第一单元财经
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，认知商贸英语文章的内在逻辑关系，帮助学生提高阅读理解的能力，了解国际财经概况。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. When Banker’s Bets Go Bad
银行家的猜测落空
名词解释：
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 通货监理局
Alan Greenspan 艾伦·格林斯潘，美联储主席
句子翻译：
1)The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its
securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.
2)We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than
anticipated.
2. Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China
中国为中小型企业提供政府财政援助项目
名词解释：
Labor-intensive 劳动密集型
SME: small and medium-sized enterprise 中小型企业
SOE: state-owned enterprises 国有企业
句子翻译：
In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of the
Chinese economic.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：阅读的逻辑技巧
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1.Carlyle Group’s Asian Invasion
加雷集团的亚洲扩张
名词解释：
Venture-capital 风险资本
Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团
Citigroup 花旗集团
2. Why the Dollar Is Blooming Again
为什么美元再次复兴？
名词解释：
Greenback 美元（俚语）
Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司
European Central Bank 欧洲中央银行
Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银行
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1. How Banks Pretty up the Profit Picture
银行如何美化收益前景
2. Thai Stocks What Goes Up 泰国股市：到底是怎么了？
3. Inventing to Order 以市场为导向开发产品
4. I t’s an Office Party in Hong Kong香港办公楼地价之争
第二单元人力资源管理
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，掌握商务英语阅读中的快速阅读技巧，了解人力资源管理概况。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. China’s Problem of Labor
中国人力资源问题
名词解释：
Confucian heritage 孔子遗训
Micro-managing 微观管理
Job rotation 轮岗
句子翻译：
1)Many underestimate the cost of local staff. Chinese graduates often have an inflated view of their own, complain
some foreign managers. Multinationals are also competing for talent with China’s domestic companies, which need to
improve the quality of their people as their markets open to foreign rivals.
2)But the growing shortage of executive talent may make the growth assumptions written into many business plans
over-optimistic.
2. No Prizes for Runners-up
奖励只给最优秀的员工
名词解释：
Redundancy payment 冗余支出
Benefit package 福利包
Merit budget 贡献奖
Flexible reward 灵活的奖励方式
Egalitarian Europe “人人平等的欧洲”
句子翻译：
1)But benchmarking employees, and then paying them different rates, can turn out to be a minefield if handled badly.
2)Those that want rewards to be cost-effective but memorable are seeking the services of firms that specialize in
employee recognition.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：快速阅读技巧
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1. The Inside Story（PartⅠThe Power of Online HR Management）
背景故事：（一、在线人力资源管理的威力）
名词解释：
Ford 美国福特汽车公司
BP British Petroleum 英国石油公司
Outsource 人力资源外包
Holiday entitlement 员工休假权
Expatriate employee 外派员工
2. The Inside Story（PartⅡOnline Training as an Alternative）
背景故事：（二、在线培训）
名词解释：
Curriculum Vitae 个人履历表
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1. Organized Labor Revival（PartⅠAre Unions Declining in Europe?）
工会组织的复兴（一、欧洲工会组织正在消亡？）
2. Organized Labor Revival（PartⅡUnion Revival，True or Not?）
工会组织的复兴（二、工会组织正在复兴？）
3. Case Study Is There a Nice Way to Fire Your Employees?
案例分析：真有合理地解雇员工的好办法吗？
4. Hold that Body Count!
人力的真正意义!
第三单元市场
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，掌握商贸英语阅读中长难句的分析方法，了解市场营销方式、广告策略、销售经典案例等概况。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. Celebrity Endorsements as a Strategy
营销策略之名人效应
名词解释：
Bill Cosby 比尔·考斯比，美国黑人，喜剧之父
句子翻译：
Alternatively, advertisers can choose to use “spokescharacters”. Owens-Corning has used the Pink Panther for nearly 20 years to endorse its insulation products, and Metropolitan Life has used the Peanuts gang to promote its insurance policies.
Another way advertisers protect themselves is by using deceased celebrities. Through the wonders of technology, television
viewers see screen legends John Wayne pitching Coors beer and Fred Astaire dancing with a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner.
2. Challenges in Global Advertising and Promotion
广告及销售全球化的挑战
名词解释：
Avon China Inc. 雅芳（中国）公司
FedEx 联邦快递，全球最大的快递公司
James Bond 詹姆斯·邦德，代号007，全球知名的英式间谍形象
句子翻译：
1)The style of the ad. Is also important, because comparative ads, while acceptable and even common in the United
States and Canada, are less commonly used in the United Kingdom, unacceptable in Japan, and illegal in India and
Brazil.
