2012年考研《政治》考前知识点预测(4)
(一)我国宪法规定的基本制度
1.宪法的特征和基本原则
(1)宪法的特征
第一，在内容上，宪法规定国家生活中最根本最重要的方面。
第二，在效力上，宪法的法律效力最高。
第三，在制定和修改程序上，宪法比其他法律更为严格。
(2)宪法的基本原则
①党的领导原则
②人民主权原则
③公民权利原则
④法治原则
⑤民主集中制原则
2.我国的国家制度
(1)人民民主专政制度
(2)人民代表大会制度
(3)中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
(4)民族区域自治制度
(5)基层群众自治制度
(6)基本经济制度
3.我国公民的基本权利和义务
(1)我国公民的基本权利
第一，平等权。
是公民实现其他权利的前提与基础。
第二，政治权利和自由。
第三，宗教信仰自由。
第四，人身自由权。
狭义的人身自由主要指公民的身体不受非法侵犯，广义的人身自由则还包括与狭义人身自由相关联的人格尊严、住宅不受侵犯、通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护等与公民个人生活有关的权利和自由。
第五，批评、建议、申诉、控告、检举权和取得国家赔偿权。
第六，社会经济权。
主要包括：一是财产权，二是劳动权，三是休息权，四是物质帮助权。
第七，文化教育权。
第八，特定主体权利。
宪法中的这些特定主体具体是指妇女、离退休人员、军烈属、母亲、儿童、老人、青少年、华侨等。
(2)我国公民的基本义务
第一，维护国家统一和全国各民族团结。
第二，遵守宪法和法律。
第三，维护祖国的安全、荣誉和利益。
第四，保卫祖国、依法服兵役和参加民兵组织。
第五，依法纳税。
第六，其他义务。除上述义务外，我国《宪法》还规定，夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务，父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。
4.我国的国家机构
(1)全国人民代表大会
全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会的职权包括行使国家立法权，选举、决定和罢免国家机关领导人，决定国家重大事项，监督其他国家机关的工作等。
(2)中华人民共和国主席
行使公布法律、任免国务院组成人员等重要职权。
(3)国务院
中华人民共和国国务院即中央人民政府，是最高国家权力机关的执行机关，是最高国家行政机关。国务院实行总理负责制，对全国人大及其常委会负责并报告工作。
(4)中央军事委员会
我国《宪法》规定：“中华人民共和国中央军事委员会领导全国武装力量。”中央军事委员会是全国武装力量的最高领导机关。
(5)地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府
省、自治区、直辖市、自治州、县、市、自治县、市辖区、乡、民族乡、镇设立人民代表大会。地方各级人民政府是地方各级国家权力机关的执行机关，是地方各级国家行政机关。
(6)民族自治地方的自治机关
民族自治地方的自治机关是自治区、自治州、自治县的人民代表大会和人民政府，根据本地方实际情况制定自治条例和单行条例。
(7)人民法院和人民检察院
我国《宪法》规定：“中华人民共和国人民法院是国家的审判机关。”“中华人民共和国人民检察院是国家的法律监督机关。”
(二)我国的实体法律制度
1.民商法律制度
(1)民法的基本原则
一是平等原则
二是自愿原则
三是公平原则
四是诚实信用原则
五是禁止权利滥用原则
(2)民事主体制度
民事主体是指在民事法律关系中独立享有民事权利和承担民事义务的公民(自然人)、法人和其他组织。自然人是指依自然规律出生而取得民事主体资格的人。
法人是指具有民事权利能力和民事行为能力，依法独立享有民事权利和承担民事义务的组织。
其他组织是指不具有法人资格，但可以自己的名义进行民事活动的组织。它主要包括合伙、个人独资企业、个体工商户、农村承包经营户等。
(3)民事行为制度
民事法律行为应当具备下列条件：行为人具有相应的民事行为能力;意思表示真实;不违反法律或者社会公共利益。
(4)民事权利制度
民事权利可以分为财产权和非财产权两大类。我国民法所规定的民事权利，主要有物权、债权、知识产权、继承权、人身权等。
(5)民事责任制度
我国《民法通则》以民事责任发生的原因为标准，将其分为违反合同的民事责任和侵权的民事责任两类。
根据《民法通则》的规定，承担民事责任的方式主要有：停止侵害，排除妨害，消除危险，返还财产，恢复原状，修理、重作、更换，赔偿损失，支付违约金，消除影响、恢复名誉，赔礼道歉等。
(6)民事诉讼时效制度
诉讼时效分为普通诉讼时效和特殊诉讼时效两类。诉讼时效期间从权利人知道或者应当知道权利被侵害时起计算。但是，从权利被侵害之日起超过20年的，法律不予保护。
(7)合同法律制度
《合同法》规定，当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。
(8)知识产权法律制度
我国关于知识产权的立法主要有《著作权法》、《专利法》、《商标法》等专门法律和其他法律的有关规定。
(9)商事法律制度
我国的商法是民商法律部门的重要组成部分，包括公司、证券、票据、保险等法律制度。
2.我国的行政法律制度
(1)行政法的原则
我国行政法的基本原则就是依法行政或行政法治原则，可分解为行政合法性原则和行政合理性原则等
(2)国家行政机关与公务员
国家行政机关是国家权力机关的执行机关。我国的国家行政机关体系由中央行政机关和地方行政机关组成。
公务员应当具备下列条件：具有中华人民共和国国籍，年满18周岁，拥护中华人民共和国宪法，具有良好的品行，具有正常履行职责的身体条件，具有符合职位要求的文化程度和工作能力，法律规定的其他条件。
(3)行政行为
(4)行政责任
(5)行政处罚与行政复议
3.我国的经济法律制度
(1)我国经济法原则
一是国家适度干预原则;二是效率公平原则;三是可持续发展原则
(2)消费者权益保护法律制度
(3)税收法律制度
4.我国的刑事法律制度
(1)刑法的原则
一是罪刑法定原则。二是罪刑相当原则。三是适用刑法一律平等原则。
(2)犯罪构成与刑罚体系
犯罪构成包括：
犯罪主体(自然人和单位);
犯罪主观方面(犯罪故意和犯罪过失);
犯罪客体(犯罪行为所危害的社会关系);
犯罪客观方面(危害行为、危害结果)。
《刑法》明文规定了两种排除犯罪的事由，即正当防卫和紧急避险。
主刑是指对犯罪分子独立适用的主要刑罚方法，包括管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑与死刑。
附加刑是指补充主刑适用的刑罚方法。它既可以作为主刑的附加刑，也可以独立适用。《刑法》规定的附加刑有罚金、剥夺政治权利、没收财产以及适用于犯罪的外国人的驱逐出境。
(三)我国的程序法律制度
