uses a dry ice condenser to provide a cooling-water-free option for vapor capture if no cooling water connection is available or water conservation is critical. The PC 3001 VARIO pro with the Peltronic® emission condenser works without any cooling media.For exceptionally large amounts of vapor - like from parallel evaporators without condenser - the PC 3001 VARIO pro +IK with its condenser on the vacuum side is an excellent choice.Drying chambersVacuum drying chambers are used for drying very sensitive substances and when it is necessary to guarantee excellent residual drying. They generally need a very good ultimate vacuum depending upon the degree of drying, maximum acceptable temperature and the solvents used. At certain process parameters, there are large quantities of vapors that can only be handled with pump systems with a sufficiently large volume flow rate. Our product recommendations: PC 3003 VARIO or PC 3004 VARIO.Oil-free vacuum for kilo labsIn kilo labs and pilot plants, materials are produced in quantities of a few hundred gramsto several kilograms for pharmaceutical development, safety studies and early clinicaltrials for new drugs. Based on their extraordinary chemical resistance, our high perfor-mance chemistry pumping units PC 3016 VARIO, PC 3012 VARIO or PC 3010 VARIO areperfectly suited for these applications. The pumps operate without fluids such as water oroil, and thus reduce operating and maintenance costs. Variable-speed pumping systemsoffer unique control advantages in these applications, and are easily integrated intoprocess control via PC or programmable logic controllers.Operation in a local area network VACUU·LAN®VACUU·LAN® vacuum networks make it possible to supply high performance vacuum toseveral different applications from one vacuum pump (e.g., PC 3002 VARIO, PC 3003VARIO, PC 3004 VARIO). This is a money- and space-saving solution when a lot of users are working with vacuum in one laboratory and avoids the numerous drawbacks of a central (“house“) vacuum supply. For the vacuum outlets at workplaces, very versatile modules are available which can be easily upgraded. All of the components are available for new laboratory furnishings or for installation in existing or renovated laboratories. The modules are very resistant to chemicals and have built-in check valves to ensure that adjacent applications do not contaminate or interfere with one another.VACUUBRAND GMBH + CO KGAlfred-Zippe-Straße 4 · 97877 Wertheim · GermanyT +49 9342 808-0 · F +49 9342 808-5555*******************·Technical data are subject to change without notice。

生态系统韧性提升应对气候变化的能力英语作文Title: Enhancing Ecosystem Resilience to Combat Climate ChangeIn the face of the unprecedented challenges posed by climate change, the resilience of our ecosystems has emerged as a vital defense mechanism. Ecosystem resilience refers to the capacity of natural systems to absorb disturbances, maintain their essential functions, and adapt to new conditions without losing their overall structure and identity. Strengthening this resilience is imperative for mitigating the impacts of climate change and ensuring a sustainable future for all life on Earth.Ecosystems as BuffersEcosystems, from coral reefs to forests and wetlands, act as natural buffers against extreme weather events, droughts, floods, and sea-level rise. Their intricate webs of life support biodiversity, regulate water cycles, sequester carbon, and purify air and water. By enhancing their resilience, we fortify these natural barriers, reducing the severity of climate-related disasters and safeguarding human well-being.Restoration and ConservationRestoring degraded ecosystems and conserving intact ones are cornerstone strategies for boosting resilience. This involves reforestation to increase carbon sequestration, restoring wetlands to manage water flows, and protecting coral reefs to maintain marine biodiversity. Conservation efforts also encompass safeguarding habitats critical for species migration and adaptation, ensuring ecological connectivity across landscapes.Adaptive ManagementAdaptive management is a flexible approach that incorporates learning from ecosystem responses to guide future interventions. By continuously monitoring ecosystem health and adjusting management strategies based on new data, we can better anticipate and address the evolving challenges of climate change. This proactive approach fosters resilience by enabling ecosystems to adapt and thrive in a changing environment.Community EngagementEmpowering local communities to participate in ecosystem managementis crucial. Community-led conservation efforts foster a sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to more sustainable practices. These initiatives often integrate traditional knowledge with modern science, enhancing resilience by leveraging the collective wisdom of those most intimately connected to the land and sea.Policy SupportStrong policies and international agreements are essential to scaling up resilience-building efforts. Governments must prioritize investments in ecosystem restoration, conservation, and climate adaptation. International cooperation is vital, as climate change is a global challenge requiring coordinated responses. By aligning policies and sharing best practices, nations can work together to enhance ecosystem resilience and mitigate climate risks.ConclusionEnhancing ecosystem resilience is a fundamental strategy for combating climate change and securing a resilient future. By restoring and conserving ecosystems, adopting adaptive management, engaging communities, and supporting policy frameworks, we can fortify nature'sdefenses and pave the way for a more sustainable planet. As we face the ongoing threat of climate change, nurturing the resilience of our ecosystems is not just an option; it is a necessity.Translation:标题：增强生态系统抵御气候变化的能力面对气候变化带来的前所未有的挑战，我们生态系统的复原力已成为一种重要的防御机制。