2)Coca-Cola’s Indian subsidiary was forced to end a promotion that offered prizes such as a trip to Hollywood,
because it encouraged customers to buy in order to gamble, in violation of India’s established trade practices.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：语篇阅读长难句的分析技巧
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1. Advertisement
广告
名词解释：
Bureau of Public Enterprise, BPE 国有企业局,实际负责推动民营化计划的机构
Management Information System (MIS) 管理信息系统
Manual of accounting procedure 会计手续规则
2. Marketing to Latinos and African Americans
拉丁美洲及非洲的营销策略研究
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1. Advertising on the Web Companies Grab the Brass Ring
网络广告：公司的新商机
2. From Harley-Davidson Armchairs to Coca-Cola Fishing Lures The Rise of Corporate Branding
企业品牌化的兴起：从哈雷牌轮椅到可口可乐牌鱼饵
3. Offering Guarantees to Promote Sales
提供质量保证以提高销售额度
4. Power Pricers: How Smart Companies Use Price as a Strategic Tool
价格的威力：精明商家的价格策略
第四单元管理
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，掌握基本商务知识理论，了解国际知名企业的基本管理理念，掌握基本国际商务背景知识。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. Cross-cultural Management
跨文化管理
名词解释：
MBA: Master of Business Administration, 工商管理硕士
Pay-for-performance (PFP) 业绩付酬—按照实际业绩付给酬劳
Matrix structure 矩阵结构
句子翻译：
A fairly obvious cultural divide that has been much studied is the one between, on the one hand, the countries of North
America and north-west Europe, where management is largely based on analysis, rationality, logic and systems, and, on
the other, the Latin cultures of southern Europe and South America, where personal relations, intuition, emotion and
sensitivity are of much greater importance.
2. Motorola Modes of Handling Ethical Issues Transculturally
跨文化管理“摩托罗拉模式”所遵循的原则是什么？
句子翻译：
1)The simplest mode is one in which Motorola makes no particular effort to adjust to the local culture, but merely
clarifies its policy on a given issue, and implements that policy regardless of whether it overlaps with the values or
standards of the host culture.
2)In some situations, the overlap between Motorola’s standards and certain practices of the host culture might be so
limited that the corporation has no choice other than simply to abide by its own standards and attempt to remain viable in
that country.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：基本商务背景知识积累
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1. Might the Proper Study of Management Be Man?
管理的核心是管理人?
名词解释：
Stock market 证券市场
Zeitgeist 时代精神
Theory X(Y) X(Y) 理论
2. No more Boring Analysis
无需反复研究管理方式
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1. Will This Merger Go Down Smoothly?
这一次的收购会顺利进行吗？
2. Citi: A Whole New Playbook
花旗集团：一个全新的开始
3. Do You Really Need an MBA?
你真的需要一个MBA文凭吗？
4. Going Global by Thinking Local
立足本土，走向国际
第五单元贸易
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，了解商务英语词汇的特殊性，并掌握一定数量的商务英语用词。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. Trade Disputes
商务争议
名词解释：
Comparative costs 比较成本
Specialization 专业化生产
Insight 洞察力
Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者
Productivity 生产力
Mainstream economists 主流经济学家
David Ricardo 大卫·李嘉图英国经济学家著有《政治经济学几赋税原理》
句子翻译：
Even if one country can make everything more cheaply than every other it still gains from focusing on the goods in which its relative advantages is greatest —i.e., in which it has a comparative advantage —and importing the rest.
2. A Sale Contract
销售合同
名词解释：
FOB: Free on Board 船上交货价格, 离岸价格
CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格
CFR: Cost and Freight成本加运费价
FCA: Free Carrier货交承运人
CPT: Carriage Paid to 运费付至
CIP: Carriage Insurance Paid to运费、保险费付至
EXW: Ex Work 工厂交货
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货
Remittance 汇票
T/T 电汇
M/T 信汇
Banker’s draft 银行汇票
Commercial Draft 商业汇票
Documentary Collection 跟单托收
D/P Sight: Documents against Payment at Sight 即期付款交单
D/P after Sight: Documents against Payment after Sight 远期付款交单
D/A: Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单
Letter of Credit 信用证
Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证
Sight L/C 即期信用证
Usance L/C 远期信用证
Transferable L/C 可转让信用证
句子翻译：
The Buyers shall open with a bank to be accepted by both the Buyers and Sellers an irrevocable transferable letter of credit, allowing partial shipment, transshipment in favor of the Sellers and addressed to Sellers payable at sight against
first presentation of the shipping document to Opening Bank. The covering letter of credit must reach the Sellers 30 days
before shipment and remain valid in China until the 21st day (inclusive) from the date of shipment.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：商务英语词汇一词多义性
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1. Business Negotiation
贸易磋商
2. Two Business Letters
商业信函实例
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1. A Letter of Credit
信用证
2. A Business Letter—Revise Former Letter of Credit
信用证修订书
3. A Booking Order
订舱委托书
4. A Commercial Invoice
商业发票
第六单元经济全球化
一、学习目的与要求
通过本单元学习，掌握商务英语特殊用词的记忆方式，了解全球经济一体化进程及其发展趋势。
二、考核知识点与考核目标
（一）课内训练（重点）
识记：1. Game Theory
博弈论
名词解释：
Oligopoly 求过于供的市场情况
Price cutting 大减价
Dilemma 困境
Game theory 博弈论
Adam Smith 亚当·斯密，英国古典政治经济学代表人物，著有《国富论》
Invisible hand “看不见的手”
句子翻译：
Game theory has been used by economists to study the interaction of oligopolies, on-management disputes; countries trade policies, international environmental agreements, reputations, and a host of other situations.
