中国科学院——英语2003年博士研究生入学考试试题
THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH
ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES P APER ONE
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points) Section A (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be as feed about what was said. The question will be spoken only
once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter
with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. A, She is sick.
B. She is hungry.
C. She was bitten by an ant.
D. She had a long bicycle ride.
2.2.2.A. He's outgoing.
B. He's considerate.
C- He's successful.
D. He's nice to all,
3.3. 3. A. 30 minutes
B. 25 minutes
C. 20 minutes
D. 15 minutes
4. A. take the air
B. park the car
C. fill in the form
D. work on a text
5. A. apply for a credit card
B. get a driver's license
C. buy an insurance
D. rent a vehicle
6. A, Crime needs to be treated as a disease.
B. Primitive punishment will do no good.
C. Severe punishment is necessary to stop crime.
D. Primitive people had trouble with crime treatment.
7. A, the sale of the old houses
B. the pulling down of the gas company
C. the proposal of the council
D. the building of the office blocks
8. A. He will not be able to many Cindy.
B. He has financial problems.
C. He has yet to buy furniture.
D. He may not be recovered until the wedding.
9. A. Both are having a cold.
B. Both are on holidays.
C. The woman feels sorry for the man.
D. The woman hopes to see the man in the school.
10. A. He felt sympathy for the Vietnamese.
B. He used to come to the U.S. unlawfully.
C. He aided illegal immigration to the U.S.
D. He dealt with 7,000 immigration cases.
Section B (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In ihis section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be a few questions. Both the passage and
the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there
will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter
with a single bar across the
square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer
Sheet.
11. A. to make children grow tall and strong
B. to keep the soul in the body
C. to prevent someone from saying evil things
D. to protect someone against catching a cold
12. A. They think a good spirit may help the child grow,
B. They want to drive away the devil "sneeze."
C. They say it as a curse for the child to stop sneezing.
D. They consider a sneeze an obstacle to the child's growth.
13. A. the German
B. the Italian
C. the Japanese
D. the Hindus
14. A. All peoples are afraid of sneezing.
B. Some people never sneeze in their lives.
C. The moment of sneezing is very dangerous.
D. Many people say prayers when they sneeze.
15. A. a lack of available flights
B. long delays at the airport
C. boredom on long flights
D. long trips to and from the airport
16. A. on short trips
B. on long trips
C. when flying over cities
D. when flying at high altitudes
17. A. It fuels with nuclear energy.
B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.
C. It flies above magnetically activated tracks.
D. It uses a device similar to a jet engine-
18. A. She is poor in school grade.
B, Her major is thought to be useless.
C, Her job expectation is too high.
D, There is now an economic recession.
19. A, undergraduates
B. experienced M.B.A.s
C. laid-off workers
D. liberal-arts majors
20. A. Unemployment rate will get still higher.
B. There will be no multiple job offers.
C. 2 million job seekers will compete for jobs.
D. First-time job requirements will be lowered.
(THIS IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION.)
PART II VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence shot best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your
choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your
Machine-scaring Answer Sheet,
21.His trick convinced none but the most
A. credulous
B. plausible
C. trustworthy
D. feasible
22. Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to discuss __ to
existing mass transit systems.
A. substitutes
B. measures
C, duplicates D. alternatives
23. He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief—________ , he is the greatest devil I everknow.
A. as a consequence
B. as a rule
C, as a matter of fact D. as a matter of routine
24. Since she was alone, she opened the door ___________ . leaving the chain lock
fastened.
A. warily
B. consciously
C. audaciously
D. recklessly
25. In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly ______ as if
the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself,
A. crucial
B. central
C. casual
D. causal
26. I didn't listen to Mom and 1 was not surprised at the look of ______________ on
her face.
A. indifference
B. compliment
C, negligence D. reproach
27. The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade _______ an
incredible 250,000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.
A. Sake up
B. add up to
C, count for D. turn out to
28. He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in ____________ for the shootings
last week.
A. revenge B, reserve
C. reverse
D. remedial
29. These pollutants can be ________ hundreds and even thousands of kilometers by
large air masses.
A. contained
B. conveyed
C. contaminated
D. conserved
30. There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but ___ _ it's
very enjoyable.
A. all at once
B. once and for all
C. so much as
D. by and large
31.In a divorce, the mother usually is granted ______ of her children.
A. support
B. retention
C. perseverance
D. custody
32. What he had in mind _____ to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.
A. contributed
B. dedicated
C. amounted
D. added
33. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will ___________ b efore
a settlement is reached.
A. wear out
B. come along
C. break off
D. end up
34. A __________ o f soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath, then the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.
A. loaf B, bar
C. stick D, block
35. Of the 1200 million people who call themselves Chinese, ______ a very small
number speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.
A. none but
B. but for
C. all but
D. but then
36. ___________ r ecent brain and behavioral research. Dr. Goleman wrote a fascinating book entitled "Emotional Intelligence."
