VRML虚拟现实开发文档(含源代码)

实验一创建VRML基本形体一、实验目的：掌握创建虚拟现实基本形体的方法与步骤二、试验内容：1）创建基本形体2）复杂形体（包括点线面形体）3）运用网格造型模拟地形表面4）运用基础造型节点模型模拟圆环、圆台、圆锥等5）练习使用文字造型节点三、试验步骤：（1）创建基本形体，其代码如下所示：#VRML V2.0 utf8Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material {shininess 0.1diffuseColor 0.1 0.44 0.22}}geometry Box {size 2 1 1}}（2）复杂形体（包括点线面形体）①点形体代码如下所示：#VRML V2.0 utf8Background {skyColor [0 0 0]}Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material {emissiveColor 1 1 1}}geometry PointSet {coord Coordinate {point [0 3 03 0 00 -3 0-3 0 00 0 3]}}}②线形体代码如下所示：#VRML V2.0 utf8Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material {emissiveColor 1 1 1}}geometry IndexedLineSet {coord Coordinate {point [0 3 03 0 00 -3 0-3 0 00 0 3]}coordIndex [0 3 4 -13 24 -12 1 4 -11 0 4 -1]}}③面造形代码如下所示：#VRML V2.0 utf8Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material {diffuseColor 1 1 1}}geometry IndexedFaceSet {coord Coordinate {point [0 3 03 0 00 -3 0-3 0 00 0 3]}coordIndex [0 3 4 -13 24 -12 1 4 -11 0 4 -10 1 2 3]}}（3）运用网格造型模拟地形表面，其代码如下所示：（4）运用基础造型节点模型模拟圆环、圆台、圆锥等，其代码如下所示：（5）练习使用文字造型节点，其代码如下所示：四、试验结果：（1）基本形体效果如图1所示。

VRML什么是 VRML？VRML（Virtual Reality Modeling Language）是一种用于描述3D图形和多媒体的编程语言。

它是一种基于文本的标记语言，用于创建虚拟现实（VR）环境，使用户能够在计算机中沉浸式地体验3D场景。

VRML最初由Silicon Graphics公司于1994年推出，被定义为ISO标准（ISO/IEC 14772）。

它的目标是向Web浏览器添加3D图形功能，以便人们可以通过互联网访问和交互式地浏览虚拟3D环境。

VRML的特点和功能•描述三维图形和交互性：VRML可以用于描述物体的形状、纹理、材质和位置等，以及用户与物体之间的交互行为，例如单击、拖动、旋转等。

•可移植性：VRML文件可以在多个平台和设备上运行，并且与不同的Web浏览器兼容。

这使得用户可以轻松地在不同的操作系统和设备上获取相同的虚拟现实体验。

•开放性和扩展性：VRML是一个开放标准，可以通过扩展来支持新的功能和技术。

用户可以自定义节点、传感器和动画等，以创建更复杂的3D场景和交互效果。

•轻量级和高效性：与其他3D图形格式相比，VRML 文件相对较小，加载速度快。

这对于在互联网上传输和浏览大规模3D场景非常重要。

VRML文件结构VRML文件由一系列的节点组成，每个节点都有一个节点类型和一组字段。

节点类型定义了节点的功能和属性，而字段用于存储节点的值。

以下是一个简单的VRML文件示例：#VRML V2.0 utf8#声明一个场景节点DEF SCENE Scene {#声明一个转换节点Transform {#定义平移变换属性translation 0 0 -2#定义旋转变换属性rotation 0 1 0 0#定义缩放变换属性scale 1 1 1#声明一个形状节点Shape {#定义外观属性appearance Appearance {#定义材质属性material Material {diffuseColor 1 0 0}}#定义几何体属性geometry Box {size 1 1 1}}}}在上面的示例中，SCENE是场景节点，Transform是转换节点，Shape是形状节点，Appearance是外观节点，Material是材质节点，Box是几何体节点。

虚拟现实游戏开发范本虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，简称VR）技术是一种让用户通过佩戴头戴式显示设备进入计算机模拟的虚拟环境的技术。