2. E-Commerce: The Kitty Hawk Era
电子商务：Kitty Hawk时代
名词解释：
Sales volume 销售量
Megastore 超级卖场
Cyberspace 网络空间
Distributor 分销商
Retailer 零售商
Intermediary 中介
Stockbroker 股票经纪人
Dealer 经销商
Leverage 杠杆作用
E-commerce 电子商务
Wal-Mart 沃尔玛，世界第一大零售商
Brick-and-mortar 传统意义上的公司
句子翻译：
1)Slowly but surely, consumers are leaving malls to shop on-line, often in their pajamas at 11 PM. And anyone who
doubts the potential power of the e-commerce juggernaut hasn’t grasped the advantage for both consumers and
businesses.
2)All companies fear the leverage gained by consumers who can demand ever-lower prices. Finally, businesses are
rapidly learning that it isn’t enough to tack the suffix “dot com” onto the company name.
（二）阅读技巧（次重点）
应用：商务英语用词一词多义性
（三）课外练习（一般）
理解：1. The Logic of Economics
经济学逻辑
名词解释：
Inflation 通货膨胀
Tariff 关税
Quota 配额
Tax cuts of 1964 美国1964年的减税政策
Great Depression 1929年至1933年的西方世界的经济大萧条
2. The Four Wheels of Growth
促进经济增长的四个要素
（四）拓展阅读（一般）
理解：1.Careers in Global Marketing
全球营销下的职场规划
2. How Markets Solve the Three Economic Problems
市场解决三大经济问题的途径
3. Global Marketing What It Is and What It Is Not
揭开全球营销的面纱
4. The Business-to-business Cyber-buying Bazaar
网络购物市场
第三部分有关说明与实施要求
一、考核的能力层次表述
本大纲在考核目标中，按照“识记”、“理解”、“应用”三个能力层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。各能力层次为递进等级关系，后者必须建立在前者的基础上，其含义是：
识记：能知道有关的名词、概念、知识的含义，并能正确认识和表述，是低层次的要求。
理解：在识记的基础上，能全面把握基本概念、基本原理、基本方法，能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系，是较高层次的要求。
应用：在理解的基础上，能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法联系学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题，是最高层次的要求。
二、教材
1、指定教材
《大学商贸英语阅读教程》复旦大学出版社出版沈昂主编 2008年版
2、参考教材
《出口贸易模拟操作教程》上海人民出版社祝卫主编1999年版
《商务英语阅读》高等教育出版社王关富主编2002年版
《剑桥商务英语阅读教程》世界图书出版公司侯新民主编2006年版
《商务英语阅读》外语教学与研究出版社朱梅萍主编2007年版
《实用商务英语阅读（第二版）》北京理工大学出版社蔡蔚主编2006年版
三、自学方法指导
1、在开始阅读指定教材某一章之前，先翻阅大纲中有关这一章的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标，以便在阅读教材时做到心中有数，有的放矢。
2、阅读教材时，要逐段细读，逐句推敲，集中精力，吃透每一个知识点，对基本概念必须深刻理解，对基本理论必须彻底弄清，对基本方法必须牢固掌握。
3、在自学过程中，既要思考问题，也要做好阅读笔记，把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理，这可从中加深对问题的认知、理解和记忆，以利于突出重点，并涵盖整个内容，可以不断提高自学能力。
4、完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识，培养分析问题、解决问题及提高能力的重要环节，在做练习之前，应认真阅读教材，按考核目标所要求的不同层次，掌握教材内容，在练习过程中对所学知识进行合理的回顾与发挥，注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析，解题时应注意培养逻辑性，针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次（步骤）分明的论述或推导，明确各层次（步骤）间的逻辑关系。
四、对社会助学的要求
1、应熟知考试大纲对课程提出的总要求和各章的知识点。
2、应掌握各知识点要求达到的能力层次，并深刻理解对各知识点的考核目标。
3、辅导时，应以考试大纲为依据，指定的教材为基础，不要随意增删内容，以免与大纲脱节。
4、辅导时，应对学习方法进行指导，宜提倡"认真阅读教材，刻苦钻研教材，主动争取帮助，依靠自己学通"的方法。
5、辅导时，要注意突出重点，对考生提出的问题，不要有问即答，要积极启发引导。
6、注意对应考者能力的培养，特别是自学能力的培养，要引导考生逐步学会独立学习，在自学过程中善于提出问题，分析问题，做出判断，解决问题。
7、要使考生了解试题的难易与能力层次高低两者不完全是一回事，在各个能力层次中会存在着不同难度的试题。
8、助学学时：本课程共4学分，建议总课时72，助学课时分配如下：
五、关于命题考试的若干规定
(包括能力层次比例、难易度比例、内容程度比例、题型、考试方法和考试时间等)
1、本大纲各章所提到的内容和考核目标都是考试内容。试题覆盖到章，适当突出重点。
2、试卷中对不同能力层次的试题比例大致是："识记"为30%、"理解"为40％、"应用"为30％。
3、试题难易程度应合理：易、较易、较难、难比例为2：3：3：2。
4、每份试卷中，各类考核点所占比例约为：重点占65%，次重点占25%，一般占10%。
5、试题类型一般分为：阅读理解、快速阅读、名词解释、简答题、翻译题等。
6、理论课程考试采用闭卷笔试，考试时间150分钟，采用百分制评分，60分合格。
六、题型示例
（一）阅读理解Reading comprehension.
Although it is nothing new for companies to build relationships with customers, it has generally been done on a one-to-one basis. In recent years, however, technological developments have made it possible to build up individual relationships with clients on a much larger scale, and this more sophisticated kind of operation is known as relationship marketing. Relationship marketing aims to increase sales through deliberate efforts to retain customers and promote two-way communication with them and new technology has make communication possible with a for larger customer base than before. The information gathered forms the basis of highly technical analyses of customer purchasing and profitability, which can be used to increase sales.
