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新版新目标英语八年级下册unit9知识点总结

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

Section A

1.ever 曾经(用于现在完成时。ever用于疑问句、否定句)

Have you ever seen the film?No, never.

2.have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析:

(1)have/ has been to + 地名曾经去过某地, 现在已经回到原地。

He has been to England twice.他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了)

Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你到过长城吗?(现在已经不在长城上)

(2)have gone to 已经去某地了,说话时该人不在现场。

He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上)

(3)have been in +地点待在某地,常与时间段搭配。

I have been in Shanghai for three years.

2. 在英语中,表示“也”的知识归纳如下:

主语+ neither

A. 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语

完整的否定句后加either,但要加逗号隔开。

He didn’t go to school. 他没有去上学。Me neither. =Neither did I.= I didn’t go to school , either.

主语+ too

B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语

完整的肯定句后加too,且要用逗号隔开。

He is a good student.Me too.=So am I =I’m a good student, too.

3. (1) Let’s 中的us 包括对方,反意疑问句用shall we

Let’s go and listen to the music, _________?

(2)Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will you

Let us wait for you in the reading room, _________?

(3) Let sb. do sth 让某人做某事(sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式)

4. go somewhere 形容词修饰不定代词/副词,放在不定代词之后。

【注】somewhere 表达地点时,前面不用介词。Go and paly somewhere else.

不定副词:somewhere , anywhere, nowhere

somewhere 在某处用在肯定句中

anywhere 无论何处用在否定句或疑问句中

nowhere 在什么地方都不否定词,=not…anywhere

everywhere 各处,到处=here and there

不定副词被定语修饰时,定语必须放在其后somewhere warm 暖和的地方

5. It’s really interesting, isn’t it?

【反意疑问句】

(1)定义:即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。

(2)结构:陈述句+ 附加疑问句?It’s hot today ,isn’t it ?

(3)原则:1.前肯后否,前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致

(4)做题方法

A. 找动词

如果句中有助动词、情态动词、be动词,反意疑问句中也相应的用助动词、情态动词、be动词。

He is a student ,__________?

如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、be动词,只有实义动词时,就要借助助动词。

She often get up at 6:30 every morning,_______?

B.判断句子是肯定还是否定,“前肯后否,前否后肯” The students have planted many trees,______?

C.反意疑问句的主语必须转换成人称代词主格。The boy can’t swim,_______?

6. invent v 发明→inventor n 发明家→ invention n 发明

【记】Edison , a great _________, ________over 1’000______ all his life.(invent)

invent 发明指事物从无到有(客观上没有)

discover 发现强调事物本身存在,只不过从“未知”到“已知”(客观上以前存在)

7.lead →led→ led v引导,引诱→ leader n领导人

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马

(1)lead to sth 导致……

(2) lead sb. to sw 引导某人去某地

(3) lead sb. to do sth 引导某人干某事

8. take (took , taken) v 乘,坐,搭(车,船)

take the/a +交通工具+to +地点乘坐……(放于句中) 动词短语在句中做谓语

take the subway 乘地铁take the train 乘火车

take the bus 乘公共汽车take the taxi 打的

9.put up 搭起;举起;张贴

put away 把…收起来put on 穿上put up 张贴put out 熄灭put…into…把……放进

put down 放下

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9311978537.html,rmation信息;资料

(1) information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词;

a piece of information 一条信息

You can get much information on the Internet

(2)message消息、口信、电报指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息,为可数名词;

I’ll leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。

(3) news新闻,消息, 指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息,为不可数名词。

a piece of news 一则新闻

No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息

11.unbelievable 难以置信的;不真实的(反)believe

believe +able = believable 可信的un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的

12. progress v进步;进展n(不可数n)

make progress 取得进步make progress in 在......方面取得进步

I have made much progress in English.