虚拟现实游戏作为VR技术的一个重要应用领域，已经引发了广泛的关注和兴趣。

本文将为您介绍虚拟现实游戏的开发范本，以帮助开发人员更好地理解和应用该技术。

1. 背景介绍虚拟现实游戏的开发需要提前明确背景介绍，包括游戏的主题、故事背景、游戏世界设定等。

这些内容将为游戏的开发工作提供指导和创意支持。

2. 游戏机制设计游戏机制是指游戏中的基本规则和操作方式。

在虚拟现实游戏的开发中，需要对游戏机制进行精心设计，以保证游戏的可玩性和互动性。

例如，游戏可能需要支持玩家在虚拟环境中进行物品收集、战斗、解谜等操作。

3. 角色设计虚拟现实游戏中的角色设计是一个重要的环节。

开发人员需要设计各种角色的外观、能力和特点，以及角色之间的相互关系。

这将增加游戏的代入感和可玩性。

4. 场景设计虚拟现实游戏的场景设计至关重要。

开发人员需要通过模型和贴图等技术手段，创建逼真的游戏环境。

同时，为了提供良好的游戏体验，场景要设计合理，包括地形、道具、光照效果等。

5. 用户交互设计用户交互设计是虚拟现实游戏开发中必不可少的一环。

通过手柄、体感器或者语音识别等技术手段，让玩家能够与虚拟环境进行互动和沟通。

良好的用户交互设计能够提高游戏的易操作性和可玩性。

6. 声音设计声音是虚拟现实游戏中重要的表现手段之一。

逼真的音效能够增加游戏的沉浸感，让玩家更加身临其境。

开发人员可以通过录音和混音等方式，为游戏添加合适的音效。

7. 优化与测试虚拟现实游戏的开发过程中，优化和测试是不可忽视的环节。

优化可以针对游戏进行性能优化、降低延迟等，以提升游戏的流畅度和稳定性。

测试工作则需要确保游戏没有明显的错误和漏洞，以提供良好的游戏体验。

8. 上线与运营在虚拟现实游戏开发完成后，需要进行上线和运营工作。

这包括游戏的发布、营销推广、用户支持等。

VRML虚拟现实场景设计及动态仿真的实现VRML virtual reality scene design And dynamic simulation to achieve学院：信息科学与工程学院专业班级：计算机1001学号：100405116学生姓名：魏国亮指导教师：刘阳（副教授）2014年6月摘要虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，VR）是由美国VPL公司的Jaron Laniner在1989年创造的一个新词。

它通常是指采用头盔显示器，数据手套等一系列新型交互设备构造出的用以体验或感知虚拟境界的一种计算机软件，硬件环境，用户使用这些高级设备以自然的技能（如头的转动，身体的运动以及人类的自然语言等）向计算机发送各种指令，并得到环境对用户，视觉，听觉，触觉等多种感官信息的实时反馈。