2024届江苏省苏州市八校联考高三下学期三模英语试题一、听力选择题1．What does the woman mean?A．She refuses to buy new curtains.B．She accepts Susie’s suggestion.C．She objects to moving the bed.2．What did the woman and her sister often do during summer vacations?A．They flew kites.B．They watched TV.C．They camped in the field.3．How does the man sound?A．Grateful.B．Caring.C．Scared.4．Where does the man intend to go this evening?A．To a bar.B．To the woman’s house.C．To a supermarket. 5．What might Barbara be?A．A reporter.B．A travel blogger.C．A web designer.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6．How many rooms does the woman book?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.7．Which of the following does the woman need?A．A pick-up service.B．Parking coupons.C．Wake-up calls.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8．What does the woman say about Alisa?A．She is responsible.B．She is reserved.C．She is sociable. 9．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．Who is the best candidate for promotion.B．Who will be transferred to the branch office.C．Who can chair the meeting in the afternoon.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1. INTRODUCTIONIn September 1999, the Australian Water Asso-ciation formed a special interest group, the Water Recycling Forum, to foster improved communica-tion on water recycling and reuse in Australia (An-derson (ed.), 1999).In Australia, the driest continent, water resources development until the 1990's generally failed to re-gard water as more than a single-use disposable product, except where hydro-electric power was the first use. With two thirds of the population now in-habiting the five largest cities, Y3K compliance will demand that Australians have a new vision for water resource management (Harris, 2000). In many areas, trends in water consumption are unsustainable and adaptive management of water will be required to sustain economic growth (Thomas et al., 1999). Against this background a series of events in the late 1990's converged to radically accelerate implemen-tation of water recycling.Firstly, an awareness of environmental flows be-gan to emerge in water resources management pol-icy. The importance of water for ecosystem support has revealed an environmental cost in diverting wa-ter from streams for urban consumers. Secondly, the deteriorating state of rivers, coastal and estuarine waters in the vicinity of urban centres has led to im-position of limits on nutrient discharges to these wa-ter bodies. The blue-green algal bloom on a 1000km length of the Darling River drew attention to the al-ternatives to discharging municipal effluent into streams, and instead disposing to land to harvest wa-ter and nutrient benefits. Although this has been practiced at Melbourne's Western Treatment Plant at Werribee for more than 100 years, the practice is not universal and does present issues for protection of soil (Bond, 1998) and groundwater (Snow et al., 1998).Until the 1990's no major Australian city had any more advanced sewage treatment than secondary treatment, and some cities were still piping primary treated effluent into high energy coastlines and rely-ing on dispersion. The detection of sewage debris and high coliform counts at Bondi Beach raised pub-lic awareness on the need for improved treatment prior to marine disposal. Subsequently the Federal Government's Clean Seas Program (to improve the quality of waters discharging to the coast) brought opportunities to sell reclaimed water of improved quality as an irrigation resource. In 1999 the largest such project commenced in Australia. This is the Virginia Pipeline Scheme where 22,000 ML of ad-vanced-treated reclaimed water has been contracted from the Bolivar STP near Adelaide to irrigate mar-ket gardens on the Northern Adelaide Plains.The COAG Water Reform Agenda which intro-duced competition into the Australian water indus-try, and demanded that water pricing reflect actual costs of managing water supply and sewage systems, has brought with it a wave of new private sector in-vestment in water infrastructure. The involvement of international water companies has facilitated BOO and BOOT schemes and the adoption of a wider range of technologies in wastewater treatment, in-cluding dissolved air flotation, microfiltration, acti-vated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis and biologi-cal nutrient removal. The combined effect of these factors has resulted in an exponential growth in the availability of higher quality reclaimed water and opportunities for water reuse. In the three years to 1998/99 annual capital investment in wastewater treatment trebled to $195M and is expected to reach $300M in 2000/01 (WSAA, 1999).Water Reuse in Australia: Current Status, Projections and ResearchPeter DillonCSIRO Land and Water, and Centre for Groundwater Studies, PMB 2 Glen Osmond, SA 5064Ref: Dillon, P. (2000). Water reuse in Australia: current status, projections and research. Proc. Water Re-cycling Australia 2000, Adelaide, 19-20 Oct 2000 (ed. P.J. Dillon) p. 99-104.ABSTRACT: Water reuse from sewage treatment plants in Australia in 1998/99 was 113 GL (ie.7% of STP effluent). A recent survey of projected reuse shows this will increase by at least 28 GL/yr to double in four years. The adoption of water reuse is much faster than had previously been predicted due to a number of re-cent drivers for change in water management. Reuse plans for stormwater and irrigation drainage, with some exceptions, are currently sparse. The paper summarises the research needed to facilitate water reuse and en-sure that public and environmental health are protected as identified through a survey with respondents from all states and the Northern Territory. A cross-section of currently uncoordinated Australian research is also presented. Major reuse research programs elsewhere in the world are listed and the gaps that need to be ad-dressed in a proposed national reuse research program are presented.992. RECENT HISTORY AND PROJECTIONS OFWATER REUSE IN AUSTRALIAProjections in 1994 of water reuse by major Austra-lian water utilities (Thomas et al., 1997) help illus-trate the acceleration in reuse. The 1994 estimate of direct reuse of sewage effluent was 18 GL (1%) with growth to 64 GL (3%) in 2020. These figures ex-cluded land treatment. Thomas et al. regarded these projections as minima, based on confirmed schemes or adopted targets, and suggested that if the recom-mendations of their report were adopted reuse fig-ures would increase. Over the same period annual sewage volumes were projected to increase by 800GL (nearly 50%) and the increase in discharge of effluent to coastal waters by 600 GL (50%), placing pressure for improved treatment to contain pollutant loads to the environment.In a subsequent scenario study (Thomas et al., 1999), total Australian water use in 2020 was re-stricted to the estimated sustainable yield of 27,400 GL, and projected gross domestic product was main-tained by transfers from lower to higher valued in-dustries and gains in water use efficiency, with pro-jected savings in water use of 5,600 GL (17%). Although only 12% of current Australian water use is in urban areas, increases in urban water use effi-ciency through recycling alone have potential to very significantly exceed 17%. Urban water utilities with greater capacity to pay for water, advanced technical expertise and more easily monitored envi-ronmental performance, are likely to lead the way in improving water use efficiency (Speers,1999). Re-cycling is among the most cost-effective ways of improving water use efficiency in cities where water resources are tightly constrained.A survey by the author in 1999/2000 found that current sewage effluent reuse exceeds 7 % (Table 1a), significantly exceeding Thomas's 1994 projec-tions. Current firm (minimum) projections are for ef-fluent reuse to increase by 28GL/yr/yr, ie. to double over the next 4 years (Table 1b). According to WSAA (1999) there was