A. Drawing up
B. Drawing on
C. Putting up
D. Putting on
37. Many people think of deserts as regions, but numerous species of
plants and animals have adapted to life there,
A. remote
B. irgin
C. alien
D. barren
38. Attempts to persuade her stay after she felt insulted were ______ __,
A, of no avail B. out of focus
C. at a loss D, in no way
39. Scientists are ______________ certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the
blood of the shark.
A. dubiously
B. virtually
C. queerly
D. randomly
40. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas,
greater enthusiasm, and higher staff . __ ,
A. moral B, mortal
C. morale
D. mores
PART III CLOZE TEST (IS minutes, 15 points)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through-Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase
marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the
corresponding tetter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a
single bar across she square brackets on your Machine-scoring
Answer Sheet.
It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to 4j why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best 42.__ the privilege of attending.
At the least you 95 students can hope to become 43 in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, 44 , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently __45_ learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. 46 this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not 47 without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your48.
There is 49 the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is 50 level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the 51of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to 52 no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can't be denied and which commits you to a life of research.
Commit mem to a life of scholarship or research is 53 many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even 54 other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly 55 it,
41.A. count
42.42.42.A, benefit from
43.43.43. A. efficient
44.44.44. A. however
45. 45.45.A. if
46.46.46.A. Of late
47.47.47. A. acquired
48.48.48. A. ambition
49.49.49.
A. to
50.A. any
51.A. ends
52.52.52. A. elsewhere
53.53.53. A.
compatible with
54.54.54. A. shall
55.55.55. A. declare B. reflect t
B.ake over
B.excellent t
B.hereforeB.be
causeB.Conseq
uentlyB.accom
plishedB.consci
enceB.on
B. one
B.limits
B.what
B. responsible
for
B. will
B. recommend
C. depend
C.apply for
C.professionalC.
indeed
C. so that
C.AfterwardsC.a
pproachedC.resp
onsibilityC. in
C. another
C, borders
C. whichever
C. followed by
C. would
C, advise
D. comment
D. gohrough
D.
proficientD.
after all
D.before
D. At first
D.assured
D.challenge
D. by
D. no
D. edges
D. relevant to
D.where
D. should
D. contend
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: Be low each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices market! A, B, C. end D. Read each passage carefully, and then select (he choice that bear answers the question or completes (he statement Mark (fie teller of your choice with a single bar across (he square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage I
Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of
biotechnology.
China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. It's establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brick of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.
For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U.S. But Asia's other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China's potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships—and China's advancement in the field of biotechnology—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China's rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region, In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population—and those of other Asian countries—-can afford.
There remain, however, serious barriers to the development qf a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards, China is a signatory of the International Bio Safety Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. 'The regulations look good, but I haven't met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to," says a European science analyst.
If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab tests are. other problems lie in waii. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years :o fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.
56, The mouse on display is most significant in that _ _.
A. it has an ear in the shape of a human ear
B. it is unusually small and ugly as a star
C. it is the focus of the media at the exhibition
D. it indicates China's progress in biotechnology
57. The phrase "on the brink of a boom" (in boldface in Paragraph 2) in the
context
means _________ .
A. having an edge in competition
B. in great demand
C. on the way to success
D. preparing for challenge
58. In the field of biotechnology China is thought to _______ .
A. have been making an utmost effort learning from the West
B. have become a country among the advanced
C. have been able to rival the United Sates and Europe
D. have launched a biotechnological revolution
59. Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with
China in biotechnology because ____ .
A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the world
B. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centers
C. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countries
D. its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable
60. Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech development,
A. might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standards
B. may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technology
C. cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patents
D. may not seriously follow the International Bio Safety Protocol
61. As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include _________ .
A. publicizing recent achievements in the official press
B. the protection of innovators with their products
C. the violation of intellectual-property rights
D. making lab tests as strict as possible
Passage 2
The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green schoolyard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it.
Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and buy himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking over to the store, Clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant no trouble, On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was.
"Hey Negro, what's up?" one of the white boys said,
"Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today? "another hooted.
"Just leave me alone," Little Jimmy said.
" Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?" the first boy retaliated.
"Just shove off and let me be," Jimmy answered.
It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin colors, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.
Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that ii could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.
Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral.
Nobody is exempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. 1 would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that 1 went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted poles with the some polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever they're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.
People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together, Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.
62. With the description of the weather and Jimmy's teeling about it the author
intends to show that __ .
A. what a happy world it is for humans
B. what an innocent boy Jimmy was
C. what an unusual thing that was to happen to Jimmy
D. what a wonderful world that people have ignored
63. From the conversation with the three white boys, we learn that Jimmy
A. must have offended them before
B. was a pleasant boy to be talked to
C. was being humiliated for being black
D. must have got used to their behaviors
64, According to the author, Racism ___
A. leads to a world with no variety
B. does not see the differences between cultures
C. hinders rhe world's economic development
D. does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures
65. By saying ''No doubt, we are alt racist" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) the
author admits that ____ .