The building of good personal relationships with customers is usually integral to the management of small businesses, and owners of small corner shops clearly illustrate the essence of relationship marketing, although the technology available to them is far less advanced than that available to, say, a supermarket chain. Small shopkeepers have direct knowledge of regular customers and become familiar with their needs, likes and dislikes. The shopkeepers can then provide services tailored to individual needs. Over time, a bond of loyalty is likely to develop between shopkeepers and regular customers.
The benefits of relationship marketing enjoyed by small businesses are now available to big businesses, thanks to a number of developments. First and foremost is the increasing recognition of the importance of profitability of retaining existing customers. Secondly, technologies have been developed which enable the collection, manipulation and analysis of huge banks of customer information. Large retailers can use store cards to obtain detailed background information about customer’s ages, salaries and lifestyles, and point-of-sale technology can be sued to track purchases made by every customer. Electronic storage enables all of this information to be retained, manipulated and integrated, while detailed analyses can be carried out on ever more powerful computers. Companies are thus able to target individuals amongst their thousands of customers with unique promotions or information matched to their back grounds and to their purchasing tendencies. Thirdly, companies feel a need to use relationship marketing because of increased competition: amassing knowledge about customers and building up customer relationships through interactive contact can enable organizations to differentiate their products or services more easily form those of competitors.
However, relationship marketing is not always the right route for organizations to take, and is not appropriate for all customers. Some bank customers, for example, cost more to serve than the bank actually makes form their custom, while a supermarket customer who spends very little and does not shop regularly does not justify the expenditure of several pounds per annum on relationship marketing. In addition, customers may not always be interested in a relationship, even where there are demonstrable benefits to be had.
Overall, successful relationship marketing depends upon selecting and targeting the customers you wish to retain, and identifying sales areas where the investment and effort will be worthwhile. Many organizations have found the approach to be very rewarding in terms of customer retention and related profitability, but relationship marketing is still a developing field and is neither cheap nor easy to operate. It involves an integrative approach which draws marketing, quality and customer service together; it also depends upon developing the capacity of every employee particularly front-line staff to market the goods or services of the organization in a customer-focused way; and finally, it can require heavy investment in appropriate information technology.