an increase in the annual volume of effluent reused or recycled by ~ 13GL from 1997/98 to 1998/99. National reuse is equiva-lent to the volume of water supplied annually by the 8th largest Australian supplier of water (City West Water Ltd). There has been a uniformly steady in-crease in the proportion of wastewater reused for large water utilities in Australia (Tables 1b and 2), however the starting points have been very different, with some clear leaders in the field. Only three of the largest 21 water utilities reused more than 10% of their wastewater; Goulburn Valley Water reused 72% in 1998/99, Coliban Water 41%, and Mel-bourne Water 19%. In the same year three non-major urban water utilities (NMU's) achieved 100% reuse; Albury, Bathurst and Lower Murray. NMU % reuse currently exceeds that of major urban utilities.Table 1a. Water reuse from water utility STP's inAustralia, 1996-1999region year effluent reuseGL/yr GL/yr %QLD 199**** ****.6NSW 1996548 40.17.3ACT 199831 0.250.8VIC 199936716.9 4.6TAS 199943 1 2.3SA 199891 99.9WA 1999109 6.6 6.1NT 199821 1 4.8Aust. 1538112.97.3 Source: Susan Leahy (SA), Andrew Mills(NT), Catherine Clark,Max Thomas, David Gregory, Peter Donlon, Peter Byrnes, Pam Kerry (Vic), Peter Szlapinski (ACT), Howard Gibson (Qld), Warren Lee (Tas), John Anderson, Carol Howe (NSW), Lindsay Edmonds (WA) (QWRS, 1999; DPIWE,1999; Leahy et al., 1998)Table 1b. Water reuse from water utility STP's inAustralia, 2001-2008region year effluent reuse increase in reuse*GL/yr GL/yr % GL/yr/yr %/yrQLD 2008 400118 29.5 8.0 1.8 NSW 2005 57697 16.8 6.3 1.1ACT 2001 300.95 3.2 0.20.8VIC 2005 3866817.6 8.5 2.2 TAS 2005 45 3 6.7 0.30.7SA 2003 912325.3 2.8 3.1 WA 2005 14213.5 9.5 1.20.6NT 2004 21 523.8 0.7 3.2 Aust. 1691328 19.4 28.0 1.9Source: As per Table 1a * increase from date in Table 1aTable 2. Percentage of wastewater reused fromWSAA and NMU member STPs1996/97 1997/98 1998/99WSAAWSAANMUWSAANMU mean 4.9 6.6 n.a. 7.0 n.a. median 4.0 4.7 6 5.0 10 min. 0 0 0 0.1 0max. 65 69 100 72 100Source: WSAA (1999), AWA (2000)Recycling therefore represents a very significant'new' irrigation or environmental water resource, which may assist high valued agriculture near urban areas. Reclaimed water has the advantage of flow-ing uniformly throughout the year and being rela-tively consistent in quality, having been through a treatment chain with some quality assurance (unlike inflows from some catchments to reservoirs for ur-ban water supplies). With winter storage, either in aquifers or surface dams, this can represent a valu-100101able economic commodity, as well as having intrin-sic values in preserving environmental flows where it substitutes for mains water use, and in protecting surface waters from pollution by eliminating sewage discharges to sensitive water bodies.Other sectors, notably mining, are also significant re-users of water (Table 3, Figure 1).Table 3. Annual volumes of Australian waterreuse by sector (GL)93/ 94 94/ 95 95/ 96 96/ 97 97/ 98 98/99water supply 1 63 69 72 82 WSAA 2*110 124 WSAA 2**66 89 102 mining 120 20 24 40 elec/gas 1 4 5 6 6other 1 7 7 7 6 total 194 101 109 134 effluent 21222 1206 1320 1350 1345 1450 Source : ABS (2000), WSAA (1999) *p. ix, **figs 8.8 & 6.7In the dry low-density cities such as Perth, Can-berra and Adelaide, effluent discharge is only about 50% of the mains water inflow, as the other half of water is used on gardens and parks. If irrigation wa-ter was supplied as reclaimed water via dual reticu-lation from localized treatment plants, this would eliminate surface discharges and halve diversions of fresh water from the cities' water supply catchments. For the wetter and more densely populated cities, ex-terior water use is a smaller fraction of water de-mand, so sewer discharges are a higher proportion of mains water diversions (eg Sydney 75%). With a demand for urban irrigation water much smaller than the supply of effluent, other reuses say within and by industry, eg for cooling water, piping to rural irriga-tion areas, or treatment and release to reinvigorate streams and wetlands, are required to generate eco-nomic or environmental reuse value.Country towns with sewerage or common efflu-ent schemes and surface or aquifer storage, except in very wet areas are able to generate 100% reuse of reclaimed water for watering golf courses, ovals, and parks, as well as local commercial crops.Reuse projects and plans for urban stormwater and rural irrigation drainage, with some exceptions, are currently sparse. These represent significant op-portunities to generate new non-potable water re-sources in arid areas, where such supplies have high value.To date reuse in Australia has apparently been unimpeded by health or environmental incidences, and public acceptance of non-potable reuse has been high. Guidelines for reuse of effluent as well as of biosolids are in place in most states and are inte-grated under the National Water Quality Manage-ment Strategy. (Incidentally, the proportion of bio-solids reused in agriculture from effluent treatment plants in Sydney exceeds 97%, and nationally about 70% of biosolids are reused (WSAA, 1999).) How-ever there are many concerns over the sustainability of effluent reuse and emerging issues with water quality that need to be addressed at specific sites to give proponents of reclaimed water reuse projects confidence that the intended outcomes will be achieved. It is also noted that a failure at even one site may do much to damage implementation of wa-ter reuse nationally. For this reason it is proposed that a national water reuse research program be im-plemented to undergird reclaimed water reuse in Australia. This is expected to focus on non-potable reuse initially, and subject to demand, to consider potable reuse later.Figure 1. Reuse of effluent in Australia by economic sectors. Source: ABS(2000)3. ISSUES IN WATER REUSEThe main issues in water reuse which can have a significant effect on the continued demand for recy-cled water and the need for recycling are: • public health • environmental sustainability • quality of food products • social acceptance • treatment technology capability and reliability • monitoring systems • economics of recycling, and • availability of expertise.Risks involved in water recycling may be better understood and reduced through research to enable better guidelines (Anderson et al., 2000), greater public confidence, enhanced and better focussed in-vestment and development, preservation of natural resources, adoption of appropriate and more eco-nomic technologies, and greater knowledge which has an export value. Research may also defend against investment and public confidence disasters, which if they occurred would have severe local and national implications for the water industry.4. WATER RESEARCH NEEDSA pilot survey was undertaken by the author on be-half of AWA on water reuse research priorities in Australia. This involved one to two