A. we are all warlike by nature
B. we all discriminate against other peoples
C. we are all proud of our own race and nation
D. we all focus on the difference between races
66, To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a paragraph that deals with ______
A. how children's thoughts are corrupted by racism as they grow
B. the author's far more miserable experience of being neglected
C. how the black people should unite to fight against the Whites
D. the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other
67. Which of the following can best describe the tone of the passage?
A. provocative
B. indignant
C. sentimental
D. sarcastic
Passage 3
This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS' "60 Minutes," the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children.
Last month, Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently contained '"unsafe" levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public's first exposure to it was through news coverage.
Not only does such reporting potentially drive children from consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a "safe" level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the "chronic reference doses," set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safety. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is clear, as the report points out. thatthere are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings.
Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of
tiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, apples, spinach, squash, grapes and pears.
68. In the Alar apple scare, many Americans were frightened because ________ ,
A. scientists warned that apples were dangerous
B. many school children became ill after eating apples
C. it was reported that apples were harmful to health
D. apples were discovered to have too much pesticide
69. The warning message about the Alar apple was given _________ .
A. by Consumers Union
B. by a health center
C. through an news agency
D. through the government
70. The last month report parallels that on the Alar apple scare in that ______ .
A. neither really caused worry among the public
B. neither underwent a scientific peer review
C. neither provided statistical supports
D. neither aimed for the public good
71. The ''chronic reference doses" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) refer to ______ .
A, the safe levels of pesticide exposure
B. the amount of fruits one can safely eat
C, one's digestive capacity for fruits
D. health values of fruits and vegetables
72. With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue that
A. parents should keep their children from the food with pesticides
B. they should be applied to fruits and vegetables with caution
C. more research needs to be done on their harmfulness to health
D. they are not as threatening as said to children most of the time
73, The primary purpose of this passage is to explain that __________
A. not all reports on food are scientifically sound
B. it is important for the public to know the risks of pesticides
C. vegetables and fruits can be harmful to children's health
D. there should be no public concern over pesticides
Passage 4
Abortion. The word alone causes civil conversation to flee the room. This is largely because the pro-choice and pro-life positions are being defined by their extremes, by those who scream accusations instead of arguments.
More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.
For example, prolife extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions between some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-life case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby would be bom dead due to severe disabilities.
On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holding inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable right to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatsoever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligations upon him for child support? Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some son of corresponding legal rights?
The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great excluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wrong with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.
Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer's position, I represent what seems to be a growing "middle ground" in pro-choice opinion. Legally, 1 believe in the right of every human being to medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: adultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the procedure past the first three months and 1 would attempt to dissuade friends from doing so.
Partial-birth abortion has thrown many pro-choice advocates into moral chaos. I find it impossible to view photos of late-term abortion—the fetus's contorted features, the tiny fully formed hands, the limbs ripped apart—without experiencing nausea. This reaction makes me ineffectual in advocating the absolute right to abortion. 1 stand by
tlie principle, "a woman's body, a woman's right" but I don't always like myself for do ing so.
Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by denouncing the approaches that block communication.
74. According to the passage, the pro-life and pro-choice positions on
abortion are
A. complementary to each other
B. opposed to each other
C. similar in nature
D. reconcilable in a way
75. To a pro-life extremist, ___________ .
A. all babies should be carried to term
B. babies resulting from rape should not be bom
C. deformed babies can be aborted when detected
D. an underage girl has no right to give birth
76. According to the pro-choice position, ______
A. a pregnant woman cannot abort her baby if its father agrees to keep it
B. a pregnant woman has an absolute right of choice over an abortion
C. the baby's father also has a say over its mother's choice of abortion
D. the baby's father has an unalienable obligation to support the baby
77, Who would insist that the baby be born whether or not it is the child of a rapist?
A. the author
B. average people
C. a pro-choice advocate
D. a pro-life extremist
78. The author doubts the legal right to lie to friends as well as the one to
A. abort a fetus in its fifth month
B. view the photos of late-term
abortion
C. give birth to a baby in one's teenage
D. dispose of whatever under one's
skin
79. The author, as a "middle ground" person, ____________ .
A. actually holds a mild pro-life opinion
B. proposes that a rapist's baby never be born
C. advocates a serious dialogue on abortion
D. denies the principle "a woman's body, a woman's right"
Passage 5
In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much time looting down rather than up, Finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all—with each other.
Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there will always be things that need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?
The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open, A playwright has polished the script, investors have put up the money, and the theater has been rented, A director has been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for iheir audience.
On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience, [f they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter of days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.
80. According to the author, critics usually ________ .
A. ignore minor imperfections
B. overemphasize flaws
C. see both sides of a coin
D. pin their hopes on improvements
81. It can be inferred from the text that if optimism were adopted, ________ . A, no serious problems would arise in society
B, anything could be done with ease
C. some social problems could more possibly be solved
D. people would succeed in getting over all the obstacles
52. The preparation of a Broadway show is mentioned in order to __________ .
A. explain that staging a play requires complex teamwork
B. argue that a minute mistake may ruin a lifelong task
C. show that the preparatory stage is imperative to the following ones
D. illustrate that criticism may block the way to success
83. Compared with the playwrights, the critics are, according to the author,
A. pretentious rather than honest
B. arrogant rather than modest
C- cruel rather than merciful
D, destructive rather than constructive
84. What might be the ultimate result of a biased bitter criticism?
A. more rebellion
B. more creativity
C. less initiative
D. less destruction
85. The main idea of this passage is _________ .
A. the destructive role of utter pessimism
B. achieving success regardless of criticism
C. no cracking down, no building up
D. one should learn to handle stresses
PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Read (he following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper
space on your Answer Sheet II.