1. In the first paragraph, the writer describes relationship marketing as ____.
A. an idea that has passed in and out of fashion over the last few years.
B. a term used for an activity that used to exist in a more basic form.
C. a way for a company to advertise to its customers.
D. a way for a company to analyze its profitability.
2. Why are small shopkeepers used to illustrate relationship marketing?
A. Their success depends on their relationships with their customers.
B. They keep information about their customers on computer.
C. They were the first to use the term relationship marketing.
D. Their relationship with customers has started to change recently.
3. One reason why large companies didn’t use relationship marketing in the past is that ____.
A. they underestimated the true value of customer loyalty.
B. heir customers didn’t want them to collect information.
C. they didn’t need to find out about individual customers.
D. they didn’t think they could justify the expenses.
（二）快速阅读Skimming and scanning.
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in
a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B. To explain the science of economics.
C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
2. In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by ____.
A. high quality
B. concrete
C. utter
D. authentic
3. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ___.
A. rapid speed of transactions
B. misunderstandings
C. inflation
D. difficulties for the traders
4. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system？
A. Individual households
B. Small businesses
C. Major corporations
D. The government
5.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person’s position in a tra ditional society？
A. Family background
B. Age
C. Religious beliefs
D. Custom
（三）名词解释Define the following terms.
1. Booking order
2. CFS
（四）回答问题Answer the following questions.
With no labor shortage, what prosperity will it expect in the article?
（五）翻译Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of the Chinese economic.
electric solutions during the survival course. A. practice B. produce C. approach D. Popularize 9.Why the company wants to relocate to Ireland still remains a brainteaser to a majority of staff. A.enigma B.disaster C. secret D. Burden 10. The purported function of the massage chair is that it can dispel your fatigue. A. supposed b. reclaimed C. publicized D. advertised 11. This is the era of the ―personal brand‖. A. time B. period C. aged D. Phase 12. Others felt it too outlandish to take seriously A. crazy B. outstanding C. strange D. Great 13. Her services are in demand from bankers, lawyers and other business people, all pondering ways to improve how they are perceived at work. A. deliberating B. concerning about C. considering D. thinking over 14. The outside world offers a little more illumination. A. enlightenment B. explanation C. strange D. Inspiration 15.She says there is evidence that Brand Stern is credible and respected, but she wonders if the markets aren‘t looking for something a bit meatier: ?Are you damping down your personality? Do they want more of you?‖ A. fatter B. more informative C. fleshier D. more important 16.Wouldn‘t it be cool if… I want to harness those ideas and let people have a forum? A.Discover B. make use of C. search for D. think about 17.Instead of setting up a traditional display booth at last year‘s Macworld convention, Kaufman handed out pads and pencils and invited attendees to sketch the products they wanted. A. box B. room C. stall D. Desk 18.Says his mother, Mindy, ?‖When you see someone who has a dream and a great idea, you don‘t want to stifle it ,, A. hurt B. smother C. damage D. safeguard 19. He sold the Mophie product line and rolled the proceeds into Kluster, a virtual forum that al-lows consumers and businesses to collaborate on the design of products and services. A. theoretic B. fake C. false D. fictitious 20. As Kaufman envisions Kluster, companies that want to create a new product vvill use the plat-form (https://www.doczj.com/doc/9315199364.html,) to put out a challenge to a relevant group of consumers. A. theoretic B. fake C. false D. Fictitious 21. It‘s harder to estimate than you may think. A. guess B. Tell C. assess D. Imagine 22. But it‘s unavoidable, so what‘s the smart way to think about it now?
