雅思考试包括四个部分，依次为听力、阅读、写作和口语，考试时间共2小时45分钟。每一部分都独立评分，四部分得分的平均分作为考生的雅思综合得分（小数部分取舍到最近的一分或半分，即如果平均分为6.125分，雅思得分算作6分）。成绩单上将列出考生每一部分的得分，同时给出考生的综合得分。雅思考试满分为9分。考试成绩在考试后十个工作日后通知考生。成绩有效期为两年。
雅思考试（国际英语语言测试系统）是听说读写四项英语交流能力的测试。为打算在以英语作为交流语言的国家或地区学习或工作的人们设置的英语语言水平考试。
IELTS考试的种类
培训类（General Training ）目前较多适用于移民；
学术类（Academic）目前较多适用于留学。
考试分4个部分，一般需要两天时间举行。第一天的上午，全体考生都要参加相继进行的听力、阅读、写作三项考试；第一天的下午和第二天上午陆续举行口语考试。
首先进行的听力考试时间40分钟，题目分四个部分。第一个部分是日常生活中会发生的对话（通常为二人），第二个部分是生活相关的独白；第三个部分是学术性的对话（通常二人以上），第四个部分为学术论文演讲，难度依次增加。通常前三个部分都会分成两段，分别回答不同的问题。考生在听完每段录音后会有一小段时间复查（但因为不会重复，所以要即时写出答案）。全部录音放完需时30分钟，剩余10分钟供考生将答案从试卷填写到答题卡上。时间到了之后考官会把试卷收上来，并要求考生将答题卡翻过来。
听力考试之后是阅读考试，时间60分钟，题目分三个部分。每个passage大约1200-1500字，大约13-14道题，总共40道题，时间到后考官会把答题卡和试卷都收上来。
雅思阅读考试分为十大题型：
Multiple Choice;
Short-answer questions;
Sentence Completion;
Notes, Summary or T able/Flow-chart Completion;
Labelling a Diagram;
Headings;
Locating Information;
Identification of Writer’s Views/Claims or of Information in a Te xt;
Classification;Matching
命题思路：由于英式教育与美式教育的不同，在英国传统教育中，通过有效而且大量的阅读经典作品并结合自身观点及科学背景写作论文是所有检验教育成效最重要的手段。因此，雅思文章虽然长度惊人，但题目所涉及信息量的排列是有规律的，读任何文章都必须掌握其中的必然因素，如人文科学中的时间，地点，学者观点，自然科学文章中的现象，发生的原因，科学发展的趋势等。
雅思的基本文章类型及出处
（1）关于欧洲及世界社会发展，经济状况，科学动向以及文化交流的文章
（2）关于地球，自然界的科学现象及地理现象的文章
（3）人类历史发展中重要事件，重要人物及重要标志性产品
雅思是英国传统经典学府剑桥大学的杰作，英国奉行高等教育的精英主义，所选的文章也出自一些著名的媒体，其中最多的是社会发展类的文章全都出自以下媒体：
经济学家杂志(Economist,), 经济时报（Financial times）, 卫报(Guardian)等国际精英知识分子媒体的非社论性文章
政府各部门(UK及世界各国)的社会发展报告，联合国各组织的年度报告
某些著名的协会杂志(带有官方色彩)，如Info Journal(驻英国商会的季刊)
英国及欧洲的专业杂志（人文类），如Arts Management，Arts Education等
70%的自然科学文章选自National Geographic, New Scientist, Science, Popular Science和Nature杂志
80%的重大事件（非政治经济），重大发明都选自美国国家地理杂志（National Geographic）
阅读考试之后是写作考试，时间也是60分钟。题目有两道，第一道是看图说明（A类）或者书信（G 类），要求150字，20分钟；第二道是议论文或说明文（议论为主），要求250字，40分钟。时间是合在一起的，最后一起收。
口语考试是一对一进行，考官会首先就考生的一些个人问题发问，并选择话题加以展开。到一定程度后，考官出示题目卡，要求考生就题目所涉及内容进行回答并适当展开论述，时间不少于一分钟。最后，考官会就一些深入的话题与考生进行讨论，以考察考生的应对能力。总长度时限为14分钟。
雅思阅读技巧介绍：快速阅读技巧
雅思阅读方法很多，但是快速阅读就涉及到了略读(skimming)或浏览，意味着考生要有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。那么这种雅思阅读方法该如何练习呢?