Are you really in love? How do you know the difference between love and infatuation? This is often difficult to determine, for there are no set rules surrounding the definitions of love or infatuation. Romantic love is very much a part of the American way of life and many expect that some day "it" is going to hit them and they will know they are in love.
What are some of the differences between love and infatuation? 1) Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of "growing" in love rather than "falling" in love. This may sound terribly unromantic to some who are used to hearing talk about "falling in love" or being "head over heels in love". This "falling" is often infatuation, and the sheer emotion of "falling31 in love often blinds a person to the imperfections of the loved one. We tend to think of the loved one as "perfect", "ideal", or some other divine image. Real love sees the total person—both the "perfection" and the imperfection. Infatuation, then, is a sudden, emotional sense that one has discovered the "perfect" lover. On the other hand, love realizes imperfections and grows with the acceptance of those imperfections.
2) Love leads a person to a feeling of security and trust in the loved one. It usually involves a feeling of mutual benefit arising from the new relationship. "We are able to solve our problems together" is the feeling of love, rather than 'Please love me because
I need you."
3) Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity whenever the "lovers" are separated: feelings of doubt, fickleness, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany Infatuation. "What will I do if I lose him?" and "1 wonder if she really means it when she says she loves me?" express the feelings of infatuation, in such a setting a lasting love does not have a chance to develop.
41 Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feel inn of relationship probably has not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions. Conversely, in love, the feeling of relationship is genuine and sincere so that concern for the other person evolves naturally.
5) Physical attraction is an important part of both infatuation and love, but the superficial attraction is less important in love, for the couple experiencing Jove usually will build their relationship on a broader base than mere physical attraction.
PART VI WRITING (40 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below Use (heproper space on your Answer Sheet II.
TOPIC
Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and research workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good manager of such a group of people?
词汇（无） 完型（网络上找到的原文，试题没有这么长，压缩了。划线部分为虫友考后忆起的待选空及答案） In the last post, we discussed why fabrication and falsification are harmful to scientific knowledge-building. The short version is that if you’re trying to build a body of reliable knowledge about the world, making stuff up (rather than, say, making careful observations of that world and reporting those observations accurately) tends not to get you closer to that goal. Along with fabrication and falsification, plagiarism is widely recognized as a high crime against the project of science, but the explanations for why it’s harmful generally make it look like a different kind of crime than fabrication and falsification. For example, Donald