商务英语期末考试参考答案 说明：商务英语期末考试有五种题型： 一、中英短语互译已经全部总结，见下文 二、问答题已经提供了参考答案，仅供参考，见下文 三、案例分析题请根据题目要求自行准备 四、英语段落翻译中文已经注明，请自己翻看商务英语教程 五、写作请根据题目要求自行准备 1、中英短语互译（详见商务英语课件——每个PPT中的短语部分） PPT1： 1. individual proprietorship个体经营，独资企业 2. convertible bonds 可转换债券 3. memorandum of association 公司章程 4. monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 5. business credit 商业信用 1. 财政资源 financial resources 2. 有限责任公司 limited company 3. 销售收入 sales revenue 4. 有形商品 tangible goods 5. 流动资金 working capital PPT2： 1. flexible manufacturing system 弹性生产系统 2. fractional reserve system 部分准备金制度
3. credit instruments 信用工具，信用票据 4. bull market/bear market 牛/熊或多头/空头市场 5. manufacturing process 制造工艺 1. 厂址选择 facility location 2. 库存控制 inventory control 3. 总支出 aggregate expenditures 4. 股权证/权益证 equity instruments 5. 财务管理 financial management PPT3： 1. performance appraisal 绩效/业绩评估 2. promotion-from-within 内部提拔 3. skills inventory 技术库存 4. macroeconomic ramification 宏观经济衍生物/结果 5. closed-end fund 封闭式基金 1. 项目生命周期 project life cycle 2. 软技能和硬技能 soft skills and hard skills 3. 补偿制度 compensation system 4. 开放式基金 open-ended fund 5. 优先股 preferred stock PP4： 1. profit-oriented objective 利润导向的目标 2. marketing intermediary 营销代理商
镇原职专17级商务英语班商务英语期末试题（卷）I. Choose the best answer. ( )1. September 10th is ____in China. A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. ( )2. ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A.Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand o ( ) have never seen ____ interesting film. A. such B. such an C. so D. such a ( ) 4. They asked___ to do the work. A.you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him ( ) 5. This book is____ that one, but____ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as ( ) 6. He speaks English___his aunt. A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best ( )7. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. ; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 8. HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese. B.also C.so D.and ( )9. — ______you help me carry these books —Sure. A. Should B. Could C. May D. Must ( )10. —Must I finish my homework today, —No, you you have to finish it tomorrow. ’t B. needn’t C. may not D. can’t ( ) uncle together with his two children every morning. running running to run to run ( ) 12. English ____ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 13. A new house ___ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 14. Where ___ these boxes made A. Was B. were C. is D. am ( ) 15. The flowers ___ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
freelance 自由职业的[?fri:lɑ:ns] You sell your work or services to a number of different companies. 自由职业 你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司 teleworking 远程工作；在家办公; You work for a company from home via email,phone or the Internet电子办公 你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作， job-sharing 分担工作制 You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. 分担工作 你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分，另一个人做另一部分 shift work 换班工作 You work during different parts of the day(eg nights).轮班工作 你在一天中的不同时段工作（如夜班） part-time 兼职;半日工作 You only work for some ot the week(not full-time).兼职工作 你只工作了一周（不是全职）。 temping 打临时工，做临时工作，打零工 You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.临时工作 你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。 c onsultancy 顾问工作，顾问职位; 咨询公司; [k?n?s?ltnsi:] You aren’t employed by a company,but are paid to give specialist advice.顾问公司；咨询公司 你不是受雇于公司，但支付给专业的意见 flextime 弹性上班制; You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish.弹性制 你每周工作几个小时或一个月，但你决定当你工作的起始时间 hot-desking 办公桌轮用制（按需要或依照轮流制度分配办公桌，而不是给每位员工桌子）; You don’t have a permanent place or office to work at,but you find a place to work when you arrive.办公桌轮用 你没有一个固定的办公地点，但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点 How to job - share Wouldn't it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Here's the essential guide to making it work. 如果工作都在星期三完成，那岂不是很好吗？有工作共享就可以做到。这里是使它工作的基本指南。 (0) Find the perfect partner Find someone you like. 'Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy.