世界上首个具有虚拟现实思想的装置是由Morton Heilig在1962年研制成功的，它是一种被称之为Sensorma的具有多种感官刺激的全景式立体电影设备。

该设备主要由三维视频（由一对并排的35mm摄像机同时拍摄）组成，并具有立体声功能，能产生不同的气味，能产生自然风的吹拂，座椅还可以随剧情的变化震动。

这所有的一切都使电影观看者这是体验到骑着摩托车漫游纽约市区，看见高楼，听见鸟语，闻到花香，和风吹拂面庞以及不时颠簸所带来的神奇感受。

自20世纪90年代以来，虚拟现实技术一直是信息领域研究、开发和应用的热点方向之一。

它借助计算机构建出一个与现实环境十分逼真的虚拟环境，而且支持用户使用自然的技能亲身感受它。

目前己经广泛应用于军事、科学计算可视化、教育与培训、设计与规划、虚拟测试、虚拟游览、购物、交互式娱乐、工程技术、科技探索等多方面领域。

本文介绍了使用虚拟建模语言VRML来构建的3D虚拟场景的技术和它在虚拟风力发电厂环境中的动态仿真的实现。

用虚拟现实语言构建风力发电厂可以在风力电厂竣工前就可以提前展示电厂全貌，给投资方以及即将工作的人们一个直观的展示。

vrml源代码（VRML source code）Vrml4-3 UFO.Wrl#VRML V2.0 utf8# create multiple coordinate system Background{SkyColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.6]}# create other UFOTransform{Translation 0, 0, 0Scale 2.3, 1.6, 2.3Children[Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.7 0.7 0.6 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.20 # appearance material}}Geometry Sphere {# sphereRadius 1}}]}Transform{Translation 0, 0, 0Scale 4, 1, 4Children[Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.7 0.7 0.6 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.20 # appearance material}}Geometry Sphere {# sphereRadius 1}}]}Vrml4-4 dumbbell.Wrl#VRML V2.0 utf8# create multiple coordinate systemBackground{SkyColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.6]}Create other #Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a material AmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surfacereflectionSpecularColor 0.7 0.7 0.6 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.20 # appearance material }}Geometry Cylinder {# cylinderRadius 0.4Height 3.5Top TRUEBottom TRUESide TRUE}}Transform{Translation 0, 2, 0Children[Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.7 0.7 0.6 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.20 # appearance material}}Geometry Sphere {# sphereRadius 1}}]}Transform{Translation 0 -2.0 0Children[Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.7 0.7 0.6 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.20 # appearance material}}Geometry Sphere {# sphereRadius 1}}]}Vrml4-5.Wrl Tomatoes on sticks#VRML V2.0 utf8# create multiple coordinate system Background{SkyColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.6]}# create other Tomatoes on sticks Group {BboxCenter 000BboxSize 5, 5, 5Children [Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.3 0.2 0 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.7, 0.7, 0.6 # objects specular light colorsThe brightness of shininess 0.8 # appearance material Transparency 0.2}}Geometry Cylinder {#Radius 0.1Height 5Side TRUETop TRUEBottom TRUE}}DEF Shap1 Shape {# ball node is defined as Shap1 node name Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearance topDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.8 0.2 0.2 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.1 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.8 0.8 0.8 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.15 # appearance material}}Geometry Sphere {# sphereRadius 0.5}}# node by using coordinate transformation and reuse of Shap1 nodes, using re positioning.Transform {# reuse Shap1 node nameTranslation 010Children USE Shap1}Transform {# reuse Shap1 node nameTranslation 020Children USE Shap1}Transform {# reuse Shap1 node nameTranslation 0-10Children USE Shap1]}#VRML V2.0 utf8# create multiple coordinate system# angle 030456090120135150 1800.524 0.785 1.047 1.571 2.094 # radian 2.356 2.618 3.141 Background{SkyColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.6]}# create warning signs banning smoking - otherDEF, Pb, Group {BboxCenter 000BboxSize 5, 5, 5Children [DEF Cylind1Transform {Translation 020Rotation 1, 0, 0, 1.571Children [Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.5 0.5 0.7 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.8 0.8 0.9 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.2 # appearance material Transparency 0}}Geometry Cylinder {# warning signs Radius 1.3Height 0.1Side TRUETop TRUEBottom TRUE}}]}Transform {Translation -0.6 1.4 0.2#rotation 0, 0, 0, 1.571Children[DEF Shap1 Shape {# ball node is defined as Shap1 node nameAppearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearance topDiffuse color diffuseColor 0.8 0.2 0.2 # a materialAmbientIntensity 0.1 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.8 0.8 0.8 # object specular light colors The brightness of shininess 0.15 # appearance material Transparency 0}}Geometry Sphere {# buttsRadius 0.2}}]}# node by using coordinate transformation and reuse of Shap1 nodes, using re positioning.Transform {# fork rodTranslation 020Rotation 1101.571Scale 0.12 0.1220Children USE Cylind1}Transform {Translation 0.1, 2.1, 0.15Rotation 0, 0, 1, 2.356Children [Shape {Appearance Appearance{Material Material {# space object appearanceDiffuseColor 1.The diffuse color of a material # 1 1AmbientIntensity 0.4 # how much ambient light by the surface reflectionSpecularColor 0.8 0.8 0.9 # object specular light colorsThe brightness of shininess 0.2 # appearance materialTransparency 0}}Geometry Cylinder {# tobacco rodRadius 0.16Height 1.9Side TRUETop TRUEBottom TRUE}]}Transform {# warning column Translation 0, -1.1, -0.2 Rotation 1001.571Scale 0.12 0.1238Children USE Cylind1}Transform {# warning base Translation 0-3, -2 Rotation 1001.571#scale 0.12 0.1220Children USE Cylind1}]}。