representatives of each state and territory, generally members of the national executive of the AWA Water Recycling Fo-rum or others with extensive experience in water re-use. The survey was distributed by email in Sept. 1999 and responses were received by email or fax through to Dec. 1999. All representatives were asked to respond on behalf of their state or territory, and assign high, medium or low priority to each of 37 branches of research described by a phrase or word, under three broad headings; water quality, health and environment, and social/legal/economic. Defi-nitions of water recycling, research, investigations and demonstration projects were provided with the survey form. This was intended to provide an indica-tor of the needs for research, and until repeated on a broader sample cannot be claimed to be an accurate reflection of national demand. Certainly in some lo-calities there are specific research needs which have very high priority, which are not recorded as having a high priority on this list. An overall economic evaluation of benefits and costs of reuse research is warranted, and is beyond the scope of this paper.The research priorities that emerged are presented in Table 4. This survey indicates that the highest re-search priority was to provide the necessary infor-mation to address those factors influencing public acceptance of reuse. In comments received on the questionnaire, as well as supported by other high priority fields, this takes into account potential health effects on consumers and on growers and re-lates to market acceptance of produce grown with recycled water. Compiling a summary of current re-search was also seen to be a high priority. Demon-stration projects at which costs were documented were also seen as valuable in reducing other uncer-tainties that were perceived as barriers to recycling.Beyond this, rankings in Table 4 reflect a blend of environmental and public health issues in which further information would reduce risks of adverse outcomes, or improve the management of recycled water so as to produce sustainable operations. Few priorities were devoted to treatment processes, with the exception of disinfection effectiveness, algae and algal toxin removal, and suspended solids removal. Most were more motivated by understanding out-comes, apparently with a view to improve treatment processes to attenuate the most mischievous con-taminants in recycled water.Table 4. Results of a survey of Australian waterreuse research prioritiesRank Field of Research Theme1 factorsaffectingpublic acceptance of reuse H,E,S2 viruses H3 public health impacts of reuse Himpacts on food quality of reuse on crops H,E4 publishing a summary of existing research Alleconomicsofreuse Ec 5 disinfectioneffectiveness H environmental impacts of reuse E salinity E pathogenicbacteria H legislationandregulations H,E 6 algaeprevention/removal E impacts on soils Eimpacts on groundwater Eimpacts on fresh surface water H,E sodicity E7 suspendedsolidsremoval H,E 8 algaltoxinremoval H packaging existing information for regula-torsH,E cryptosporidium H insurance for reuse schemes All9 endocrinedisruptors H,E impacts on estuarine and marine waters H,E nitrogen EThemes: E = environment, Ec = economics,H = public health, S = sociological5. EXISTING AUSTRALIAN REUSE RESEARCHA second questionnaire was circulated in pilot form in Sept. 1999 to obtain a cross-section of current wa-ter reuse research projects. Table 5 lists these pro-jects. Land and Water Resources R&D Corporation funded a further 7 recently completed projects.This list is provides a sample of the current Aus-tralian water reuse research portfolio, and these pro-jects alone reflect an annual expenditure of $2.9M. Coordinated into a national program, this expendi-ture could have enhanced benefits through use of the same monitoring installations and samples for mul-tiple purposes, and integration of research results. It is suggested that more comprehensive information on aims, methods and results of these and other re-search projects be posted in a web-accessible data-base on the AWA Water Recycling web page to make new knowledge more accessible. This would be periodically updated and this task could be one of the activities in a new Australian research program on water recycling.102Table 5 Current and recent water reuse researchprojects in AustraliaTitle PrincipalResearcherDates ThemeAttitudinal component domestic water use study - Perth Syme 98-00SIntegrated cost-effective urban water system - Urban water - El-lenbrook Estate, Perth Speers 98-01E/EcInnovation in urban water recy-cling - Mawson Lakes, SAMarks, R 98- 09 E/EcVineyard trellis posts from euca-lypts grown using effluent, Mildura, Vic Cookson 99-00 E/EcInsect pest monitoring in effluent irrigated eucalypt plantations, Koorlong, Vic Floyd since94EFILTER - filtration and croppingfor land treatment and effluentreuse, Griffith, NSWJayawardane 94- 01 E/EcWhole irrigation area salt man-agement, Griffith, NSW Blackwell 97-01 E/EcTrees for profit - (effluent irri-gated) Shepparton, Vic Baker 95-00E/EcFate of sodium under saline -sodic groundwater and effluent reuse, Tatura, Vic Surapaneni 97-00 EFate of nutrients in effluent-irrigated pasture, Shepparton, Vic Kerry 90-95ESafety of wastewater irrigation of dairy farms, Pakenham, Vic Kerry 99-02HFactors affecting success of pro-grams for sustainable water recy-cling, New Haven Village, SA Cromar 99-01 HCommunity and water reuse: acritical sociological analysis,New haven Village, SAMarks, J 00- 03 SAquifer storage and recovery of stormwater, Andrews Farm, SA Dillon 92-99EAquifer storage and recovery of reclaimed water, Bolivar, SA Martin 97-01E,H,EcWagga Wagga effluent plantation project Myer 94-00E,EcThemes: E = environment, Ec = economics, H = public health, S = sociologicalA comparison of the priority needs for research and the types of research results available or cur-rently being generated show significant gaps in reuse research related to health, product quality, environ-mental fate of constituents, economics and sociol-ogy. Even areas where there are projects, these are generally focused rather narrowly, and compilations of current knowledge are also needed.6. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMSThere is much water reuse research undertaken within R&D programs around the world. The first real attempt to integrate and add value to these was initiated by the Water Environment Research Foun-dation. WERF established a Water Reuse Program, which at Oct 1999 contained 12 projects, most aimed at improving environmental monitoring of pathogens in reclaimed water, with others surveying non-potable reuse management practices, and identi-fying the effects of multiple stressors on aquatic ecosystems (WERF, 1999).The 'WateReuse Association of California' has among its main strategic goals to foster additional research and development in water recycling and the dissemination of the findings. It does this through the 'WateReuse Foundation' which it established to facilitate R&D and education on water recycling. In June 1998, the Foundation's research committee conducted a workshop to assess research needs in conjunction with the University of California Water Reuse Research Conference (WateReuse Assoc of California, 1998). From the workshop came six re-search themes: public health; water quality; econom-ics and risk management; treatment and new tech-nologies; aquatic environment; and public attitudes.Not surprisingly these closely resemble the re-search priorities identified in the Australian survey. However Californian interests were higher in; disin-fection byproducts, fate of pharmaceutical sub-stances, real time pathogen monitoring, contaminant attenuation in soil-aquifer treatment, developing a certification process for new treatment technology, use of recycled water for restoration of wetlands and identifying mechanisms for assigning costs to bene-ficiaries of water reuse projects.Wastewater reuse research in Europe is under-taken within individual countries R&D programs, and through large integrated projects of the Euro-pean Commission, in the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Program under the Key Action: 'Sustainable management and quality of wa-ter', at item 1.3.2 Waste water treatment and re-use (European Commission, 2000). Fourteen projects in this category were funded in 2000, most of which re-lated to reuse of water. The thrust of the research continues to be oriented towards innovative waste-water treatment methods. However there is a sub-stantial body of research in progress concerning methods of measurement (including biomarkers) of endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and metals and their fate in wastewater treatment plants and in the environment (Waste Water Cluster, 2000). This reflects the substantial quantities of ef-fluent discharged to European rivers leading to indi-rect potable reuse, and potential ecosystem impacts.Intl.Water Assoc Specialist Group on Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse also aims to stimulate research and disseminate outcomes ori-ented to establishing guidelines, demonstrating sus-tainable water management and developing planning systems that account for environmental impacts.1037. R&D GAPS FOR AUSTRALIA.Anderson et al. (2000) suggested an integrated in-ternational framework for balancing risk and af-fordability in developing national guidelines for wa-ter recycling. Recognising that our knowledge is not perfect, and that we need to make decisions based on best available information, drawing on the interna-tional knowledge base is vital. An Australian contri-bution is also warranted, in order to resolve local is-sues, and by conducting research (based on fundamentals) as opposed to only trials (to supply topical solutions) we can contribute in the interna-tional arena. High quality research conducted in parallel with trials will allow the risks and benefits of recycling to be more clearly defined, assisting in the evolution of rational state and national recycling guidelines, as well as contributing to the basis needed by countries in transition who do not have the requisit research infrastructure and broad skill base.An examination of the research priorities identi-fied in Table 4, shows that some of these are site- specific (eg community acceptance, economics), some are regionally transferable (eg fate of recycled water constituents within crops, soils, and water bodies say within a biogeoclimatic zone), and some may be internationally transferable (eg effectiveness of treatment technologies). However Australia cur-rently lacks a coordinated national research program in water recycling, although as seen from Table 5 there is substantial uncoordinated expenditure in this field.It is proposed that Australian water utilities, and natural resources agencies of Australian states and the Commonwealth together establish a concerted national water recycling research program, which at 1c/KL would provide more than $1M pa to focus re-cycling research on the most pressing issues and en-sure appropriate communication of research results. The impact of a failure (eg epidemic outbreak), loss of land productivity, or failure to curb eutrophication of fresh or estuarine waters, would have far greater costs locally than that of a national program, which would help avert such failures. Development oppor-tunities would be foregone Australia-wide if public opinion turned against recycling. A proposal for such a research program is currently in preparation, and those with an interest in participating in this process are invited to contact the author.8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis review was supported in part by the Australian Water Association, and the author acknowledges the contributions of the executive of the Water Recy-cling Forum in provision of state data and R&D pri-orities, and the research fraternity for information on current projects. 9. REFERENCESAnderson, J. (ed.) 1999. Water Recycling Forum, Water Recy-cling News Vol 1, No 1, Dec 1999.Anderson, J., Adin, A., Crook, J., Davis, C., Hultquist, R., Jimenez-Cisneros, B., Kennedy, W., Sheikh, B., and van der Merwe, B. 2000. Climbing the ladder: A step by step approach to international guidelines for water recycling.p9-16, in Proc 3rd Intl. Symp. on Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse. Paris 3-7 July 2000, IWA Conf Pre-print Book 8.Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000. Water Account for Aus-tralia 1993/94 to 1996/97.Australian Water Association 2000. Performance Monitoring Report 1998-99, Aust. Non Major Urban Water Utilities. Bond, W.J. 1998. Effluent irrigation - an environmental chal-lenge for soil science. Aust. J. Soil Research 36, 543 – 555. DPIWE 1999. Department of Primary Industries Water and Environment. Internal ReportEuropean Commission 2000. Cordis - web information on EC programs and projects: http://www.cordis.lu/Harris, G. 2000. Water Science and ecology in an age of cyni-cism. Proc of the Xth World Water Congress, 12-17 March 2000, Melbourne.Leahy, S., McIntosh, G., van der Wel, B., and Loan, L. 1998.Use of effluent and urban stormwater in South Australia 1998: Total water cycle management. S.A.Dept for Envi-ronment Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, Environment Pol-icy Division.Queensland Water Recycling Strategy. 1999. Urban Water Recycling Background Study. UnpublishedSnow, VO, Dillon, PJ, Bond, WJ, Smith, CJ, and Myers, BJ.1999. Effect of plant production system and climate on the risk of groundwater contamination from effluent irrigation.J. AWWA Water 26 (2) 26-29.Speers, A. 1999. CSIRO's Urban Water Program – A National Approach to Water System Efficiency and Sustainability'.Australian Water and Wastewater Association. Journal Wa-ter. 26(5) p9-13.Sydney Water. 2000. Recycled water projection 2000-2005.May 2000. Sydney WaterThomas, J.F., Gomboso, J., Oliver, J.E. and Ritchie, V.A.1997. Wastewater Re-use, Stormwater Management, and the National Water Reform Agenda. CSIRO Land and Wa-ter Research Position Paper No 1, 203p.Thomas, J.F., Adams, P., Dixon, P., Hall, N. and Watson, W.1999. Water and the Australian Economy. Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering and the Institution of Engineers, Australia, 127p. WateReuse Assoc of California. 1998. WateReuse Foundation Report : Needs assessment workshop results chart future activities. WaterReuse, Vol 8, Issue 8, Sept/Oct 1998, p6. Waste Water Cluster. 2000. Newsletter, No.3. Funded by the European Commission-DG XII-DI, Water Technologies, Water Services Association of Australia. 1999. The Australian Urban Water Industry. WSAA facts '99. WSAA, Mel-bourne.WERF. 1999. web page: Author's Email Address: Peter.Dillon@csiro.au104。