A. 雅思阅读方法的练习一定要抓住文章中的主要内容，所以要利用印刷细节(typographical details)，如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对文章进行预测略读(preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。
B. 以一般阅读速度(200～250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背景情况，作者的文章风格，口吻或语气等。
C. 阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。
D. 注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however，moreover，in addition等;序列词如firstly，secondly
等。
雅思阅读技巧：阅读浏览技巧
高阅读效率必须要学会浏览。浏览主要包含两种，一是跳读全文，一是查读。前者主要是把握文章基本内
下进行的。找到目标段落后，应该放慢速度，直到找到需要的相关信息为止。当然，这个过程的实现需要坚持不懈的练习。在锻炼浏览能力的基础上，还要学会调节阅读速度。
在雅思阅读技巧学会浏览就能在节省不少时间，而浏览主要包含两种，一是跳读全文，一是查读。需要注意出现频率最高的词或者短语，它们很可能是文章的中心或者关键的问题，才是雅思阅读技巧浏览的关键所在。
这里，需要注意出现频率最高的词或者短语，它们很可能是文章的中心或者关键的问题。在阅读的过程中要练习这种找中心词语的能力。其次，还需要善于判定短文各段的主题句。关于这点，大部分人都比较有意识的在练习。最后应该在浏览的过程中总结全文的主题。对每一个阅读完的段落，都要在脑中回顾一下主要阐述的内容。强调完浏览和速度两个方面之后，同学们还需要掌握常见的行文方式，了解作者语气和意图，预测内容和文章导向。
文章中常见的行文方式主要有信息传播类、分析论说类，事实证明类，问题解答类。对于信息传播类，由于事实多，细节详细，应该尽量记忆信息。分析论说类主要是作者为了表达自己的某种观点并进行说理分析。所以要特别注意作者的观点是什么，提出了哪些论据理由。对于事实证明类，这种文章往往有结论，或在开头或在结尾。和分析论说类不同在于，文章没有个人观点。所以要先抓住结论，然后用心分析每项论据。问题解答类的，作者则是用问题吸引读者的注意力，同时也清楚说明自己的意图。优点在于，一眼能看出主题而不用猜测。
雅思阅读技巧：扫读与略读
所谓的扫描就好像看电话号码簿，你心里很清楚你要找什么，所以你快速扫描所看的那一页来找到答案。这种技巧通常用来回答多项选择题以及配对题。快速扫描文章找到问题所问的信息。
略读就是快速阅读一个段落，了解中心意思，而忽略细节。这种技巧可以用来回答：“给出一个段落的小标题”或是“在那个段落中提到这个信息?”或是“作者的观点”这类的题目。
雅思阅读的难度是渐进的，做题的时间安排应该是：第一篇文章大约用15-17分钟，第二篇20分钟左右，23-25分钟做第三篇。如果有多余的时间就检查一下答案。
建议在读文章以前先快速浏览一遍所有的问题，有个大致的概念你需要去寻找什么样的信息，需要用扫描阅读还是略读，还是两种技巧都要使用。浏览问题的时候，用铅笔划出重要的信息，例如：日期、地点和名字。
浏览完毕所有问题之后，扫读一次文章，标出重要的部分。如果看见任何与问题相关的信息，直接标出来，有些题目边看就可以边答了。
根据自己标出的重要信息一次回答问题，文章看过一遍以后，去找特定的信息就会变得更容易。
答案在文章里面出现的顺序通常与问题的顺序是一致的，例如第4题的答案通常会比第5题的答案先出现。不过这主要看问题的类型，如果问题问的是In which paragraph does this information appear?" 以及Yes / No / Not given类型的问题，那么答案就不一定是按顺序了。
一找到问题的答案就在答题纸上作答，不一定要按顺序回答问题。
注意看题目要求，如果题目要求用不超过3个单词来作答，记住不要超过3个。
最难的是True / False / Not given 与Yes / No / Not given 类型的题目。平时多练习做这种题型，考试的时候要记住看清楚要你回答True / False还是Yes / No，不要用True / False回答Yes/No，也不要用Yes/No回答True/False，这种回答会被视为错误而没有分数。
不要在一个题目停留太久，找不到答案就接着做下一题，有时间再回头做。
雅思阅读重要技巧：记号
记号在雅思阅读考试中究竟有怎样神奇的功效呢?天道专家总结了巧用技巧所带来的雅思阅读的好处，不过记号的最大功效在于它可以保证考生在有限的时间内有效地快速的解题。
1. 记号可以起到突出重要内容，加深记忆的作用，因此考生要学会在雅思阅读中把任何重要信息都打上记号，比如所有的问题题干中的重要信息，比如list of headings 中所有的选项的关键信息等。考生对题干中的重要信息记忆深刻了，那么定位就会相对更快更准确。
2. 在文章非特殊印刷体的关键词上面做上记号，一方面可以加快阅读速度，同时又可以防止漏掉文中的重要信息。雅思阅读的文章乍一看上去就像是天书一般，如果考生在查找细节时光依靠眼睛很容易出现走马观花的现象，考生自认为在读其实什么都没看进去。
3. 在雅思阅读解题时用记号可以加快速度，比如，考生在审题时圈出关键词，就可以果断的进入解题的下一步——去原文定位了，同样，在原文找到关键词后，赶快圈出关键词，就可以快速进入下一步。如果考生不习惯打记号，就可能出现迟疑犹豫不决的情况，尽管看到了重要信息但还是不往下走，视线仍旧在某地徘徊。因此，可以说在解题的每一个环节，用笔可以帮助考生加快解题速度。
总之，考生要记住：在雅思阅读考试中，除了眼睛之外，在雅思阅读文章中做出恰当的记号，会让考生一直保持良好的心情和状态，提高解题速度，容易考出理想的成绩。
Search begins for 'Earth' beyond solar system
1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars.