实验三虚拟现实环境场景设置一、实验目的：1. 理解VRML中虚拟现实场景中具有的一些要素2. 利用Background背景节点设置场景的背景二、实验环境：1. 硬件环境计算机一台2. 软件环境WindowsXP操作系统、VrmlPad编辑器和Cortonaplayer浏览器编组节点（Group）可以包含任意数目的子节点，将多个简单造型组合成一组复杂造型，作为一个整体进行设计、命名和调用，给VRML程序设计带来很多方便之处。

Group {children []bboxCenter 0.0 0.0 0.0bboxSize -1.0 -1.0 -1.0addChildrenremoveChildren}Background{set_bindgroundColor []groundAngle []skyColor [0 0 0]skyAngle []frontUrl “”backUrl “”rightUrl “”leftUrl “”topUrl “”bottomUrl “”isBound }程序代码：#VRML V2.0 utf8Background {skyColor [1 1 1,0.0 0.1 1,0 0.5 1,1 0.999 0.999]skyAngle [1.1711.3711.571]groundColor [1 1 1,0.4 0.3 0.2,0.8 0.6 0.6,1 0.988 0.988]groundAngle [1.0711.2711.491]}Shape {geometry Sphere {radius 1.0}appearanceAppearance {materialMaterial {diffuseColor .54 0 0specularColor .59 0 .13ambientIntensity .0467shininess .06}}}Transform {translation -8 2 0children [Shape {geometry Text {string "VRML Sky"}appearance Appearance {materialMaterial { diffuseColor 1 .85 0specularColor .87 .25 .25ambientIntensity .157shininess 1}}}]}Transform {translation 6 -5 -7children [Shape {geometry Text {string "VRML Ground"}appearanceAppearance {materialMaterial {diffuseColor .11 .55 .09 specularColor .12 .06 .06ambientIntensity .0633shininess .09}}}]}。