13.rapid adj.迅速的;快速的= quick /fast

He has made rapid progress in his studies.

rapid 强调反应“敏捷”等She made a rapid decision.

quick 强调时间“短“ There will be a quick visit.

fast 强调速度“快”I can run fast .

14.wonder

(1) v想要知道= want to know 后接从句,也可接疑问词+不定式

I wonder who she is. I wonder what to do next.

(2) n. 惊奇;奇观the seven wonders of the world

【记】I wondered how on earth this wonder was built. 他想知道这个奇观究竟是怎么样建成的。

15.unusual adj.特别的;不同寻常的(反)usual

an unusual experience 不同寻常的经历

un + adj. unhappy unfortunate uneasy unlucky

unable unfriendly unimportant

13. I just couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw so many different kinds of toilets there.

当我看到那里有如此多不同的厕所的时候,我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。

couldn’t believe my eyes. 无法相信我的眼睛(表示惊讶)

14. encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人

15. social 社会的→ society n 社会→socialist 社会主意者social problem 社会问题

16. peaceful adj. 和平的,安宁的

peace n 和平→ peaceful adj. 和平的→ peacefully adv 和平地

beauty n 美丽→beautiful adj. 美丽的help n 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的

use n 用途→useful adj. 有用的thank n感谢→thankful adj. 感激的

17.performan v 表演;演出performance n 演出;表演musical performance 音乐演奏

18.perfect adj. 完美的Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧

19. tea sets 茶具

(1) tea sets 茶具the tea art 茶艺the tea art performance 茶艺表演

(2)green tea 绿茶black tea 红茶milk tea 奶茶Oolong tea 乌龙茶

(3)make tea 泡茶serve tea to ... 给.......敬茶

20.itself 它自己反身代词

(1)反身代词的构成

一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成

单数myself yourself

复数ourselves yourselves

第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves

单数:himself herself itself

复数:themselves

(2)反身代词的常见搭配:

enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴

by oneself =alone 独自

teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学

help oneself to 随便吃

introduce oneself to 自我介绍

hurt oneself 伤到自己

(3) 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。

21.

collect v 收集→ collection n 收藏

→collector n 收藏家

collect stamps /coins 收集邮票/硬币 have a collection of books 收藏书

【记】He is a famous ____________ and he has _________ a lot of _________(collect).

22.German 德国人 (pl) Germans

国家 国籍形容词 居民 语言

中国China 中国的Chinese 中国人Chinese 汉语Chinese 英国England 英国的English 英国人Englishman 英语English 日本 Japan

日本的Japanese

日本人Japanese

日语 Japanese

加拿大Canada 加拿大的Canadian 加拿大人Canadian 英语/法语English/French 美国(America ) The United States

美国的American 美国人American 英语English

澳大利亚Australia 澳大利亚Australian 澳大利亚人Australian 英语English

23.right now

(1)现在= at the moment 可用于一般现在时或现在进行时

They are listening to the concert right now. (2)立刻;马上 I ’ll do it right now.

24.walk around 四处走动

around 作介词/副词,常与下列动词搭配使用。 go around 四处走动; look around 环顾;参观

travel around 到处旅游 show sb around sp. 带领某人参观某地

25.hear of 听说 listen to/hear

(1)listen/listen to 听,侧重听的“过程” (2)hear 听,侧重听的“结果”

hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 I often hear him sing in the room. hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 I hear him singing in the room hear of/about 听说

hear from =receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信

I’m sorry to hear t hat.听到这件事我很难过(指听到别人不幸的消息时的用语)

26.take a ride 兜风 take ( took , taken ) v (vt) (1). 拿,带;吃,喝,吸入;坐,搭 (2). 做某些动作,需要

take away 拿走 take care (=be careful=look out) take (good) care of (好好)照顾,照料 take down 取下来 take out 拿出 take off 脱下;飞机(等起飞) take one's time 别着急,慢慢来 take one's temperature 量体温 take a walk 散步, take a rest 休息一下,10. take a look 看一看

improve oneself 提高自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下 lose oneself in 沉迷于 say to oneself 自言自语 for oneself 为了某人自己 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服

27.a couple of 两个;几个

a couple of 通常指同类事物中的任意两个或几个,不一定是成对的使用

a pair of “一双(对、副......) ,通常指成对使用的的东西。如一双鞋等

There are a couple of beds in the room.