2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm.
3. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface, and quite possibly life, although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find "any little green men".
4. Developed by the French space agency, CNES, and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA), Austria, Belgium, Germany, Brazil and Spain, Corot will monitor around 120,000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years, it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky, measuring the brightness of about 10,000 stars every 512 seconds.
5. "At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men," Professor Ian Roxburgh, an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme.
6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find "rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and, if they are the right distance from their parent star, they could have water".
7. To search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a "transit". Although it will take more
sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.
8. Measurements of minute changes in brightness will enable scientists to detect giant Jupiter-like gas planets as well as small rocky ones. It is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the Earth - which will cause the most excitement. Scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.
9. Corot will also probe into stellar interiors （星球内部）by studying the acoustic waves （声波）that ripple（形成波痕）across the surface of stars, a technique called "asteroseismology"（星震学）.
10. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star's precise mass, age and chemical composition.
11. "A planet passing in front of a star can be detected by the fall in light from that star. Small oscillations （震动振幅）of the star also produce changes in the light emitted, which reveal what the star is made of and how they are structured internally. This data will provide
a major boost to our understanding of how stars form and evolve," Prof Roxburgh said.
12. Since the discovery in 1995 of the first "exoplanet" - a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun - more than 200 others have been found by ground-based observatories.
13. Until now the usual method of finding exoplanets has been to detect the "wobble" （摆动摇晃）their gravity imparts on parent stars. But only giant gaseous planets bigger than Jupiter can be found this way, and they are unlikely to harbour life.
14. In the 2010s, ESA plans to launch Darwin, a fleet of four or five interlinked space telescopes that will not only spot small rocky planets, but analyse their atmospheres for signs of biological activity.
15. At around the same time, the US space agency, Nasa, will launch Terrestrial Planet Finder, another space telescope designed to locate Earth-like planets. (615 words) Choose the appropriate letter from A-D for question 1.
1. Corot is an instrument which
(A) can help to search for certain planets
(B) is used to find planets in the orbit
(C) can locate planets with human beings
(D) can spot any planets with water.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 2-5 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
2. Scientists are trying to find out about the planets that can be inhabited.
3. BBC Radio 4 recently focuses on the broadcasting of Corot.
4. Passing objects might cause a fall in light.
5. Corot can tell whether there is another Earth-like planet.
Based on your reading of the passage, complete the sentences below with words taken from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
With measurements, scientists will be able to search for some gaseous and rocky planets.
They will be extremely excited if they can discover some small 6. __________, the expected number of which could be up to 7. __________ .
Corot will enable scientists to study the 8. __________ of stars. In this way, a star’s mass, age and chemical composition can be calculated.
According to Prof Roxburgh, changes in light can be caused by passing planets or star 9. __________. The related statistics can gain us a better 10. __________ of the star formation and evolvement.
Observatories have found many exoplanets, which are 11. __________ other stars than the Sun. The common way used in finding exoplanets can only detect huge gas planets, which do not 12. ___________ .
With the launching of Darwin, astronomers will be able to analyse whether those rocky planets have 13. __________ for life.