1. 会动的摆球#VRML V2.0 utf8Background {skyColor .6 .6 1}Transform {translation 0 -2.5 0 children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial{diffuseColor 0 1 1} } geometry Box {size 10 1 1}}]}Transform {translation 4 0 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance{material Material {diffuseColor 1 0 1} }geometry Box {size 0.5 5.8 0.6}} ]}Transform {translation -4 0 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance{material Material {diffuseColor 1 0 1} }geometry Box {size 0.5 5.8 0.6}} ]}Transform {translation 0 2.5 0 rotation 0 0 11.571 children [Shape { appearanceAppearance {materialMaterial {diffuseColor .5 0 1}} geometry Cylinder {radius 0.2 height 7.5}}]}material Material {diffuseColor2 1 1}}geometry Sphere {radius0.3}}]}Transform {translation 0 0.6 0 children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material {diffuseColor 0 .8 1}}geometry Cylinder {radius 0.1 height 3.5}}]}]}]}DEF left Transform { translation -1.2 0 0 center 02.35 0 children [USE hk ]}Transform {translation 0.6 0 0 rotation 0 0 1 0 children[USE hk ]}Transform { translation -.6 0 0 rotation 0 0 10 children [USE hk ]}DEF right Transform {translation 1.2 0 0center 0 2.35 0children [USE hk ]}DEF hk Transform {children [Group {children [Transform {translation 0 -1.42 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance { DEF time TimeSensor { cycleInterval 1 loop TRUE enabled TRUE } DEF z1 OrientationInterpolator { key [0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1] keyValue [0 0 1 0,0 0 1 0.5,0 0 1 0,0 0 1 0,0 0 1 0,]}DEF z2 OrientationInterpolator {key [0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1] keyValue [0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 0,0 0 1 -0.5, 0 0 1 0,]}ROUTE time.fraction_changed TO z1.set_fractionROUTE time.fraction_changed TO z2.set_fractionROUTE z1.value_changed TO right.rotationROUTE z2.value_changed TO left.rotation2. 不用电的电风扇#VRML V2.0 utf8Background {skyColor [1 1 0.9]}DEF a Transform { translation 0 1.3 -0.2 children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 1 1 1}} geometry Sphere{radius 0.2}}Transform {translation 1 0 0 scale 0.9 0.3 0.1 center -10 0 rotation 0 0 1 0 children [appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor0 0 1}} geometry Sphere {radius 1}}]}Transform {translation 1 0 0 scale 0.9 0.3 0.1 center -1 0 0 rotation 0 0 1 2.094 children [Shape { appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 1 0}} geometry Sphere{radius 1}}]}scale 0.9 0.3 0.1center -1 0 0rotation 0 0 1 4.18children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor1 0 0 }} geometry Sphere {radius 1}}]}]} Transform {translation 0 1.3 0scale 7 7 1.5center 0 0 0rotation 0 0 1 0 children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor 0 1 1 transparency 0.77}} geometry Sphere {radius 0.3}}]}Transform {translation 0 1.3 -0.72rotation 1 0 0 1.57children [Shape {appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 1 }} geometry Cylinder{height 0.75 radius 0.2}}]} children [Shape {appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 0 0.5 1 }} geometry Box {size 3 0.2 2.3}}]}Transform {translation 1 -1.3 0.8children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 1 0 0}}geometry Sphere {radius0.2}}]}Transform {translation -1 -1.3 0.8children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor0 1 0}} geometry Sphere {radius 0.2}}]}Transform {translation 0 0 -0.8children [Shape {appearance Appearance { material Material{ diffuseColor 1 1 1 }} geometry Cylinder {height 2.8 radius 0.13}}]} DEF sj TimeSensor { enabled TRUE cycleInterval 1 loop TRUE }DEF zhuan OrientationInterpolator { key [0 0.25 0.50.75 1] keyValue [0 0 1 00 0 1 1.570 0 1 3.14 0 0 1 4.710 0 1 6.28]}]}Transform { translation 1.5 1.1 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} }geometry Box {size 0.2 4 2} }]} Transform { translation -1.5 1.1 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} }geometry Box {size 0.2 4 2} }]} Transform { translation 0 1.1 -0.9 children [ Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} }geometry Box {size 3 4 0.2} }]}3. 见鬼似的书柜#VRML V2.0 utf8#VRML V2.0 utf8Background {skyColor [0.8 0.8 09.8]}Transform { translation 0 3 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} }geometry Box {size 3 0.2 2}DEF zuo Transform {center 0.8 0 0translation 0.8 1.1 1children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 1 1} }geometry Box {size 1.6 4 0.2} }]} translation -0.8 1.1 1children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 1 1} } geometryBox {size 1.6 4 0.2}}]}Transform { translation 0 1 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} } geometryBox {size 3 0.2 2} }]}ROUTE sj.fraction_changed TO zhuan.set_fraction ROUTE zhuan.value_changed TO a.rotationchildren [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor 0 01} }geometry Box {size 0.2 1.5 2}}]}Transform { translation 0 -2.3 0 children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} } geometryBox {size 3 0.2 2} }]}Transform { translation 0 -1 0children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor0 0 1}Transform { translation 0 -1.65 -0.9children [Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1} }geometry Box {size 3 1.5 0.2} }]}Transform { translation -1.5 -1.65 0 children [ Shape {appearance Appearance { materialMaterial { diffuseColor 0 0 1}}geometry Box {size 0.2 1.5 2}}]}}geometry Box {size 3 0.2 2}}]}DEF ct Transform{ children [Shape {appearance Appearance {material Material { diffuseColor1 0 1}}geometry Box {size 2.8 1.1 1.9}}]}DEF sj TimeSensor { loop TRUEcycleInterval 2}DEF zhuanTransform { translation 1.5 -1.65 0 OrientationInterpolator {translation 0 -1.65 0.05key [0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1]keyValue [0 1 0 00 1 0 1.570 1 0 1.570 1 0 1.57 0 1 0 0]}DEF zhuan1 OrientationInterpolator {key [0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1]keyValue [0 1 0 00 1 0 -1.570 1 0 -1.570 1 0 00 1 0 0]} DEF ctd PositionInterpolator {key [0 0.5 1]keyValue [ 0 -1.65 0.050 -1.65 2-1.65 0.05]}ROUTE sj.fraction_changed TOctd.set_fractionROUTE sj.fraction_changed TO zhuan.set_fractionROUTE sj.fraction_changed TO zhuan1.set_fractionROUTE zhuan.value_changed TO zuo.rotationROUTE zhuan1.value_changed TO you.rotationROUTE ctd.value_changed TOct.translation。