1.民事诉讼法律制度
2.行政诉讼法律制度
3.刑事诉讼法律制度
在我国，行政诉讼、民事诉讼和刑事诉讼并称为三大诉讼，是国家诉讼制度的基本形式。
4.仲裁和调解制度
(1)仲裁法的基本原则
自愿原则;根据事实、符合法律规定、公平合理地解决纠纷原则;独立仲裁原则。
(2)我国的调解制度包括人民调解、行政调解、司法调解等。
2019考研英语二小作文话题预测及范文指导【六篇】 一、信函写作：称呼、正文、落款 1、审题—-判断是个人书信&事务公函 决定： 语域使用：正式：使用礼貌表达，不用缩略语(对公) 半正式：能够使用缩略和口语表达(对私) 非正式：(一般不考)——It depends 呼语：特定的写信对象：Dear XX 不明确收信人：Dear Sir/Madam, or To Whom It May Concern 2、正文 三段(8句)：写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。 3、各种信函内容安排 A.基本结构 Dear…, 发出邀请; 为何邀请细节; 期望参加。 Yours sincerely, Li Ming B.常用句型
We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/senar in (place) on (date) at (time). Would you like to come? (不太正式) It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in (place) on (date) at (time). We would be too glad to invite you as… (正式) I very much hope that you will accept the invitation. And I am looking forward to hearing back from you. C.下面以一封邀请看电影的短信为例： Dear Jane, We have four tickets for a famous film shown at Guangming Cinema, The Longest Day, Friday, the ninth. Will you join us? We’ll be looking for you at eight sharp Friday night in front of the cinema, so don’t disappoint us! Warmest regards. Alice 【必备表达】 1、邀请目的 On behalf of…, I have the honor to invite you to… It is with the great pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to… It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to… We should be very grateful if you could… 2、活动安排
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语作文：网络类范文 作文预测 大作文话题类型：1. 抽象品质; 2. 社会现象类 3. 社会问题类 预测话题包括：1. 网络类(网购、微博、微信等新现象);2. 抽象品质类(梦想与行动、创新、 诚信等)3. 环境类(节约型社会、交通状况、动物/资源保护等)4. 社会现象类(剽窃，明星代言、真人秀等) 预测作文范文 网络类(网购、微博、微信等新现象) What is subtly demonstrated in the above drawing is that in front of a desktop sits a fashionable lady who is staring at the screen with shocked expression wearing on cheeks and huge sweat dropping from her forehead. What is spit from the computer is the lengthy Alipay bill, which can almost be spread as long as two meters. The caption above reads that you should keep away from Taobao and cherish your income. The objective of the drawer is to show us that utmost attention should be paid to shopping online, which has exerted profound impact on the daily life of the average individuals. We can easily recognize its advantages: e-commerce, which is extremely convenient, can save us a great amount of precious time and we can buy products everywhere we want as long as we can surf online. However, for all the advantages mentioned above, online trading is by no means without its limitations: we may be cheated by some online retailers, which might be a potential threat to our bank accounts. Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict legislations to severely punish those who deliberately spoil the interests of online customers. For another, we should enhance the awareness of residents that rational purchasing is conducive to our income management. Only in this way can we maximize the merits and minimize the demerits of online purchasing.