This pair of shoes is a bit small for me.

Section B-self Check

1. how long 问时间多久,多长

how far 问路程多远how old问年龄多少岁

how often 问频率多久一次how much 问价格多少how many + n复数多少2. thousands of 数以千记的;许许多多的

hundred n 百hundreds of 数以百的

thousand n 千thousands of成千上万的

million n 百万millions of成百万的

【注】:(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式

(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式,

millions of 是数百万的意思,前面不能加数词

【口诀】:具体的不加s 也不加of,不具体的加s 也加of

3.safe adj.安全的→ safety n. 安全→safely adv

safety belt 安全带safety first 安全第一

4.on the one hand …,on the other hand ……一方面……,另一方面……

(该短语常并列使用,用于列举原因,情况等)

5. three quarters 四分之三(分数表达法)

【分数词的表达法】:

(1)结构:

a.分子用基数词,分母用序数词.

分子(基数词) 1

分母(序数词) 4 =one fourth = one quarter

b.当分子大于1时,分母为序数词加s.

? = three fourths = three quarters

(2)注意: 分数词的几种特殊形式.

1/3—one third = a third 1/4—one fourth = a quarter

1/2—one second = a half 3/4—three fourths = three quarters

(3)分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.

不可数名词+动词单三形式

分数+ of +

可数名词+ 动词变复数形式

Two fifths of the milk ______(be ) drunk by Tom .

One third of the students _______(be )girls .

6. simple 仅仅;只;不过simply adv 仅仅= just / only

7. English-speaking 讲英语的

8. practice v 练习;实践

practice sth 练习某物/事practice doing sth练习做某事

9. have problems /trouble / difficulty (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难

10.whether 是否;不管……(还是);或者……(或者),常与or连用。

引导让步状语从句,从句用一般现在时。

Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.

11.Japanese n 日本人;日语(pl) Japanese adj. 日本的,日语的;日本人的

12.might 可能may 的过去式,表推测He might come today

13.fox → (pl) foxes old foxes 老狐狸;老油条

A fox may grow grey, but never good. 江山易改本性难移

14.during 在……期间

during prep. 在…..期间, during the concert 在音乐会期间

during + 时间段与延续性动词连用表示某段时间的动作

during the daytime = in the daytime/day 在白天

15.sleep

sleep / asleep 辨析

(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉,指睡的动作状态,

(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡,强调进入睡眠的状态

(3)go to bed 上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。

【记】He went to bed at ten last night , but he didn’t go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours. sleep (slept; slept) v睡觉→sleepy adj. 困倦的;疲惫的

sleepy “困倦的”可做表语和定语feel sleepy 感到疲倦

sleeping “熟睡的“可做定语和表语the sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿

asleep “睡着的”, 只做表语fall asleep 入睡

16. (it’s)time to do sth 到了该做某事的时候了

17. choose →chose→chosen v. 选择→ choice n. 选择

This is a correct choice.

choose to do sth 选择做某事

18.whenever = no matter when任何时候

19. spring n 春天Spring Festival 春节n 泉水

A year’s plan starts with spring 一年之计在于春

If winter comes, can spring be far behind? — P .B Shelley.

20. close adj. 离......近,与.......亲近的

(1) v 关(反)open →closed adj.关的

(2)adj.密切的be close to … a close friend 一个亲密的朋友

My home is close to the school.

(3)adv. 接近地靠近地

Today I come close to be late.

(4)open v开→ open adj. 开着的close v 关→closed 关闭的

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