Business Integration for the 21st Century Peter BelknapORACLE PRODUCT LOGOProgram Agenda•21st Century Integration Landscape •Oracle SOA Suite and BPM Suites –Industrial SOA for Integration Everywhere –Business-Driven Process ImprovementIntegration or Extension? 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Human ApprovalsHuman Interactions within the process (most prevalent)• BPEL (or BPMN)• Human Tasks/AMX with HCM integration• Rules for dynamic routing • ADF Task flows• Customizable Worklist• Actionable email notifications3. Business EventsDecoupling using business events•Events publication from ADF •Event Delivery Network•Async invocation of process, human tasks or ESS jobs5. Enabling Edge Integration4. Batch jobs6. Synchronous MicroflowsSynchronous Processes•Synchronous processes•Dynamic processing using rules •Straight through processing with BPEL & ADF services •SDO entity variablesLong Running batch jobs•Scheduler for time basedscheduling and job incompatibility •BPEL for orchestration•Asynchronous Services/jobs •ODI integrationEdge Integration•Dynamic endpoints•Support multiple protocols •Mediator with differenttransformations based on end point8. Process CompositionFusion Micro Patterns7. Activity GuideMultistep human interactions•BPEL/BPMN processes with human tasks•Activity guide metadata •ADF task flows•AG controls in apps UIBusiness user driven process composition•BPMN based process templates •BPMN/BPEL Rules, human workflow •BPM composer for customization •Service catalogApplication Integration ArchitectureSolutions Which Deliver Sustainable Integration•Powered by Oracle Fusion MiddlewareLeverage Oracle’s best -in-class, standards-based SOA Middleware platform•Reference Process ModelsOptimize business performance leveraging Oracle’s extensive experience and best practices•Pre-Built IntegrationsAccelerate implementation of discreet business processes using AIA’s pre -built integrations across Oracle Applications•Foundation PackBuild cross-functional business processes across any of your applications utilizing a standardized approach and methodologyComplete. Open. 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Agenda•21st Century Integration Landscape •Oracle SOA Suite and BPM Suites –Industrial SOA for Integration Everywhere –Business-Driven Process ImprovementConnect & normalizeAdaptersERP MAINFRAME SERVICES PARTNERSDB •Over 200 adapters•For all technologies & applications: EBS, PSFT, Siebel, SAP , Databases, Files, FTP , JMS, MQ, B2B, etc. •Graphical introspection of target •Abstract complexity of underlying applications•Convert from proprietary formats to XMLTPS TPSmsg msg/s /s1,000’sservicesservices Virtualize, route, scaleOracle Service BusERPMAINFRAMESERVICES PARTNERSDB SERVICE BUS SERVICE BUS•Foundation for yourshared services infrastructure•Convert from one protocol and format to another, on the fly (ex: consume a Mainframe service from .NET over SOAP)•Add scalability through cachingOracleCoherence Data GridWorklistPortalMS Office MAINFRAME Online ShoppingMobile DevicesApplicationInstance 1ApplicationInstance 2Application Instance 3Proxy Services•Enforces agility by replacing direct coupling with a flexible virtual endpoint to the consumerXBusiness Services•Access service from multiple endpoints•Ensures high availability when apps go down and during maintenance ORACLE SERVICE BUSOracle Service Bus - Service Virtualization,Automated Service PoolingOracle Service BusKey Ingredients for an Enterprise Service BusUnified SecurityFTP MQ Adaptive MessagingSMTP MetadataReportingSLA AlertsContent Based RoutingTransformation Import / Export Validation Service ManagementService VirtualizationConfiguration Framework HTTP/S JCAJMSFile Change CenterMonitoringWSRM Tux EJBService ChainingREST AuthenticationAuthorization Identity Sign/EncryptJDBC AQ SAP EBS PSFT JDE SBLReduced RiskService results available even when application is downImproved PerformanceEliminate repeated application requests for static dataPredictable ScalabilityCached results maintained internally resulting in less dependence on 3rd party service provider availabilityScalability & PerformanceService Result 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design-time…(right in JDeveloper)Or attach/detach policies at runtime, after deployment(in Enterprise Manager)•All-in-onemanagement console•End-to-end (process) instance tracking•No explicit work required fromdeveloper to enable tracing •Unified error handlingBPELHuman Workflow Routing Business RulesExternal ServiceDrill downDrill-down intocomponentsOut-of-the-box visibilityEnd-to-end instance tracking in Enterprise Manager•Unified exception handling framework (“Error hospital”):•Search•Delete•Recover failed instances(individual or batch)•Directly access corresponding log entriesRecoveryActionRecoveryscreenEdit payloadFaults &exceptionslogExceptions HandlingMonitor ExpressInstrument BPEL processesright from JDeveloperAvailable Monitor Objects:Interval / Counter / CaptureFeed into pre-builtBAM dashboards(or build your own)BI Views for BPMN processesOracle Business Activity Monitoring Meaningful, Event-driven Visibility for Business Users Monitor business processes & services in real-timeKey Performance Indicators (KPIs)Service-Level Agreements (SLAs)Analyze events as they occurCorrelate events & KPIsIdentify trends as they emergeAlert users to bottlenecks & solutionsAct on current conditionsEvent-driven alertsReal-time dashboardsBPEL processes & web services integrationReal Time Data CollectionOracle BAMJ M S B u s MS MQ IBM MQ Tibco Oracle AQSonic JMS 1.1 D a t a b a s eSQL ServerSybase Oracle JDBC File SystemWeb ServiceBPM/BPEL/OSB/B2B Oracle E-Business Real-time alertsReal-timedashboard/reportsD a t a S o u r c e sCall Web ServiceDB2 Enterprise ManagerBAM Adapter ODIOracle BAM: Architected for IntegrationInternetBAM DashboardsWebApplicationsStartPage ActiveViewer ActiveStudio Architect AdministratorReportServeriCommandOracle Database(Grid)BAM Data & Metadata External Data ObjectsWebServicesInternetEnterprise Integration FrameworkApplication ServerBIWeb ServicesJMS ConnectorBAM AdapterADFBAM DataControlADF Pages with DVTBAM ServerEventEngineActions & 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Spatial❑ Deploy on a high-end server in the datacenter or on a small server in remote locationsLocation Proximity Tracking Highlights “Interest” Area (ZONES)Smart Grid - UtilitiesFinancial Services - Best ExecutionOracle SOA Suite directionsOracle has the most complete stack today Oracle has the most integrated stack today → No technology disruption in 12cFocus areas:→ Industrial SOA→Developer’s productivity→Integration Everywhere (Cloud, Mobile, …)Industrial SOA“heavy duty”“Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.