E. Buzzelli (1999) writes: [P]lagiarism is an instance of robbing a scientific worker of the credit for his or her work, not a matter of corrupting the record. (p. 278) Kenneth D, Pimple (2002) writes: One ideal of science, identified by Robert Merton as ―disinterestedness,‖ holds that what matters is the finding, not who makes the finding. Under this norm, scientists do not judge each other’s work by reference to the race, religion, gender, prestige, or any other incidental characteristic of the researcher; the work is judged by the work, not the worker. No harm would be done to the Theory of Relativity if we discovered Einstein had plagiarized it… [P]lagiarism … is an offense against the community of scientists, rather than against science itself. Who makes a particular finding will not matter to science in one hundred years, but today it matters deeply to the community of scientists. Plagiarism is a way of stealing credit, of gaining credit where credit is not due, and credit, typically in the form of authorship, is the coin of the realm in science. An offense against scientists qua scientists is an offense against science, and in its way plagiarism is as deep an offense against scientists as falsification and fabrication are offenses against science. (p. 196) Pimple is claiming that plagiarism is not an offense that undermines(zqc2849) the knowledge-building project of science per se. Rather, the crime is in depriving other scientists of the reward they are due for participating in this knowledge-building project. In other words, Pimple says that plagiarism is problematic not because it is dishonest, but rather because it is unfair. While I think Pimple is right to identify an additional component of responsible conduct of science besides honesty, namely, a certain kind of fairness to one’s fellow scientists, I also think this analysis of plagiarism misses an important way(whj19890715) in which misrepresenting the source of words, ideas, methods, or results can undermine the knowledge-building project of science. On the surface, plagiarism, while potentially nasty to the person whose report is being stolen, might seem not to undermine the scientific community’s evaluation(zqc2849) of the phenomena. We are still, after all, bringing together and comparing a number of different observation reports to determine the stable features of our experience of the phenomenon. But this comparison often involves a dialogue as well. As part of the
1995年博士生(地学分析入学试题 一、简答题(40分 1. 遥感地学评价标准。 2. LandsatTM数据特征。 3. 我国风云一号气象卫星主要通道及特征。 4. 遥感信息处长合分析。 二、问答题(任选二题,60分 1. 评述我国遥感应用的发展特点。 2. 遥感在自然资源调查中的应用。 3. 举例说明遥感在地学研究中应用与作用。 4. 遥感监测在全球变化研究中的作用。1996年博士生入学试题(遥感地学分析 (任选四题,每题25分 1. 遥感地学分析及其意义 2. 遥感在资源调查中的应用特点 3. 论述遥感在全球变化研究中作用 4. 遥感信息增强方法 5. 专题遥感信息提取的方法与应用 2000年中科院博士入学考试(RS
一、简答与名词解释: 1. 混合像元(98 2. 高光谱(98 3. 监督与非监督分类(97 4. 最大似然法(97 5. 纹理特征用于信息提取 (98 6. 主成分分析(99 7. TM的七个波段(97 8. 高光谱遥感(99 9. 遥感影象的特征(99 二、论述 1. 最小二乘法的原理、公式及应用。(98 2. 结合工作,谈遥感的应用与发展前景。(99 3. 遥感地学评价基础。(97 一、简答题(10分/题 1、ETM影像的各波段特征 2、监督分类的过程 3、高光谱遥感及其特点 4、植被指数及其计算方法
5、干涉雷达遥感 二、论述题(25分/题 1、遥感信息融合的方法及它们比较 2、遥感图像分类的方法 3、遥感分辨率及其地学意义 一、简答每个10分共5个 1.几何校正的主要方法 2.光谱成像仪的成像机理 3.监督分类及其优缺点 4.水体的光谱特征 5.图像融合有哪些技术方法 二、论述体 3选2 1.遥感信息地学评价的标准及应用意义 2.微波技术的发展现状及趋势 3.光学影像的分类方法及特点 2008年中科院地理所博士考题 总分:100分时间:180分钟 一、名词解释(2*5 10分 1.波谱反射率