Text 1 ①Come on—Everybody's doing it. ②That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. ③It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. ④But in her new book, Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world. ①Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. ②In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. ①The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. ②Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. ③“Dare to be different, please don't smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. ④Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. ①But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. ②Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. ③The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. ④Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. ⑤Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. ①There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. ②An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. ③This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. ①Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. ②It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. ③The tactic never really works. ④And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
考研英语大小作文预测及写作要点指导 考研英语小作文预测 一．申请信（及回复信） 模板句型： 开头句：传达写作目的 I am writing in response to your advertisement in … I am writing to express my interest in… I would like to apply for … 结束句：表达希望与感谢 Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to meeting you in the near future. Your prompt response will be much appreciated. I should be pleased to attend for an interview at your convenience, when I could give you further details concerning myself. （注：申请信，求职信，推荐信写法相似。每篇开头都要点明目的，但是主体部分都可以从个人能力教育背景来说，注意申请信是以第一人称来写，而推荐信是以第三人称来写。）二．投诉信（及回复信） 模板句型： 开头句：说明投诉问题 I feel something should be done about… I am writing to inform you that I find…unsatisfactory… 结尾局：期待解决方案 I would be very grateful if you could look into the matter as soon as possible. And I am looking forward to an early reply. I believe you will take my complaints seriously, I would ask you to give back my money, or I would file my complaint to the authorities concerned. 三．邀请信（及回复信） 模板句型： 开头句：说明邀请目的 On behalf of…, I have the honor to invite you to… It is with the great pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to… 结尾句：期盼回复 I do hope that you will be able to come. We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your company. 四．推荐信 模板句型：
考研英语二图表作文预测：全国出境游 Topic 3: The boom of overseas traveling industry From the bar chart given above, we can observe that the number of people traveling abroad experienced some changes during the past several years. From 1999 to 2000, the number of Chinese people traveling abroad increased rapidly from 7.5 million to 10 million, and then to 12.1 million in 2001. The bar chart reveals that people in mounting numbers are going to travel abroad. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, the authorities have issued some preferential policies to promote the development of the overseas tourism industry, which encourages a sudden emergence of travel agencies that can provide customers with convenient overseas tourism services. Additionally, with the improvement of financial status and purchasing power, a considerable number of Chinese people can afford the once-deemed-expensive traveling expenses. Last but not least, as there exists huge difference in cultures, customs and landscapes between China and overseas countries, quite a few people hold that overseas traveling is not only a perfect way to relax oneself, but also enrich their knowledge and expand their horizons. By observing the past trends, we may forecast that the growth tendency will continue. However，it is also a highly variable industry
2020考研英语作文预测及写作思路 思路点拨 图画中的一只小绵羊，正呆在一块大石头的阴影下面。但是它乐观、豁达地认为，有阴影，那么就说明有阳光。这幅图无疑向我们 传达了一种健康的人生哲学：乐观生活、达观处世。由于这是一篇 人生哲理类文章，所以文章安排可以相对自由一些： 第一段：描述图画;第二段：利用正反举例论证悲观与乐观的差 距+总结句;第三段：倡导一种乐观生活、达观处世的人生态度和人 生哲学。思维拓展 本文也可以从世界观、人生观的角度入手。 相反，如果是一幅表明悲观厌世的图片，我们也可以采取同样的手法进行处理。 高分范文 Asisapparentlyrevealedinthecartoonabove，thesheepliveshappilyinanoptimisticstateofmind，ignoringthethreatofadarkshade，becausehebelievesthatwherethereisshadow，thereissunshine①。Whatisconveyedinthepictureisbothpositiveandilluminating. Asfarasthepurposeofthedrawerisconcerned，Ithinkheintendstoremindusoftheimportanceofoptimism.Iftheshe epinthecartoonfeelsanxiousandpessimisticaboutthedarkshadeal ldaylong， hecanbynomeanshaveacomfortableandhappylife.Exampleslikethis arenumerous，butIthinkthefollowingonewillbeconvincingenough.Ifthereishal facupofwater，thepessimistmaycryoveritbecausetheyhaveonlyahalf，
2012年考研英语完形填空 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. Thecourt cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor beingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes itless likely that the court’s de cisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is thatthe justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpower andhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfro mpoliticsprecisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16 _isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_ tothecode of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated
2020考研英语小作文押题预测：求学信 求学信 Directions: You want to studyat a certain foreign university. Write a letter to ask about the situationthere as regards accommodation and fees, possible scholarships, and whatqualifications one needs for acceptance. Dear Sir or Madam, I am a Chinese student who wish to apply foradmission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course nextterm, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me withcertain essential information. First, what qualifications do I need to follow acourse of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there areany further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to beself-supporting, I would be interested
2012年考研英语(二)真题试题及答案 Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
2016考研英语（一）图画作文终极预测 Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. From the picture above, we can see thateach building is tremblingwith people’s coughing and seriously polluted air permeates around the buildings. With the deepening of urbanization,more factories are built and more cars are needed. Consequently, coal-burning is increasing and vehicle exhaust is surging up, which makes the air dirtier and dirtier, bringing severe damage to people’s health. In the interests of human beings and the environment, we must take some measures to curb the trend of air worsening. Firstly, we should take mass transit instead of driving a car. According to a recent study, vehicle exhaust is a main source of air pollution, so if vehicle exhaust reduces, the air will become cleaner.Secondly, more environment-friendly energy which does no harm to the air should be researched and applied in production and life. Last but not the least, more trees should be planted to absorb the tiny dust in the air, which surely will make the air cleaner. In short, it is every person’s responsiblity and duty to make the air cleaner. If everybody makes his effort for the environment, bluer sky and cleaner air can be expected soon and we can have the APEC blue everyday. 一、考研英语考什么 在备考之前，先要了解一下考研英语都考哪些题型，因为有同学之前问听力怎么复习、口语如何提高之类，了解只清楚之后才不至于南辕北辙走冤枉路。考研英语考五大题型：阅读、写作、翻译、新题型、完形填空。阅读是占的分值比例最大的模块，2/5的比例，每个小题2分，每篇文章设有5个题目，共有4篇文章；写作中大作文英语一是图画作文，一般围绕社会现象，20分，英语二是图表作文，15分，小作文均为10分；翻译英语一是从一篇文章里划出5句话让翻译，10分，英语二是段落翻译，15分；新题型英语一为七选五、小标题、排序题，英语二为多项对应（连线题）、小标题、正误判断，都为10分；完形填空每个0.5分，20个小题。 二、阶段备考安排 考研过程一般分为基础、强化、冲刺。在寒假阶段，建议大家着手准备单词，基础不错的可以自己准备，基础不好的，可以报个词汇班，比如刘一男的课程，比较生动有趣，结合
2020年考研英语二作文预测(小作文)第一部分：作文预测 应用文考察类型：书信 预测书信种类：建议信、道歉信、邀请信、请求信、推荐信、祝贺信 第二部分：部分预测作文范文（划线部分为建议背诵句型，括号内容为能够替换内容） 书信作文预测：建议信、道歉信、请求信、询问信、邀请信、申请信 建议信、道歉信、邀请信、请求信、推荐信、祝贺信 建议信 Write a letter to your university canteen, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET . Dear Sir or Madam, I am a student of our university, who often have meals in our canteen. Generally speaking, our canteen provides quite good food. However, I still have some suggestions for you to make our canteen more popular among students. To begin with, I wonder whether you could provide more varieties of food. We do not have many options when eating in our canteen now. To continue, some students have complained about the price of the food there, would you please lower it down?
2018考研英语作文预测：投诉模板+范文 投诉信模板 Dear _______ , ①I am _______(写信人的身份). ②I venture to write you a letter about _______(抱怨的内容). ③The focus of the complaint is _______(抱怨内容的核心点). ④For one thing _______(抱怨内容一个方面). ⑤For another , _______(抱怨内容的另一个方面). ⑥Honestly speaking , _______(客观的评论). ⑦But _______(抱怨产生的原因). ⑧All in all , there is still much room for improvement . ⑨Before I take any further action , I do hope _______(表达本人的愿望). Sincerely yours , Li Ming 投诉信写作指导及范文 投诉信是对于产品、服务等的不满意，进而需要写出自己的意见和要求。 第一段需写写信的目的以及自己的一个概括的期望：常用套话比如I venture to write to complain about ……+定语从句;I would be grateful if you could do anything necessary to solve the problem
facing me. 第二段阐述两、三方面所面临的产品或服务的问题及后果：there are several aspects underlying this complaint. For one thing,......For another,......In addition,...... 第三段给出具体的期望，比如退款或更换新产品：It is my sincere hope that you could give me full refund or replace it with a new one. Your kind reply to this letter at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated. 【必备表达】 1、说明投诉问题 I am writing to inform(告知，代替tell)you that I find…unsatisfactory… I am writing to express/ air dissatisfaction/ disappointment/ concern regarding … 2、期待解决方案 I hope you will take steps to rectify(纠正、改善，代替improve) this situation soon. I believe you will take my complaints seriously. I would ask you to give back my money, or I would file my complaint(投诉) to the authorities concerned(相关部门). To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve the situation/crack this hard nut(解决问题), I hope to draw the attention