“1.More out-of-the-box productivity:1.Templating2.Zero-config dev environments3.Mapping improvements2.Performance & Scalability3.Diagnosability4.Built-in GovernanceIndustrial SOAExalogic: Extreme Performance SOA and BPM Platform •High-Performance Compute Nodes•Integrated Storage•InfiniBand Interconnect Fabric•Tuned and Optimized SOA Platform:520ms•Faster XML Processing9X •Scalability optimizations•Platform Optimizations58msOracle SOA and BPM Suites - Summary•The most complete & integrated offering •Mature, widely adopted – and growing faster than any other solution•Stable roadmap→The leading and most capable integration stack→Technical Documentation:/cd/E23943_01/soa.htm。

KIESELMANNF L U I D P R O C E S SG R O U PMANUAL LEVEROur ergonomic thermal protection handle in the plasticblack/red design. Other colours are available on request.A stainless steel handle is also available.2ContentINTRODUCTION 4Valve technology:The standard and the ballBUTTERFLY VALVES 6Butterfly valves, intermediate flangebutterfly and three-way butterfly valvesLEAKAGE BUTTERFLY VALVES 8BALL VALVES 10Ball valves, three-way ball valves,rinsing connection and heating jacketCONTROL AND SWITCHING 12Manual levers, actuators, control headsand positioners34Save space and costs: KIESELMANN butterfly valves are the space-saving, inexpensive solution. Our ball valves The standard and the ballKIESELMANN VALVE TECHNOLOGY5 HAND LEVERBUTTERFL Y VALVE BALL VALVE THREE-WAY BUTTERFL Y VALVEPNEUMATIC ACTUATORWITH POSITION INDICATORAND SENSOR MOUNTINGPNEUMATIC ACTUATORWITH CONTROL HEAD/POSITIONER KIESELMANN stainless steel valves:Highest quality in dimensional accuracy and surface finish. All sealing elements used havethe necessary approvals for the food industry.The modular design of our valves allows quickand easy switching from a manual lever to apneumatic actuator with sensors or control head.6 |BUTTERFLY VALVESKIESELMANN butterfly valves are the space-saving solution for shutting off product flows in process systems such as on panels and tanks in a hygienic and inexpensive way. They are also available as intermediate flange butterfly valves as well as numerous other connection variants, such as welding and threaded ends. We manufacture all valves at our headquarters in Knittlingen.The space-saving solutionBUTTERFLY VALVESBUTTERFLY VALVES | 7The sealing elements used all have suitability certifications for use in the food industry.The ergonomic thermal protection handle of our butterfly valves is available with a 90° lock oroptionally with shift limit. Alternatively, these valves are also available with a stainless steel handle.Automatically cost-effectiveAutomation is also possible with this cost-effective valve solution. Our modular system makes it possible to quickly and inexpensively convert the manual lever to a pneumatic actuator without disconnecting any pipeline connections to the pipeline. The actuators are available with sensors or control head KI-TOP.Intermediate flange butterfly valve with k-flex seal to the flange closures> E rgonomic thermal protection handle, 90° lock or optional shift limit > S tandard or shortened handle design, fiberglass (reinforced plastic material), available in your choice of colours or stainless steel > Vacuum insert suitable> Easy installation, many connection options> Three-way butterfly valves with switching combinations > Service-friendly intermediate flange design > Tailor-made and long-term spare parts supplyADVANTAGESPlain bearingEnd plugLocking discPlain bearing*V alves with flanged connection PN10 may only be operated with an operating pressure of up to 10 bar.**Nominal size only available as intermediate flange butterfly valves.DOCUMENTATIONHere you can download all important data, information and certificates about our products as PDF files.8 | LEAKAGE BUTTERFLY VALVESKIESELMANN leakage butterfly valves provide increased process security. Mix-proof separation of different media is ensured via the dual-sealing, one-piece valve disc. Runoff-drains allow direct detection of any leaks. Identified, eliminated: Thanks to our maintenance-friend-ly valve design. The drains can also function as rinse connections, ideal for Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) processes.Secure and adaptiveLEAKAGE BUTTERFLY VALVESLEAKAGE BUTTERFLY VALVES | 9> Cost-effective leakage protection > Sealing materials EPDM, HNBR > H ygienically safe due to easy cleaning of the leakage chamber, CIP appropriate > E asy-to-maintain design with just one sealing elementKIESELMANN leakage butterfly valves are generally available in intermediate flange version.This design and the split housing allow the seals to be easily and quickly replaced.Functional principleWhen closed, the butterfly valve with a tandem seal ensures that different media remain separated without leaking.Any leaks at the butterfly valve seal flow without pressure through the leakage drain port at the leakage outlets.The leakage chamber can be integrated into a CIP circuit via the rinsing connections. For demanding products, we generally recommend cleaning theleakage chamber.ADVANTAGESLeakage drainLeakage drain ring-groovePlain bearingPRODUCT VIDEOVisit us on YouTube. Get to know the functions of our leakagebutterfly valves.10 |BALL VALVESKIESELMANN straight-way ball valves provide pipe-level, piggable passages for liquid, viscous and particulate media. Your solution for almost all applications in the beverage and food industry.A nice piece of workBALL VALVESThree-way ball valveBALL VALVES | 11Safe, robust and flexible: Three-way ball valves from KIESELMANN offer additional options for process control.The best solution for every requirementKIESELMANN three-way ball valves have been used successfully in the beverage and food industry for many years.KIESELMANN ball valves are easily adaptable:Our intelligent modular system makes it easy to switch from a manual lever to an automated, pneumatic actuator at any time. The actuators of the ball valvescan be equipped with a sensor or control head.