高一英语考试试题 命题人：斗鸡中学王生龙白云梅 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用(共三节，满分85分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Don’t worry too much about making ____ mistakes. They are _____ natural part of learning. A. /; a B. the; / C. /; the D. the; the 2. Tom was very sick with a bad cough, ______ he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise 3. Two thirds of the work ____ done by Jimmy, and ___ was done by Nancy. A. was; the rest B. was; the others C. were; the others D. were; the rest 4. I am his best friend, and I will always _______ him. A. look into B. watch over C. join in D. worry 5. With the great dam ___, we’ll have enough electricity f or everyday use. A. complete B. completed C. to be completed D. to complete 6. I advised that he_____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then. A. was sent; felt B. be sent; feel C. be sent; was feeling D. was sent; felt 7. ---- Have you heard that Tom, as well as his parents, _____ moved to Beijing? ---- Really? No _____ I haven’t seen him for a long time. A. have; doubt B. has; wonder C. have; reason D. has; choice 8. The old man had one son and two daughters, ___ treated him well, ____ made him very sad. A. neither of whom; that B. neither of them; which C. none of whom; which D. none of them; that 9. ----Do you have anything to do this afternoon? ----What’s up? ----Let’s go shopping. It’s said that Yimin Shop ___and all the sweaters are sold at half price. ----Why not? A. has closed down B. was closing down C. closes down D. is closing down 10. －John admitted ____in the exam. －That’s why he was not admit ____the skating club. A. cheating…to B. to cheat…by C. cheating…by D. to cheat…to
开卷 闭卷 Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV . Writing ( 20 points) (Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面) 命题（组题）人： 李雁 审题人： 黄萍 命题时间：2014.12 研究生院制 学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名 封 线 密
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷 2014～2015 学年第一学期 硕士生B类 Part I. Reading Comprehension（40 points） Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans’ private lives. Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”. 1.More and more young Europeans remain single because A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism. B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age. C. they have embraced a business culture of stability. D. they are pessimistic about their economic future. 2.What is said about European society in the passage? A. It has fostered the trend towards small families. B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization. 3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are A. warm and lighthearted. B. on either side of marriage. C. negative and gloomy. D. healthy and wealthy. 4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
重庆大学《大学英语》课程大纲 2003年10月 一、课程的目的、性质和任务： 建立适合我校大学英语教学实际的个性化教学、学习体系，实行分类指导、分层教学的外语教学模式，改革教学方法，建立以学生为主体，教师为主导的新的学习观，实行多媒体环境下的大班教学、以口头交流和写译为主的小班教学以及个别指导和自主学习相结合的教学方式，强调实用性外语人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 教学，突出学生的参与性，教学内容的实用性，教师作用的指导性和教学方式的实践性，使学生在今后的工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力和综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。 二、课程的基本教学要求： 根据教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》，重庆大学大学英语教学应把重点放在打好语言基础上。语言基础包括语言知识和语言应用能力，前者指语音、语法和词汇等方面的知识，后者指综合运用这些知识进行听、说、读、写、译等语言活动的能力。大学英语教学还应有助于学生开阔视野，扩大知识面，加深对世界的了解，借鉴和吸收外国文化精华，提高文化素养。 大学英语教学阶段的要求分为四个层次（见表1），即最低要求、一般要求，较高要求和更高要求，根据学生对语言掌握的情况确定教学目标和与此相适应的教材、教学方法和教学进度，依照教学目标组织教学活动，并根据不同要求确定学生学习必修课和选修课的比例，一般说来，除特殊招生的专业学生外，其余学生至少应达到大学英语教学的一般要求，并通过国家四级统考认证。学生本科学习期间英语课程至少完成16个学分，其中，课程学习14个学分，国家四级统考认证通过后取得最后2个学分。 表1：分层次教学模式 三、课程的主要内容： 1. 综合英语1-4，以语言技能为主，注重培养学生的英语听说能力，以及读写译等综合应用能力，包括①语言基础：多媒体环境下以学生为主体，教师为主导的大班教学；②语言应用：小班口语教学，在时间上相对独立，设置上有语音板块，日常英语板块和讨论表达思想板块，从课堂师生扮演的角色来看，教师是课堂的设计者，任务是课堂的中心，学生是课堂任务的实践者；③多媒体自主学
高一英语试题第一学期期末考试试卷 (考试时间：120分钟总分150分) 宝鸡铁一中张洁 注意事项： 1、本试卷共分两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为非选择题。 2、所有试题的答案均填写在答题纸上（选择题部分使用答题卡的学校请将选择题的答案直接填涂到答题卡上），答案写在试卷上的无效。 第I卷（选择题共85分） 第一节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1. ------Why didn’t ask the teacher the question? ---------She had left the classroom______ I had time to do it . A. as B. till C. after D. before 2. His pale face suggested he ________angry and he suggested that we ______at once. A. would be; leave B. was; left C. was; leave D. was; was leaving 3. This book _______twelve units, ______two mainly revisions. A.contains; containing B includes; including C contains; including D. includes; containing 4. I have made my decision, and I’m going to _______it A pass by B go through C stick to D insist on 5.Put everything ________to you in your bag, not others. A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D.tobelong 6.The girl, ________parents are dead, is living with an aunt of hers. A. who B. whom C. her D. whose 7.After a long walk, they were _______tired that they could not move even one step further. A. too B. so C. as D. such 8.With the time ________, our happiness grew. A. goes by B. going by C. has gone by D. had gone by 9. Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already _______, and several other species are endangered. A. died away B. died out C. died down D. died up 10.. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. will be changed C. will change D. will have changed 11.. Two thirds of the work ____ done by Jimmy, and ___ was done by Nancy. A. was; the rest B. was ;the others C. were; the others D. were ; the rest 12. I am his best friend, and I will always _______ him. A. look into B. watch over C. join in D. worry 13. ----Do you have anything to do this afternoon? ----What’s up? ----Let’s go shopping. It’s said that Yimin Shop ___and all the sweaters are sold at half price.