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 商务英语（专科）2018学年第1学期 《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 年级： 考试形式：闭卷 考试时间：90分钟 Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can’t have seen 3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. shoulder 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A. in the belief that B. in order that C. on the excuse that D. on condition that 7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A. consequence B. aftermath C. results D. effect 8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in addition to D. not to mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you would think B. by what you are thinking C. that you should think D. with what you were thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. only if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom 12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests. A. when B. since C. before D. after 13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days. A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly 14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A. fierce B. strained C. eager D. critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A. smell B. sense C. hear D. tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. Write Group 1 1. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding 2. commitment B. twist; changing shape 3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something 4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate 5. distortion E. say more than the truth about something Group 2 6. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something 7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters 8. substantial C. the right or ability to control 9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others 10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importance Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each) 1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent) 2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday . (engage) 3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act) 4. _______ to say , this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again. (need) 5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)
暑期学习阶段测试三 （基础知识与商务英语衔接卷） （总分：100分）得分：一、词汇（20） （1）按要求写词语 low（反义词）----- full（反义词）---- beautiful（比较级）------- fat（最高级）----- 304（英文）------ in the 1290s（中文）----- 第二十九（英文）------ 第五（英文）---- one to one（用数字表时间）----- Three quarters past twelve （用数字表时间）------ 10:11（英文表示时间）----- 在七月一日（英文）----- ten point 0 two（小数）----- a quarter（分数）------ (2)翻译下列短语或词语 take a message ----- place an order---- Russia ----- New Zealand------ Peru---- M oscow---- 二句子应用（2’*10=20） 中译英 1.这不是我的行李，是她的。
2.我会尽快让他知道这个消息。 3.弹钢琴对我来说是很容易的。（It's +adj. for sb. to do sth.） 4.越快越好。 5. 你知道他什么时候回来吗？ 英译中 6.Do I need a reservation for the dining car? 7. Which would you prefer, a smoking seat or a non-smoking seat? 8. May I see a timetable? 9 Could you tell me my reservation number, please? 10 Will this flight leave on time? 三英语应用及常识题（30’） 中英互译1 Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade．
Part III Reading comprehension Passage 1 Richard Brasher, commercial director of Tesco?s non-food operations, is in the frame for the top job at Boots, where chief executive Steve Russell is to step down. Brasher is understood to be on a shortlist that includes Stuart Rose, the former boss of retailing group Arcadia, the Terry Duddy, chief executive of catalogue retailer Argos. Brasher is viewed as a high-flier within Tesco and is highly rated by the group?s chief executive, Terry Leahy. Boots has been looking for a chief executive and a new chairman since the middle of December, when its current chairman, John McGrath, admitted that the group had not acted fast enough to address strategic issues that were facing it. McGrath is due to step down at the end of his contract in the summer, after overseeing the search for a new chief executive. Boots has been trying to find a way to distinguish itself and its products from the increasing range carried by supermarkets. Last week Sainsbury, the food retailer, said it would be extending its own health and beauty offering after it axed a joint venture trial with Boots. Sainsbury and Boots have been working together since 2001, but Sainsbury now wants to roll out its own programme in about 50 stores. Under the original trial, Boots supplied the products, including exclusive lines, to a specific area within Sainsbury stores at nine out-of-town supermarkets. Although both sides agreed initial targets had been met, they could not agree terms to take the scheme forward. Observers suggested that the two had disagreed over sharing revenues. Boots has confirmed the departure of another senior member of management. Michael Bunting, head of treasury, will leave the company in April. Other senior staff who have left recently include Barry Clare, marketing director, and Ken Piggott, who was managing director of Boots? core business. Questions 31-35 are based on passage 1 31. Boots, according to the passage, is _______. A. a person B. a supermarket C. a hotel D. a factory 32. Richard Brasher is to ________. A. become chief executive B. be on a shortlist C. be a high-flier D. work within Tesco 33. Brasher is _______. A. scolded badly by Terry Leahy B. highly assessed by Tesco?s chief executive C. valued greatly by Tesco D. understood by Tesco 34. Sainsbury is a ________. A. person who worked with Boots B. business that wants to work with Boots C. supermarket that has developed its own program all the time D. supermarket that stopped cooperation with Boots 35. It seems that ________. A. a lot of people left Boots B. Boots is thriving quickly C. Boots has decided to reform D. Some senior staff have left or will leave Boots