> Robust, designed to be easy to install > Spring preloaded shaft seal > PiggableOptional:> Full PTFE cavity fillers with minimal clearance volume > Rinsing connections for cleaning > Heating jacketADVANTAGESGap-free housing sealing by pressure ringsPlain bearingBall valve with heating jacketDID YOU KNOW...Our ball valves are also available with rinsing connections?Straight-way ball valve12 | CONTROL AND SWITCHINGManually great. And automatically better.Whether simply manual, automatic pneumatic or With hand and headCONTROL AND SWITCH INGCONTROL AND SWITCHING | 13Automate valves easily. The modular design of the KIESELMANN valves makes it possible to convert from a manual lever to a pneumatic actuator at any time. Our actuators are equipped with mechanical position indicator, sensor mounting and compressed air connection.Power & brains: Actuators with KI-TOP control heads. Our control heads already contain control electronics and pilot valves. They support all commoncommunication interfaces, such as PLC, AS-i and IO-Link, and can be connected via various ways, such as cable entry or M12 connectors.The connection to the supply air is made bycompressed air quick connector on the control head.The control board can be fitted with an LED all-round display. For optimal visual control.Extra safe in Ex-zonesIn areas with highly flammable and explosive substances, such as spirits, our TÜV tested control heads ensure maximum safety. Two versions are available: Zones 1 and 21 as well as 2 and 22, which comply with Directive 2014/34/EU.> E rgonomic thermal protection handle (also in colour of choice)> Different sizes depending on nominal diameterADVANTAGESVersion withinductive sensorsDigital feedback is also pos-sible for the hand lever.OPERATIONManual leverThe handy way.The KIESELMANN thermal protection handles fit well in your hand and are easy and safe to operate. The handles are available with a 90° lock or with shift limit. Optional also asstainless steel hand lever.14 | CONTROL AND SWITCHINGThe actuators PDA 75, PDA 100 and PDA 125 provide the perfect performance for yourprocesses. The flexibility of our modular valves is also continued with our actuators. They are compatible with all KIESELMANN rotary valves and can be exchanged in a few simple steps.The actuator has the position indicator with sensor mounting. The installation of inductive sensors with M12x1 thread can be used to query the “open” and “closed” positions. By screwing the sensor to the limit position the required switching gap for the signal transmission is established.>S tandard delivery: Actuator with position indicator and sensor mounting >P recise positioning of the sensors, no adjustment required>Clearly visible optical position indicatorADVANTAGESPNEUMATIC ACTUATORin three sizesPNEUMATIC ACTUATORwith position indicator and sensor mounting> Three actuator sizes PDA 75/100/125> Five year warranty> Three functions can be chosen • air-opening – air closing • air-opening – spring closing • spring opening – air closingADVANTAGESWhen the valve is closed, the position indicator is at 90° angle from the valve passage, and when the valve is open it is even to the valve passage.55 YEAR WARRANTYCONTROL AND SWITCHING | 15The alternative to the central control cabinet: The digital control head KI-TOP with automation components. The integrated electronics controls the solenoid valve, detects status and returns it. The control heads consist of a bottom part with bayonet lock and a plastic or stainless steel cover (protection class IP 65).Positioners offer the highest flexibility in metering and flow reduction. They are the intelligent solution for cost-effectively implementing simple control tasks with butterfly valves. For high control accuracy, the control valve series is the right choice.> Regulation of volume flows > Space-saving > Cost-effective> Can be used for simple regulationADVANTAGESADVANTAGESPNEUMATIC ACTUATORwith control head KI-TOPPNEUMATIC ACTUATORwith positioner> P recise position monitoring, optionally with automatic learn mode > C ontrol and indication of up to four valve positions > Fully automatic> Optional: LED all-round displayKIESELMANN WORKSHOP In this video we show you thesimple installation of a positioneron a KIESELMANN actuator.Control head KI-TOP, ASi ESwith selective emergency stop (optional) and two freely assignable control inputs.Visual control of the valve position e. g. green = open, red = closed,flashing = shift.Electro-pneumatical positioner 8615.For precise, safe process control: our control valves with digital, electro-pneumatic positioner.KIESELMANN Online ShopFrom anywhere, at any time: search, find,enquire and order.More than 8,000 articles accessible atshop.kieselmann.de/enKIESELMANN GmbHPaul-Kieselmann-Str. 4–1075438 Knittlingen+49 7043 371-0******************** F L U I D P R O C E S S G R O U P S u b j e c t t o a l t e r a t i o n s . 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多相流模型经验谈多相流的介绍：Currentlytherearetwoapproachesforthenumericalcalculationofmultiphaseflows:theEuler-La grangeapproachandtheEuler-Eulerapproach.TheEuler-LagrangeApproach:TheLagrangiandiscretephasemodelinFLUENTfollowstheEuler-Lagr angeapproach,thisapproachisinappropriateforthemodelingofliquid-liquidmixtures,fluidizedbeds,oranyapplicationwhMIteration,theparticlesourcetermsarerecalculated.LengthScale:controlstheintegrationtimestepsizeusedtointegratetheequationsofmotionfort heparticle.Asmaller valuefortheLengthScaleincreasestheaccuracyofthetrajectoryandheat/masstransfercalculat ionsforthediscretephase.LengthScalefactor:AlargervaluefortheStepLengthFactordecreasesthediscretephaseintegrat iontimestep.颗粒积分方法：numerics叶中trackingscheme选项1）implicitusesanimplicitEulerintegrationofEquation23.2-1whichisunconditionallystablefor allparticlerelaxationtimes.2）trapezoidalusesasemi-implicittrapezoidalintegration.（梯形积分）3）analyticusesananalyticalintegrationofEquation23.2-1wheretheforcesareheldconstantdurin gtheintegration.4）runge-kuttafacilitatesa5thorderRungeKuttaschemederivedbyCashandKarp[47]. Youcaneitherchooseasingletrackingscheme,orswitchbetweenhigherorderandlowerordertracki ngschemesusingan12FluidFlowTimeSteptoinjecttheparticles,orwhetheryoupreferaParticleTimeStepSizeindepend entofthefluidflowtimestep.Withthelatteroption,youcanusetheDiscretePhaseModelincombinationwithchangesin thetimestepforthecontinuousequations,asitisdonewhenusingadaptiveflowtimestepping.随机轨道模型的参数：numberoftries:AninputofzerotellsFLUENTtocomputetheparticletrajectorybasedonthemeancon tinuousphasevelocityfield(Equation23.2-1),ignoringtheeffectsofturbulenceontheparticletrajectories.Aninput of1orgreatertellsFLUENTtoincludeturbulentvelocityfluctuationsintheparticleforcebalanceasinEquation23.2 -20.Ifyouwantthecharacteristiclifetimeoftheeddytoberandom(Equation23.2-32),enabletheRando mEddyLifetimeoption.YouwillgenerallynotneedtochangetheTimeScaleConstant(CLinEquation23.2-23)fromitsdefaul tvalueof0.15,unlessyouareusingtheReynoldsStressturbulencemodel(RSM),inwhichcaseavalueof0.3isrecomm ended.液滴颗粒碰撞与破碎碰撞：破碎：有两种模型，TAB模型适合低韦伯数射流雾化以及低速射流进入标态空气中的情况。