gain . Furthermore federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social need s as the European New Town plans do. In fact, our regulations specify virtual y all the ingredients of the typical suburban community, with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in. A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain. All possible social and governme ntal innovations as well as financial fac tors s hould be thoroughly considered and accommodated in this policy. Its objectives should be clearly stated, and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that the objectives are pursued. If s uch a poli cy is developed, then the New Town approach can pla y an important role in alleviating American's urban problems. 36. As revealed in Para 1, the author considers the American New Town approach_____ A. atypical B. irrelevant C. impractical D.unprecedented 37. According to the author, the present New Town plan will _____ A. fail t o bring about the i ntended re sults B. produce genuinely needed New Towns C. bridge the gap between the poor and the rich – D. help resolve the spreading urban problems 38. The author believes that the New Town projects will lead to _____ A. m ore brisk co mmercial activities in th e cities B. more l ow-income people living in the s uburbs C. higher incidence of tax avoidance by industries D. heavier tax burdens on the remaining citi zens 39. In the author's o pinion. the European New Town plans are superior to the America's in their concern for A. the typical suburban community B. the interests of the promoters C . the welfare of the general public D. the government's political achievement
中科院博士考试心得之一:词汇记忆 众所周知,英语考试中,词汇是关键,是所有考察题目的前提。没有足够的词汇量,或者对词汇的记忆、理解不够好,直接决定了英语水平的高低,想考个好成绩更是无法谈取。所以,词汇是万里长征的第一步。 如果不幸你又选择了中科院作为博士考试的目标,嘿嘿,情况可以用“雪上加霜”来形容了。记得当年考硕士的时候,国家规定的词汇量大约是5700个(现在可能有变化,但不会很大吧),英语六级的词汇量也差不多就这些(稍有出入,但变化不大)。而中科院的英语博士入学考试词汇大纲(以北京理工大学出版社的大纲为准),包括的词汇量达到了近12000。这个数字达到了硕士英语大纲的两倍。虽然不能否认很多词汇之间有内在联系,可当我第一次拿到这个大纲的时候,我从来没见过的单词多的是。 废话少说吧。 第一,要有个权威的英语词汇大纲。 我选择的是北理出版社的版本,其特点是综合了历年中科院英语博士入学考试试卷中出现过的词汇,比较全面,而且有一定的针对性。在看这本书之间,建议大家可以先把六级字汇大纲,或者一些学者编写的硕士研究生入学考试字汇大纲上的所有词汇都记完。这个应该不难,大家都是过来人嘛,而且量也没那么大。 第二,第一次如何看北理版本的大纲。 这本书上会有很多字汇以前没有见过,如何把这些词汇搞明白,相当有难度。在大学时期,大家都习惯拿着词汇表,从头背到尾,也有人喜欢把词汇分成几个大块,一块一块的往下记。这是个好方法,而且也比较有效果。但对大多数的博士考生来说,缺乏基本条件。因为我们这些人要么是已经工作了,日常杂事繁多,要么正在准
备硕士毕业论文,不可能拿出一上午,或者一下午的时间。我比较推荐的方法是“分而食之”。 1,拿出大约一周的时间,对大纲中的词汇进行甄别。自己已经知道的词汇放过,不会的词汇用红笔做个记号。然后把这些做了记号的词汇分别抄写到窄纸条上,并附上其中文意思(如果不知道怎么读,还要注明音标),最好每个词一个小条。对于有派生的词汇,可以只抄下根词,余下的可以放在以后解决。把这些小条按照字母顺序分成多个包,比如a开头的放在一起,有些词汇不多的,可以合并(大纲中,真正没有见过的词也就2000左右吧,因人而异,而派生、词组占了不少)。 2,在自己口袋里一次放一个包,大约会有30~60个单词吧。当你在忙于工作的间隙,或者散步的间隙…..(只要是有小的时间段就可以),从口袋里摸出一个小条,快速的记下它是怎么拼写的,怎么读的,中文意思是什么,然后把纸条放在另一个口袋里。接着就可以在脑海里默记,做到会读,将来见到这个词了,能知道它的大体意思(至少它是什么性质的词)。一般来说,半天就可以解决50个生词,而且不会误工作。就靠这个方法,我在3周内,不知不觉的啃掉了大约近2000个生词。(提醒一下,如果你在路上默记,安全第一,碰着树了,撞着墙了都没多大影响,和车车接吻可就麻烦了:))。这一步完成后,如果效果不是多好,可以重复,一般2个回合足够了。 第三,这个时候,大纲中的词汇分成了两类。一类是才记过的,但不是很熟练, 一类是以前都熟悉的。针对这两类词汇,采取交叉记忆,周期轮回的方法。 1,每天对大纲中新记过的划红线词汇都要过目一遍。这个过程要快,一看到这个单词,就回想它的中文意思,想不出来没关系,可以参考大纲。切不可回复,非要把它记清楚再看后边的,没这个必要,因为这个时候不会的词还多着呢,误了时间就是缩短了记忆的周期,等你把这个熟悉了,以前有点印象的词汇又失去了。注重的是整个不熟悉词汇的过目频率,而不是哪几个单词。2000多个词,2个小时内必须扫过一遍。