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生 《英语》课程试卷(B 类) 2015~2016 学年 第 二 学期（春） 开课学院：外国语学院 课程编号：G0401A 考试日期： 2016.06.19 考试方式： 考试时间： 120 分钟 硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, each item 2points) Passage One 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) Passage Two 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( ) Passage Three 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) Passage Four 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points) Part III Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV Writing ( 20 points) (Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面) 命题（组题）人： 审题人： 命题时间：2016.06 研究生院制 学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名 封 线 密
永登一中2016—2017学年第一学期末考试卷 高一英语 第I卷 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项. （A） The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful building in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture. It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the 17th century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect(建筑师) Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble(大理石) path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition. The Taj Mahal took 23 years to build. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shan Jehan was imprisoned(监禁) by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. 1. The Taj Mahal was built for_______. A. Mumtaz B. Shah C. Either Mumtaz or Shah D. Both Mumtaz or Shah 2. Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife? A. His own tomb hadn’t been built. B. He hoped to be buried there. C. King and Queen should be buried together. D. He liked Mumtaz all his life. 3. The passage mainly tells us _______. A. why the Taj Mahal was built B. the love story between Shah and Mumtaz C. some information about the Taj Mahal D. the Taj Mahal--- the pride of Indians
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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
2016年重庆大学英语语言文学考研 以下内容由凯程老师搜集整理，供考研的同学们参考。更多考研辅导班的详细内容，请咨询凯程老师。 一、重庆大学英语语言文学考研考什么？ 研究生入学考试分为初试和复试。 考试科目需要查看招生专业目录，根据报考的学院与专业了解初试科目，如重庆大学土英语语言文学专业的初试科目为： ①101 思想政治理论 ②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244德语（二外）或245法语（二外） ③615基础英语 ④814 英语翻译与写作 复试科目： ①外语听力、口语； ②专业综合面试； ③专业笔试： 01和02 方向--英美文学， 03和04 方向-- 英语语言学理论基础知识。 加试科目： 1、英美文化； 2、高级听力。
二、重庆大学英语语言文学考研有哪些研究方向？ 不同学院专业的研究方向有所不同，以重庆大学英语语言文学为例，专业的研究方向为： 01 英美文学 02 比较文学 03 跨文化交际 04 翻译研究 三、重庆大学英语语言文学考研参考书目有哪些？ 《大学俄语简明教程》（第二外语用）张宝钤、钱晓慧，高教出版社 243 日语（二外） 《标准日本语》（新版）初级1、2册，中级第1册（前15课），人民教育出版社 244 德语（二外） 《德语》（上下）吴永岸、华宗德，上海外语教育出版社 245 法语（二外） 《简明法语教程》（上下）孙辉 615 基础英语 《高级英语》(1、2) 张汉熙，外语教学与研究出版社 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（上下）朱永涛，高等教育出版社，2005，高校英语专业现行“精读”类课程高年级教材 814 英语翻译与写作
《英语写作手册》（英文版），丁往道，外研社，2004 《英汉翻译教程》张培基，上海外语教育出版，2008 《实用翻译教程》冯庆华，上海外语教育出版社，2008 四、英语语言文学考研院校有哪些推荐？ 北京大学、北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、南京大学、厦门大学。 五、重庆大学英语语言文学考研就业方向如何？ 重庆大学英语语言文学专业的人才可以到教育、外事、外贸、科技翻译、新闻出版、广播影视、涉外企业、旅游公关、企事业等部门或单位从事英语教学、培训、科研、口译、笔译等与英语有关的工作。