《商务英语阅读》期末复习指导 一、课程说明 适于省开英语专业专科商务方向学习者使用。本课程选用的教材是由对外经济和贸易大学黄震华教授主编的《商务英语阅读》一书，中央广播电视大学2003年6月出版。共十八课，每课有正副课文各一篇，共三十六篇。 二、考试说明 考试的性质及方式：期末采用闭卷考试，时间90分钟。考核范围：广东电大编写的《商务英语阅读期末复习指导》；期末考试成绩计核方法：形成性考核成绩占30%，期末考试占70%。期末考试题型及所占比例：选择题（15%）；填空题（10%）； 翻译题（30%）；阅读理解（45%）。 三、综合复习 （一）选择题 1、C 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C 6、B 7、B 8、B 9、A 10、B 11、A 12、A 13、A 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、C 18、C 19、C 20、C 21、A 22、D 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、A 28、D 29、C 30、B 31、D 32、B 33、C 34、B 35、C 36、C 37、C 38、B 39、D 40、D （二）填空题 1．用下列词填空： 1、air-conditioned； 2、handmade; 3、thunder-struck; 4、heart-felt; 5、data-based; 6、self-employed; 7、custom-built; 8、weather-beaten 2．用下列词填空： 1. structure 2. managers 3. benefits 4. margin 5. capital market 6. investment 7. marketing concept 8. raw material 9. shareholders 10. capital
一、词汇词组（10个，英翻中） job title 职别 personnel manager 人事主管 packaging 包装 marketing director销售主管 publicity controller 宣传主管managing director 常务董事 layout 布局，安排，版面设计 house style 印刷风格，独特风格，排字风格 letterhead 信头 logo 专用标记，标记，商标 records for the files 文件记录 trade exhibition 商品交易展览会company stand 公司展位 delivery date 交货日期 printed matter 印刷品 relative merits 优缺点 head office 总公司 board 董事会 health and safety provisions 健康与安全规定 safety regulations 安全规程，安全规定 divisional personnel manager 部门人事主管 clerical grades 文书人员职系abbreviations 缩写，缩写词 make a firm offer 下订单 staff turnover 员工交替 parking lot 停车场 concentric circles 同心圆 fiscal year 财政年度，会计年度 Branch Offices 分支机构 General manager 总经理 marketing dept. 营销部 photocopying room 影印室 purchasing dept. 采购部 sales dept. 销售部 shipping agent 运货代理商 freight forwarder 货运代理行，转运行shipping lines 航运公司 customs officer 海关人员 duty checking 关税检查 Chamber of Commerce 商会 Certificate of Origin 货物原产地证明书insurance broker 保险经纪人 credit insurance 信用保险 Bill of Lading 提货单 Sea Waybill 海运单 Air Waybill 空运单 Shipping Note / Shipment Advice 装船通知单 Dangerous Goods Note 危险物品通知单 Certificate of Insurance 保险证明order book 订货簿 shipping date 船期，装船日期 money-back warranty 退款保证 Samples of Merchandise 货物样品 public relation 公共关系 in good shape 完整无损，处于良好状态，健康情况良好 sole supplier 唯一供给者 trade journal 行业杂志 yellow page 电话黄页 confirmed irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销的保兑的信用证 import license 进口许可证 special introductory price 新产品特价bill of exchange 汇票 house bills 公司汇票 inventory position (BR. stock position) 库存水平 interest charges 利息费用bad debt 呆账（收不回的账） debt collection agency 债务托收代理trade&bank reference 银行征信（银行提供有关商号信誉等情况） pay-back date 付费日期 business card 名片 二、缩写（5个） PS -- postscript p.p. -- per pro (on behalf of) c.c. or cc -- Carbon copy to (often now a photocopy) – or cubic centimeters Ref. -- Reference (number) ASAP -- as soon as possible Rd -- road CEO -- chief executive officer MD -- managing director
BEC中级reading part4选词填空题巧解 阅读第四部分应试技巧—完形填空题 （一）题型介绍 BEC Vantage阅读第四部分不仅是考查对文章的理解，还考查语法、词汇和结构，如词的搭配、固定短语等。考生首先必须阅读文章，了解文章的大意，在这个基础上再根据上下文确定最佳选择。具体而言，这部分主要考查考生以下三个方面：一是语法知识，主要包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句、强调句、倒装句等 二是词汇，包括近义词、形近词、介词搭配、形容词搭配、动词搭配、名词搭配等； 三是考生对语篇的理解和推理能力。 （二）解题技巧 以下是这部分常见解题技巧： 1．排除无关选项：把握文章的主题，将一些看上去和文章主题毫不相关的选项排除在正确答案之外。 2.把握文章结构：充分利用文章结构来做出选择。譬如总分结构，总述是分述的总结和概括，而分述又是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述中时，解出这些填空的相关已知线索很可能出现在与其对应的分述部分。 3.积累商务词汇： 4.从文章衔接入手：如果填空题中需填人的词为名词，还需要确定其单数或复数形式。要特别注意填空题后面的代词，每个代词都会表明它所代表的名词或名词短语。因此，找到填空题后面的代词，对确定所要填入的名词有很大帮助。如果是动词，也应确定其相应
的形式，如是否用第三人称单数等。 （三）答题步骤 考生可按以下步骤做题： 1.把握文章主旨：细读文章首句。与其他阅读部分不同，完形填空的第一句一般不留空白（或者空白处是例子，答案已给），是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始，通过该句预测文章主旨。然后，快速浏览全文，阅读时要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白之处，仍要快速读下去；注意找出关键词、核心词，划出承上启下的词组，以便于抓住文章主旨和线索，形成思路。 2.灵活选择答案：注意从上下文及其逻辑关系人手寻找最佳选项。先读所填词的句子及其上下文。如果一句中有两处空白，在做题时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。如果答案一时难以确定，可从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐一分析试填，从而排除干扰项，判定最佳选项。 3.速读填好的短文：考生在检查已填好的文章时应注意上下文的一致性，即时态语态的一致，代词、连词、单复数的一致；注意语法、惯用法、习惯搭配，看是否符合上下文的逻辑；同时也应注意段与段之间、句与句之间的衔接是否自然、连贯。 常考点： 1、固定搭配，尤其是动词固定搭配 2、动词加副词性小品词搭配 3、词的辨析 4、选在商务英语中经常考察的词，不要选自己不认识的词，不要想得太复杂 5、常考词 1）Base \basis On the basis of\be based on\customer base\manufacture base\skill base\use base其他情况使
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，