中国科学院（中科院）考博历年试题汇总 中科院发育遗传所2002生物化学（博士） 注：请将试卷写在答题纸上；不用抄题，但要写请题号；草稿纸上答题无效。一、名次解释：（20分） 二、以动物细胞或植物细胞为例说明细胞中的膜结构及其功能。（12分） 三、在研究位置基因的功能时往往采用推定的该基因所编码的氨基酸序列与已知功能的蛋白质的氨基酸序列比较来推断，你认为这种比较应采用什么原则？为什么？（12分） 四、真核基因在原核细胞中表达的蛋白质常常失去生物活性，为什么？举例说明。（12分） 五、简述信号肽的结构特点、功能和从蛋白质产物中切除的机理。（12分） 六、分子筛、离子交换和亲和层析是三种分离、醇化蛋白质的方法，你如何根据所要分离、纯化的蛋白质的性质选择使用。（12分） 七、酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）的基本原理是什么？如何用此方法检测样品中的抗原和抗体？（12分） 八、某一个蛋白，SDS凝胶电泳表明其分子量位于16900于37100标准带之间，当用巯基乙醇和碘乙酸处理该蛋白后经SDS凝胶电泳分析仍得到一条带，但分子量接近标准带13370处，请推断此蛋白质的结构？为什么第二次用前要加碘乙酸？（8分） 中科院发育遗传所2000-2001生物化学（博士） 2000年博士研究生入学考试 生物化学试题 1．酶蛋白的构象决定了酶对底物的专一性，请描述并图示酶与底物相互关系的几种学说。（20分） 2．什么是DNA的半保留复制和半不连续复制？如何证明？真核细胞与原核细胞的DNA复制有何不同？（20分） 3．概述可作为纯化依据的蛋白质性质及据此发展的方法。（20分） 4．简述酵解和发酵两个过程并说明两者的异同。（15分） 5．吃多了高蛋白食物为什么需要多喝水？（10分） 6．在非极端环境的生物体中是否存在氰化物不敏感的呼吸作用？如果有，其可能的生物学意义是什么？（5分） 以下两题中任选一题（10分） 7．概述植物或微生物细胞感应（应答）环境刺激因子（如养分缺乏、热、冷、干旱、
中科院博士英语入学考试作文模板三篇 本文针对没有思路，不知如何展开论述自己观点的问题，笔者用三篇简单的例子像大家展示如何写好一篇行文流畅的英语作文！（作文不是高级词汇和复杂句的堆砌，而是如行云流水般的smooth~） Sample1：您是否赞成限制北京人口？本文赞成 第一部分：（开篇背景介绍，引入简单的从句，增加篇幅，体现英语水准，给考官留下良好印象，但错误的，拿不准的从句不要乱用），运用连接词承上启下，进入主题。摆出大众态度，引出自己的观点。 第二部分：提出合理解释，支撑自己的观点。建议大家在提出自己解释的时候，不要太多，提出三个相关的大方面，再用连接词将其连接起来即可。三个方面可以是逐层递进，也可前两个递进，而后一个从反方面支持你的观点。建议大家不要总是用firstly，secondly and thirdly；可用一些比较高级的连接词，如The foremost，moreover，furthermore，therefore，thus，hence，however，besides，in addition等 第三部分：重申自己的观点，但不要重复利用已经用过的句子，可以用其他的词组进行重新组合，进一步阐述你的观点。 接下来就用这种思路尝试一下吧： Sample1：您是否赞成限制北京人口？本文赞成 With the rapid development of cities, more and more people are pouring into the metropolis, for example (for instance) Beijing. However, the government has made a limitation to prevent too many people flooding into Beijing for a proper growth of population. It has caused very radical argument about the reasonability of the limitation. Although numerous people hold that it is improper to do like this, I still think that it is time to
中国科学院大学2015考博英语复习“四大策略”攻破低分城墙 考博英语复习是一个长期慢慢积累提高的过程，只有脑海中有大量的英语词汇才能做到阅读速度快给接下来答题的争取更多的时间，出来积累一定量的词汇外就是加强语法的学习。海量的词汇、语法、完美的结合，平常在注意培养下语感，离高分的步伐会越来越近。下面育明考博的考博英语辅导老师给大家说下几个注意问题：联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 一、梳理基础，积累海量词汇 考博英语词汇是一个水滴石穿的过程，需要时间的积累，同时，词汇也是完成各种题型的基础，如果没有词汇量的积累，想要拿高分更是难上建难。暑期，考生都比较有充裕的时间，所以，考生可以借助这段时间将英语基础打牢。词汇是考博英语的基石，词汇量积累的多少非常影响考生在做题时的信心、心态、做题速度以及准确率。因此熟练掌握考博大纲单词尤为重要。 复习词汇的有效办法：避免枯燥乏味的记忆，从词形、词义和词法的角度把握词汇，这涉及眼、口、手、耳、脑并用，充分调动自己学习词汇的主观积极性。这一阶段对词汇的学习是复习和巩固，所以节奏上需要有所加快，遇到一个单词，扫一眼，快速朗读一遍，之后动手默写一遍，在大脑留下印记。如果能够下载词汇书的音频，可以在复习完当天的单词之后，再听听词汇音频，听的时候可以努力回忆词汇的拼写、发音、含义和用法。通过这种方式，全方位地调动自己的感官，达到良好的学习效果。 我在前一段的复习过程中单词已经背的差不多了，现在还再复习单词是不是有点浪费时间。对于已经把大纲上所列单词背的比较熟练得同学来说，在现阶段的首要任务就是把它们放到试题中去，放到活生生的语境中去，认真体会其引申含义和感情色彩。同时也应注意，有些同学的确已经将考博词
A 1. adapt adept adopt adapt vt.使适应；使适合 He adapted himself to the cold weather. When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well. adept adj.（与at, in 连用）熟练的；精通的n. 行；老手 She was adept at the fine art of irritating people. adopt vt.收养;采取;采用 They adopted our methods. 正式通过；采纳 The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favour to 10 against it. 2.adopted adoptive adopted adj.被收养的，被采纳的 an adopted child/an adopted advice adoptive adj.收养（孩子）的 an adoptive mother 3.averse adverse averse adj.（常与to 连用）嫌恶的 I am not averse to a dance party and a good mean after a week's hard work. The minister is averse to/from flattery. adverse adj.不利的；相反的 an adverse decision Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business. 4 affection affectation affection n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向 affectation n.假装, 虚饰, 做作 5.altitude attitude aptitude latitude longitude multitude altitude （海拔）高度-At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe.
让我感受最深的是，做事一定要制定合理的计划。凡事预则立不预则废，真的太有道理了，绝不能率性而为。我要给学生上课，没那么多时间坐下来看书，所以精确的计划对我尤为重要。中科院最难搞的就是英语了(迄今为止，我所经历的大大小小考试中，这个难度最大,基本上是bt的难度)，花样多、题量大、时间紧，考验人类极限能力的一个科目。备战这个科目，除了要大量记忆词汇、阅读文章、做复习题，还要积极锻炼身体，储备体能(累死到考场上就亏大了)。专业课难度虽然也不小，不过还好，毕竟是本国语言，看得懂在说什么。不过想要吃透，也必须最少看书3-5遍，起码将3级以上知识点全部记牢。鉴于此，我最终制定并执行的方案是： 1、考试之前英语单词量12000以上，每天100词，3个月一个循环，1年之内牢记这12000词。我用的字典是世图的王湘云的那本考博词汇手册，特点是便携、针对性强、精炼。联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 2、每天阅读英文原版书籍或期刊杂志。书最好是近几年出版的小说(我看的是哈利波特系列)，期刊就无所谓了，看娱乐八卦都可以，主要是为了增强阅读能力。ps：这个对我帮助很大，对比之下我才知道自己从前的语言逻辑、语句组织其实问题很大。 3、最后4个月吧，集中开始做题。推荐先做清华、北大、复旦等高校题目热热身，最后做中科院的历年真题。数目不一定多，每周2套，大约30套左右吧，重点在于做完后的复盘，这个很管用。 4、专业课书目做到2个月看1遍，记3便笔记。有时间的话，可以看看相关书籍。我的感觉是中科院考题比较活，和实际结合得相当紧密，不怎么考一些死记硬背的东西。师从生活吧，处处留心皆学问。ps：专业考试一样有陷阱，眼神要好(眼睛度数不够的考前抓紧配)，精力要集中。我的专业课，
2018年中山大考博英语真题 Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. 31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. A) rebuked B）teased C) washed D) accused 32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved 33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable 34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify 35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint 37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling 38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off 39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate 40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain 41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate 42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement 43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled 44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity 46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm
真题词汇An ticipati on 希望；预感；先发制人；预支 Architect 建筑师建筑工程师建设师Aesthetic 审美美学的美的 Aspect 方面；方向；形势；外貌 Attach 附加；附属；伴随 Adequate 足够的充足适当 Allusi on 暗示；提及 Assumpti on 假设假定设想 Anti cipati on 预期预料 Authorities 当局，官方 Accountable应负责的负有责任的可以解释的 On acco unt of '由于因为 Count for有价值重要的 Go coun ter to 违反，与。。。背道而驰 Adjustme nt 适应 Assig nment 作业任务Assimilatio n 消化吸收同化Acce nt 口音 Alter改变更改 Allergic 过敏 Approve of 赞成
Bear on 涉及关于对…施加压力；与??有关；对…有影响；瞄准 Bear out 证明证实支持 Be boiled cbwn to 被归结为 Obsession with 着迷 Observation 观察 Obsolete 废弃废除 Obsce ne 淫秽的；猥亵的；可憎的 Obvious 明显的 Oblique 倾斜不正 Oblige 被迫做 裁判 Arbitrate进行仲裁 In terve ning 干涉斡旋 Referee 担任裁判 Mediate 调停调节斡旋居中 Media 传媒 Coordi nate 协调
宣传 Declare 断言宣布 Proclaim宣布赞扬称颂 Publicity 宣传公开 Advertise 通知；为??做广告；使突出Propagandize 宣传；对??进行宣传Claim 要求声称索取夺走 Acclaim欢呼喝彩表扬 Assert 断言声称 Dissemination散播传播传染病毒 Dissem in ate 宣传传播散布 Acclaim 称赞为。。。喝彩 Adm onish 告诫劝告 Address演说发言解决 Assert 律师陈述维护坚持断言主张声称 Aroused 唤醒激发 致以问候称赞 Salute 致意问候称赞 Approve of 赞成 说明 In terpretatio n 解释说明 术语 Glossary 术语（特殊用语）表；词汇表；专业词典 Jargon 行话专门术语术语 Dialect 方言地方话 Idiom 成语习语 沉迷 In dulge nee 沉溺沉迷放纵 Obsessed with入迷的一门心思 Addicted 上瘾
中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文 1999.3 2000.3 2001.3 2002.3 2002.10 2003.3 2003.10 2004.3 2005.3 题目解析： “如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。 范文： With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people. In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects. Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person. Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.
中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷构成 试卷一：小计110分钟65分 Ⅰ 词汇15分钟10分Ⅰ 完形填空15分钟15分Ⅰ 阅读80分钟40分 试卷二：小计70分钟35分 Ⅰ 英译汉30分钟15分Ⅰ 写作40分钟20分 2006年3月 PAPER ONE PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) 1. The problem is that most local authorities lack the to deal sensibly in this market. A. anticipation B. perception C. prospect D. expertise 2. Awards provide a(n) for young people to improve their skills. A. incentive B. initiative C. fugitive D. captive 3. The profit motive is inherently with principles of fairness and equity. A. in line B. in trade C. at times D. at odds 4. Oil is derived from the of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists. A. layouts B. reminders C. remains D. leftovers 5. Successful students sometimes become so with grades that they never enjoy their school years. A. passionate B. involved C. immersed D. obsessed 6. Apparently there were between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times. A. distortions B. discrepancies C. disorders D. distractions 7. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden col unconsciousness. A. converging B. culminating C. finalizing D. releasing 8. The 12-year-old civil war had 1.5 million lives. A. declared B. proclaimed C. claimed D. asserted 9. The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net to charitable activities in the county. A. expenses B. revenues C. budgets D. payments 10. This will make schools more directly and effectively to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes. A. accountable B. submitted C. subjected D. available 11. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never from the highest standards of honor. A. deviate B. escape C. derive D. refrain 12. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed in the glossary. A. in sum B. in total C. in general D. in full 13. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a for more. A. scarcity B. command C. hunger D. request 14. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam , surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things. A. at peace B. at leisure C. at rest D. at speed 15. The closest to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils. A. equality B. equation C. equivalent D. equity 16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was_____ revised. A. consecutively B. consequently C. successively D. subsequently 17. He us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about. A. confuses B. regards C. strikes D. knocks